Negative Emotional Consequences Research Articles

Actions matter more than words: From leader hypocrisy to employee withdrawal

AbstractLeader hypocrisy refers to perceptions of a leader's word–deed misalignment. This study explores the mechanisms underlying the relationship between leader hypocrisy and psychological withdrawal as an indicator of nonprofit employees' disengagement from work. We propose that leader hypocrisy indirectly relates to employees' psychological withdrawal behaviors by influencing the quality of their relationships (leader‐member exchange [LMX]) with their leaders. Within this mechanism, we differentiate two routes that can lead followers' perceptions of leader hypocrisy to LMX: trust in the leader and negative emotions. Data were gathered from 182 employees working in a variety of nonprofit organizations (NPOs) in two waves. The findings support the indirect effect of leader hypocrisy on psychological withdrawal through trust in the leader and LMX. However, the mediating effect of negative emotions was not supported as the direct path from negative emotions to LMX was not significant. By adding a direct path, the alternative model demonstrated that when employees perceive their leader as a hypocrite, negative emotions can directly create psychological withdrawal rather than influencing withdrawal through impairing relationship quality perceptions.

Effect of negative emotions in consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic: A study from Peru.

The research examines the negative consumer emotions generated by the perception of social networks or traditional media with consumer behavior during the covid_19 pandemic. The study was developed in Peru with a sample of 220 consumers; the design is quantitative and structural equations were used for data processing. The results indicate that social networks and traditional media are not related to negative emotions, but are related to the change in consumer behavior in the purchase of more products and new products. The research has theoretical implications since it provides evidence to the literature that the negative emotions generated during the covid_19 pandemic are related to changes in consumer behavior, which affect the purchase of more products and new products. The practical implications of the research is for businessmen on the causes of changes in consumer behavior generated during crises. like the COVID-19 pandemic.

부부 간의 애착 손상이 외상 후 성장에 미치는 영향: 긍정 및 부정 감정의 매개 효과를 중심으로

The purpose of this study is to verify the mediating effect of positive and negative emotion in the posttraumatic growth relationship of attachment injury between couples, and to find an intervention plan to improve posttraumatic growth. For this purpose, a survey was conducted from January to March 2022, and a total of 311 questionnaires were analyzed. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 24.0 programes. As a result of the study, First, attachment injury and posttraumatic growth showed a positive correlation, attachment injury and positive emotions showed a negative correlation, and attachment injury and negative emotions showed a positive correlation. Second, it was found that positive emotions and posttraumatic growth showed a positive correlation. Third, it was verified that positive emotion have a partial mediating effect in the relationship between attachment injury and posttraumatic growth. These findings suggested the need to improve posttraumatic growth by promoting positive emotions for couples who have experienced attachment injury. In addition, it can be seen that it provides theoretical and practical implications for marital relations improvement programs and marital counseling for couples with divorce choices and marital conflicts as adults in the life cycle.

GAMBARAN SELF ESTEEM PADA ANAK SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA SEBAGAI UPAYA PENCEGAHAN BULLYING DI SMP NEGERI 15 KOTA BENGKULU

A person's opinion of their ability to sustain whatever they want, expressed as agreement or disagreement with their attitudes and beliefs that they are capable, significant, successful, and valued, is known as self esteem. To be able to support self-actualization, the ultimate desire in human life, one must have self esteem. Bullying produces a range of negative physical, psychological and emotional effects, including mental distress, psychological trauma, fear, insecurity and resentment. It also decreases students' learning motivation, concentration, creativity, initiative, and (mental) endurance. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of self esteem in junior high school children as an effort to prevent bullying at SMP Negeri 15 Bengkulu City. This research is quantitative descriptive research. The study population was 291 people, the sample taken was 74 people with stratified random sampling used as a sampling method, and a questionnaire. The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire sheet describing self esteem using the Rosenberg Self Esteem Questionnaire (RSES). The results of this study indicate that most students and female students have high self esteem, namely 54 respondents with a percentage of 73%, while low self esteem is 20 respondents with a percentage of 27%. Most of the respondents are in the high self esteem category. Children who have positive thinking, feel valuable, meaningful, and helpful are children who seek fulfillment or strong self-esteem, so they do not oppress others, and can stop oppressing themselves.

