Effects Of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles Research Articles

Explore the effect of magnesium oxide nanoparticles decorated graphene oxide hybrid nanofillers reinforced polyaniline ternary nanocomposites on optical, thermal, and dielectric properties

The Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves utilized for the synthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs) are readily available and pose little risk of harm. The MgONPs@GO hybrid nanofillers are synthesized through in situ method and is reinforced with polyaniline (PANI) to enhance its electrical characteristics and thermal stability. The UV-visible spectroscopy demonstrates the formation of a charge transfer complex in the PANI/MgONPs@GO ternary nanocomposites. The presence of functional groups in the PANI/MgONPs@GO ternary nanocomposites was detected using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The crystalline phases of the PANI/MgONPs@GO ternary nanocomposites were validated using x-ray diffraction (XRD) investigation. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique was used to investigate the nanostructured morphology of the PANI/MgONPs@GO ternary nanocomposites. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the PANI/MgONPs@GO ternary nanocomposites exhibited greater thermal stability compared to the pure PANI. The AC conductivity (σ ac), dielectric permittivity (ε′), and dielectric loss (tanδ) of PANI/MgONPs@GO ternary nanocomposites exhibit a substantial increase compared to pure PANI.

Comparative Analysis of the Effects of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles on Sperm Parameters in Fresh and Frozen Samples.

Freezing is a crucial technique in reproductive science utilized for the preservation of sperm samples. However, the process of freezing and thawing sperm can result in detrimental effects on sperm quality. One of the major mechanisms underlying this decline in sperm quality is the generation of reactive oxygen species during the freeze process. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of magnesium oxide nanoparticles on frozen sperm parameters. Semen samples were collected from 8 fertile men, aged 30 to 42 years, with normozoospermia, following 3 to 5 days of abstinence. The samples were divided into fresh (n=3), freeze (n=3), and control (n=2) groups. Three fresh experimental groups were only exposed to MgO NPs with concentrations of 5, 25, and 50 μg/ml and three freezing experimental groups were frozen after being treated with MgO NPs, thawed, and analyzed after 30 min. Our findings revealed that the progressive movement and vitality of sperm experienced a significant decline, while non-progressive and immotile sperm showed a notable increase in both fresh and frozen experimental groups exposed to MgO NPs. However, the application of MgO NPs during fresh and freezing processes demonstrated an effective preservation of pH, morphology, and DNA fragmentation in sperm cells. The analysis revealed that MgO NPs negatively impact sperm motility and viability in both fresh and freeze analysis. Also, the use of MgO NPs in fresh and frozen processes effectively maintains the pH, morphology, and fragmentation of DNA in sperm cells.

Effect of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles (MgO) on Wastewater Treatment and Electric Current Generation Using Microbial Fuel Cell Technology

Effect of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles (MgO) on Wastewater Treatment and Electric Current Generation Using Microbial Fuel Cell Technology

Controlled delivery of procyanidin through magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) to improve the activity and mineralization of osteoblasts under oxidative stress in vitro

Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the microenvironment of osteoporosis (OP) not only accelerate the bone absorption, but also affect the osteogenic and mineralized effect of osteoblasts. Procyanidins (PC) have been reported to have anti-oxidation effects, but low bioavailability. This study aimed to explore the effect of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-PC NPs)-loaded PC on the osteogenesis and mineralization of osteoblasts that stimulated by H2O2. PC was loaded onto MgO NPs and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. After primary screening by cytotoxicity assay, MgO-PC NPs containing 20 μM of PC were chosen for further studies. In H2O2-stimulated osteoblasts, dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate probe, Cell Counting Kit-8, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, alkaline phosphatase staining/activity and Alizarin red staining were used to detect the ROS production, cell viability and osteogenic and mineralized markers of osteoblasts. PC was loaded onto MgO NPs to successfully receive MgO-PC NPs with a diameter of about 144 nm and negative potential. PC can sustain release from MgO-PC NPs for at least 16 d. The controlled release of PC from MgO-PC NPs can effectively eliminate ROS and thereby promoted the cell activity. Most importantly, the osteogenesis and mineralization of osteoblasts under oxidative stress were also significantly reversed by MgO-PC NPS. Thus, these findings indicate that MgO-PC NPs may be developed as a potential therapeutic strategy for OP.

