Effect Of New Type Research Articles

Influence of different types of polypropylene fibre on the mechanical properties of high-strength oil palm shell lightweight concrete

This study aims to investigate the use of various polypropylene (PP) fibres with different aspect ratio and geometry to enhance the mechanical properties of oil palm shell fibre-reinforced lightweight concrete. The volume fractions (Vf) of 0.25%, 0.375% and 0.5% were studied for each fibre. As various PP fibres were added into oil palm shell fibre reinforced concrete, the marginal density reduction was reported. The effectiveness of new types of PP fibres to increase the compressive strength at later ages was more pronounced than at early age. It is found that low volume fractions of polypropylene twisted bundle (PPTB) fibres are more effective in improving the flexural strength of OPS concrete compared to its splitting tensile strength. The average modulus of elasticity (E value) is obtained to be 13.4GPa for all mixes, which is higher than the values reported in previous studies. An increase in the percentage third load compressive strength of 0.5% PPTB fibre of up to 11% was reported. Hence, this new types of PP fibres is a promising alternative solution to compensate lower mechanical properties for lightweight concrete.

Experimental Study on Pavement Performances of SBP Modified Asphalt

In order to study the effectiveness of new type modified asphalt additive SBP on pavement performance of asphalt mixture, the experiments were carried out to evaluate the mixing and compaction temperature, high-temperature stability and water stability of SBP modified asphalt mixture. The high-temperature stability of the SBP modified asphalt mortar was studied by DSR. The heating temperature of mineral aggregate and the asphalt mixture mixing temperature and compacted temperature were determined by three different temperature asphalt mixture SCB test, which were got SGC (Superpave Gyratory Compactor). The wheel tracking test of asphalt mixture was carried to evaluate the high-temperature stability and freeze-thaw split test were studied the water stability. Through the wheel tracking test and water stability test in harsh condition, the high-temperature stability and water stability was evaluated again. It can be concluded that SBP can improve the pavement performances of asphalt mixtures.

Droit et complexité

Law is one of the sciences of complexity and, as such, must be aware of such complexity. In this essay, the author explores this question and suggests methodological modifications regarding legal sciences so that they can deal with social complexity – which must not be taken as a synonym of complication. He demonstrates, as well, which would be the effects of new types of legal analyses for legal sciences, providing many examples in the field of Public and Administrative Law.

Promotional Effects of New Types of Additives on Fat Crystallization

We examined the promotional effects of additives on fat crystallization, such as inorganic (talc, carbon nanotube (CNT), and graphite) and organic (theobromine, ellagic acid dihydrate (EAD), and terephthalic acid) materials. The triacylglycerols (TAGs) of trilauroylglycerol (LLL), trimyristoylglycerol (MMM), and tripalmitoylglycerol (PPP) were employed as the fats. The additives (1 wt%) were added to the molten TAGs, and then the mixtures were cooled at a rate of 1°C/min followed by heating at a rate of 5°C/min. The crystallization and melting properties were observed using differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and polarized optical microscope (POM). Consequently, we found that the above six additives remarkably increased the initial temperatures of crystallization (Ti) on cooling without changing the melting temperatures. For example, in the case of LLL, the increases in Ti were 2.6°C (talc), 3.9°C (CNT), 8.1°C (graphite), 1.1°C (theobromine), 2.0°C (EAD), and 6.8°C (terephthalic acid). Very similar effects were observed for the crystallization of MMM and PPP with the six additives. Furthermore, the polymorphs of the first occurring crystals were changed from metastable to more stable forms by many of these additives. The POM observation revealed that the crystallization was initiated at the surfaces of additive particles. This study has shown for the first time that the heterogeneous nucleation of fat crystals can be greatly promoted by new types of additives. Such additives have great potential to promote fat crystallization by not only hydrophobic but also hydrophilic molecular interactions between the fats and additives.

Effect of new type of compression garments on sub-maximal and maximal cycling performance in the heat (32 °C)

This study investigated the effect of compression garments (X) on cycling performance in the heat (32 °C) and tested the hypothesis that X would not negatively affect cycling performance in the heat by comparing X and traditional cycling garments (C). Seven amateur cyclists and triathletes performed an incremental test followed by 20 min cycling performance test at a power that elicited the subject’s pre-determined 80 % of ventilator threshold and then a time to exhaustion (TTE) at VO2max power (PPO) for both X condition and C condition (randomized). Oxygen uptake (VO2) and heart rate were collected during steady state of sub-maximal intensity, TTE was taken at the end of maximal aerobic intensity and rating of perceived exertion, thermal and sweating sensation were provided every 5 min during the test. All parameters were compared between X and C; no significant differences (p < 0.05) were found, so the initial hypothesis was confirmed.

