Effect Of Nanosilica Particles Research Articles

Effect Evaluation of Nanosilica Particles on O/W Emulsion Properties

O/W emulsion reinforced by nanosilica particle has good application in hydrocarbon development. However, there are few reports on the influence of nanosilica particles on the oil-water interface of O/W emulsion. The effect of nanosilica particles on the interfacial properties of O/W emulsion was indirectly investigated by measuring the interfacial properties between aqueous dispersion of nanosilica particles and kerosene, and the properties of O/W emulsion reinforced by nanosilica particle were studied. The results showed that the aqueous dispersion of nanosilica particles could significantly reduce the interface tension (with kerosene) by more than 50%, and the interface tension between the aqueous dispersion and kerosene decreased with the increase in nanosilica content. The aqueous dispersion of nanosilica particles could significantly change rock wettability. When the content of nanosilica particles increased from 0.1% to 0.7%, the contact angle decreased from 44.89° to 27.62°. The surface tension of O/W emulsion prepared by the aqueous dispersion of nanosilica particles and kerosene was among 25 mN/m~30 mN/m. The contact angle was also particularly small, with an average of about 20.00°, a minimum of 12.50°. The salts had little effect on the interface tension of emulsions but had a significant influence on the contact angle and its stability. Magnesium salt could reduce the three-phase contact angle and increase the hydrophilic properties of O/W emulsion, while calcium salt had the opposite effect. Calcium salt and magnesium salt could reduce the stability of the emulsion, and calcium salt had a greater influence. The oil-water stratification adding either calcium salt or magnesium salt was about 1 day~3 days earlier than that without salts. In the experiment, when the content of nanosilica particles was among 0.3%~0.7%, the viscosity of O/W emulsion increased with the increase in nanosilica particles. When the content was 0.9%, the viscosity suddenly decreased, and the extent of reduction was about 21.7%. The findings of this study can help for better understanding the application of nanosilica particles in O/W emulsion, giving some suggestions for the application of nanoparticles in hydrocarbon development.

Investigation of the Effects of Nano Silica Particles and Zeolite on the Mechanical Strengths of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Concrete

Due to its unique qualities, concrete is the most extensively utilized substance in the construction sector after water. However, because one ton of Portland cement produces about one ton of CO2, the Portland cement manufacturing process has considerable disadvantages. As a result, an alternative to Portland cement appears to be required. Geopolymer is a new and environmentally friendly cementitious material that can be used in place of Portland cement. Chemically and mechanically, geopolymer concrete outperforms traditional concrete. The weight ratio of water to dry matter used in polymerization, as well as the weight ratio of sodium silicate to NaOH solution, have an impact on the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete. As a result, additional research into these variables appeared to be necessary. This paper specifically looked at how nanosilica and zeolite affected the mechanical strength of metakaolin-based geopolymer concrete. Nanosilica was added to metakaolin-based geopolymer concrete to improve mechanical characteristics. Furthermore, using zeolite in a metakaolin-based aluminosilicate source lowers the mechanical strength of geopolymer concrete while also lowering the cost. The optimal weight ratios for polymerization water to dry matter and sodium silicate solution to NaOH solution were 0.4741 and 1.5, respectively, resulting in maximum compressive pressures of 3, 7, and 28 days.

Application of nano silica particles to improve high-temperature rheological performance of tyre pyrolysis oil-modified bitumen

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of nano silica (NS) particles on the high-temperature rheological properties of tyre pyrolysis oil (TPO)-modified bitumen. Physical tests, short-term aging, temperature sweep test and multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) test were conducted to evaluate the effects of NS on the high-temperature rheological performance. Results indicate that the inclusion of NS to TPO-modified bitumen displayed significant improvement in rutting resistance before and after aging. Meanwhile, MSCR results showed that the high-temperature performance grade of bitumen was upgraded from PG 64S in the case of base and TPO-modified bitumen to PG 64 V at 10% TPO and 4% NS. Statistical analysis also showed that the effects of NS particles on the rutting performance of TPO-modified bitumen are statistically significant within the confidence interval of 95%. These findings present a remarkable enhancement in the high-temperature performance of TPO-modified bitumen.

Effect of Nano Silica Particles on Impact Resistance and Durability of Concrete Containing Coal Fly Ash.