Unveiling the molecular networks underlying cellular impairment in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: investigating the effects of magnesium oxide nanoparticles on cell wall integrity and endoplasmic reticulum stress response.

Nanoparticles, particularly magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs), are increasingly utilized in various fields, yet their potential impact on cellular systems remains a topic of concern. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying MgO-NP-induced cellular impairment in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with a focus on cell wall integrity, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, mitochondrial function, lipid metabolism, autophagy, and epigenetic alterations. MgO-NPs were synthesized through a chemical reduction method, characterized for morphology, size distribution, and elemental composition. Concentration-dependent toxicity assays were conducted to evaluate the inhibitory effect on yeast growth, accompanied by propidium iodide (PI) staining to assess membrane damage. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation was measured, and chitin synthesis, indicative of cell wall perturbation, was examined along with the expression of chitin synthesis genes. Mitochondrial function was assessed through Psd1 localization, and ER structure was analyzed using dsRed-HDEL marker. The unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway activation was monitored, and lipid droplet formation and autophagy induction were investigated. Results demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibition of yeast growth by MgO-NPs, with concomitant membrane damage and ROS accumulation. Cell wall perturbation was evidenced by increased chitin synthesis and upregulation of chitin synthesis genes. MgO-NPs impaired mitochondrial function, disrupted ER structure, and activated the UPR pathway. Lipid droplet formation and autophagy were induced, indicating cellular stress responses. Additionally, MgO-NPs exhibited differential cytotoxicity on histone mutant strains, implicating specific histone residues in cellular response to nanoparticle stress. Immunoblotting revealed alterations in histone posttranslational modifications, particularly enhanced methylation of H3K4me. This study provides comprehensive insights into the multifaceted effects of MgO-NPs on S. cerevisiae, elucidating key molecular pathways involved in nanoparticle-induced cellular impairment. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for assessing nanoparticle toxicity and developing strategies for safer nanoparticle applications.

Effect of magnesium oxide nanoparticles and LED irradiation on the viability and differentiation of human stem cells of the apical papilla.

Currently, regenerative endodontic treatments are gaining more and more attention, and stem cells play a significant role in these treatments. In order to enhance stem cell proliferation and differentiation, a variety of methods and materials have been used. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of magnesium oxide nanoparticles and LED irradiation on the survival and differentiation of human stem cells from apical papilla. The MTT test was used to measure the cell survival of SCAPs that had been exposed to different concentrations of magnesium oxide nanoparticles after 24 and 48h, and the concentration with the highest cell survival rate was picked for further studies. The cells were classified into four distinct groups based on their treatment: (1) control, which received no exposure, (2) exposure to magnesium oxide nanoparticles, (3) exposure to light emitting diode (LED) irradiation (635nm, 200mW/cm2) for 30s, (4) exposure simultaneously with magnesium oxide nanoparticles and LED irradiation. A green approach was employed to synthesize magnesium oxide nanoparticles. Quantitative real time PCR was used to measure the gene expression of osteo/odontogenic markers such as BSP, DSPP, ALP and DMP1 in all four groups after treatment, and Alizarin red S staining (ARS) was used to determine the osteogenic differentiation of SCAPs by demonstrating the Matrix mineralization. The highest viability of SCAPs was observed after 24h in concentration 1 and 10µg/mL and after 48h in concentration 1µg/mL, which were not significantly different from the control group. In both times, the survival of SCAPs decreased with increasing concentration of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs). According to the results of Real-time PCR, after 24 and 48h, the highest differentiation of BSP, DMP1, ALP and DSPP genes was observed in the LED + MgONPs group, followed by MgONPs and then LED, and in all 3 experimental groups, it was significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05). Also, after 24 and 48h, the density of ARS increased in all groups compared to the control group, and the highest density was observed in the MgONPs + LED and MgONPs groups. This research concluded that exposure to SCAPs, MgONPs, and LED irradiation has a significant effect on enhancing gene expression of odontogenic/osteogenic markers and increasing matrix mineralization.

