Effect Of Non-surgical Periodontal Therapy Research Articles

Efficacy of nonsurgical periodontal therapy affecting salivary biomarkers in non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic periodontitis patients. An observational study.

To assess the effects of non-surgical periodontal therapy on salivary biomarkers in non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic periodontitis patients and to investigate if saliva may be used to monitor glucose levels in type 2 diabetes. 250 participants with chronic generalized periodontitis aged 35-70 years were divided into two groups: test group with type 2 diabetes (125 subjects with 64 males & 61 females) and control group with non-diabetic (125 subjects with 83 males & 42 females). Participants received non-surgical periodontal treatment. Pre-NSPT and 6-week post-NSPT saliva glucose, amylase, total protein, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured. Intergroup correlations were assessed using Karl Pearson's correlation coefficient and paired t-test. Non-surgical periodontal therapy significantly decreased CRP (p<0.05) in diabetics and non-diabetics. CRP mean values changes from baseline 1.79 to post op 1.5 and baseline 1.5 to post-op 1.24 in males and females of test group, respectively. In control group males and females, mean values change from baseline 1.48 to post-op 1.42 and 1.499 to 1.40. Other parameters Glucose, amylase & total protein showed improvement in the level, but statistically non-significant (p>0.05). Salivary glucose levels corresponded favorably with HbA1C levels. In individuals with type 2 diabetes and non-diabetic generalized chronic periodontitis, non-surgical periodontal therapy may play a role in lowering the level of significant salivary biomarkers. Saliva can be utilized as a non-invasive approach for monitoring glucose levels in people with type 2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis.

Effect of non surgical periodontal therapy and vitamin C supplementation on total antioxidant capacity in patients with chronic generalised periodontitis - A randomised controlled trial.

Periodontal inflammation are inflammation of supporting tissues of periodontium. The microbial factor can cause infection which is polymicrobial in origin and causes dysbiosis and shift in oxidative stress with compromised antioxidant capacity. This study focused at determination of the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) and vitamin C supplementation on total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) in chronic periodontitis patients (ChP). A total of 70 ChPand 35 periodontally healthy subjects (control) were recruited in this study. Further, ChP group was subdivided into ChP1 group (n=35) which received NSPT only and ChP 2 group (n=35) which received NSPT with vitamin C 500mg once daily for 3 months. Serum and saliva samples were taken at baseline and at 3 months postNSPT for measurement of TAOC. Clinical parameters measured were measured at 1-, 3-, 6- and 12-month interval. Lower levels of serum and salivary TAOC levels were observed in ChP patients than healthy subjects (p<0.05). Improvement in Clinical parameters was observed in both the groups ChP1 and ChP 2 group post therapy (p<0.05). The periodontal treatment showed insignificant changes in serum and salivary TAOC levels (p>0.05). The supplemental dose of vitamin C didn't have any additional benefits (p>0.05). There lies an association of oxidative stress with periodontitis, low serum and salivary TAOC levels were seen in chronic periodontitis patients. NSPT improved the periodontal inflammatory status. However, benefits of vitamin C as an adjunct to NSPT remains inconclusive and needs to be further explored by multicentre longitudinal studies.

Effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on saliva levels of paraoxonase-1 in healthy and periodontitis subjects: a clinico-biochemical study

Background: Salivary antioxidants play main roles in the defensive mechanism of saliva against free radicals. Prevalence of inflammatory conditions like periodontitis associated with several pathogeneses, knowing the defensive mechanism of salivary antioxidant against free radicals can provide helpful strategies in diagnosis and evaluation of these conditions. The aim of this study was evaluation of the paraoxonase (PON1) levels of saliva in healthy and periodontitis subjects. Methods: In this clinico-biochemical study 30 patients diagnosed with periodontitis and 30 healthy controls aged between 18 to 60 years, 30 patients were recalled after non-surgical periodontal therapy were selected. Three millilitres (3 ml) of whole unstimulated saliva sample were collected. PON-1 level were determined by a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Results: The results showed a statistically significant difference in the salivary PON1 levels in pre (66.6600%) and post (89.3200%) treatment samples (p value &lt;0.001). The saliva level of PON1 was improved compared to post treatment. There was an improvement in the clinical parameters, and seen a statistically significant difference with p=0.001. Conclusions: The reduction in the saliva levels of paraoxonase in periodontitis patients has led to a variation leading to increased ROS and therefore periodontal breakdown. The variation in salivary paraoxonase levels before and after treatment can be taken as an indicator of success of periodontal therapy.

