Effect Of Municipal Solid Waste Research Articles

Insight into high-temperature fast pyrolysis characterization, product distribution and interaction effect of municipal solid waste and its components under steam-containing hydrogen-rich syngas atmosphere

This research delves into the field of fast hydropyrolysis of mixed municipal solid waste (MSW), with the goal of understanding product distribution and interactions in a hydrogen-rich condition. Through experimental investigations on MSW and its components, this study thoroughly examines the impact of pyrolysis temperature and gasification atmosphere (30 % H2+30 % CO+20 % CO2+20 % H2O) on the yields and distribution of the three-phase products. As the temperature increases, the gas yield gradually increases, while the yields of tar and char gradually decrease. The introduction of a hydrogen source increases the methane content in the combustible gas, which generally reaches its maximum at 850 °C, and promotes aromatic formation in tar, making aromatics the main component of pyrolysis oil. Notably, aromatics have the highest-octane number in gasoline. This study highlights gasification as a promising technology for converting organic waste into valuable fuel, advancing waste management and energy recovery.

Impact assessment of solid waste dumping sites on soil and groundwater quality in Haridwar district, Uttarakhand, India

The present work aimed to evaluate the effects of municipal solid waste (MSW) dumping on the quality of soil and groundwater at six specific sites (S1-S6) located in the Haridwar district of Uttarakhand, India. An analysis of selected physicochemical and heavy metal characteristics (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cd, and Cr) was conducted on groundwater and soil samples collected between July 2022 and June 2023 using standard techniques. Furthermore, the composition of municipal solid waste (MSW) was also analysed, revealing a significant proportion of biodegradable waste in comparison to non-biodegradable wastes. The areas affected by urban and industrial activity showed markedly higher concentrations of physicochemical and heavy metal parameters in both soil and groundwater samples (p < 0.05). An study of groundwater revealed concentrations from BDL to 0.170 ± 0.008 mg/L (S6) , 0.034 ± 0.004 mg/L (S4) to 1.565 ± 0.048 mg/L (S6), 1.786 ± 0.089 mg/L (S4) to 10.630 ± 0.279 mg/L (S6), 0.096 ± 0.006 mg/L (S4) to 0.321 ± 0.005 mg/L (S6), and 0.110 ± 0.005 mg/L (S6) for Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cd mg/kg , respectively. Cr was detected at the BDL level in all groundwater samples from all sites. Findings revealed that metals exceeded the BIS range, with Iron over the limit at all sites, Manganese at S1, S2, and S6 sites, and Cadmium at S1, S2, S3, and S6 sites. The examination of the soil samples revealed concentrations ranging from 0.399 ± 0.125 mg/kg (S5) to 2.806 ± 0.083 mg/kg (S6), 1.207 ± 0.044 mg/kg (S5) to 3.813 ± 0.238 mg/kg (S2), 24.972 ± 1.128 mg/kg (S5) to 47.417 ± 1.713 mg/kg (S3), 2.297 ± 0.43 mg/kg (S5) to 14.641 ± 0.229 mg/kg (S2), and BDL (S4, S5, and S6) to 0.194 ± 0.291 mg/kg (S2) for their respective elements. The Cr content was BDL in all soil samples from all sites. Several metals over the BIS range were detected, including Cu at site S6, Zn at sites S1, S2, S3, S4, and S6, Fe at all sites and Mn at site S2. In S1-S6, the total bacterial population in the soil ranged from 397 ± 67 CFU to 459±88 CFU, with values of 442 ± 86 CFU, 404 ± 78 CFU, 459 ± 88 CFU, 397 ± 67 CFU, 405 ± 67 CFU, and 451 ± 77 CFU, respectively. The findings revealed soil and groundwater pollution caused by the elevated levels of heavy metals in the groundwater, rendering the water unfit for drinking. The study underscores the need of adopting effective waste management strategies to reduce the adverse effects of solid waste disposal sites. The results can guide the formulation of development policies and laws aimed at enabling the implementation of suitable solid waste management techniques.