SOCIAL MEDIA AND THE INCIDENCE OF CYBERBULLYING IN NIGERIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR CREATING A SAFER ONLINE ENVIRONMENT

Social media has become an integral part of communication and information sharing worldwide, including Nigeria. However, despite its benefits, social media platforms also pose risks, with cyberbullying emerging as a prevalent and concerning issue. This article reviews incidence, forms, consequences, and approaches to promoting safer online environments in Nigeria. Using a qualitative research design, a comprehensive literature review and thematic analysis of secondary sources were conducted. The findings revealed that cyberbullying is prevalent in Nigeria and exists in various forms such as outing, trickery, trolling, and verbal and visual/sexual cyberbullying. Meanwhile, the phenomenon has negative emotional and psychological consequences. The review highlights the lack of awareness and understanding of cyberbullying among stakeholders, leading to the underestimation and underreporting of incidents. This emphasizes the need for specific policies and comprehensive preventive measures. While the current legislation addresses certain aspects of cyberbullying, a dedicated policy on cyberbullying management is lacking. To promote safer online environments, this study suggests involving various stakeholders and developing tailored prevention and intervention strategies. This includes educating students and staff on cyberbullying, implementing reporting mechanisms, and providing support systems. Further research is needed to explore the role of social media platforms in cyberbullying experiences, involvement of technology companies and stakeholders, and effective strategies for prevention and intervention.

Modalități de dezvoltare a abilităților de comunicare la elevii din familii vulnerabile

Within families affected by socio-economic and cultural disadvantage, proper communication situations are infrequent or likely to trigger negative emotional effects. Children growing up in such families are less involved in communicative activities with their parents and may be emotionally inhibited, thus causing mothers to complain about the youngsters’ passivity (Piff, Moskowitz, 2018). Researchers have put forward several methods for preparing parents in disadvantaged families to optimize verbal communication with their children as well as to improve parent-teacher communication. In order to manage the quality of communication in the case of families vulnerable due to socio-economic and cultural disadvantage, pre-school staff, teachers, speech therapists, and school counselors should establish personalized programs meant to develop the communicative abilities of both parents and children

The effects of positive and negative emotionality on creative self-efficacy: the case of hotel business employees

Individual and organizational factors affect employees' creative self-efficacy (CSE). According to the employees' positive emotionality (PE) and negative emotionality (NE), their CSE also differs. In this context, the research’s primary purpose is to examine the relationship between emotional states and the CSE of hotel employees. As a result of correlation analysis, a positive and significant relationship was determined between PE and CSE. A negative and significant relationship was found between an NE and CSE. As a result of the regression analysis, it was determined that the emotional state of the employees significantly affected CSE. As a result of the independent samples t-test, the employees’ CSE does not differ significantly regarding gender and marital status. As a result of the ANOVA test, the CSE of the employees does not differ significantly according to age and working department. However, CSE significantly differs according to the employees' education status and working time.

Daily stigma and daily emotional well-being among people living with HIV: Testing a buffering hypothesis of social support during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This study examined the relationship between daily perceived stigma and daily emotional well-being among people living with HIV/AIDS during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, a buffering effect of perceived emotional support on this relationship was verified. The participants were 133 patients with a medically confirmed diagnosis of HIV infection. Data were collected using online diaries completed every evening for five consecutive weekdays in three bursts separated by 6months. Dynamic multilevel analyses showed a significant positive autoregressive effect for daily stigma in each burst. Additionally, increased stigma predicts increased negative affect and decreased positive affect the next day. However, these effects differed across bursts. Thus, to some extent, daily HIV/AIDS stigma was found to predict a decrease in affective well-being the next day. The buffering effect of perceived emotional support reduced this decline but was also time-limited, probably because of the later established direction in these relationships at the individual level and/or because of changes in the course of the pandemic. The results provide insights on the role of daily stigma in shaping affective well-being, suggesting that it may be a significant source of short-term negative emotional consequences for PWLH.

The determinants of abusive supervision

Purpose On the basis of affective events theory, this study aims to examine the connection between work-related events (i.e. supervisor role ambiguity and role conflicts) and abusive supervision via emotion (i.e. supervisor frustration). This study also examines the moderating role of supervisor personality traits (i.e. neuroticism and conscientiousness). Design/methodology/approach This study collected lagged and multisource field data (472 subordinates and supervisors dyads) from the service organizations. Findings The data collected supported majority of this study’s hypothesized relationships regarding determinants of abusive supervision. Practical implications This study underlines what triggers supervisor abuse. This study also enables organizations with the intervention opportunity to reduce the effects of supervisor role ambiguity, role conflict, negative emotions and personality on triggering abusive supervision. Originality/value Prior research on abusive supervision has extensively focused on its outcomes, leaving a noteworthy research gap about what triggers abusive supervision. To fill this important gap in leadership literature, this study proposed and tested a research model of determinants of supervisor abuse. Thus, this study contributes to leadership and abusive supervision research. Implications and future research directions are discussed.