Effectiveness of Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy on Salivary Visfatin: A Clinical and Biochemical Analysis

Effectiveness of Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy on Salivary Visfatin: A Clinical and Biochemical Analysis

The effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on salivary IL-6 levels in patients with moderate to severe generalized chronic periodontitis.

Generegulation of IL-6 is characterized by the presence of inflammatory cytokines, bacterial products, viral infection, andactivation of the diacylglycerol-, cyclic AMP-, or Ca + + -activated signal transduction pathways. Scaling and root planning (SRP), a non-surgical periodontal therapy, was studied in connection toseveral clinical parameters for its effect on salivary IL-6 levels in patients with generalized chronic periodontitis. For this study, a total of 60 GCP patients were included. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), pocket probing depth (PPD), bleeding on probing percentage (BOP%), and clinical attachment loss were among the clinical indicators covered (CAL). Following SRP, mean IL-6 levels in patients with GCP were significantly higher in the pre-treatment group (2.93 5.17 pg/ml; p 0.05) than in the posttreatmentgroup (5.78 8.26 pg/ml; baseline). Pre- and post-treatment IL-6 levels for PI (pre), BOP percent (pre/post), GI (post), and PPD were found to be positively correlated (post). In patients with GCP, the study showed a statistically significant correlation between periodontal metrics and salivary IL-6. Changes in periodontal indices and IL-6 levels that are statistically significant over time indicate that non-surgicaltreatment is effective, and IL-6 can be regarded as a potent disease activity marker.

Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on salivary melatonin levels in patients with periodontal disease.

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease in which periodontal tissues are damaged as a result of an imbalance in the oxidant/antioxidant systems. Melatonin is one hormone that controls circadian rhythms and is also an antioxidant and immune modulator. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of scaling and root planing (SRP) on salivary melatonin levels (SM) in patients with periodontal disease. A single-center clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of SRP on SM levels in patients with periodontal disease. Forty-five participants of age 30-60 years were equally divided into three groups: 15 healthy participants, 15 participants with gingivitis, and 15 participants with periodontitis. Unstimulated salivary samples were collected from all the participants at baseline and 1 month after SRP from participants of gingivitis and periodontitis group and SM levels were determined by commercially available ELISA kit. Group comparisons were made using t-test. The level of significance was set at a P < 0.05 for all tests. SM levels were significantly lower in the chronic periodontitis group. There was a significant improvement in clinical parameters and SM levels in both chronic periodontitis and gingivitis groups after SRP. This study determined that there is a negative correlation between SM levels and the severity of periodontal disease and showed a significant increase in SM levels after SRP, suggesting that melatonin might have a protective role against periodontal disease and can be considered as an effective biomarker.

Effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy with adjunct photodynamic therapy on periodontal and glycemic statuses in prediabetic patients with periodontal disease

ObjectiveStudies have shown that non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) helps reduce periodontal inflammation and glycemic levels in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus; however, the role of NSPT with adjunct photodynamic therapy on glycemic status and periodontal parameters in prediabetic patients remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of NSPT with and without adjunct PDT on periodontal and glycemic statuses in prediabetic patients with periodontal disease. MethodsPrediabetic (Group-1) and non-diabetic (Group-2) patients diagnosed with periodontal inflammation were included. In both groups, patients were randomly assigned to test and control-groups. In the test- and control groups, patients underwent NSPT with and without adjunct PDT, respectively. The following parameters were assessed at baseline and at four weeks’ follow-up: plaque index (PI); gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Collection of demographic data and assessment of full mouth marginal bone loss was performed at baseline. Level of significance was set at P < 0.05. ResultsAt baseline, there was no difference in PI, GI and PD among patients with and without prediabetes. At 3-weeks’ follow up there was no difference in PI, GI and PD among patients without prediabetes. PI (P < 0.01), GI (P < 0.01) and PD (P < 0.01) were significantly higher in the control-group compared with the test-group at 3-weeks’ follow-up in patients without prediabetes. The HbA1c levels were significantly higher in patients with prediabetes throughout the study duration compared with individuals without prediabetes. ConclusionOne session of NSPT with or without PDT reduce periodontal inflammation but do not influence glycemic levels in prediabetic patients.