ASBMR 2012 Report. Meeting report on the ASBMR. The battle between new and old medicine for the treatment of osteoporosis

ASBMR meeting 2012 had been held in Minneapolis, Minnesota from October 12 to 15, 2012. The effects of new type of medicine for the treatment of osteoporosis were presented and also some members reported the effect of the combination therapy. New question was provided.

201 AZELNIDIPINE SUPPRESSED SYMPATHETIC ACTIVATION BY HAND-GRIP EXERCISE IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS

Objectives: Dilatation and contraction of pupil can reflect the sympathetic and parasympathetic activation. In the present study, effects of new type of calcium antagonist, azelnidipine on hemodynamic and sympathetic changes during hand-grip exercise were compared with those of amlodipine in hypertensive patients using pupil function test. Methods: Hypertensive patients treated with azelnidipine (AZ, n=23) and amlodipine (AM, n=20) as control group were enrolled in this study. Blood pressure, pulse rate, iris function and LF/HF were measured before and after hand-grip exercise by 70% of maximal grasp power. Results: Blood pressure of AM and AZ were elevated during hand-grip exercise. Pulse rate of AM (before; 67.6±9.4/min., after; 72.7±10.0/min.) showed significant elevation by hand-grip exercise (p<0.001). In contrast to AM, AZ showed no changes of pulse rate (before; 66.4±8.2/min., after; 68.1±9.3/min.). AM showed increase of velocity of miosis from 3.5±1.2ms to 4.6±1.9ms by hand-grip exercise (p=0.009). Velocity of iris contraction at rest (3.5±0.8ms) was no difference from that after exercise (3.5±0.9ms) in AZ. Velocity of midriasis was 1.8±0.7ms at rest and 2.7±1.0ms after exercise in AM (p<0.01). In contrast to AM, velocity of midriasis was 1.6±0.4ms at rest and 1.8±0.5ms after exercise in AZ. There was no difference between value before and after exercise. LF/HF in AM was increased by hand-grip exercise from 2.2±0.5 to 4.9±1.0 (p=0.009), but not in AZ (at rest 3.5±0.6, after exercise 3.1±0.5). Conclusions: AZ showed suppressive effect on sympathetic and parasympathetic activation by handgrip exercise in comparison with AM.

Increase in knowledge about the European Union in political education lessons: Results of an intervention study

The present study examined predictions of increased learning effectiveness in connection with WebQuest as a self-instructional learning environment in the context of political education. Analyses were based on the data of 502 students from nineth- and tenth-grade classes from middle-track (German: Realschulen) and high-track (German: Gymnasien) German secondary schools. In the framework of the TEESAEC project, lessons employing WebQuest were compared with teacher-directed lessons in a total of 22 classes. This study does not support the effectiveness of new types of teaching methods in comparison to traditional teaching methods. While girls clearly profited more from the lesson series than boys, there was no substantial influence of sex on prior knowledge. Adolescents with a Turkish migration background performed considerably poorer and those with a southern European background somewhat poorer in the pre-test than adolescents without a migration background. With regard to political interest, it was found that while interest in politics in Germany exerted a positive influence on prior knowledge, specific interest in European politics did not explain any unique variance. Pupils may generally profit from parents' cultural capital and too little from political education lessons. The results of the study suggest that motivation and academic self-concept represent factors that are more important than the specific methods applied when it comes to lesson efficiency.

Automatic segmentation of in-vivo intra-coronary optical coherence tomography images to assess stent strut apposition and coverage

The implantation of intracoronary stents is currently the standard approach for the treatment of coronary atherosclerotic disease. The widespread adoption of this technology has boosted an intensive research activity in this domain, with continuous improvements in the design of these devices, aiming at reducing problems of restenosis (re-narrowing of the stented segment) and thrombosis (sudden occlusion due to thrombus formation). Recently, a new, light-based intracoronary imaging modality, optical coherence tomography (OCT), was developed and introduced into clinical practice. Due to its very high axial resolution (10-15μm), it allows for in vivo evaluation of both stent strut apposition and neointima coverage (a marker of healing of the treated segment). As such, it provides valuable information on proper stent deployment, on the behaviour of different stent types in-vivo and on the effect of new types of stents (e.g. drug-eluting stents) on vessel wall healing. However, the major drawback of the current OCT methodology is that analysis of these images requires a tremendous amount of-currently manual-post-processing. In this manuscript, an algorithm is presented that allows for fully automated analysis of stent strut apposition and coverage in coronary arteries. The vessel lumen and stent struts are automatically detected and segmented through analysis of the intensity profiles of the A-lines. From these data, apposition and coverage can then be measured automatically. The algorithm was validated using manual assessments by two experienced operators as a reference. High Pearson's correlation coefficients were found (R=0.96-0.97) between the automated and manual measurements while Bland-Altman analysis showed no significant bias with good limits of agreement. As such, it was shown that the presented algorithm provides a robust and fast tool to automatically estimate apposition and coverage of stent struts in in-vivo OCT pullbacks. This will be important for the integration of this technology in clinical routine and for the analysis of datasets of larger clinical trials.