Addressing Moral Distress After Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization : A Professional Virtues-Based Approach.

The June 2022 U.S. Supreme Court decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization abolished federal protections for reproductive choice. In states where subsequent legislation has restricted or banned access to abortion services, physicians and trainees are prevented from providing ethically justified evidence-based care when patients with previable pregnancies are seeking an abortion. Pregnant patients' vulnerabilities, stress, and the undue burden that they experience when prevented from acting in accordance with their reproductive decision-making can evoke negative emotional consequences, including moral distress in clinicians. Moral distress occurs when clinicians feel a moral compulsion to act a certain way but cannot do so because of external constraints, including being hindered by state laws that curtail practicing in line with professional standards on reproductive health care. Moral distress has the potential to subvert prudent clinical judgment. The authors provide recommendations for managing moral distress in these circumstances based on the professional virtues. The fundamental professional virtues of integrity, compassion, self-effacement, self-sacrifice, and humility inform the management of moral distress and how to respond thoughtfully and compassionately, without over-identification or indifference to the plight of patients denied abortions. The authors also discuss the role of academic leaders and medical educators in cultivating a virtue-based professional culture at the forefront of clinical and educational processes in a post- Dobbs world.

Modeling the value-based decision to consume alcohol in response to emotional experiences.

Evidence for negative reinforcement of alcohol use is mixed; one possible explanation for this is that people make value-based decisions whether to regulate their emotions via alcohol or an alternative, and only drink-to-cope when alcohol's reinforcing value is larger than that of available alternatives. If this is the case, immediately following a negative emotional event, the value for alcohol should increase primarily in heavy drinkers, whereas in light drinkers, alternative ways of coping should be valued. We conducted a preregistered online experiment (N = 200) with a mixed design (between: heavy vs. light drinker; within: negative/neutral/positive mood induction). In each of three experimental sessions, participants first provided value ratings for a set of alcohol and food stimuli. Second, they were subjected to a mood induction. Third, they made forced choices between either two alcohol or food stimuli. We then applied a drift-diffusion model to these data and tested whether alcohol- and food-related decision-making parameters are differentially affected following the mood inductions in heavy and light drinkers. In preregistered analyses, we found that heavy drinkers did not value alcohol more but valued food less after the negative mood induction. Exploratory analyses uncovered that both heavy- and light-drinking participants valued alcohol more following the negative mood induction if they reported high alcohol craving at the start of the session. Collectively, these results provide some evidence for the idea that drinking-to-cope might be a value-based decision-making process. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Students' regulation of anxiety and hope-A multilevel latent profile analysis.

Academic examinations are highly emotional for university students, making ER essential for preventing or reducing the negative consequences of negative emotions on well-being and academic performance. Initial theorizing and research suggest that flexibly applying combinations of strategies can promote successful ER. However, studies using intraindividual approaches to examine ER strategy use in specific contexts across multiple occasions, are lacking. Moreover, the combinations of strategies used by students within different contexts, and the adaptiveness of different strategies for regulating different emotions, remain unexplored. To address these gaps, we conducted an experience sampling study to identify patterns of students' momentary ER and to examine how context (achievement-related vs. nonachievement-related), emotions (anxiety vs. hope), and academic performance function as potential covariates. Over 200 university students rated their anxiety, hope, and use of eight ER strategies over a 7-day period, six times a day, prior to an important exam in 2016 and 2017. Results of a two-level latent profile analysis revealed distinct profiles of ER that differed on both levels. Intraindividually, ER patterns differed as a function of type of emotion and context experienced. More specifically, momentary use of multiple strategies tended to be associated with greater anxiety, while in the achievement context this association was reduced. Interindividually, students' tendencies to use different ER patterns were not related to test performance. Our findings suggest that ER strategy selection depends on both context and emotions, and advance ER research by considering intraindividual strategy use in concrete achievement situations. Yet the sample is not sufficiently representative. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Social Media and the Incidence of Cyberbullying in Nigeria: Implications for Creating a Safer Online Environment