Influence of main operating parameters on the incineration characteristics of municipal solid waste (MSW)

To study the influence of the main operating parameters on the incineration characteristics of municipal solid waste (MSW), a 375 t/d mechanical grate incinerator is selected as the research object, and the effects of primary air temperature, secondary air arrangement, and grate speed on the MSW incineration process are simulated, and experimental tests are carried out under different primary air temperature and grate speed conditions. The results show that the relative errors between the measured and simulated values of the incinerator outlet O2 content and the measurement point temperature are within ±5% for all test conditions. When the primary air temperature increases from 423 K to 503 K, the position where the MSW incineration ends moves 3.32 m towards the front of the grate, and the moisture evaporation and fixed carbon combustion rates also increase, but the maximum volatile release rate and the optimal incineration condition of the MSW occur at the primary air temperature of 483 K. The increase in grate speed delays the incineration process of MSW and decreases the moisture evaporation rate and fixed carbon combustion rate, but it worsens the incineration effect of MSW. When the grate speed increases from 6.94 m/h to 13.88 m/h, the MSW incineration process is delayed by 3.20 m, and the moisture evaporation and fixed carbon combustion rates decrease by 43 kg·m−2·h−1 and 9 kg·m−2·h−1, respectively. To achieve the optimal operating conditions, the secondary air volume ratio of the front and rear arches is 1.59:1, the secondary air direction of the front arch is 40° and 60°, and that of the rear arch is 0° for the primary air temperature of 463 K and 483 K, respectively. This study can provide useful insights for optimizing the design and operation of mechanical grate incinerators.

Assessment of the influence of the toxic effect of municipal solid waste on the ecological state of the soil

Introduction. Тhe municipal solid waste of pollution negatively affects on the state of the environment, since during their storage on the territory of landfills and the adjacent territory, accumulation of heavy metals (HM) can change the biological indicators of soil conditions: microbiological, biochemical, and phytotoxic.
 The aim of the study was to assess the influence of the toxic effect of the municipal waste landfill “Azov” in the Rostov region on the ecological state of the soil. 
 Materials and methods. It was explored the influence of municipal solid waste landfill “Azov” of the Rostov region on the ecological condition of the ordinary chernozem in the landfill and adjacent territory (140, 260, 380, and 540 m). The content of heavy metals in the soil, such as chromium (Cr), strontium (Sr), zinc (Zn), vanadium (V), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As) were defined. The ecological state is assessed by sensitive and informative-biological indicators of soil pollution: the abundance of bacteria of the genus Azotobacter, the total prevalence of soil bacteria, the activity of catalase, dehydrogenases. 
 Results. Soils were found to contaminate with arsenic by MAC / TAC (exceeding the MAC by 7 times at the landfill and exceeding the MAC by 4 to 6 times in the territory). Pollution with heavy metals according to German MACs with chromium exceeded by 1.4 times). The highest concentration of heavy metals prevailed in the body of the landfill. Depending on distance from the landfill the concentration of heavy metals in the soil decreased. HM contamination leads to negative consequences for the ecological state of ordinary chernozem: the total number of bacteria decreases (until to 95% of the control), the number of the genus Azotobacter decreases (up to 95% of the control), the activity of catalase (up to 25% of the control) and dehydrogenase decreases (up to 30% of control) and increased soil phytotoxicity (up to 60% of control). It can be concluded that the exploitation of the landfill leads to a deterioration of the environmental situation on the territory of the landfill and beyond.
 Limitations. The ecotoxic effect of HMs on soils less buffered to pollution will be higher than on the chernozems studied in the article.
 Conclusion. The Landfill “Azov” was found to impact on the microbiological, biochemical, and phytotoxic parameters of the soil negatively. This problem connects with influence of heavy metals which get into the soil of during the operation of the landfill. The most sensitive and informative biological indicators are total number of bacteria and length of radish roots.