Clinical effect of newtype of short section pedicle of vertebral arch nail system on patients with thoracolumbarfracture

：Objective To explore theclinical effect of one new type of short section pedicle of vertebral arch nailsystem(internal fixation system by nail-stick) on patients with thoracolumbarfracture.Methods 68 patients with thoracolumbar fracture were selected.Internal fixationsystem by nail-stick was used on the patients with thoracolumbar fracture,the clinicaleffect was observed.Results After following up for six to eighteen months,the vertebralheight was measured by X-ray.The anterior edge height of the vertebral was 47% beforeoperation and 94% after operation,the posterior edge height of the vertebral was 76%before operation and 97% after operation,there was significant difference betweenpreoperation and post operation(P<0.01).All the cases with AF intemal fixation systemhad better clinical effect,18 cases had satisfactory effect.Except that the neurologicaldeficits of 4 cases had not been improved,those of the other cases all had been imprevedat some degree.Conclusion Thoracolumbar fracture should be treated early,AF imtermalfixation system has significant effect on the thoracolumbar fracture,the skilledperformance is important during the operation,and contraindications of internal fixationsystem by nail-stick should be noticed.

Biorelease Multinutrient Fertilizers for High-altitude Agriculture

Abstract We studied the effect of new types of slow-release micronutrient fertilizers on crop production in the Himalaya. These were biorelease fertilizers of zinc, iron, manganese, copper, boron, and molybdenum synthesized in a laboratory. Trials were conducted at Pithoragarh (1240 m), Kumaon Himalaya, with radish (Raphanus sativus) followed by amaranthus (residual effect; Amaranthus blitum), and at Auli (2900 m), Garhwal Himalaya, with cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) and thereafter lahi (residual effect; Brassica rugosa). Increases in yields of radish of 61% and increases in its vitamin C content by 105% were observed with low dosages of micronutrients. The yield of cabbage also increased by 98%, and its vitamin C content increased by 46%. In the residual effect trial, lahi (a leafy vegetable) produced a remarkable 164% increase in yield that was statistically significant at a 1% level. Overall, the data suggest that biorelease fertilizers are very effective at low dosages. They would be pa...

Evolution of genomic imprinting with biparental care: implications for Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes.

The term “imprinted gene” refers to genes whose expression is conditioned by their parental origin. Among theories to unravel the evolution of genomic imprinting, the kinship theory prevails as the most widely accepted, because it sheds light on many aspects of the biology of imprinted genes. While most assumptions underlying this theory have not escaped scrutiny, one remains overlooked: mothers are the only source of parental investment in mammals. But, is it reasonable to assume that fathers' contribution of resources is negligible? It is not in some key mammalian orders including humans. In this research, I generalize the kinship theory of genomic imprinting beyond maternal contribution only. In addition to deriving new conditions for the evolution of imprinting, I have found that the same gene may show the opposite pattern of expression when the investment of one parent relative to the investment of the other changes; the reversion, interestingly, does not require that fathers contribute more resources than mothers. This exciting outcome underscores the intimate connection between the kinship theory and the social structure of the organism considered. Finally, the insight gained from my model enabled me to explain the clinical phenotype of Prader-Willi syndrome. This syndrome is caused by the paternal inheritance of a deletion of the PWS/AS cluster of imprinted genes in human Chromosome 15. As such, children suffering from this syndrome exhibit a striking biphasic phenotype characterized by poor sucking and reduced weight before weaning but by voracious appetite and obesity after weaning. Interest in providing an evolutionary explanation to such phenotype is 2-fold. On the one hand, the kinship theory has been doubted as being able to explain the symptoms of patients with Prader-Willi. On the other hand, the post-weaning symptoms remain as one of the primary concern of pediatricians treating children with Prader-Willi. In this research, I reconcile the clinical phenotype of Prader-Willi syndrome with the kinship theory, contending that paternal investment relative to maternal investment increases after weaning. I also propose a genetic composition of the PWS/AS cluster, discuss the effects of new types of mutations, and contemplate the potential side effects of reactivating silent genes for medical purposes.