Effect of Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy on Clinical Parameters of Periodontitis, Oral Candida spp. Count and Lactoferrin and Histatin Expression in Saliva and Gingival Crevicular Fluid of HIV-Infected Patients.

Periodontitis (PDT) has gained attention in the literature with the increase in life expectancy of people living with HIV on combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). Thus, the search for inflammatory biomarkers could be useful to understand the pathophysiology of chronic oral diseases in the cART era. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on clinical parameters of PDT, Candida spp. count and expression of lactoferrin (LF) and histatin (HST) in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of HIV-infected patients. Bleeding index (BI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), colonyforming units (CFUs) of Candida spp, and LF and HST levels were measured in saliva and GCF of both groups at three different times: baseline (before treatment), and 30 and 90 days after the NSPT. Clinical, mycological and immunoenzymatic analyses were also performed. Twenty-two HIV-infected patients and 25 non-HIV-infected patients with PDT participated in the study. NSPT was effective in improving periodontal clinical parameters, including ≤ 4 sites with PD ≤ 5mm and BI ≤ 10%. Significant change in oral Candida spp. count occurred neither between the two groups nor after NSPT. And the salivary and GCF levels of LF and HST were not influenced by the NSPT; by contrast, except for salivary LF, HST and LF were shown to exhibit significantly higher levels in HIV-infected than in non-HIV-infected patients. NSPT was effective in improving periodontal disease parameters in HIV-infected patients, but did not affect LF and HST expression in saliva and GCF of HIV-infected patients.

Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy in pre and postmenopausal women with periodontitis: A systematic review

Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy in pre and postmenopausal women with periodontitis: A systematic review

Effects of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on serum creatinine level in systemically healthy individuals with periodontitis: An interventional study.

Several studies have suggested a relationship between periodontitis and serum creatinine levels. Both low and high serum creatinine levels have been reported in individuals with periodontitis. The impact of periodontal therapy on serum creatinine levels has not been fully investigated yet. The aim of the study is to estimate the influence of nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on serum creatinine levels in systemically healthy individuals with periodontitis at stage II and stage III with grade A and grade B. Sixty-eight systemically healthy individuals included in the study were divided into Group A (GA) (Periodontally healthy) and Group B (GB) (Periodontitis: stage II and III with grade A and grade B). Gingival index, sulcular bleeding index, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, body mass index, and serum creatinine levels were recorded at baseline for both GA and GB, 90 days after NSPT for GB only. Collected data were analyzed statistically. Serum creatinine levels in GB were significantly higher when compared with GA and serum creatinine levels in GB before and 90 days after NSPT were statistically insignificant. Serum creatinine levels were higher in individuals with periodontitis when compared with periodontally healthy individuals and NSPT has no considerable influence on the serum creatinine levels in individuals with periodontitis. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.

Effects of Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy on Alveolar Bone Metabolism at Different Stages of Periodontitis: A Prospective Clinical and Biochemical study.

Effects of Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy on Alveolar Bone Metabolism at Different Stages of Periodontitis: A Prospective Clinical and Biochemical study.

Effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on the salivary levels of omentin-1, a novel adipokine biomarker in periodontitis: A clinico-biochemical study.