Investigation of thermal behaviour and synergistic effect in co-pyrolysis of municipal solid waste and sewage sludge through thermogravimetric analysis

Municipal solid waste (MSW) and sewage sludge (SS) co-pyrolysis have the potential to revolutionize waste management and address energy challenges. Consequently, it is crucial to explore the thermal and synergistic effect of MSW, SS and their blends using thermogravimetric analysis. Different blending ratios (MSW90%SS10 %, MSW80%SS20 % and MSW65%SS35 %) were analyzed under an inert nitrogen (N2) gas atmosphere, at various heating rates (10,20 and 30 K min−1), from 30 °C to 900 °C. This paper specifically addressed the effect of heating rate and blending ratio on separate and jointed pyrolysis of the two raw materials. The analysis revealed two significant decomposition stages observed in the individual pyrolytic processes and their blends. Results showed that a higher heating rate slowed down the decomposition rate due to less effective heat transfer. The blending ratio of 35 % SS at 20 K min−1 exhibited a positive synergistic effect while an antagonistic effect was observed in another mixing ratio. Activation energy determined using the Coats-Redfern model in the second stage of active pyrolysis for MSW90%SS10 %, MSW80%SS20 % and MSW65%SS35 % was 41.879, 43.365 and 40.271 kJ mol−1 respectively. The negative ΔS (entropy) and positive ΔH (enthalpy) values indicated a decrease in disorder and an endothermic reaction respectively. This finding was consistent with the formation of complex products from the feedstock and the endothermic nature of the pyrolysis process. Therefore, strategic co-pyrolysis optimization of MSW and SS with the precise blending ratio of 35 % sewage sludge and controlled heating rate of 20 K min−1, exhibits substantial potential for advancing eco-friendly waste management practices while enabling effective energy recuperation.

Shear Strength Characteristics of Municipal Solid Waste

Disposal of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) has become a serious problem all over the world which is affected by the rising population and rapid urbanization. Most of the developed countries tend to proceed with engineered landfilling or incineration of solid waste while developing countries continue with open dumping. Most of these open dump sites are located on marshy lands or low lying land areas due to the high demand for prime lands in city areas, and they are expanded in vertical direction, saving the horizontal spaces. Therefore, physical, chemical and shear strength properties of MSW are timely important to overcome the stability failures of the dump sites during the operational period and after the closure of the dump sites. In this study, engineering properties of MSW were investigated using several laboratory experiments for disturbed waste samples collected from Meethotamulla dump site. In order to represent the aging effect of MSW, samples were extracted at different depths and variation of geotechnical properties with aging was analysed. Based on the laboratory test results, it can be noted that MSW in open dump sites in wet zone of Sri Lanka mainly consists of fine residue, aggregated soil, polythene and textiles. Further, higher shear strength parameters were obtained for MSW due to presence of textiles within the waste body. As such, it can be concluded that, it is necessary to consider the influence of textiles in analyzing the stability of open dump sites.

Application of Municipal Solid Waste Compost and Green Manure Exerted Residual Effects on Soil Nutrient Content and Plant Nutrient Uptake in Rice

Aims: Rice is the most widely consumed staple food as well as Bangladesh. With the global upsurge in population, rapid urbanization, and industrialization increasing waste production in urban areas and managing them becoming a major concern. Municipal solid waste (MSW) is considered an important recycling tool for use in agricultural fields as compost. Green manure (GM) is another thing thatprovides a substantial portion of the nitrogen requirement of rice. Both MSW compost and GM add organic matter to the soil. We conducted a study to know the residual effects of municipal solid waste (MSW) compost and green manure (GM) on nutrient contents in soil and uptakes in rice (BINA Dhan-7).
 Methods: The experiment was conducted with a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), nine treatments, and three replications. The present rice crop received no fertilizers during the cultivation period. MSW compost and GM inoculated with Rhizobium strains were incorporated as per treatments in 2 cycles of the Mungbean- Dhaincha- Rice cropping pattern.
 Results: The highest nutrient content and uptake were recorded with higher rates of MSW compost and GM application in the preceding crops. Compost is a slow-release source of nitrogen and most nitrogen remaining after completion of the composting process is bound into organic forms. After application nutrients do not become available immediately for plant uptake, and remain as residue which contributes to improving soil quality for several years after application ceases. MSW compost and GM increases soil nutrient contents, availability, and uptake by adding organic matter, increasing the C: N ratio, and soil’s physical, chemical, and biological properties.
 Conclusion: The MSW compost and GM can provide a significant amount of residual effects on the nutrient content in the soil and uptake in rice which depends on the nutrient composition of applied manure in previous crops.