Differential responses of Brassica napus cultivars to dual effects of magnesium oxide nanoparticles.

Magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) have great potential to enhance the crop productivity and sustainability of agriculture. Still, a thorough understanding is lacking about its essentiality or toxicity and precise dose for the safe cultivation of oilseed crops. Thus, we assessed the dual effects of MgO NPs (control, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 200mg/L) on the seed germination, growth performance, photosynthesis, total soluble protein, total carbohydrates, oxidative stress markers (hydrogen peroxide as H2O2 and superoxide anion as O2•‒), lipid peroxidation as MDA, and antioxidant defence machinery (SOD, CAT, APX, and GR activities, and GSH levels) of seven different oilseeds (Brassica napus L.) cultivars (ZY 758, ZD 649, ZD 635, ZD 619, GY 605, ZD 622, and ZD 630). Our findings revealed that low doses of MgO NPs (mainly at 10mg/L) markedly boosted the seed germination, plant growth (shoot and root lengths) (15‒22%), and biomass (fresh and dry) (11‒19%) by improving the levels of photosynthetic pigments (14‒27%), net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm), total soluble protein and total carbohydrates (16‒36%), antioxidant defence, and reducing the oxidative stress in B. napus tissues. Among all B. napus cultivars, these beneficial effects of MgO NPs were pronounced in ZD 635. ile, elevated levels of MgO NPs (particularly at 200mg/L) induced oxidative stress, impairedantioxidant scavenging potential, photosynthetic inhibition, protein oxidation, and carbohydrate degradation and lead to inhibit the plant growth attributes. These inhibitory effects were more pronounced in ZD 622. Collectively, low-dose MgO NPs reinforced the Mg contents, protected the plant growth, photosynthesis, total soluble carbohydrates, enzyme activities, and minimized the oxidative stress. While, the excessive MgO NP levels impaired the above-reported traits. Overall, ZD 622 was highly susceptible to MgO NP toxicity and ZD 635 was found most tolerant to MgO NP toxicity.

Antibacterial Activity of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles against MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Different Clinical Infections

In this study, 180 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from patients suffering from various infections, including urinary tract infections, burns, ear infections, tonsillitis, and pneumonia. Specimens were taken from patients hospitalized in Al-Hakim General Hospital, Al-Sadr Medical City, and the Burn Center in Najaf Al-Ashraf, and they were transferred to the Microbiology Laboratory in the Biology Department in the College of Science. P. aeruginosa have been isolated from Specimens taken from patients with these various infections. Isolation methods were different, including culture on MacConkey medium, blood agar, as well as various biochemical and Vitek tests. Susceptibility testing was also performed on these bacteria for six families according to CLSI. These families are penicillins, aminoglycosides, carbopenems, cephalosporins, fluoroquinins, and lipopeptides. It was noted that forty isolates were multi-resistant to these antibiotics. It was also revealed that resistant isolates formed biofilms using a flat microliter. The effectiveness of domestic and imported magnesium oxide nanoparticles on resistant isolates was conducted. These two types were taken at concentrations of 100, 150, and 200 μg/ml. Imported MgO nanoparticles were more effective than domestic ones. It was also observed that the effect of magnesium oxide nanoparticles on resistant bacteria increased with increasing concentration. Antibiotics resistant to Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria were also taken and mixed with imported and local magnesium oxide nanoparticles with an optimal concentration of (200) μg/ml. The effect of magnesium oxide nanoparticles combined with antibiotics was greater than if the nanoparticles were alone.

Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles: An Influential Element in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) Tissue Culture

Nanotechnology is a rapidly growing field of science and technology that deals with the development of new solutions by understanding and controlling matter at the nanoscale. Since the last decade, magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) have gained tremendous attention because of their unique characteristics and diverse applications in materials sciences and because they are non-toxic and relatively cheaply available materials. MgO-NPs can improve plant growth and contribute to plant tolerance of heavy metal toxicity. The effects of MgO-NPs on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) plants were surveyed under in vitro conditions to find the optimum combination for cowpea tissue culture. The MgO-NPs used in the study were synthesized using walnut shell extract by the green synthesis method. MgO nanoparticles with 35–40 nm size was used in this research. When the size distribution of the MgO-NPs’ structure was examined, two peaks with 37.8 nm and 78.8 nm dimensions were obtained. The zeta potential of MgO-NPs dispersed in water was measured around −13.3 mV on average. The results showed that different doses of MgO-NPs applied to cowpea plant on all in vitro parameters significantly affected all measured parameters of cowpea plantlets under in vitro condition in a positive way. The best results in morphogenesis were MS medium supplemented with high MgO-NP applications (555 mg/L), resulting in a 25% increase in callus formation. The addition of Mg-NPs in the induction medium at concentrations at 370 mg/L increased shoot multiplication. The highest root length with 1.575 cm was obtained in MS medium containing 370 mg/L MgO. This study found that MgO-NPs greatly influenced the plantlets’ growth parameters and other measured traits; in addition, our results indicate that the efficiency of tissue culture of cowpea could be improved by increased application of MgO in the form of nanoparticles. In conclusion, the present work highlights the possibility of using MgO-NPs in cowpea tissue culture.

Evaluating the effect of magnesium oxide nanoparticles on the thermal energy storage characteristics of the inorganic PCM

Thermal storage with phase changing materials (PCM) has got the attention of the researchers in recent days. Among the PCMs, inorganic salt hydrates are having high potential to act as thermal storing medium due to their large latent content. However, they lack large-degree supercooling and have issues with phase segregation. In the present study, the thermal characteristics of sodium acetate trihydrate (SAT) have been studied under the influence of different weight fractions (0.0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1.0%) of MgO nanoparticles (nano-MgO). Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) has been used as the thickener, and nano-MgO has been tested as the nucleating medium. The results demonstrated that the use of 0.75% nano-MgO with SAT is suggested as the best composition to augment the thermal characteristics of SAT PCM. With 0.75% nano-MgO, the supercooling of the SAT was reduced to 0.32 °C, and the thermal conductivity of the SAT was enhanced by 40.94%. Nonetheless, the latent heat of the SAT PCM had not been significantly affected by the addition of nano-MgO until its fraction of 0.75%.

Effect of magnesium oxide nanoparticles locally or systemic with hydroxyapatite on regeneration of radial fracture in rabbits

Study aimed to develop and test effect of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs) and hydroxyapatite (HA) with gel on repair of distal radius transverse fractures. MgONPs concentrations 200 μg /ml were dissolved in 1 ml distilled water, stirred for 10 minutes, 0.5 mg HA in 1 ml gel, shaking for 15 minutes. These materials were tested in vitro. Forty adult male rabbits, at 1.5 to 2 years old and weighing 1.7-2.3 kg. Rabbits were divided into 2 groups: Rabbits were given intramuscularly 40 mg/kg B.W ketamine hydrochloride, 5 mg/ kg B.W xylazine to anesthetic before operations. A 5 cm incision was made in the skin of forelimb cranio-medially, transverse fracture was induced. MgONPs/HA/gel applied locally group (A). While HA/gel was applied locally, MgONPs were intraperitoneally injected group (B). Clinical examination revealed excellent apatite with minor swelling at the fracture site. At 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th weeks, Radiographic evaluation revealed group A had periosteal reaction within fracture site, at 2nd week post-operatively, group B had active periosteal reaction at fracture site. At 4th week, callus bridge connected two ends of fracture in group A. At same time, a visible callus crossed two ends of fracture in group B.

