Effect Of Mineral Fertilization Research Articles

Ecological and hygienic aspects of cervical erosion in rural women of the Republic of Dagestan

Based on the available results of the conducted studies, it can be said that the current level of influence of negative environmental factors has exceeded the critical level of the adaptive capabilities of the body of women of fertile age. This determines the fundamental applied importance of identifying the influence of individual factors and the consequences of the use of pesticides on the incidence of cervical erosion, which is an endogenous risk factor for the development of malignant neoplasms of the cervix. In the course of the work, an assessment was made of the independent, total and combined effect of mineral fertilizers and agrochemicals on indicators of the incidence of cervical erosion in women in rural areas of the Republic of Dagestan, since they are the leading environmental factors. A two-way analysis of variance was carried out for the influence of the place of residence and the intensity of the use of mineral fertilizers and agrochemicals. In total, information was obtained on the effect of over 600 combinations of mineral fertilizers and pesticides on the incidence of cervical erosion in women in rural areas of the Republic of Dagestan. The influence of natural and anthropogenic ecological and hygienic factors in the Republic of Dagestan on the incidence of cervical erosion (ESM) in the adult female population, especially in rural areas of the republic, was established. The analyzed data on the impact of the use of mineral fertilizers and pesticides demonstrate that in rural regions, where there is an intensive rate of development of agriculture with the use of mineral fertilizers and pesticides, it is necessary to take them into account as real risk factors for the development of cervical erosion in women. The results of the study give grounds to assume the presence of an indirect influence of the considered environmental factors on the incidence of cervical erosion.

Composition of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Ginger), Soil Properties and Soil Enzyme Activities Grown in Different Concentration of Mineral Fertilizers

Ginger is rich in different chemical compounds such as phenolic compounds, terpenes, polysaccharides, lipids, organic acids, minerals, and vitamins. The present study investigated the effect of mineral fertilizers on the content of mineral elements in the rhizomes of Zingiber officinale Roscoe, soil enzymes activity, and soil properties in Surkhandarya Region, Uzbekistan. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first in Uzbekistan to investigate the mineral elements of ginger rhizome inhabiting Termez district, Surkhandarya region. A Field experiment was conducted at the Surkhandarya experimental station research Institute. Four treatments have been studied (Control with no fertilizers (T-1), N75P50K50 kg/ha (T-2), N125P100K100 kg/ha (T-3) and N100P75K75 + B3Zn6Fe6 kg/ha (T-4)). Results showed that T-4 treatment significantly increased ginger rhizome K, Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Na, Mn, Zn, Si, Li, and V content as compared to all other treatments and control. T-3 treatment significantly increased Mo, Ga, and Ag content in comparison to other treatments. Soil enzymes showed a significant increase for all treatments against control, while T-4 treatment has recorded the highest enzyme activity in comparison to all other treatments in urease, invertase, and catalase content. Soil chemical properties have significantly changed for all treatments against the non-cultivated soil and the zero fertilizers plantation with variation among different treatments. Results showed that ginger root is rich in minerals and can be used as a great potential for nutritional supplements and soil enrichment. This study suggest that combination of macro-microelements have the potential to increase the content of mineral elements in the rhizomes of ginger in field conditions.

The effect of mineral fertilizer on the harmfulness of phyllophages in the cultivation of Epilobium angustifolium

In the experiments, the effect of mineral fertilizers in a dose of N120 P120K120 on phyllophages harmfulness on plants while cultivating Epilobium angustifolium has been studied. The research was carried out on 3 summer Epilobium angustifolium plantings in the conditions of the North-Western region of Russia in the Vologda region. The article notes the positive effect of mineral fertilizers on the productivity of Epilobium angustifolium plants. It has been revealed that the use of fertilizers reduces the damage to plants caused by phyllophages by 13%, and this agrotechnical technique effectiveness is expressed in the yield increase of 3.9%.