Effects of Municipal Solid Waste on Planting Properties and Scouring Resistance of Vegetation Concrete (Wuhan, China).

Vegetation concrete (VC) laid as a reinforcement base and covered by a soil layer with vegetation has been increasingly used to beautify the landscape, reduce environmental pollution and control stormwater runoff. In this study, the effects of municipal solid waste (MSW) on vegetation characteristics of modified VC were tested under different mix compositions. We first explored the effects of the mixed concrete environment on Festuca elata and perennial Ryegrass for 60 days. Then, the influence of various MSW contents added to different percentages of cement on scouring resistance of VC was examined. The experimental results revealed that the germination rates and plant heights of both species decreased with the increase in concrete content. Considering the scouring resistances, the optimal mix proportion of MSW-modified VC was recommended as No. 25, with 5% KW fertilizer, 8% cement and 0.5% wheat straw in this study. Furthermore, adding a small amount of fallen leaves or silica fume to VC can promote the growth of both species to some extent, although these additions had an inverse effect on the scouring resistances. The results contribute to beneficial knowledge for future research on the feasibility of the use these species with VC technology for slope ecological restoration.

Geoecological zoning of the territory to assess the impact of municipal solid waste landfills on adjacent agricultural land

The paper shows that as a result of scientific study, original geoecological zoning of agricultural areas was developed to take into account and evaluate the impact of pollutants contained in the soil cover on the geoecological potential of the analyzed area. Zoning uses original criteria not previously used for these purposes, which also determines the novelty of the proposed study. The results of this zoning during the implementation of proposed works on the assessment of the territory will have critical and promising significance. This is determined by the fact that the proposed zoning will allow not only obtaining new, previously not used geoecological characteristics of the analyzed territory, but also assessing the geoecological stability of territorial complexes from the point of view of both a natural and an economic object in conditions of active impact of negative anthropogenic activity. The use of the proposed zoning is illustrated by the effect of municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill on adjacent agricultural land. As shown in the above example, such zoning, along with the above, will allow determining the possibility of promising (planned) environmental and economic use of each of the allocated territorial zones taking into account the content of heavy metal salts in the soil with the development of methods and techniques for rehabilitation and restoration of the territories of these zones. The obtained zoning results may also be used for spatial correction, including the selection of locations for MSW landfills, incinerators, points of observation (monitoring) of the spread of pollutants, as well as the basis for initiating lawsuits related to the violation of the ecological state of territorial facilities and the geoecological state of the territory as a whole. The most important result of using the method of zoning agricultural areas described in the paper is the possibility of using the geospatial properties of the land to solve the economic and environmental problems of the country - the strategic task of its sustainable development.

Experiment and model study of gas preferential penetration of municipal solid waste

Municipal solid waste (MSW) has various components, different sizes and strong heterogeneity. The significant preferential flow effect of MSW directly affects the migration path of landfill gas. Laboratory tests on the gas breakthrough curve of MSW under the influence factors of initial pressure and moisture content were carried out by self-developed gas permeability test device. The experimental results showed that the peak value of gas breakthrough curve increased gradually with the increase of initial pressure, and increased with the increase of moisture content. A mathematical model for describing gas migration in the macro-porous region and the fractured region was established based on the theory of pore-fracture seepage in porous media. The whole process of gas passing through the MSW sample was simulated. The simulation results showed that the higher the ratio of permeability between the crack and the pore, the greater the peak value of gas breakthrough curve, and the shorter the time of gas passing through the sample. As the proportion of fractured area in pore space decreased, the peak value of gas breakthrough curve decreased gradually.