Biomarkers are emerging, advanced diagnostic tools for the assessment of periodontal disease progression. Omentin-1 is an anti-inflammatory adipocytokine, which has been observed and studied in the saliva of periodontitis patients. Non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) is considered a vital part of periodontal disease treatment. The study aimed to evaluate the interventional effect of NSPT on the levels of salivary omentin1 in healthy (H) and chronic periodontitis (CP) patients. A total of 60 participants were selected and equally divided into 2 groups (group A: H participants, group B: CP patients). After obtaining verbal and written consent, whole unstimulated saliva was collected from all participants and analyzed for omentin-1 levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Mean salivary omentin-1 levels were elevated and found to be significantly higher in group A (95.80 ±26.65) compared to group B (61.97 ±24.53). In group B, there was a substantial rise in omentin1 levels from baseline to the 6th week of follow-up (p < 0.001). Thus, NSPT had a positive influence on salivary omentin-1 levels in the treatment group. Salivary omentin-1 levels may serve as diagnostic and prognostic indicators of periodontal disease progression, and may be used to assess therapeutic outcomes in periodontitis patients.

Salivary Biomarkers in Periodontitis Post Scaling and Root Planing.

This study was conducted to evaluate the levels of salivary uric acid and arginase in patients with periodontitis, generalized gingivitis, and in healthy individuals. Then, the effects of non-surgical periodontal therapy on levels of salivary arginase and uric acid were also investigated. A total of 60 subjects were divided into three groups based on periodontal health: group I comprised 20 healthy individuals; group II comprised 20 subjects who had generalized gingivitis; group III comprised 20 subjects who had generalized periodontitis. On day 0, the clinical examination of periodontal status was recorded, following which saliva samples were collected. Group II and group III subjects underwent non-surgical periodontal therapy. These patients were recalled on day 30 to collect saliva samples. The periodontal parameters were reassessed on day 90, and saliva samples were collected for analysis of salivary arginase and uric acid levels. Group II and group III showed improvement in clinical parameters following non-surgical periodontal therapy on the 90th day. The MGI score, PPD, and CAL showed improvement. On day 0, at baseline, salivary arginase levels in group III and group II were higher than those in healthy subjects, whereas on day 0, salivary uric acid levels in group III and group II were lower than those in healthy subjects. Both on day 0 and day 90, the salivary arginase level showed a positive correlation with the periodontal parameters, whereas the salivary uric acid level was positively correlated with the periodontal parameters on day 90. the level of salivary arginase was a pro-inflammatory marker and a raised level of salivary uric acid was an anti-inflammatory marker following periodontal therapy, suggesting their pivotal role in assessing periodontal status and evaluation of treatment outcome.

Effect of Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy on Metabolic Control and Systemic Inflammatory Markers in Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Stage III Periodontitis.

A reciprocal relationship is understood to exist between periodontal disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and this intervention study aimed to evaluate the effects of nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on metabolic control, systemic inflammation, and cytokines in patients of T2DM with Stage III periodontitis. Sixty patients of T2DM with Stage III periodontitis were divided equally into two groups: intervention group (IG) and control group. Clinical parameters such as bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded at baseline and 3 and 6 months, and the serum samples were collected and processed at baseline and 6 months following NSPT to evaluate fasting plasma glucose, Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and high-sensitivity capsule-reactive protein (hs-CRP). The results indicated a significant improvement in clinical parameters of PPD and CAL 6 months after NSPT (P = 0.005) in both the groups. However, a significant decrease (P < 0.0001) in the TNF-α, hs-CRP, blood glucose, and HbA1c levels was seen after NSPT. On the other hand, an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was observed after NSPT in the IG. The changes in the pretreatment and posttreatment levels of all clinical, biochemical, and metabolic parameters, were found to be significant in both the groups except BOP. NSPT effectively improves periodontal condition, systemic inflammatory status, and glycemic control in patients of T2DM with Stage III periodontitis and decreases hs-CRP levels.