In this study, the effect of adding nano-silica (NS) particles on the properties of concrete containing coal fly ash were explored, including the mechanical properties, impact resistance, chloride penetration resistance, and freezing–thawing resistance. The NS particles were added into the concrete at 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% of the binder weight. The behavior under an impact load was measured using a drop weight impact method, and the number of blows and impact energy difference was used to assess the impact resistance of the specimens. The durability of the concrete includes its chloride penetration and freezing–thawing resistance; these were calculated based on the chloride diffusion coefficient and relative dynamic elastic modulus (RDEM) of the samples after the freezing–thawing cycles, respectively. The experimental results showed that the addition of NS can considerably improve the mechanical properties of concrete, along with its freezing–thawing resistance and chloride penetration resistance. When NS particles were added at different replacement levels, the compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strengths of the specimens were increased by 15.5%, 27.3%, and 19%, respectively, as compared with a control concrete. The addition of NS enhanced the impact resistance of the concrete, although the brittleness characteristics of the concrete did not change. When the content of the NS particles was 2%, the number of first crack impacts reached a maximum of 37, 23.3% higher compared with the control concrete. Simultaneously, the chloride penetration resistance and freezing–thawing resistance of the samples increased dramatically. The optimal level of cement replacement by NS in concrete for achieving the best impact resistance and durability was 2–3 wt%. It was found that when the percentage of the NS in the cement paste was excessively high, the improvement from adding NS to the properties of the concrete were reduced, and could even lead to negative impacts on the impact resistance and durability of the concrete.

Experimental evaluation of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide and silica nanoparticles solutions for enhanced oil recovery

The establishment of oil production well is becoming a challenge with the increasing demand for energy. The fulfillment of energy need requires large production of oil and gas as it is a primary source of energy. EOR is also important because of the enhancement in oil production from thirty percent to more than fifty percent. The chemical EOR is one of the techniques for the increment in oil production. Chemical flooding using water-soluble polymers like partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA) has been industrially used as an EOR technique. The paper deals with the effect of nano-silica particles on viscosity as well as the shear rate of the polymer solution. The change in viscosity, as well as shear rate, was studied at variable concentrations of the nano particles in the different concentrations of PHPA solution. Mutual correlation between viscosity and other parameters like temperature, shear rate, salinity, nanoparticle concentration, and polymer concentration was established using the statistical method.

An experimental study of Nanosilica application in reducing calcium sulfate scale at high temperatures during high and low salinity water injection

The deposition of inorganic scales, especially calcium sulfate (CaSO4), in oil reservoirs causes damages not only in the reservoir, but also in production equipment, injection facilities, and production and injection tubing. In the present study, it was aimed to evaluate the formation damage potential of high and low salinity water injection and effects of Nanosilica particles on the formation damage reduction during water injection. For this reason, first, the nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized and then, using the electrical conductivity test, the suitable concentration of Nanosilica was obtained to be about 0.1 wt%. Afterwards, series of coreflood tests were performed on a sandstone core sample. The results showed that low salinity water injection causes less damage when sulfate ion exists in the solution. However, once the injection water is desulfated, the controlling factor of damage is the salinity difference of formation and injection waters. The lower the salinity difference between the injection and formation waters at the higher temperatures, the less formation damage due to scales deposition. Based on our results, Nano particles are more effective when they are added to a high salinity injection water and can greatly prevent scale depositions at dynamic conditions. However, the temperature rise had a negative impact on their performance. These later findings were found to be directly correlated with zeta potential (ZP) values of the solutions. Finally, our observations revealed that incorporating Nanosilica particles with low salinity water injection could not be a suitable remedy towards reducing formation damage due to inorganic scales deposition even at low temperatures where ZP is high.

Some Mechanical Properties of Polymer Matrix Composites Reinforced by Nano Silica Particles and Glass Fibers

This research studied the effect of nano silica particles on wear behavior test , ultimate tensile strength ,impact strength, fracture toughness and hardness shore D of specimens composite material. The hand-lay-up method is used to preparation of specimens established from unsaturated polyester resin matrix reinforcement with 4% weight fraction glass fiber (chopped / woven) mat and 1%, 3%, 5% weight fraction of nano silica particle. The nano silica particles used in this study has an average size of (less than 45nm). The results showed that the specimen (up+4% woven glass fiber+5% nano SiO2) gives better mechanical properties include ultimate tensile strength, impact strength, fracture toughness and hardness shore D (110 MPa, 13.7 K.J/m2, 18.92 MPa.m1/2, 85 shore D) respectively,when compare other specimens. The wear rate decreased from (22.5×10-4 cm3/N.m) for specimen (pure unsaturated polyester resin) to (0.18×10-4 cm3/N.m) for specimen (UP+4% woven glass fiber +5% nano SiO2) under parameter 7N (load), 15 minutes (sliding time), 2m/s (sliding speed) and (7 cm) sliding distance.