Investigation of co-pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of municipal solid waste and paper sludge through TG-FTIR and DAEM

In order to explore a harmless and resource-based way to treat municipal solid waste (MSW) and paper sludge (PS), the co-pyrolysis MSW and PS was studied in this paper. Firstly, MSW and PS had the lower residue mass, and MSW had higher pyrolysis index under CO2 atmosphere, compared with the one under N2 atmosphere. Hence, the CO2 was used as the carrier gas in the following study. Secondly, under CO2 atmosphere, the co-pyrolysis of MSW and PS with and without MgO were researched. With the increasing of PS ratio, the pyrolysis performance of the blends decreased constantly. MgO act as catalyst could improve the pyrolysis characteristic index of the blends. However, MgO was an inorganic salt and it would affect the synergistic effect of MSW and PS. The curves of online evolutions of all the gas products and the functional groups had an obvious peak at around 500 ℃. The activation energy of the blends in the first step (<600 ℃) were around 170 kJ/mol and reached more than 300 kJ/mol of the second step (600−1000 ℃). In addition, the adding of MgO could decrease the activation energy of MSW, 50M50P and PS. Finally, 50M50P-M was suitable for treating more sludge. And these results could offer some referential information for designing and optimizing the co-pyrolysis technology for MSW and PS.

Sustainable landfill design for effective municipal solid waste management for resource and energy recovery

Municipal solid waste disposal poses a serious issue to the environment and human health. Technical measures along with management actions are essential for sustainable management of municipal solid waste. Design of engineered landfill is considered as technical measures and management measures such as segregation of waste as organic and inorganic can be considered as an effective waste management strategy. The present study aims to investigate Municipal Solid Waste landfill parameters to design an engineered landfill. The primary objective was to reduce the negative effects of municipal solid waste on the environment by designing an engineered landfill that complies with the technical requirements. A proper site has been chosen to dump the solid waste generated in Muscat by analyzing the geology, lineament, and contour map of the study area. The proposed landfill is located in Al Jafnayn, Muscat Governorate, Sultanate of Oman. The proposed landfill area is around 72,890 m2. The design of a conventional landfill without segregation of waste fails to reach the goal of resource recovery and energy generation. The present study suggests a modified landfill design with organic and inorganic cells useful for biomass energy recovery and compost generation. The landfill area is stratified into organic and inorganic cells to reach the goal of resource recovery and energy generation. The compost generated from the segregated cells can be used for agriculture which will reduce the usage of fertilizers, enhances country economical condition and protect the environment from pollution. The leachate collection drainage system has been designed by assessing the quantity and volume of leachate by using the Swiss method. Proper solid waste management is necessary for energy recovery and thereby reduces the pollution load to the environment.

Effect of Vermicomposting and Composting of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) on Growth, Yield and Quality of Chickpea

The present investigation was undertaken with an objective to understand the effect of municipal solid waste (MSW) vermicompost and compost on growth, yield and quality of chickpea. The experiment was laid in randomized block design with three replications and seven treatments viz, T1 - RDF, T2 - RDF + vermicompost of MSW @ 2.5 t ha-1, T3 - RDF + vermicompost of MSW @ 5 t ha-1, T4 - RDF + vermicompost of MSW @ 7.5 t ha-1, T5 - RDF + compost of MSW @ 2.5 t ha-1, T6 -compost of MSW @ 5 t ha-1, T7 -compost of MSW @ 7.5 t ha-1. The field experiment was conducted at College of Agriculture, Latur farm during the Rabi season 2016-2017. The recommended dose of fertilizer (25:50:00 N: P: K) and MSW vermicompost and compost was applied at the time of sowing. The results of field experiment revealed that the maximum availability of macro and micronutrients in soil, growth attributes viz. plant height and number of branches in all growth stages of chickpea were found at application of 7.5 tones of MSW vermicompost ha-1 along with 100% RDF (25:50:00 NPK) followed by application of 7.5 tones MSW compost ha-1 along with 100% RDF and which was significantly increased with increased levels of MSW vermicompost and compost. Similar trend was observed in case of yield and quality parameters viz., protein content of chickpea.