The Effect of Mineral Fertilizers and Biological Preparations on the Winter Rye Yields and Green Mass Quality

The Effect of Mineral Fertilizers and Biological Preparations on the Winter Rye Yields and Green Mass Quality

Influence of the application of mineral fertilizers on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain in the non-chernozem soil of Central Russia: A Review

Winter wheat is one of the most important agricultural crops with high yield potential, for a more complete implementation of which at the present stage requires the creation of flexible science-intensive cultivation technologies, which will include new low-cost elements and, undoubtedly, will increase the gross grain harvest. The reviewed article presents the results of field studies conducted in the Non-Chernozem soil of central region of Russia. The purpose of the work was to study the effect of mineral fertilizers on the productivity of winter wheat varieties, aimed at evaluating the reaction of winter wheat varieties according to cultivation technologies at a different level of intensity, to develop a cost-effective resource-saving cultivation technology and to determine the optimum conditions of winter wheat cultivation. Applying mineral fertilizers in the correct dose is fundamental to increasing the yield and quality of winter wheat in the Non-Chernozem Zone of central Russia. The nutrient-deficient soils in this region justify the use of mineral fertilizers. The authors reviewed existing studies on the use of mineral fertilizer and the quality and yield of winter wheat in the Non-Chernozem soil conditions in the central region of Russia. Various indicators were assessed, such as the winter wheat yield and the gluten, fibrin, and crude protein contents. The research outcome reveals a positive correlation between the appropriate use of mineral fertilizers and the increase in winter wheat yield and grain quality in the Non-Chernozem Zone of Central Russia.

INTENSITY OF CESIUM-137 ACCUMULATION IN PRODUCTS BY HONEY BEES AT THE APPLICATION OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS IN CONDITIONS OF RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED SOILS NORTHERN POLISSYA

The quality and safety of crop products, in particular nectar and pollen, which are raw materials for the production of beekeeping products, depends on the condition of the soil, its composition, the content of humus, minerals, the level of moisture, as well as the level of pollution with toxicants. Particular attention in the past few decades has been attributed to the problem of soil pollution by various toxicants, among which a high danger is posed by radionuclides that have entered the environment as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, which led to the contamination of cesium-137 above 37 kBq/m2 461.7 thousand hectares of agricultural land, of which arable land - 345.9 thousand hectares. The largest areas of land contaminated with cesium-137 are located in Zhytomyrskaya (156 thousand hectares), Cherkasskaya (76 thousand hectares), Rivnenskaya (52 thousand hectares), Chernigovskaya (52 thousand hectares), Vinnytsia (50 thousand hectares), Kievskaya (34 thousand hectares) regions. In particular, in the Cherkassy and Vinnytsia regions in agricultural products, no excess of the permissible levels of contamination for this radionuclide has been revealed in recent years. The territories where there is a constant danger of contamination of soil and crop production with radionuclides, it is necessary to include, first of all, the northern regions of Polesie, which were most affected by the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. According to the results of the studies, it was revealed that the specific activity of cesium-137 in honey and bee pollen obtained from nectar and pollen of winter rapeseed and sunflower on soils with a content of this radionuclide from 2305 Bq/kg to 2407 Bq/kg in the northern part of Zhytomyr region is not exceeds DR-2006. At the same time, when applying mineral fertilizers, an increase in the specific activity of cesium-137, its hazard coefficients and accumulation in honey and bee pollen when using ammonium nitrate is observed, while when using simple superphosphate, potassium chloride, a mixture of NPK fertilizers, these indicators decrease. In all variants, with the introduction of mineral fertilizers, in honey and bee pollen produced by bees from nectar and pollen of winter rapeseed and sunflower, no excess of DR-2006 was observed. The highest specific activity of cesium-137, its hazard coefficients and accumulation in honey and bee pollen produced by bees from nectar and pollen from winter rapeseed and sunflower, was found in the variant with soil fertilization with ammonium nitrate. A low effect of mineral fertilizers on the intensity of cesium-137 translocation in the soil – plant – nectar – honey – pollen – bee pollen chain was found when potassium chloride was used. When fertilizing the soil with potassium chloride in honey and bee pollen produced by bees from nectar and pollen of winter rapeseed, the specific activity of cesium-137 was lower than when fertilized with ammonium nitrate by 44.9% and 43.4%, simple superphosphate - by 18, 8% and 18.0% and a mixture of NPK fertilizers - by 12.8% and 24.0%. In honey and bee pollen produced by bees from sunflower when fertilizing soils with potassium chloride, the specific activity of cesium-137 was lower than when using ammonium nitrate by 50.6% and 53.1%, by 27.1% and 32.6%, and 7.2% and 67.7%, respectively.