Effect of nanosilica particles on the rheological and mechanical properties of cement pastes using polyhydroxyl and polycarboxylate-based superplasticizers

This study assesses the effect of both silica nanoparticles of different sizes and different types of superplasticizers on rheological properties and 28-day compressive strength of Portland cement pastes. The experimental program comprised the utilization of 36 and 264 nm sizes nanoparticles and the superplasticizers used were polyhydroxyl and polycarboxylate-based high-range water reducers. Subsequently, the nanoparticles and superplasticizers were added to cementing pastes on which rheology tests were performed under a controlled rate (CR) mode, in order to quantify the yield stress and the plastic viscosity according to the Binghamian rheological model. As a result, it was found a saturation range between 0.8 wt % and 1.2 wt % of the used polyhydroxyl and polycarboxylate-based superplasticizers, from which the reduction of the rheological properties of the pastes was not further modified. Also, pastes using a simultaneous addition of 0.5 wt % of 36 nm-size nanosilica and 0.6 wt % of polyhydroxyl superplasticizer further optimize both the rheological and mechanical properties of the control mixture, and the compressive strength of the pastes increased up to 9% for using this nanoparticle dosage. It was found that the coarser nanoparticles (264 nm) provide pastes with enhanced mechanical properties and better workability compared to the ones provided by the finer nanoparticles (36 nm). Finally, several practical equations were proposed for the prediction of the rheological properties of yield stress and plastic viscosity of Portland cement pastes based on the nanosilica and superplasticizer additions.

Effect of nano-silica particles on the hydration, the rheology and the strength development of a blended cement paste

The aim of the present work is to evaluate the effect of nano-silica (NS) on the hydration, the rheology and the strength development of cement pastes. The advance of chemical reactions is monitored by mean of isothermal calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis: adding nano-silica particles speeds up the hydration of the cement paste but alter its workability. Indeed, the effect of the nano-silica particles on the hydration kinetics can be modelled by accounting for its high specific surface and a flocculation model based on the DLVO theory is proposed so as to investigate the stability of nano-silica suspensions in the fresh cement paste. As a consequence, the dosage of nano-silica can be optimized to promote the early age strength. Lastly, a ternary blend incorporating fly ash can be designed so as to provide an early age strength similar to that of the cement while lowering the induced CO2 emissions.

Effect of Silica Nanoparticles on Cultured Central Nervous System Cells

Nanotechnology is developing rapidly and the production of novel man-made nanoparticles is increasing. However, the effects of these particles on human health are unevaluated. Depending on particle size and the surface properties, nanoparticles may have the potential to affect human health. In recent studies, several silica nanoparticles (<100 nm) were shown to be penetrating into the brain. Thus, it is important to understand the influence of these nanoparticles on the central nervous system. In this study, we investigated the toxicological influence of nanoparticles on cortical cultured neurons isolated from embryonic day 18 Wister rats. Cortical cultured neurons at 21 days in vitro (DIV) were treated with 30 nm silica nanoparticles for 1 hr. Many neurons were damaged immediately more than at 0.01 mg/ml concentration of silica. Cell damage was also assessed using the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay. We revealed that the Neuro-toxicological mechanisms were due to membrane permeability. It was suggested that cell membrane permeability was enhanced because of ROS generation. Given these results, it will be important to determine the effect of nano-silica particles in vivo and identify the extent of neuronal damage.

Effect of nano silica particles on Interfacial Tension (IFT) and mobility control of natural surfactant (Cedr Extraction) solution in enhanced oil recovery process by nano - surfactant flooding

Natural surfactant is a new kind of surfactants which has been introduced in recent years in petroleum industry. It is cheap, abundant and environmental friendly. On the other hand, nano particles have received increasing attention in upstream industry in the last decade. In this communication, Cedr Extraction (CE) as natural surfactant and nano silica were used. The influence of CE and nano particles on Interfacial Tension (IFT) of aqueous phase was studied using Pendant Drop method. The effect of nano particles on mobility control was then investigated using the results of core flooding. By increasing the surfactant concentration from 0 to 10wt%, it was observed that the IFT of kerosene and aqueous phase reduces from 35 to 11.9mN/m; increasing the nano silica concentration from 0 to 2500ppm causes the reduction in IFT value from 15.5 to 13mN/m. Using pH method for investigating the CMC point of different concentrations of CE solution indicates that 5wt% of CE in 100,000ppm brine represents the CMC point. Repeating the above methods for different concentrations of nano silica in 5wt% of CE solution shows that 1000ppm of nano silica represents the CMC point. Adding nano silica causes increasing oil recovery from 53% (by flooding with CE solution) to 74%, in sandstone core.