Human tau fibrillization and neurotoxicity in the presence of magnesium oxide nanoparticle fabricated through laser ablation method

In this study, the acceleratory effect of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) on the amyloid fibrillization of human tau protein, a major protein involved in the onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was investigated. The MgO NPs were fabricated through laser ablation synthesis in solution (LASiS), well-characterized, and explored further for tau aggregation and relevant neurotoxicity by different assays. The results showed that the MgO NPs have a size of around 30 nm, a hydrodynamic radius of 57.09 nm, and a zeta potential of −18.06 mV. The data from ThT and ANS fluorescence-based assays along with circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy clearly indicated that MgO NPs could significantly promote tau fibrillization, concentration-dependently. Considering the acceleratory effect of MgO NPs against tau fibrillization, cellular assays including cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and caspase-3 assays indicated that the neurotoxicity of tau amyloid fibrils formed with MgO NPs was higher than that of tau samples aged alone against N2a neuron-like cells. Therefore, it was concluded that the interaction of MgO NPs with tau can lead to acceleration of tau aggregation and underlying neurotoxicity. This study, then can provide useful information about the direct effect of MgO NPs against memory proteins and subsequent adverse effects.

Effect of magnesium oxide nanoparticles, hydroxyapatite and hydrogel on regeneration of transverse fracture of distal radius

Study's purpose of this study is to conduct synthesis and evaluate the effect of hydroxyapatite (HA) with hydrogel locally magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPS) locally or intraperitoneally (IP) on the healing of the distal third radial fracture. Concentrations of MgONPs 200μg/ml, dissolved in 1 cc distilled water and the solution stirred by a stirrer for 10 min. HA 0.5 mg in 1ml hydrogel and the solution stirring at the vortex for 15 min. These materials were evaluated in vitro to ensure their suitability with the tissues. Seventy-five healthy adult male rabbits, aged about 1.5- 2 years old with average weighting 1.7- 2.3 Kg. B.W were used. Rabbits were divided into three groups randomly (n=25), group A (HA mixed hydrogel applied locally), group B (HA mixed with hydrogel and MgONPs applied locally) and group C (HA mixed hydrogel applied locally and MgONPs IP). Animals were anesthetized by i.m 40 mg/ kg B.W ketamine hydrochloride and 5mg/ kg B.W xylazine. A 5cm incision had made cranio-medially in the skin of the forelimb (right forelimb) and exposure radius and ulna. The macroscopic evaluation revealed that all groups at 2nd week showed bone reaction in different degrees.

Experimental Investigation of Spirulina Microalgae Biodiesel with Metal Nanoadditive on Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine

Nanoparticles are an emerging concept for increasing fuel properties. The purpose of this research work is to determine the effect of magnesium oxide nanoparticles on the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines that run on a spirulina microalgae biodiesel blend (B20) as a fuel. The ultrasonication was used to disperse MgO nanoparticles in B20 fuel at various concentrations (25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm). The significant findings indicated that B20+100 blends reduced specific fuel consumption by 20.1% and had a 5.09% higher brake thermal efficiency than B20. B20+100 blends reduced CO, hydrocarbon, and smoke emissions by a maximum of 32.02%, 30.03%, and 26.07%, respectively, compared to B20.