Dependence of spring wheat seed productivity on mineral fertilizer doses and seeding rates

The article presents the results of field studies conducted in 2018-2020 on the leached chernozem of the Volga foreststeppe. The objects of the research are the varieties of spring wheat Tulaykovskaya 10 (control), Yoldyz and Tulaykovskaya 108. At seeding rates of 5.0 and 5.5 million viable seeds per 1 ha the effect of mineral fertilizers was studied. The fertilizers were represented by a complete NPK mineral fertilizer of 16 kg a.i. and by top-dressing with mineral nitrogen fertilizer in the tillering phase at the doses of 30, 60 and 90 kg a.i./ha against this background. An increase in the seeding rate of seeds from 5.0 to 5.5 million seeds per 1 ha led to a significant increase in the yield of spring wheat in all years of study (by 0.11-0.26 t/ha), the weight of 1000 seeds – by 1.44 g (LSD05 = 1.14), the nature of grain - by 8 g/l (LSD05 = 5). The effect of top-dressing with nitrogen fertilizers has been proved – the increase in yield ranged from 0.15 to 0.28 t/ha over three years on the average, the maximum from a dose of 60 kg a.i. A statistically significant increase in the weight of 1000 seeds was provided by nitrogen fertilization in doses of 60 and 90 kg a.i./ha – by 2.79 and 1.87 g, respectively (LSD05 = 1.47), grain nature increased at doses of 30, 60 and 90 kg a.i./ha by 34, 23 and 16 g/l, respectively (LSD05 = 2). The average yield of spring wheat varieties with the selected combination of factors (5.5 million seeds/ha, N60) was in the range of 2.64-2.70 t/ha with a mass of 1000 grains 44.03-44.56 g, the nature of grain 765-783 g/l. The studied varieties differed in responsiveness to nitrogen fertilization (N60 against the NPK background): Tulaykovskaya 10 (+0.43 t/ha), Tulaykovskaya 108 (+0.39 t/ha), Yoldyz (+0.24 t/ha). Increases in yield from an increase in the seeding rate were 0.20 (Yoldyz), 0.25 (Tulaykovskaya 108) and 0.26 t/ha (Tulaykovskaya 10). In general, according to the experiment relative to the control variety Tulaykovskaya 10, the variety Yoldyz stood out with a stable increase in yield over the years of research (+0.08 t/ha), statistically significant in years with insufficient moisture. The Yoldyz variety was distinguished by an increased profitability of cultivation – up to 59.4 % at a seeding rate of 5.5 million viable seeds/ha against the background of applying mineral fertilizers N16P16K16 for pre-sowing soil cultivation.

Grain productivity hybrids of corn depending on the use of complex mineral fertilizers

The results of studying the effect of complex mineral fertilizers on the productivity of corn hybrids of different ripeness groups in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe are presented. The studies were carried out in 2019–2021 in the conditions of the experimental feld of the Scientifc and Production Center of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University. The experiment studied 9 early, mid-early and mid-season corn hybrids (FAO 170–350) and 4 levels of fertilizers: no fertilizers, N60P60K60, N60P60K60 + Plantonit Frumentum (1 l/ha), N60P60K60 + Plantonit Grain (1 l/ha). It was found that all the studied hybrids had high parameters of the grain mass from the kernel and the mass of 1000 grains when using N60P60K60 + Plantonit Frumentum. There was no signifcant difference in the elements of the yield structure when using N60P60K60 + Plantonit Frumentum and N60P60K60 + Plantonit Grain. The maximum grain yield was provided by mid-season hybrids Carifols and LG30352 on the variant N60P60K60 + Plantonit Frumentum – 8.21 and 7.84 t/ha. When N60P60K60 + Plantonit Grain was applied, the yield was 8.16 and 7.81 t/ha. The grain yield of the hybrids of the early maturing group was 5.82 t/ha, the medium-early – 6.71 t/ha, and the mid-season – 7.35 t/ha. Among the hybrids of the early-maturing group, the most productive was LG30189 (4.75–6.63 t/ha), in the medium-early group – P8409 (5.29–7.61 t/ha), in the mid-season group – Carifols (6.04–8.21 t/ha). Due to the use of complex mineral fertilizers Plantonit Frumentum and Plantonit Grain, the productivity of the crop increased by an average of 6.0 and 5.4 % compared to the application of only N60P60K60. When N60P60K60 + Plantonit Grain was applied, early-maturing hybrids increased grain yield by 1.76 t/ha, medium-early by 2.11 t/ha, mid-season by 1.96 t/ha compared to the variant without fertilizers. At the same time, the greatest increase yield was observed in medium-early and mid-season hybrids (1.48–2.32 t/ha). The effect of mineral fertilizers on the moisture content of corn grain has not been established, and this indicator depended on the biological characteristics of the studied hybrids. Key words: corn, grain, hybrid, mineral fertilizers, productivity, foliar feeding.

