Effects Of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Research Articles

Effect of nitrogen fertiliser application and length of lock up on dairy pasture dry matter yield and quality for silage in south-western Victoria

Summary. This study aimed to define the effect of differing rates of nitrogen application and lock up length on harvested material for silage in south-western Victoria. At 2 sites in south-western Victoria, 140, 3 by 2 m plots of predominantly perennial ryegrass pasture were randomly allocated, within 4 replicate blocks. Five nitrogen fertiliser rates (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 kg N/ha) in combination with 7 lock up lengths were randomly allocated to the 35 plots within each replicate. Nitrogen was applied 1 week after initial lock up (September 10, site 1; September 12, site 2) and harvesting commenced 3 weeks after initial lock up. For each treatment and harvest date, dry matter yield and botanical composition were determined and samples of total pasture and the ryegrass fraction were collected and chemically analysed for dry matter digestibility, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre, water-soluble carbohydrates and mineral content. Metabolisable energy was derived from dry matter digestibility. Increasing rates of nitrogen increased herbage dry matter yield regardless of length of lock up. The yield response was greatest 8 weeks after initial lock up at both sites (site 1, 26 kg DM/kg N; site 2, 14.9 kg DM/kg N). Subsequent regrowth of pasture was increased by nitrogen application over shorter lock up lengths (weeks 3 and 4). Botanical composition was unaffected by treatment during the harvesting period or in the subsequent autumn. Application of nitrogen gave rise to a linear increase in pasture metabolisable energy and crude protein content at both sites until week 5. Thereafter, this response diminished and by week 8 there was a decrease in metabolisable energy and crude protein content. Neutral detergent fibre content was relatively unaffected by nitrogen application until week 8 of the study, at which point there was a linear increase. Application of nitrogen reduced the water-soluble carbohydrate content of pastures throughout the sampling period. It is concluded that application of nitrogen to a mixed sward locked up for silage can increase dry matter yield and, provided pasture is harvested before ryegrass ear emergence, can also have a positive effect on metabolisable energy and crude protein. Given that the decision for removing paddocks from the grazing rotation is based upon pasture growth and stocking rates, the use of nitrogen fertilisers on higher stocked farms could lead to increased dry matter yield over shorter lock up periods. On farms with lower stocking rates shorter lock up periods may allow for pastures to be returned to the grazing rotation earlier, or provide the opportunity for a second harvest of pasture for silage.

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application at Different Stages on the Quality of Green Tea

Abstract Studies were carried out on the effect of the time of nitrogen fertilizer application to tea plants in spring on the quality constituents of new shoots using sand culture in a green house. Fertilizer was applied in spring each week at 300 ppm N starting from 35 d before the first plucking. The contents of total nitrogen, total amino acids, tannin, caffeine, and the composition of the amino acids and amides were determined. Nitrogen application, 5 to 3 weeks before the first plucking, did not affect the content of theanine (γ-glutamyl ethylamide), one of the major constituents of tea quality, and thereafter the content decreased. These results suggested that inorganic nitrogen fertilizer should be supplied until two weeks before the first plucking. 15N-nitrogen labeling experiment was also conducted to study the contribution of 15N-nitrogen in new shoots of tea and the content of theanine, and the results were discussed.

Nitrogen application and underground water contamination in some agricultural soils of South Western Nigeria

The effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on nitrate leaching and contamination of underground and surface waters in a continuously cropped lowland area of South Western Nigeria has indicated a high potential for nitrate leaching.

The Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Growth and Yield of Rice Seedlings Raised in The Plastic Pot Type Nursery Box.

The Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Growth and Yield of Rice Seedlings Raised in The Plastic Pot Type Nursery Box.

Physiological and ecological characteristics of sugarcane field weeds in the Ryukyu Islands. 8. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on growth and seed production of Rottboellia exaltata L.f. and Solanum alatum Moench.

The effect of nitrogen fertilization on growth and seed production was evaluated for Rottboellia exaltata L. f., and Solanum alatum MOENCH., at 0, 10, 20 and 40kg/10a. The results are summarized as follows:1. In Rottboellia the plant height decreased as the amount of nitrogen application was increased. The value was largest in the N-0 treatment at 90 days after seeding. In Solanum the plant lenght increased with increasing nitrogen application reaching a maximum in the N-40 treatment at 100 days after seeding (Fig. 1).2. In Rottboellia the total dry weight started increasing rapidly at 30 days after seeding but the increase became less at 90 days after seeding. The value was largest in the N-20 treatment at 120 days after seeding. In Solanum the total dry weight started increasing rapidly at 60 days after seeding and then started decreasing at 90 days after seeding. The maximum value was reached in the N-20 treatment at 90 days after seeding (Fig. 2).3. In both Rottboellia and Solanum, the dry weight percentage allocation of spike, fruit and flower increased at higher nitrogen levels, while the dry weight percentage allocation of root, stem and leaf decreased as the amount of nitrogen application was increased (Fig. 3).4. In Rottboellia the leaf area increased with increasing nitrogen application reaching a maximum in the N-20 treatment at 120 days after seeding. In Solanum the leaf area reached a maximum in the N-40 treatment at 90 days after seeding and then decreased at a fast rate (Fig. 4).5. In Rottboellia heading was delayed slightly in the N-40 treatment and in Solanum flowering was delayed significantly in the N-40 treatment. In both Rottboellia and Solanum the values of spike, fruit and flower were largest in the N-20 treatment (Table 1).