Investigating the reliability of nano-concrete at different content of a nano-filler

Owing to the exceptional characteristic features of substances at their nano-scale, the inclusion of nanoparticles in cementitious materials is being evolved as a potential phenomenon under investigation. The main purpose of this present research work is to examine the sustainability aspects of concrete that has been mixed with a nano-sized filler. Obviously, this study investigates the effect of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (nano-MgO) on the durability of structural concrete at different concentrations. Three distinct nano-MgO dosages such that 2 %, 4 %, and 6 % had been used. The intensity of moisture absorption, the number of cracks, the gross ruptured region per unit area, and the sorptivity of the nano-concrete samples have been determined to assess the reliability of concrete. The results indicate that whenever the nano-MgO percent of the nano-concrete is maintained within a certain limit of 4.0 %, the addition of nano-MgO would considerably boost its durability by improving inhibition to porosity and fracture. The durability of nano-concrete enhanced first and then decreased when the nano-MgO content increased over 4.0 %. The degree of moisture absorption of the typical cementitious material had been increased by 44.73 % with a 4 percent inclusion of nano-MgO. Similarly, with a 4.0 % nano-MgO inclusion, the total fracture region per unit area of nano-concrete was reduced by 82.70 percent. An overabundance level of nano-MgO may reduce overall durability of the nano-concrete. If the nano-MgO proportion was maintained at 4.0 %, then the nano-concrete has become more reliable.

The Effect of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles on the Bonding Strength of Soft Denture Liner to the Denture Material

The Effect of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles on the Bonding Strength of Soft Denture Liner to the Denture Material

Effect of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles and Banana Peels on the Gel Strength of Water Base Mud

Gel strength is a very important drilling fluid property as it represents the ability of the drilling fluid to suspend cuttings. Failure to use a mud of right gel strength could result in stuck pipe due to poor cutting suspension and formation damage due to high circulation pressure to break the gel. Nanoparticles (NPs) are considered as very good candidates for smart drilling fluid formation adequate in getting the desired gel strength because it can be used to achieve fluids with tailor made rheological properties, due to their unique physio-chemical properties. This work experimentally looked at determining the effect of magnesium oxides nanoparticles and banana peel on the gel strength of water base mud. Laboratory preparations of four different samples of the mud which include magnesium oxide (MgO) NPs and banana peel were used in this study. The results obtained as represented in a gel strength against time plot shows that sample 1 produced a progressive type gel which started flattened at 1 Ibf/100ft2 with 10sec and 10min gel strength, but increased as static time increases. Sample 2 produced a flat-type gel which started of flat at 2 Ibf/100ft2 with the 10sec and 10min gel strength as same, but didn’t progress steadily as the static time increases. Samples 3 produced a flat-type gel at 10 sec and 10 min; however, a high progressive type gel was obtained when the static time was increased. Also, samples 4 produced low flat-type gel as at 10 sec and 10 min and at higher static time, it maintained a flat type gel when compared to other samples. The use of MgO NPs and banana peel affected the gel strength by increasing it to a desirable type of gelation that can prevent stuck pipe and formation damage which is associated with high circulation pressure needed to circulate the drilling mud. Keywords: Banana Peel, Gel Strength, Mud, Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles, Bentonite Clay, Local Additives DOI: 10.7176/JEES/11-10-08 Publication date: October 31 st 2021

Effect Of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles On Growth And Biochemical Content Of Blue-green Alga Wollea Salina