Действие длительного применения минеральных удобрений на агрохимические свойства дерново-подзолистой почвы сенокоса

The effect of long-term use of mineral fertilizers on the accumulation of heavy metals in soils of various compositions is an urgent problem in the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia. The main objective of the research conducted at the Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology was to determine the effect of long-term use of mineral fertilizers on agrochemical soil parameters and accumulation of heavy metals. Systematic application of mineral fertilizers on the sod-podzolic loamy soil of hayfield for 74 years has not had a negative impact on its agrochemical indicators. On the contrary, the organic matter content increased by 30-40% according to the experimental variants. The acidity of the soil decreased from a pH of 4.3 to 4.5–5.3. The effect of mineral fertilizers on the content of mobile forms of copper, zinc, cadmium, lead in the soil and their accumulation in plants is shown. Analysis of the soil by layers showed that 15–20% more humus, mobile macroelements, microelements – copper, zinc are concentrated in the 0–10 cm layer. The content of toxic elements – cadmium and lead – was characterized by their uniform distribution over the 0–20 cm horizon. An annual balance calculation of the use of microelements supplied with mineral fertilizers to plants is presented. The obtained results showed that the forage grasses during the growing season fully used the copper, zinc, cadmium, lead introduced with mineral fertilizers and additionally consumed from the soil: copper – 68, zinc – 268, cadmium – 0.2, lead – 3 g/ha.

Effect of Mineral Fertilizers on Productivity and Quality of Winter False Flax

The aim of the research is to study the effect of different backgrounds of mineral nutrition on the yield and quality of oilseeds of winter false flax in different regions of cultivation. The research was conducted in two contrasting regions: the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region (Penza Research Institute of Agriculture) and the Central steppe zone of Crimea (Crimean Research Institute of Agriculture) in 2018-2020. The object of the research was the winter false flax varietal Baron. In the experiment, the effect of nitrogen fertilizer fertilization on the productivity of winter false flax at a dose of 0 to 60 kg of active substance per hectare with a step of 15 kg has been studied. Ammonium nitrate was used as nitrogen fertilizer. In the experiments of Penza Research Institute of Agriculture, the yield increase with nitrogen fertilizer was 0.07-0.19 t/ha. The highest yield of winter false flax was obtained in the variant with the introduction of nitrogen at a dose of N30, which was 1.61 t/ha, which significantly (0.19 t/ha) exceeded the variant without fertilizers. In the conditions of the Crimea, the yield of winter false flax in the average three years was not high and ranged from 0.95-1.16 t/ha. Fertilizing false flax with nitrogen at a dose of N30 led to an increase in yield by 0.21 t/ha, the productivity of the crop was 1.16 t/ha. Nitrogen fertilizer fertilization led to a slight decrease in the oil content of the seeds. In both regions, the fat content was greatest in the variant without fertilizer and was 39.9 and 40.9 %.

Effects of certain mineral fertilizers on the biological mass of Indigofera Tinctoria and Impatiens Balsamina plants

The article describes the effect of mineral fertilizers on the cultivation of dyed Indigofera (Indigofera tinctoria L.) and henna (Impatiens balsamina L), the amount of their application and the ratio of basic nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) related. It has been established that the adequate development of Indigofera and henna plants depends on the ratio of mineral fertilizers used.