Effect of Vermicompost and Municipal Solid Waste Compost on Growth and Yield of Canola under Drought Stress Conditions

ABSTRACT In order to study the effect of municipal solid waste (MSW) compost and vermicompost on morpho-physiological properties and yield of canola under drought stress conditions, an experiment was conducted as factorial arrangement based on randomized complete block design with four replications. Treatments consisted of three levels of water regimes, including: 75% of the field capacity for well-watered and 55% and 35% for moderate and severe stress, respectively, and biofertilizer in five levels, including: nonapplication of biofertilizer (control), application of MSW compost, and vermicompost at 2% and 4% levels. Results showed that interaction of irrigation and biofertilizer had significantly affected on all traits except leaf area ratio and nitrogen percent. The moderate and severe stress significantly reduced all traits compared to normal irrigation. Application of 4% vermicompost was resulted in increased growth, biomass and yield of canola under normal irrigation, moderate and severe drought stress compared to other biofertilizer treatments.

Benefits analysis of classification of municipal solid waste based on system dynamics

The problem of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) has become increasingly prominent that hinders the harmonious development of society. China recently regards the classification of municipal solid waste as one of the important strategies for national ecological civilization construction. However, the published references have not considered simultaneously on the classification effects of MSW in views of economy, resource, and environment. For this purpose, an integrated system dynamic model is developed for evaluating the impact of waste classification on the aspects of socio-economy, environment and resource. The application of the proposed model is shown using a case study in Tianjin, China during 2006–2017. The socioeconomic benefits show that as the separate rate increases, socioeconomic benefits change from negative to positive values and the maximum socioeconomic benefit could have reached to 0.36% of Tianjin’s GDP. The environmental assessment indicates that the yearly reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (CO2-equivalent) from 2006 to 2017 could have ranged from 1.03 to 1.46 million ton due to waste at classification. The results also reveal for every 1% increase in the separate rate, the range of yearly land saved could have been between 502.92 and 2918.59 m2. The system dynamic model and present results are important to policy makers, strategic planners and researchers to realize and predict the importance of waste classification, which encourages residents to actively participate in the action of waste classification.

Performance of Catalysts of Different Nature in Model Tar Component Decomposition

Municipal solid waste constitutes one of the major challenges and concerns of our society. Disposal of waste material is potentially dangerous, harming both environment and mankind. In order to diminish negative effects of municipal solid waste, its thermal decomposition to valuable chemicals has been studied. The principal draw-back of thermal processes used for solid waste utilization as raw material is tar formation. In this study, low-cost catalysts of different origin were tested in the decomposition of a model component of tar originating from waste material pyrolysis/gasification. p-Xylene was selected as the model compound found in biomass decomposition products. Its decomposition was carried out in the presence of either tire pyrolysis char- or clay minerals-based catalysts. Tar-cracking activities of both catalyst types at varying experimental conditions were compared and related to the catalysts physical-chemical properties. In experiments, either empty reactor or reactor filled with 10 g of the catalyst was used; p-xylene mass flow was set to 2.58 g h−1 (50 μL min−1, room temperature), and decomposition temperature ranging from 750 °C to 850 °C was applied. Moreover, evolution of the output variables, p-xylene conversion and hydrogen content in the gas phase, with the reaction time was investigated. Catalysts’ properties were assessed based on nitrogen adsorption isotherms, thermogravimetric and elemental composition analyses. Amounts and composition of p-xylene catalytic decomposition products were evaluated using GC analysis of both gaseous phase and condensable products. Results showed the superiority of tire pyrolysis char catalyst over that based on clay minerals.