Potential Effects of Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy on Periodontal Parameters, Inflammatory Markers, and Kidney Function Indicators in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with Chronic Periodontitis.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and chronic periodontitis (CP) contribute to the increased level of inflammatory biomarkers in the blood. This study hypothesized that successful periodontal treatment would reduce the level of inflammatory biomarkers in CKD patients. This prospective study recruited two groups of CP patients: 33 pre-dialysis CKD patients and 33 non-CKD patients. All patients underwent non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). Their blood samples and periodontal parameters were taken before and after six weeks of NSPT. The serum level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and periodontal parameters were compared between groups. On the other hand, kidney function indicators such as serum urea and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were only measured in CKD patients. Clinical periodontal parameters and inflammatory markers levels at baseline were significantly higher (p &lt; 0.05) in the CKD group than in the non-CKD group and showed significant reduction (p &lt; 0.05) after six weeks of NSPT. CKD patients demonstrated a greater periodontitis severity and higher inflammatory burden than non-CKD patients. Additionally, CKD patients with CP showed a good response to NSPT. Therefore, CKD patients' periodontal health needs to be screened for early dental interventions and monitored accordingly.

The influence of fixed prosthesis placement on the clinical effectiveness of non-surgical periodontal therapy

Fixed prostheses are essential for restoring teeth with compromised structures. However, the margins of prosthesis potentially create an interface that interferes with proper cleaning. This study evaluated whether the fixed prosthesis placement influenced the clinical effectiveness of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). Clinical records from 202 patients with generalized chronic periodontitis receiving NSPT at the National Taiwan University Hospital in 2012-2014 were included. The change and improvement ratio (IR) of clinical parameters following NSPT in the entire dentition or posterior region, and all or periodontitis-affected teeth/crowns (T/C) and sites were evaluated. The differences among natural teeth (NT), prosthetic crowns (PC), and abutments (AB) were compared by using Kruskal-Wallis tests followed by Dunn's post-hoc test. Gingival recession (REC) was greater in PC and AB groups than in the NT group before NSPT, while tooth mobility was also lower in the AB group. REC gain was lower in the AB group after NSPT, while mobility reduction was inferior in the PC and AB groups for all or periodontitis-affected T/C and sites. In periodontitis-affected T/C, IRs in probing pocket depth reduction and clinical attachment gain were lower in the PC group, and mobility reduction was lower in the AB group. The tendency in the posterior region is similar but was less pronounced than in the entire dentition. The effectiveness of NSPT and the improvement of periodontal parameters are reduced when fixed prostheses present. MB reduction is inferior in AB teeth relative to NT.

Effectiveness of periodontal treatment to improve glycemic control: an umbrella review.

The aim of the present umbrella review was to systematically assess existing evidence on the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy, both per se' and with adjuvants, on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes and periodontitis and to combine quantitative data with a meta-analysis. A detailed study protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021222279). Four electronic databases (Medline via Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Scielo) were searched independently and in duplicate to identify potentially eligible systematic reviews up to March 2022. Two pre-calibrated independent reviewers performed study selection, data extraction and quality assessment with two checklists (AMSTAR 2 and PRISMA). Moreover, general characteristics of primary studies included in each systematic review were abstracted, and JADAD scale was used to assess the risk of bias for included randomized controlled trials. Data from the individual studies included in each meta-analysis were analyzed, using both fixed and random effect model. The statistical heterogeneity was calculated using the Q test and the I2 index. The publication bias was evaluated using a funnel plot and Egger's linear regression method. Sixteen systematic reviews, published between 2010 and 2021, were included for qualitative synthesis. From these systematic reviews, a total of 27 studies were included in the meta-analysis: all of them were randomized clinical trials, except 1 controlled clinical study. A statistically significant mean difference of - 0.49% and of - 0.38% HbA1c reductions was seen respectively at 3- and 6-month post-treatment, favoring the treatment group (non-surgical periodontal therapy alone) compared to the control group (no treatment). The effect of periodontal treatment with the adjunctive use of antibiotics or laser on the glycemic control was not statistically significant compared to non-surgical periodontal therapy alone. The findings of the present study, within its limitations, indicated that non-surgical treatment of periodontitis is an efficacious therapy for improving the glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, both at 3- and 6-month follow-up.