Results of acoustic emission tests of corrosion protection degree of ship steel tanks covered by means of protective coatings (Phase I)

This paper presents methods and results of the 1st series of tests of acoustic emission (AE) signals, aimed at assessing degree of corrosion protection of a tank made of hull structural steel, protected by means of a protective coating combined from polyurethane layer and concrete filler. The tests were carried out in compliance with a method specially elaborated for application to the work in question. In the method were used requirements of the standards in force, as well as experience gained during realization of the research project CORRSHIP, included in 5th Frame Program of European Union. The application of the AE method to detect and localize corrosion sources during exposure of specimens to corrosive mixture confirmed its high usefulness for the carried-out tests on corrosion protection effectiveness of new types of protective coatings.

The Application of Antitrust and Fraud-and-Abuse Law to Specialty Hospitals

The recent growth of specialty hospitals in the health care industry represents a significant departure from the way in which most hospital care is currently provided. While medical practice is highly fragmented, hospital care has traditionally been an integrated service–typically a large facility handles most medical treatments and provides a wide array of services for patients. Single specialty hospitals present a different form of hospital care that channels certain medical specialties and treatments into distinct hospitals, each devoted to particular sets of patients. The laws regulating health care must adapt to such changes in the provision of health care. Under current standards, fraud-and-abuse laws fail to address adequately the new challenges that specialty hospitals present to self-referral enforcement. The traditional application of antitrust laws may overlook the procompetitive effects of new types of transactions and agreements involving specialty hospitals, and, simultaneously, these laws may fail to protect the public effectively against some of the anticompetitive advantages that each type of hospital has over another. The rapid proliferation of specialty hospitals in the health care market demands evaluation of these issues now. This Note argues that the existence of specialty hospitals raises issues that are not covered by current antitrust and antifraud legislation, yet must be addressed in the interests of the health care industry. Part II presents the current status of fraud-and-abuse laws regulating health care, with particular attention to self-referral regulations. Part III similarly seeks to outline the status quo of antitrust policy and enforcement in the health care industry. Part IV explains what single specialty hospitals are, and what advantages and disadvantages they present to the health care industry, focusing primarily on fraud and antitrust issues. Part V addresses particular instances and ways in which antitrust and fraud-and-abuse laws interact in the context of specialty hospitals. Part V first focuses on general conflicts between regulation and competition by providing three specific examples of such interaction: payment-for-performance theories, industry reactions to specialty hospital competition, and certificate of need (“CON”) laws as a direct regulation of hospital care. Part V then examines specialty hospitals in terms of general health policy goals and nonprice features of competition. Finally, Part VI proposes possible solutions to some of the problems presented in earlier parts, including specific changes to the self-referral amendments and strict enforcement of antitrust laws in the specialty hospital subsector of the health care industry.

In vitro Antibacterial Activities of New Fluoroquinolones against Clinical Isolates of Haemophilus influenzae with Ciprofloxacin-Resistance-Associated Alterations in GyrA and ParC

Background: The in vitro antimicrobial activities of new fluoroquinolones were tested against quinolone-resistant Haemophilus influenzae of clinical isolates. Methods: The nucleotide sequences of the gyrA and parC genes from three ciprofloxacin-resistant strains of Haemophilus influenzae (MIC, 1.56–6.25 µg/ml) were determined. The gyrase was purified from the clinical isolates, and the inhibitory activities of quinolones against the enzyme were tested. Results: These strains possessed at least one amino acid substitution in each of the GyrA (asparagine at residue 88 (Asp-88) to Tyr, Ser-84 to Leu or Ser-84 to Leu and Asp-88 to Asn) and ParC (Glu-88 to Lys). The antibacterial activity of olamufloxacin against the resistant strains was most potent compared with other quinolones, and the inhibitory activities correlated with quinolone resistance of these strains. Conclusions: These results warrant the clinical effects of new types of fluoroquinolones, such as olamufloxacin, against respiratory tract and otolaryngology infections caused by ciprofloxacin-resistant H. influenzae.