Effects of Nanosilica Particles and Randomly Distributed Fibers on the Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity and Mechanical Properties of Cemented Sand

AbstractRandomly distributed fiber and cement can be used for various purposes. However, no attention has been paid to the use of randomly distributed fiber and cement on seismic wave velocity of sandy soil and the relation between seismic wave velocity and unconfined compressive strength. In addition, there is no previous report on the use of nanosilica particles as a modifier for fiber-reinforced cemented sandy soil. In this study a series of unconfined compression tests and 144 ultrasonic pulse velocity tests have been conducted to explore the effects of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber and nanosilica particles on the mechanical characteristics of cemented sandy soil. Moreover, microstructural properties of cemented sand with nanoparticles have been investigated using scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray diffraction test. Finally, the ultrasonic pulse velocity test for the specimens has been performed in order to estimate the unconfined compression strength of fiber-reinforced ...

Property improvements of alkali resistant glass fibres/epoxy composite with nanosilica for textile reinforced concrete applications

ABSTRACT The aim of this work is to study the tensile, compressive and shear properties of textile rovings and also their matrix. This paper describes the sample preparations to obtain the tensile, compression and shear testing results for alkali resistant glass fibres (ARG)/epoxy composite. Furthermore, the effect of nanosilica particles on the mechanical properties of ARG/epoxy composite was studied. The results obtained for the rovings with nanosilica showed mechanical improvements for all tested properties. A numerical model was developed with the new obtained textile properties for a TRC facade panel to investigate the flexural behaviour.

The improvement of corrosion resistance of fluoropolymer coatings by SiO2/poly(styrene-co-butyl acrylate) nanocomposite particles

The effects of nano-silica particles on the anticorrosion properties of fluoropolymer coatings on mild steel have been investigated in this paper. In order to enhance the dispersibility of nano-silica in fluoropolymer coatings, we treated the surface of nano-silica with poly(styrene-co-butyl acrylate) (P(St-BA)). The surface grafting of P(St-BA) on the nanoparticles were detected using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermo gravimetric analyzer (TGA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The surface of nanocomposite coatings and the coating-substrates bond texture were detected by FE-SEM. We also used energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to analyze whether the nanocomposite particles were added into the fluoropolymer coatings. In addition, the influences of various nanoparticles on the corrosion resistance of fluoropolymer-coated steel were investigated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results shown that nanocomposite particles can be dispersed better in fluoropolymer coatings, and the electrochemical results clearly shown the improvement of the protective properties of the nanocomposite coatings when 4wt.% SiO2/P(St-BA) was added to the fluoropolymer coatings.

Epoxy Resin Composite Bilayers with Triple‐Shape Memory Effect

Triple‐shape memory epoxy composites with bilayer structures of well‐separated glass transition temperatures have been successfully prepared. The different glass transition temperatures of the epoxy composites were obtained by physically incorporating various amounts of nanosilica particles, which were introduced into the epoxy by utilizing polyethylene glycol. A scanning electron microscope and a transmission electron microscope were used to analyze the dispersibility of the nanosilica particles. The effects of nanosilica particles on the mechanical properties as well as on the dual‐shape memory effects (DSME) and triple‐shape memory effects (TSME) of the nanocomposites were studied. The nanosilica particles were homogenously dispersed in the matrix and well incorporated into the epoxy matrix. The resulting nanocomposites exhibited excellent TSME, and their shape fixity properties were significantly improved by nanosilica particles.

Effect of polyurethane/nanosilica composite coating on water resistance of paper substrate

The effect of nanosilica particles on the water resistance of a polyurethane/nanosilica composite coated paper substrate was investigated. The polyurethane/nanosilica composite coating was prepared by dispersing nanosilica powder into solvent-based polyurethane using high mechanical stirring force. Paper substrate was coated with polyurethane/nanosilica composite using a Rod Mayer technique. Various compositions of polyurethane/nanosilica composite coatings on paper substrate were prepared. The total thickness of the paper coated with polyurethane/nanosilica composite was 0·3 mm. The field emission scanning electron microscopy images indicated that the presence of nanosilica has improved the surface roughness and porosity of paper substrate. The addition of nanosilica in polyurethane coating had increased the water resistance ability of the coated paper. It was demonstrated that polyurethane/nanosilica-6% shows better water resistance and exhibits better thermal stability than the nanocomposites with lower nanosilica loading. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy result shows that there was no chemical reaction between nanosilica and polyurethane.

