Effect of Silica Nanoparticles on Cultured Central Nervous System Cells

Yuriko Inoue,Chika Sawa,Yoshinobu Manome,Hiroshi Moriyama,Junji Ito,Harumi Hata,Naruhito Otsuka,Hiromitsu Ezure,Masato Yamamoto

doi:10.4236/wjns.2018.82013

Yuriko Inoue, Chika Sawa + Show 7 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.4236/wjns.2018.82013

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Abstract

Nanotechnology is developing rapidly and the production of novel man-made nanoparticles is increasing. However, the effects of these particles on human health are unevaluated. Depending on particle size and the surface properties, nanoparticles may have the potential to affect human health. In recent studies, several silica nanoparticles (<100 nm) were shown to be penetrating into the brain. Thus, it is important to understand the influence of these nanoparticles on the central nervous system. In this study, we investigated the toxicological influence of nanoparticles on cortical cultured neurons isolated from embryonic day 18 Wister rats. Cortical cultured neurons at 21 days in vitro (DIV) were treated with 30 nm silica nanoparticles for 1 hr. Many neurons were damaged immediately more than at 0.01 mg/ml concentration of silica. Cell damage was also assessed using the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay. We revealed that the Neuro-toxicological mechanisms were due to membrane permeability. It was suggested that cell membrane permeability was enhanced because of ROS generation. Given these results, it will be important to determine the effect of nano-silica particles in vivo and identify the extent of neuronal damage.

Highlights

Nanotechnology is developing rapidly and the production of novel manufactured nanoparticles is increasing
We investigated effects of rhodamine-labeled 30 nm silica nanoparticle on primary cultures of rat cortical neurons
Because primary cultured neurons were still small at days in vitro (DIV) 7, we used primary cultured cortex neurons at DIV 7

Summary

Introduction

Nanotechnology is developing rapidly and the production of novel manufactured nanoparticles is increasing. Depending on the particle size and the surface properties, nanoparticles have the potential to affect human health. Some nanoparticles have received considerable attention, because of their useful properties, such as high conductivity [1], biocompatibility [2] [3], and stability [3]. These nanoparticles can be used in various application fields including bioelectronics and biomedical applications [4]-[9]. Silica nanoparticles have been formulated for medications and foods, the potential for ROS generation may lead to the development of immunologic diseases [10]. Activation of brain microglia that produces various neurotoxic factors including cytokines and ROS has been increasingly associated with dopaminergic degeneration of neurons induced by various toxicants [13]

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