The Soil Characteristics and Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on the Rice in the Rotational Paddy Field in Hachirogata Reclamation Area

The Soil Characteristics and Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on the Rice in the Rotational Paddy Field in Hachirogata Reclamation Area

Quantifying the effect of nitrogen fertilizer applications in spring on white clover content in perennial ryegrass‐white clover swards

AbstractData are presented for the fourth (1979) and fifth (1980) harvest years of a trial in which four levels of N fertilizer (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg N ha−1) were applied each spring to swards with grass (perennial ryegrass cv. Barlenna) and each one of four cultivars of while clover (Blanca, Sabeda, Olwen and S100) or grass alone. Results from the first three years have been published.Dry matter (DM) harvested dropped from the fourth to fifth years over all swards by 1 −5 to 2 0 t ha−1 but response to N was maintained (17.4 and 24.4 kg DM (kgN)−l in response to 90 kg N ha−1 in 1979 and 1980 respectively) despite reductions in summer yields relative to unfertilized swards. Blanca swards produced significantly less DM harvested than all other cultivars in 1979 and all cultivars in 1980 except for Olwen. Clover DM harvested continued to fall from 1977, the mean for the unfertilized treatment in 1980 being 55% of that in 1979. Up to 1980 Sabeda swards produced more clover DM harvested than Blanca swards. Linear regressions between annual clover content at zero N and at each spring N level for each sward type over 5 harvest years were very highly significant. It is concluded that all cultivars used responded similarly to spring N. Further work to develop a method for predicting the effect of spring N on clover content of given swards is required.

Yield, quality and nitrogen fertilizer recovery of standard and semi-dwarf spring wheat as affected by sowing date and fertilizer rate

SUMMARYBecause of environmental and economic constraints, we need to determine the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on nutrient availability and fertilizer recovery, especially in regions of limited rainfall. This study was conducted to provide information on effects of N rate on yields and N recovery by standard and semi-dwarf spring wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) sown at two dates.Ammonium nitrate was applied to spring wheat at rates up to 272 kg N/ha each year for 4 consecutive years. Only grain was removed from the plot at harvest. Wheat types did not differ in grain yields, but these yields were significantly reduced in 2 of 4 years by late sowing. Average grain yields for late sowing were greatest at 34 kg N/ha, but yields for early sowing approached maximum at the 68 kg N for semi-dwarf wheat and 136 kg N/ha for the standard wheat.Semi-dwarf wheat was lower than standard wheat in grain and flour protein concentration and baking absorption. Late sowing (May 30) reduced test weights, flour yield and baking absorption, but increased wheat protein concentration as compared with early sowing (April 30). Leaching of fertilizer N below the 90 cm depth ranged from 152 to 378 kg/ha at the 272 kg N/ha/year rate, and was greater for the late than for the early sowing. Fertilizer N that could be accounted for averaged 87 and 82% for early and late seeding respectively. Water-use efficiency was reduced by late sowing.Soil-water extraction by wheat to the 120 cm depth was greater for high N rates.These 4-year results showed that semi-dwarf and standard wheats had only slight differences in total grain production. Also, for efficient use of applied fertilizer and available soil water, wheat should be sown in the spring as soon as soil and weather conditions permit.

Use of chemical assessment of quality in the economics of tea production in Malawi

AbstractThe effect of nitrogen fertiliser application on the price of teas made in Malawi is quantified through the intermediate relationships of applied nitrogen upon shoot flavanol composition, and between manufactured tea theaflavin content and price. Combining the effect of fertiliser on price and yield allows estimates of the economically optimum level of application to be made. The effects of variations in physical relationships and of prices of tea and fertiliser are assessed.

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Chemical Composition of Lowland Brown Rice

Investigations have been carried out to determine the effect of nitrogen dressings, i.e. basal dressing (N: 5, 10 and 20 g/m2), topdressing at panicle formation stage (N: 4 g/m2) and topdressing at full heading stage (N: 4 g/m2), on the protein, fat, ash, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium contents of lowland brown rice. The results indicated that the ash, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium contents on dry matter basis decreased and the phosphorus, potassium and magnesium contents in ash increased with increasing the amount of basal dressing. With respect to the application of topdressing at panicle formation stage, it was shown that the fat content increased and the ash, phosphorus and magnesium contents decreased on dry matter basis and the phosphorus and potassium contents increased in ash. The application of topdressing at full heading stage gave the increase of the protein content and the decrease of the fat, ash and potassium contents on dry matter basis.

Dry Matter Production and its Process in Orchardgrass Sward : 3. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application

Dry Matter Production and its Process in Orchardgrass Sward : 3. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application