The current study aimed to test the blue-green alga Wollea salina on growth in culture media containing different concentrations of magnesium nanoparticles in addition to the control group (free of nanomaterials) in order to find out the effect of those minutes on the algae's physiology by studying their effect on the growth rate and chlorophyll-a Carotenoids, proteins, carbohydrates and fats. The alga under study was classified according to microscopy and based on some taxonomic keys after it was isolated, purified, and then grown in culture medium (BG-11). Three cultures containing three different concentrations of nano-magnesium oxide solution (93.8, 187.5,281.3) mg/L were used to compare that with the growth in the culture medium (control) free of these substances, to be then produced with biomass. For the purpose of ascertaining and knowing the size of the nanoparticles at the nanoscale, the nanocomposites of magnesium oxide were examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The height of the molecular assemblies of the magnesium nanoparticles was determined, and the height of the molecular assemblies was 466 nm, with an average particle size of 35 nm. The algae were also photographed with a Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) before and after treatment with magnesium nanoparticles, where the pictures showed the presence of morphological changes at the cellular level for these isolates. The growth rate was (0.388) for W. salina at a concentration of (187.5) mg/l of magnesium oxide (MgO NPS), while the results recorded the highest growth rate when the control treatment (without nanomaterials) was (0.507). Representative dyes were also studied, including chlorophyll-a, and the results showed that the highest value of chlorophyll-a at concentration (281.3) mg/l of MgO NPS was (1.068) µg/l. Also, it was noted that the highest value of carotenoid dye was recorded at a concentration of (281.3) mg/l of MgO NPS, which reached (0.992) µg /l. The highest value of protein (23.63) mg/L was recorded at a concentration of (281.3) mg/L of MgO NPS. As for the total carbohydrates, its content was (4.30) mg/L at concentration (281.3) mg/L compared to the control (4.37) mg/L. The results also recorded an increase in the algae's total fat content of( 0.058) g/l at the concentration (281.3) mg/l of MgO NPS compared to the control treatment, which recorded a total fat content of (0.048) g/l). The results of the statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences between the nanocomposites used in the study represented by magnesium in their effect on the physiology of the algae under study, and the control unit (without nanomaterials) at a significant level of p&lt;0.05.

Effect of nano-magnesium oxide and harmonic scalpel on lung lobectomy healing in dogs: Clinical and cytokine study

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of magnesium oxide nanoparticles and the role of the harmonic scalpel in lung tissue healing at the site of a middle lobe resection of the right lung. Twenty-four adult domestic dogs were used. They were randomly divided into two equal groups (control and treated group). The middle lobe of the right lung was excised by harmonic scalpel with titanium clamps to control bleeding and infiltration of air bubbles. The clinical and physiological condition of the animals was studied in the two-week period after surgery and molecular evaluation at time of zero, first, third, fifth, seventh, fourteenth, twenty-first, twenty-eighth, and thirty-fifth days after operation by interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α. The result of clinical observation showed that dogs in both groups took 2-4 days after the operation to gain full activity. The heart and respiratory rate were within the normal level before and during the operation, and when the animal began to recover, the heartbeat and respiratory rate began to rise with irregularity and the irregularity continued for 3-5 hours after the completion of the operation and then returned to its normal level within 24 hours after the operation. These changes in heart rate and respiratory system were observed in all treated animals, while heart rhythm and respiratory rates persisted in the control group until several days after the operation. In the molecular evaluation, the results for interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α showed a significant difference in the mean values ​​of these two factors between control and treated.

Role of magnesium oxide nanoparticles in the mitigation of lead-induced stress in Daucus carota: modulation in polyamines and antioxidant enzymes

During the current study, the effects of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (5 mmol/L) were observed on the growth and mineral nutrients of Daucus carota under lead (Pb) stress. The results demonstrated that Pb stress decreased the growth and photosynthetic rate of D. carota plants. Furthermore, Pb stressed plants showed decreased uptake of mineral nutrients including Zn, Na, Fe, K, Ca, Mg, K, and Cu. Similarly, Pb stressed plants showed enhanced electrolyte leakage (EL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. However, magnesium oxide nanoparticles detoxified ROS to mitigate Pb stress and improved the growth of plants. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles also escalated the activity of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT). A higher amount of Pb content was observed in the roots as compared to the shoot of plants. Lead toxicity reduced manganese accumulation in D. carota plants. The increased concentration of iron, manganese, copper, and zinc advocates stress the ameliorative role of Pb stress in plants. Novelty statement The role of MgONPs in the alleviation of Pb-toxicity in Daucus carota has never been exploited. In addition, the potential of MgONPs to enhance nutritional content in D. carota via modulation in antioxidant system and polyamines have never been reported.