Legume Nitrogen Fixation and Symbioses in Low-Inputs Rainfed Rice Rotations

Cropping systems with legumes play key roles in farming systems in sub-Saharan Africa. However, how commonly legume associations perform in low input-systems is not well-known. Here, we studied four legume species used in three systems in rotation with upland rice, i.e., groundnut monocropping, sorghum–cowpea intercropping, and velvet bean–crotalaria intercropping, in two fertilization managements on the previous rice, i.e., manure alone or complemented with mineral fertilization. Legume suitability was assessed using rhizobial and mycorrhizal colonization rates, plant biomass production, shoot N and P content, and biological N2 fixation based on their δ15N natural abundance. Shoot and root biomasses varied significantly between legume species and were positively correlated with nodule number (r = 0.49 and 0.74, p-value < 0.05 and <0.001, respectively) and the amount of fixed N (r = 0.73 and 0.50, p-value < 0.001 and <0.05, respectively). The proportion of plant N derived from N2 fixation also varied significantly between species, with a higher percentage for velvet bean (66%), compared to the other three species (50 to 60%). Legume roots were weakly colonized by AM fungi, with similar levels between species. Overall, fertilization management did not significantly impact legume biomass, symbioses, or N2 fixation, yet the organo-mineral fertilization significantly increased legume shoot P content. The lack of effect of mineral fertilization on N2 fixation and biomass could be due to other nutrient deficiencies (Ca, Mg, micronutrients), which can hamper symbioses with rhizobia and mycorrhizae.

Effect of mineral fertilizers on productivity and quality of yellow lupine cultivated on soddy-podzolic sandy soil

The article presents the results of investigations carried out in a field experiment on sod-podzolic sandy soil contaminated with radionuclides, the efficiency of influence of doses and kinds of potassium fertilizers on the yield, 137Cs accumulation and fodder value of yellow lupine was studied. The carried out researches showed that the optimum doses of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers for getting an increased yield of green mass is P45K150, in both studied types of potassium fertilizers. To get the maximum grain yield of lupine, the optimal doses of mineral fertilizers are P45K150 and P45K210. Analyzing the effect of different types of potassium fertilizers on the formation of yellow lupine grain yield, it can be noted that the use of potassium fertilizer - Kalimag, the yield was higher than that of potassium chloride. To decrease accumulation of 137Cs in lupine green mass below permissible level, the doses of mineral fertilizers shouldn’t be less than P45K150. Maximum decrease of radionuclides in the grain was noted in the variant P45K210 (Kmg).

The effect of mineral fertilizers on the yield and quality of hay of leguminous grasses

The article presents the results obtained in the stationary experiment of the Novozybkovskaya SHOS. In the experiment, single-species crops of yellow alfalfa, boneless stalk and grass mixtures based on them were studied against the background of various doses of potash fertilizers (K120-180). The influence of potash fertilizers on the yield and quality of legumes and cereals, their mixed crops and a decrease in the content of 137Cs in hay is considered. It was found that the highest yield of hay of perennial grasses in both the first and second mowing was obtained in the P60K180 variant. The highest level of hay yield among the studied crops was noted in a grass mixture of yellow alfalfa with a boneless stalk. In terms of the yield of feed units and exchange energy per hectare, the alfalfa + stalk grass mixture exceeded single-species crops. Studies have established that the guaranteed receipt of normatively clean feeds based on yellow alfalfa, boneless stalk and grass mixtures based on them is provided by the use of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer in a dose P60K120.

The effect of mineral fertilizers and long-term aftereffect of liming on the biological properties of light gray forest soil and the yield of meadow clover 1g .p. in the conditions of the South-East of the Volga-Vyatka region