Effect of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Leachate on Groundwater Quality in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Aims: This study was carried out to assess the effect of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) leachate on groundwater quality in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Cross-sectional study was conducted around two dumpsites in Port Harcourt, Nigeria on leachates and borehole water.&#x0D; Study Design: Cross-sectional study of selected refuse dumpsite was conducted in Port Harcourt, Nigeria to assess the effect of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) leachate on groundwater quality in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The physicochemical parameters such as pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Nitrite ion, Phosphate ion, Sulphate ion, Chloride ion and heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe, and Cu) were determined by standard protocol of APHA (2012). The samples were analysed by three quality tools/indices such as the Water Quality Index (WQI), Contamination Factor (CF) and Contamination Degree (CD).&#x0D; Results and Discussion: The result shows that some parameters in the borehole water did not meet the standards of World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigerian Standards for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ), and most leachates and borehole water qualities near the un-engineered dumpsites are of poor quality. There was a decreasing trend in concentrations of hazardous contaminants from the leachate to nearby borehole water and eventually the distant borehole water. This shows that the leachates exert great effect on the concentrations of contaminants in the surrounding borehole waters and distant ones.&#x0D; Conclusion: It is concluded that there is an increase in risk to the borehole and public health that is reported near the unengineered dumpsites; which can spread to other region on bioaccumulation. The result indicated that the dumpsite leachate is producing many potent contaminants to the environment and to the people nearby.

Physicochemical and biochemical properties of an acid soil under potato culture amended with municipal solid waste compost

PurposeA field trial was conducted on a silty-loam soil under potato culture in NW Spain, to assess the effect of municipal solid waste (MSW) compost in a heavily fertilized acid soil.MethodsThree doses of compost (0, 30 and 60 Mg compost ha−1 soil) or inorganic fertilization (~ 140 N: 120 P2O5: 240 K2O kg ha−1 soil) were assayed. The effects of compost on soil physical, chemical (nutrient status and potentially toxic trace elements) and biochemical properties were evaluated after 1 and 5 months.ResultsCompost addition at the highest dose decreased bulk density and increased soil porosity and soil stability against water erosion. Soil pH, total organic C and N, cation exchange capacity and available P, Ca, Mg and K were also higher in compost-amended soils, whereas no effect on NH4+-N and NO3−-N was observed. Compost significantly increased soil microbial biomass and dehydrogenase activity. Due to the high nutrient status in the control soil, potato yield was not increased by compost or inorganic fertilization. A negative consequence of compost addition was the increased extractability of trace metals such as Zn, Cu, Pb and Ni, although their total concentrations in soil or in potato tubers did not increase with respect to the control.ConclusionsOverall, results show that positive effects of MSW compost can be expected even in rich soils that do not need fertilization for maintaining their productive function in the short-term. These positive effects prove the benefits of recycling urban wastes in agricultural soils as a sustainable way of waste management.

Study of effects of Municipal solid waste on water quality of Dehradun City

Study of effects of Municipal solid waste on water quality of Dehradun City

HOW DOES MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE POLICY AFFECT HEAT AND ELECTRICITY PRODUCED BY INCINERATORS?

This study examines the effects of municipal solid waste (MSW) policy interventions, specifically sorted collections and unit-based pricing of heat and electricity produced by incinerators in Japan, considering technological and demographic factors. The study shows that the technological factors such as incineration capacity and 24 hours operation affect the available heat energy and electricity. In addition, some sorted collections and unit-based pricing have also affected them. Sorted collections of organic waste can increase available heat energy. For plastics containers and packaging, no significant effects have been observed for both heat energy and electricity. In contrast, for sorted collections of paper containers and packaging, negative significant effects have been observed for both heat energy and electricity. This phenomenon indicates that other factors than a decrease in lower calorific values may affect the heat energy and electricity. Operating years has affected electricity negatively though it has affected heat energy positively. These findings indicate that proper make-decision of MSW policy and choice of incineration type depend on whether which option the municipalities focus on either material recycling or energy recovery (either heat energy or electricity).