Social media has become an integral part of communication and information sharing worldwide, including Nigeria. However, despite its benefits, social media platforms also pose risks, with cyberbullying emerging as a prevalent and concerning issue. This article reviews incidence, forms, consequences, and approaches to promoting safer online environments in Nigeria. Using a qualitative research design, a comprehensive literature review and thematic analysis of secondary sources were conducted. The findings revealed that cyberbullying is prevalent in Nigeria and exists in various forms such as outing, trickery, trolling, and verbal and visual/sexual cyberbullying. Meanwhile, the phenomenon has negative emotional and psychological consequences. The review highlights the lack of awareness and understanding of cyberbullying among stakeholders, leading to the underestimation and underreporting of incidents. This emphasizes the need for specific policies and comprehensive preventive measures. While the current legislation addresses certain aspects of cyberbullying, a dedicated policy on cyberbullying management is lacking. To promote safer online environments, this study suggests involving various stakeholders and developing tailored prevention and intervention strategies. This includes educating students and staff on cyberbullying, implementing reporting mechanisms, and providing support systems. Further research is needed to explore the role of social media platforms in cyberbullying experiences, involvement of technology companies and stakeholders, and effective strategies for prevention and intervention. Keywords: Cyberbullying, cybercrime, social media, trickery, trolling.

Focused on the negative: emotions and visuospatial attention in generalized anxiety disorder

ABSTRACT Global-local visuospatial attention is a core mechanism which highly affects the way we process our visuospatial environment. The current study aimed to examine the effect of negative emotions on global-local visuospatial processing in participants with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and in healthy controls (HCs). Participants performed two versions of the global-local-arrow task: they were asked to determine the direction (left or right) of the global arrow or of the local arrows that composed it, with or without emotional prime-cues. In the non-emotional task and in the neutral-valence condition of the emotional task, the GAD group did not differ from that of HCs – both groups exhibited a classic global processing bias (reactions to the global dimension were faster and less affected by the local dimension). In the negative-valence condition, global processing bias was only slightly reduced in HCs and almost completely eliminated in the GAD group. The results of the current study suggest that, in non-emotional conditions, global processing bias does not differ significantly between individuals with GAD and HCs. However, task-irrelevant negative cues were found to have a greater impact in reducing global bias for individuals with GAD compared to HCs. Potential implications are discussed.

Does childhood psychological maltreatment encourage you to become a cyberbullying perpetrator? The mediating role of negative affect and the moderating role of meaning in life.

With the development of information and communication technology, cyberbullying among Chinese college students has become more frequent, bringing many negative consequences to both society and students themselves. Childhood psychological maltreatment may be one of the influencing factors of cyberbullying, but its internal mechanism remains poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the relationship between childhood psychological maltreatment and cyberbullying among college students and to further explore the mediating effect of negative emotion and the moderating effect of meaning in life. In this study, 656 college students (48.7% males) were recruited to complete anonymous questionnaires assessing their perceptions of child psychological maltreatment, negative affect, meaning in life and cyberbullying. SPSS23.0 and Hayes PROCESS macro for SPSS were used to conduct statistical analysis. (1) Childhood psychological maltreatment was significantly positively associated with cyberbullying; (2) Negative affect played a partially mediating role between childhood psychological maltreatment and cyberbullying; and (3) Meaning in life moderated the direct association between childhood psychological maltreatment and cyberbullying and moderated the association between negative affect and cyberbullying. In this study, a moderated mediation model was constructed and the internal mechanism of childhood psychological maltreatment and cyberbullying among college students was found. The results provided both theoretical contributions and practical suggestions for preventing cyberbullying.

The relationship between negative parenting styles and suicidal ideation among Chinese junior middle school students: The roles of negative emotions and hope

AbstractSuicidal ideation is a prominent public health problem among junior middle school students. Previous researchers have explored the influence of parenting style on adolescents' suicidal ideation, but few researchers distinguished the influence of positive and negative parenting styles. The mediating effect of negative emotions between negative parenting styles and suicidal ideation and the moderating effect of hope among Chinese junior middle school students were focused on in this study. 877 junior middle school students in Hunan, Anhui, and Jiangxi provinces in China were investigated with the simplified Parenting Style Questionnaire, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, Children's Hope Scale, and Self‐rating Idea of Suicide Scale. The theoretical models were tested through the PROCESS macro for SPSS. The results showed that: (1) Negative parenting styles had positive effects on suicidal ideation. (2) Negative emotions mediated the relationship between negative parenting styles and suicidal ideation. (3) Hope moderated the relationship between negative emotions and suicidal ideation. This study implies that we could start by improving adolescents' negative parenting styles and raising their level of hope to prevent and intervene in adolescents' suicidal ideation.