Effect of Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy on Adiponectin Levels in Type 2 Diabetics with Moderate to Severe Chronic Periodontitis-A Pilot Trial

AbstractBackground Adiponectin is a novel adipocyte-specific protein, which plays an important role in decreasing insulin resistance and inflammation, and hence can be considered in understanding the underlying mechanisms of both diabetes and periodontitis. As periodontitis and diabetes mellitus share common pathways of pathogenesis, this study was conducted to determine the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on adiponectin levels in type 2 diabetics with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis.Material and Methods Ten poorly controlled type 2 diabetics (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] ≥ 6.5%) with moderate to severe periodontitis (test group) and 10 age, sex, and body mass index matched systemically healthy patients with moderate to severe periodontitis (control group) were recruited. All the subjects underwent nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum were collected at the baseline and 3 months after periodontal treatment for assessment of adiponectin levels.Results Adiponectin levels increased postperiodontal therapy in both the groups, both in GCF (p = 0.206, 0.12) and serum (p = 0.051, 0.06). HbA1c reduced in the test group posttreatment (p = 0.229).Conclusion Nonsurgical periodontal therapy affects adiponectin levels locally as well as systemically thereby leading to improvement of glycemic control.

Effects of Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy on Salivary 8-Hydroxy-Deoxyguanosine Levels and Glycemic Control in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients.

Diabetes and periodontitis are complex chronic diseases that are potentially interrelated, as well as associated with oxidative stress. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of nonsurgical periodontal treatment on salivary 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels and glycemic control in patients suffering from both diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) and periodontitis. The study sample included 53 DM2 patients, while 31 systemically healthy patients served as controls. Participants in both groups suffered from periodontitis of comparable severity. Periodontal clinical parameters, namely plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), papilla bleeding index (PBI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded, along with salivary 8-OHdG levels and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Levels of 8-OHdG were analyzed by ELISA. All aforementioned parameters were evaluated prior to commencing the study and at 90-day follow-up upon nonsurgical periodontal therapy completion. At baseline, salivary levels of 8-OHdG in DM2 patients were significantly higher (1.17 ng/mL) than those measured for the control group (0.75 ng/mL) and showed significant positive correlation with GI and PPD (p < 0.05). Three months after nonsurgical periodontal therapy, the salivary 8-OHdG levels were significantly reduced in DM2 patients (p < 0.05). Analysis results also revealed statistically significant changes in all measured clinical parameters between baseline and three-month follow-up in both groups (p < 0.05). Upon treatment completion, a decline in the HbA1c level was noted in DM group, but it did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). It can be concluded that DM2 patients benefit from non-surgical periodontal therapy, as indicated by a marked reduction in their salivary 8-OHdG level and a modest improvement in glycemic control. Short-term clinical benefits noted in the DM group were similar to those observed in the non-diabetic periodontal patients.

The Effect of Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy on Pentraxin-3 Concentration in Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Chronic Periodontitis Patients: A Clinical Trial.

Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease caused by periopathogens and its severity is determined by the host immune response. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) can be used for non-invasive testing to assess the host response in periodontal treatment. Pentraxins are the classic mediators of inflammation and pentraxin-3 can be used as a marker to assess response to therapy, which was investigated in this study. This study aimed to assess the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on GCF level of pentraxin-3 in patients with chronic periodontitis. 25 patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and 25 periodontally healthy controls were evaluated. Pocket probing depth, clinical attachment loss, plaque index, gingival index, and bleeding on probing were measured in both groups. GCF samples were collected using paper strips to assess the level of pentraxin-3. In the CP group, GCF samples were collected from the highest clinical attachment loss, pocket probing depth, and bone loss at baseline and six weeks after non-surgical therapy. The level of pentraxin-3 in the GCF was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Pentraxin-3 in GCF of CP patients before treatment (6.72±4.63 ng/mL) was higher than the control group (4.43±2.85 ng/mL). Pentraxin-3 in patients after non-surgical therapy (3.2±2.66 ng/mL) decreased significantly compared to the baseline (p= 0.04) and its level after treatment was not significantly different from the control group (p= 0.14). Pentraxin-3 in GCF of CP patients was higher than healthy controls and decreased in response to non-surgical periodontal therapy. Thus, it can be used as an inflammatory marker for detection of patients at risk of CP. However, further studies with larger samples and longer follow-ups in different populations are required to confirm our findings.