The article deals with the influence of mineral fertilizers and the long-term aftereffect of liming on the biological properties of light gray forest soil and the yield of meadow clover 1 g.p. in the conditions of the South-East of the Volga-Vyatka region. The biological properties of light gray forest soil in 2020 were more influenced by the weather conditions of the pink clover vegetation and the culture itself than by the studied aftereffects of lime material and various doses of its mineral nutrition. The biological activity of the soil was in the range of 16.3–30.4%. The intensity of soil respiration was very weak and was in the range of 1.53–3.4 mg of CO2/10g for 24 hours. The average yield of the green mass of clover 1 g.p. (in terms of absolutely dry matter) was in the range of 30.4–33.2 t/ha (NSR05 by factor B-6.3) and did not depend on the aftereffect of the studied lime doses. The use of N45P120K180 doses of mineral fertilizers increases the average yield of pink clover 1 g.p. compared with the natural fertility of light gray forest soil and the variants of using N15P40K60 doses up to 37.9 t/ ha, which is by11.9 and 8.6 t/ha respectively higher than these variants (NSR05 for factor A-5.2). An increase was also obtained from the use of N30P80K120 doses of mineral fertilizers compared to the cultivation of clover according to natural soil fertility — by7.4 t/ha (NSR05 according to factor A-5.2).I n general, for 42 years of studying the aftereffect of liming it was shown, that by 2020 liming does not affect the biological properties of light gray forest soil and the yield of 1 g.p. clove according to all the studied doses of its use in the conditions of the South-East of the Volga-Vyatka region. The soil needs repeating of reclamation works.

The effect of mineral fertilizers on productivity of the new spring barley variety ‘Znatny’ in the non-blackearth part of the Russian Federation

An increase in spring barley acreage requires a detailed study of the interaction of agronomic and climatic factors, as well as the selection of a modern set of new varieties. The use of mineral fertilizers is one of the most important methods to improve the productivity of grain crops and maintain a deficit-free balance of mineral nutrients in arable soils. The current study of the effective use of various doses of mineral fertilizers (NPK) on the new spring barley variety ‘Znatny’ was carried out on dark-gray forest heavy loamy soil in 2018–2020 by the Institute of Seed production and Agrotechnologies, a branch of the Federal Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Research Agro-Engineering Center VIM”. There has been established that the date of the phenological phases and the length of interphase periods did not depend on fertilizer rates, but had a close correlation with weather conditions (r = +0.68). The analysis of the obtained data has shown that an increase in the rates of applied fertilizers increases the aboveground biomass, which, in turn, negatively affects productivity of the barley variety ‘Znatny’ (r = -0.77). The analysis of the yield structure and rates of fertilizers NPK has shown that in the trial, the spring barley productivity was influenced by 1000-grain weight (r = +0.60). There was found a high inverse correlation between productivity and length of head (r = -0.85). When length of head ranged from 7.5 to 8.4 cm, grain weight per head remained practically at the same level in all variants (1.1–1.2). This indicated that at a rate of N90P90K90 and N120P120K120, the variety ‘Znatny’ formed a not very dense head. Protein percentage at these rates also greatly reduced. According to the obtained data, an increase in the doses of applied fertilizers (N90Р90К90–N120Р120К120) resulted in the intensified development of most leaf diseases and a decrease in lodging resistance. Thus, the optimal dose of application of azophoska fertilizer on dark-gray forest soil is the norm N45P45K45, since on this option there was obtained maximum productivity and net income. the increase in the recom[1]mended norms of mineral fertilizers, sharply reduces profitability of crop cultivation.

Productivity of the facultative barley variety ‘Marusya’ depending on the use of mineral fertilizers and the growth retardant ‘Moddus’ in the southern part of the Rostov region

The current study was carried out in the southern part of the Rostov region at the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” in 2018–2020. The purpose of the study was to investigate the combined effect of mineral fertilizers and treatments with the growth retardant ‘Moddus’ on productivity of the barley variety ‘Marusya’. In the course of the study, there was identified high responsiveness of the facultative barley variety ‘Marusya’ to the use of mineral fertilizers. Without fertilization, the productivity was 3.46–3.59 t/ha, and 0.87–1.57 t/ha when using the fertilizers. The maximum productivity and protein percentage were established in the variants with the introduction of N79P82K57 according to the active ingredient, with 5.81 t/ha and 0.55 t/ha, respectively. The treatment of plants with the growth retardant ‘Moddus’ contributed to productivity increase on 0.13–0.22 t/ha on average over the years of study. Under the effect of the growth retardant ‘Moddus’, the number of productive heads increased on 5–19 pieces/m2 , there was also a tendency to an increase in the number of grains per head and grain weight per head. The growth retardant ‘Moddus’ contributed to a decrease in plant height on 3.6–5.6 cm, at the same time there was a tendency to increase length of head on 0.2–0.5 cm in comparison with the control variant. Mineral fertilizers effectively increased nature weight of the facultative barley variety ‘Marusya’. Without fertilization, nature weight of grain was 579 g/l and 584 g/l, and when using fertilizers, it increased on 16–27 g/l or 2.7–4.6%. Productivity increase in the variant when treating with the growth retardant ‘Moddus’ resulted in an increase of the indicator of conditional net income over the control variant on 745–1884 rubles/ha.