The psychological impacts of content moderation on content moderators: A qualitative study

Content moderation generally refers to the practice of monitoring user generated content and applying a set of rules defining what is acceptable. As a result, Content Moderators (CMs) are responsible for reviewing and removing harmful online material, which has the potential to cause psychological harm. However, little is known about the perceived impacts of the job. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 commercial CMs who were exposed to child sexual abuse material (CSAM) as part of their job. Interviews were analysed using framework analysis to investigate any psychological impacts. Results demonstrated that CMs manifested with a range of symptoms consistent with experiencing repeated trauma. This included experiencing intrusive thoughts of CSAM, triggered by situations with similar contexts to those encountered at work, avoidance of children and negative cognitive and emotional effects such as cynicism, anxiety and detachment. These symptoms fit into a framework of post traumatic and secondary traumatic stress and suggest CMs wellbeing and exposure to stressful stimuli may be comparable to professionals working in the emergency services or caring professions, such as social workers. These personnel are at heightened risk of various problems including compassion fatigue, vicarious trauma and burnout. Companies which employ moderators should learn from these comparable professions and provide psychoeducation and trauma-informed care to CMs which have been demonstrated to help mitigate these challenges.

Examining Social Media Users’ Information Avoidance: An Integration of Cognitive Dissonance and Psychological Empowerment

As a passive information behavior, information avoidance (IA) may undermine the sustainable development of social media platforms. Previous research has focused on the enabling effect of negative cognitions and emotions on IA, and has seldom considered the inhibitors of IA. This research tries to fill the gap by integrating a dual perspective of both enablers and inhibitors. Drawing on the cognitive dissonance theory (CDT) and psychological empowerment theory (PET), this research examined social media users’ IA. We adopted a mixed method of structural equation modeling (SEM) and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to conduct data analysis. The results showed that social support (SS) and information quality (IQ) affect psychological empowerment (PE), which further inhibits IA. In contrast, social comparison (SC), and perceived overload (PO) affect cognitive dissonance, which leads to IA. The fsQCA results found three paths that trigger users’ IA. The results imply that social media platforms need to mitigate cognitive dissonance and enhance PE in order to prevent users’ IA. This research contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the development process of IA. The limitation is that the results need to be generalized to other samples, such as the elderly.

Re-conceptualizing the knowledge base for non-native language teachers to cope with negative emotions

When non-native speakers become second language teachers, emotions play a significant role in the teacher-learning process and throughout their professional lives. However, few teacher education programs explicitly relate emotions to teachers’ knowledge bases to improve their social-emotional skills. Due to the dynamic nature of a knowledge base, teachers can always take an inquiry stance to continuously examine their teaching practices and beliefs. Therefore, this paper takes an inquiry stance to discuss negative emotions in non-native language teachers’ narratives and how they can overcome the potentially negative effects of such emotions by reconceptualizing their personal knowledge base to reinforce the effects of positive emotions and minimize the effects of negative emotions in their teaching practice. As a preliminary study, it aims to raise awareness for teachers to develop social-emotional skills through knowledge-base re-conceptualization and to advocate for reform of language teacher education./ Keywords: emotions, social-emotional skills, language teacher education, knowledge base, non-native teachers

Are There Age-Related Differences in Effects of Positive and Negative Emotions in Arithmetic?

We investigated effects of emotions on arithmetic problem-solving and age-related differences in these effects. Young and older adults verified addition problems displayed superimposed on emotionally negative, positive, or neutral pictures. Participants obtained poorer performance in emotion than in neutral conditions, with stronger interference by negative than positive emotions. Also, participants were more impaired by negative emotions while solving true problems than false problems, whereas they were influenced by positive emotions similarly on true and false problems. Interestingly, effects of both positive and negative emotions were comparable in young and older adults. These findings have important implications for further understanding how negative and positive emotions influence arithmetic problem-solving.