A study on role of nanosized SiO2 on deformation mechanism of vinyl ester

Vinyl ester (VE) resins have good resistance against corrosive and hostile environments, and formation of micro cracks. They also have good thermal resistivity as well as mechanical properties which result in their usage in many applications such as sewer pipes, solvent storage tanks, and mining and other industrial equipments. In the present work, nanosized silica was employed as reinforcement to improve VE mechanical properties. Hence, to study the influence of nanosilica particles on the tensile strength, Young’s modulus and toughness of mentioned nanocomposites, nanosilica-vinyl ester nanocomposites with different silica weight percentages (0⋅3, 0⋅75, 1) were fabricated. Moreover, the effects of nanosilica particles on the tensile fracture surfaces and VE deformation mechanisms were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was observed that increasing the nanosilica fillers results in tensile strength deterioration as well as Young’s Modulus increasing. Adding nanosilica reinforcements up to 0⋅3 (%wt) improves the fracture toughness while decreasing the fracture energy.

Effect of Nano-Silica Particles on the Fresh Properties of UHPC

Nanotechnology is being used in UHPC for achieving more dense structural packing and better physical and mechanical properties. In this paper, nanosilica particles (0-1wt %) by cement were incorporated in cement pastes and mortars with water-binder ratio of 0.2, and their effect on fresh properties was addressed. The fresh properties of mixtures were investigated by spread, rheology and cohesiveness. In addition, effect of nanosilica on cement hydration was also investigated. The results show that significant increase of yield stress, viscosity and cohesiveness is observed with nanosilica above 0.005 wt% by cement, but nanosilica with content below 0.005% presents an improvement of workability especially with content of 0.002%. Moreover, the addition of nanosilica in cement pastes obviously accelerates the early cement hydration rate, but does not increase the cumulative heat evolution.

Investigation into the effect of nano-silica on the protective properties of polyurethane coatings

The effect of nano-silica particles on the protective properties of polyurethane (PU) coatings has been investigated. Current PU clear coats have shown promising scratch, abrasion and UV resistance properties, however their corrosion resistance has not been much investigated. This study focuses on the effect of non-polar nano-silica particles on electrochemical properties of 2-pack polyurethane matrix. Nano silica was incorporated at different levels into acrylic polyol/HDI polyisocyanate polyurethane matrix and cured at three different temperatures (20°C, 70°C and 110°C). DC resistance technique and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) have been employed to evaluate protective properties. Free films were prepared to determine the water-uptake using coating capacitance function measured in the early stages of exposure. Also the effect of nanoparticles on cross-linking density and glass transition temperature (Tg) was investigated by Dynamical Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA) technique. Abrasion resistance was evaluated using Taber abrasion tester by measuring the weight loss from a coated panel. Electrochemical results showed a positive effect on the permeability properties for PU coatings with 5% of embedded nano-silica particles. Also coatings cured at higher temperatures showed improved protective properties. The Tg also increased with elevated curing temperature which was attributed to an increase in cross-linking density. The Taber abrasion test indicates that both, nano-silica particles and higher curing temperatures enhance abrasion resistance.

Study on the effect of nanosilica particles on morphology, thermo-mechanical and electrical properties of liquid polysulfide modified epoxy hybrid nanocomposites

The modification of epoxy resin with polysulfide polymer has been carried out by keeping the ratio of polysulfide polymer and epoxy resin as constant in order to avoid phase separation. The nanocomposites have been prepared by an ex-situ technique. The effect of nanosilica loading on mechanical property, thermo—mechanical properties, morphology, and dielectric properties has been studied. It is found that the tensile properties decrease with the increase in nanosilica loading for all the nanocomposites system except for 3 wt% nanosilica loading. This has been attributed to the better dispersion of nanosilica particles in modified epoxy matrix at 3 wt% loading compared to other systems which has been observed from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) study shows that the storage modulus value and tanδ peak height is decreasing with the increase in nanosilica loading in the modified epoxy matrix. There is the increase in thermal stability with the incorporation of nanosilica in base polymer system. Dielectric study reveals that there is only one relaxation peak, and the dielectric constant value decreases with the increase in frequency as well as nanosilica loading. Fourier transfer infra-red (FTIR) study has also been carried out for the composite systems.