A NEW KIND THERAPY OF ENDOMETRIOSIS USE A NOVEL BIOMATERIAL GLUE

Endometriosis, a disease that affects the physical health and emotional well-being of many women of reproductive age, is defined as the presence of endometrial tissue outside its normal location in the uterus. Treatment options include expectant management, hormonal therapies to suppress ovarian steroidogenesis and induce endometrial atrophy and surgery to remove visible lesions or, as a last resort, the uterus and ovaries. Although treatment methods have improved considerably in recent years, but cure women with unexplained pelvic pain or infertility that may he refer for further evaluation. In our present study, we examined the growth-inhibitory effect of new type of biological glue of poly(glycolic acid), or PGA on endometriosis during endoscopic surgery. Using DNA fragmentation analysis by agarose gel electrophoresis, and cellular viability change was assessed by staining nuclei of cells with propidium iodide, or PI, and apoptosis assays using mitochondrial stain, nonyl acridine or, orange is reported to hind to cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Its fluorescence decreases as cardiolipin becomes oxidized or otherwise altered during apoptosis. Our found that the new type of biological glue of PGA induced apoptosis in cultured primary endomerial epithelial cells. This is the first study to show that new type of biological glue of PGA directly inhibits cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis, and we suggest that this new type of biological glue may be applicable for endometriosis therapy.Figure 1: Caption Not Available.

Is there an increased risk of stroke associated with oral contraceptives?

In the last few years several studies were published about the relationship between oral contraceptive use, estrogen dose, different types of progestogens, cigarette smoking and the risk of stroke. There is a persistent association between the use of oral contraceptives containing more than 50microg of ethinylestradiol and the risk of stroke. Also, cigarette smoking seems to be a strong additive risk factor, especially in women >35 years old even with lower doses (< or =30microg) of estrogen. Unlike oral contraceptives containing >50microg of estrogen, currently there is no convincing evidence that the use of oral contraceptives containing <50microg in the absence of smoking is associated with any meaningful increase in the risk of ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke. Progestogen-only pills are not associated with an increased risk of stroke. A specific type of progestogen in combined pills was associated with an increased risk of stroke in a few studies. Data regarding this issue is, however, inconsistent and controversial and needs further investigation. There were few if any studies that have addressed the effects of new types of progestogens (i.e. norgestimate, norgestrel or gestodene) and formulations containing 20microg of ethinylestradiol. At the present time we find no reason to alter the current practice in prescribing oral contraceptives. We do concede, however, that there might be a slight causal relationship between use of oral contraceptives containing <50microg of ethinylestradiol and stroke that did not reach statistical significance. This relationship is rare and should be viewed in context with the many benefits of oral contraceptives. Underlying risk factors for stroke such as factor V Leiden mutation and other thrombophilias might explain the role of oral contraceptive-induced stroke.

Children and Media: On Growth and Gaps

This essay argues that there is far too little research on the effects of new types of media programming and formats on children. In fact, the gap between the research base and production and policy issues appears to be widening. The essay advocates use of the developmental research model to study media effects on children. More specifically, researchers should focus more on the neuropsychological effects of format characteristics and viewing styles of children.

The effects of antiarrhythmic drugs on the signal-averaged electrocardiogram in patients with malignant ventricular arrhythmias

Late potentials arise from areas of slowly depolarizing myocardium and may represent the substrate for sustained VTs. Because they may be recorded from the body surface using signal-averaging techniques, they represent a noninvasive marker for potential malignant ventricular arrhythmias. The effects of antiarrhythmic drugs on the SAECG and late potentials are reviewed in this article. Unfortunately, there is no SAECG parameter (either total QRS, late potential, or frequency content) that appears to be useful in predicting drug efficacy. However, there are type-specific changes in global ventricular activation that can be quantified by the SAECG. These changes may be useful in categorizing the effects of new type I antiarrhythmic drugs. The effects of antiarrhythmic drugs on tachycardia cycle length are complex and probably represent combined effects of the drug on conduction and refractoriness. Such changes cannot be reliably categorized by the SAECG. Medical therapy of sustained VTs cannot be guided by the SAECG.

Inhibitory effects of new types of biflavonoid-related polyphenols; lophirone A and lophiraic acid, on some tumor promoter-induced biological responses in vitro and in vivo

Lophirone A, isolated as a new type of biflavonoid-related inhibitor of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) activation, was tested for further inhibitory properties against tumor promotion by short-term systems. Lophirone A (200 μg) significantly inhibited inflammation of mouse ear (inhibitory effect (IE) = 70%) by 12-O-hexadecanoyl-16-hydroxyphorbol-13-acetate (HHPA, 2 μg). It also inhibited both Ca 2+- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase C (PKC) activation by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA, IC 50 = 50 μM). Application of lophirone A (160 nmol) reduced the number of tumors per mouse (IE = 85%) in an initiation-promotion experiment using dimethylbenz[ a]anthracene (DMBA, 0.19 μmol) and TPA (1.6 nmol) on ICR mouse skin. Lophiraic acid, a related polyphenol, was negative in all of the short-term tests. An important chemical factor which may reduce the activities of flavonoid class of inhibitors for tumor promotion was indicated.