Impact of mineral fertilizers on yield and grain quality of spring wheat cultivar Marsianka

The article gives the results of studies on the effect of mineral fertilizers on yielding capacity and grain quality of a new variety of soft spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Marsianka. The research objectives included the study of mineral fertilizers impact on plant growth and development, ripening terms, yield structure, productivity, grain quality and economic efficiency of Marsianka cultivar. Field observations and laboratory assays of the obtained data confirmed that mineral fertilizers make a significant effect on plant growth and development, on yield components (the amount of productive stems, grain number per spike, thousand-grain weight) of the new variety. Resulting from the studies it has been established that the application of fertilizers rated for the planned yield 4.0 t/ha provides max. productivity 3.43 t/ha of good-quality grain containing crude protein 15.9 % and gluten 35.0 %. In terms of economic efficiency, the lowest prime cost of 1 t grain (5171.0 and 5242.1 rub.) and high payback level were obtained with N30 and N60 application. In these options, the cost recovery of 1 kg a. s. fertilizers was 11.6 and 10.7 kg of grain, respectively. The greatest pure income 15.2 thous. rub/ha was provided in the variant using N60P60K60. The further increase of fertilizers application rate leads to products overpricing and decline in economic indicators when cultivating the new spring wheat cultivar Marsianka.

Mineral fertilizers influence on the dynamics of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in corn area grown in the forest-steppe zone of Trans-Urals

The research was carried out in order to establish the effect of mineral fertilizers on the nutrient’s dynamics in corn crops. The experiment was carried out from 2016 to 2018 in Zavodoukovsky district of the Tyumen region. The experimental scheme provided for the option without using mineral fertilizers and with the introduction of NPK for the planned yields from 4.0 to 6.0 t/ha of corn grain. In the experiment, a hybrid Obsky 140 was sown; the seeding rate was 70 thousand plants per hectare. It was found that the introduction of mineral fertilizers provides an increase in the content of nitrate nitrogen by 20-25 mg/kg of soil; mobile phosphorus by 9-48 mg/kg. The studies revealed that one kilogram of the active ingredient of nitrogen fertilizers increases the NO3 content in the soil by 0.17 mg/kg; a kilogram of phosphorus fertilizers in the active ingredient increases P2O5 by 0.30 mg/kg; a kilogram of potash fertilizers in the active ingredient increases K2O in the soil by 0.33 mg/kg. During the growing season of maize, the content of nitrate nitrogen, mobile phosphorus, and potassium in the soil in the control decreases to 5, 58, and 93 mg/kg, respectively. On fertilized options, the decrease in nitrate nitrogen and phosphorus is less – 12-14 and 59-69 mg/kg. Whereas potassium decreases more significantly – 69-92 mg/kg.

Вплив технологічних заходів вирощування на розвиток кореневої системи та симбіотичну продуктивність еспарцету

An important factor in the feed industry intensification is the cultivation of perennial legumes, including sainfoin. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of mineral fertilizers and seed inoculation on the formation of the root system and the symbiotic productivity of different varieties of sainfoin grown on green fodder. Experimental studies were conducted during 2016-2018 on the research field of Forage Production, Land Reclamation and Meteorology Department, located at the NULES of Ukraine "Agronomic Research Station" on typical low-humus chernozem. According to the results of the research, it was established that on average in three years the biggest root mass - at the level of 52.7 t/ha was formed by sainfoin variety Amethyst Donetskyi with providing complete mineral fertilizer in the dose N45P60K90 and presowing seeds inoculation by Rhizotorphin. In plants of the same variant, the most developed symbiotic apparatus was also noted - in the flowering phase, the total number of tubers was 126 units/plant, and their weight was 3.444 g/plant. As a result of a strong root system of plants formation and a well-developed symbiotic apparatus, the amount of biologically fixed nitrogen under crops of sainfoin of variety Amethyst Donetskyi reached 143 kg/ha.