Effect Of Indole-3-acetic Acid Research Articles

Exploring the synergistic effects of indole acetic acid (IAA) and compost in the phytostabilization of nickel (Ni) in cauliflower rhizosphere

Heavy metals (HMs) contamination, owing to their potential links to various chronic diseases, poses a global threat to agriculture, environment, and human health. Nickel (Ni) is an essential element however, at higher concentration, it is highly phytotoxic, and affects major plant functions. Beneficial roles of plant growth regulators (PGRs) and organic amendments in mitigating the adverse impacts of HM on plant growth has gained the attention of scientific community worldwide. Here, we performed a greenhouse study to investigate the effect of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA @ 10− 5 M) and compost (1% w/w) individually and in combination in sustaining cauliflower growth and yield under Ni stress. In our results, combined application proved significantly better than individual applications in alleviating the adverse effects of Ni on cauliflower as it increased various plant attributes such as plant height (49%), root length (76%), curd height and diameter (68 and 134%), leaf area (75%), transpiration rate (36%), stomatal conductance (104%), water use efficiency (143%), flavonoid and phenolic contents (212 and 133%), soluble sugars and protein contents (202 and 199%), SPAD value (78%), chlorophyll ‘a and b’ (219 and 208%), carotenoid (335%), and NPK uptake (191, 79 and 92%) as compared to the control. Co-application of IAA and compost reduced Ni-induced electrolyte leakage (64%) and improved the antioxidant activities, including APX (55%), CAT (30%), SOD (43%), POD (55%), while reducing MDA and H2O2 contents (77 and 52%) compared to the control. The combined application also reduced Ni uptake in roots, shoots, and curd by 51, 78 and 72% respectively along with an increased relative production index (78%) as compared to the control. Hence, synergistic application of IAA and compost can mitigate Ni induced adverse impacts on cauliflower growth by immobilizing it in the soil.

Ameliorative effect of indole acetic acid and naphthalene acetic acid on some biochemical parameters of soybean exposed to lead toxicity

Ameliorative effect of indole acetic acid and naphthalene acetic acid on some biochemical parameters of soybean exposed to lead toxicity

IAA regulated levels of endogenous phytohormones in relation to chilling tolerance in cold-stored peaches after harvest

The effects of indoleacetic acid (IAA) treatment on chilling injury and endogenous phytohormones in peach fruit were studied. The results showed that IAA treatment decreased chilling injury index of cold-stored peaches, effectively maintaining fruit firmness and reducing the electrical conductivity level. IAA treatment upregulated the expression of IAA biosynthetic gene PpMES and signaling pathway gene PpSAUR, but reduced the transcript abundance of IAA degradative genes PpDAO, PpGH3, and PpIAMT, leading to endogenous IAA accumulation in treated peaches. Meanwhile, after IAA treatment, contents of melatonin and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were also increased which was associated with the upregulation of their anabolic genes and downregulation in GABA catabolic genes. In addition, the levels of abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA) were reduced in treated peaches due to its modification in the transcript levels of ABA and GA metabolic genes. Collectively, IAA could alleviate the symptoms of chilling injury in peach fruit via regulating contents of endogenous phytohomones such as IAA, melatonin, GABA and GA.

Modulation of salt stress through application of citrate capped silver nanoparticles and indole acetic acid in maize

The present study was conducted to determine the effect of indole acetic acid (IAA) and Citrate Capped Silver Nanoparticles (Cit-AgNPs) on various attributes of maize under induced salinity stress. Seeds of the said variety were collected from Cereal Crop Research Institute (CCRI) Pirsabaq, Nowshera, sterilized and sown in earthen pots filled with 2 kg silt and soil (1:2) in triplicates in the green house of the Botany Department, University of Peshawar. Nanoparticles were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential thermal analysis (DTA). Results of SEM revealed spherical morphology of Cit-AgNPs while EDX showed various elemental composition. TGA showed dominant weight loss up to 300 °C while the DTA showed major exothermic peaks at 420 °C. High Salinity concentration (80 mM) imposed significant detrimental impacts by reducing the agronomic attributes, photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes and antioxidant enzymes, which was remarkably ameliorated by the foliar application of Cit-AgNPs and IAA. Agronomic attributes including leaf, root and shoot fresh and dry weight was improved by 52–74%, 43–69% and 36–79% in individual as well as combined treatments of IAA and NPs. Photosynthetic pigments were amplified by 35–63%, total osmolytes were augmented by 39–68% and antioxidant enzymes including SOD and POD were boosted by 42–57% and 37–62% respectively, in combined as well as individual application. Conclusively, Cit-AgNPs are considered as salt mitigating entities that enhance the tolerance level of crop plants along with IAA, which may be beneficial for the plants growing in saline stressed environment.

Ameliorative Effects of Indole Acetic Acid and Naphthalene Acetic Acid on Some Biochemical Parameters of Soybean Exposed to Lead Toxicity

Lead (Pb) is a potential pollutant that readily accumulates in soils. IAA and NAA belongs to plant hormone auxin that promote plants growth. This work aim at examining possible ameliorative effects of Indole acetic acid (IAA) and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on some biochemical parameters of soybean exposed to Pb toxicity. Seeds of soybean (TGX 1835-10E) genotype were sown in 5kg bags of soil containing 1000mg/L of Lead nitrate (PbNO3). 40mg/L, 80 mg/L and 120mg/L each of IAA and NAA were prepared and applied by foliar method after 5 weeks of planting. Photosynthetic pigments, mineral elements and antioxidant enzymes were determined on the root, stem and leaf after 7 weeks of planting. Data were analysed using anova at 5% level of significance. The results showed that the level of chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid, mineral elements and antioxidant enzymes significantly increased in the root, stem and leaf of soybean treated with different concentration of Indole acetic acid (IAA) and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) as compared with the control (C+ve). All bioregulators (IAA and NAA) concentrations significantly decreased in the level of Pb2+ (except 40mg/L IAA in the root and leaf while all concentration have significant effects in the stem) and also all concentration of (IAA and NAA) significantly increased in the level of biochemical parameters to different extent as compared to control(C+ve). These results show that Indole acetic acid (IAA) and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) could ameliorate the Pb toxicity and therefore will be of relevance to agricultural producers.

Effect of Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) by Serratia marcescens strain MBC1 on Soybean (Glycine max L.) Germination

Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) is one type of hormone that can stimulate plant growth. IAA hormone is able to accelerate plant growth, especially in the early stages of growth. IAA hormones are not always found in plants, one of which can be found in microorganisms. Rhizobacteria group have the ability to produce IAA hormones. This study aims to determine whether the IAA produced by Serratia marcescens strain MBC1 is able to accelerate the germination process of soybean seeds (Glycine max L.). The results of the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) giving the production of IAA Serratia marcescens strain MBC1 of 8.31 ppm and 9.35 ppm to soybean seed germination significantly increased root length and stem length. The increase in germination from the administration of IAA Serratia marcescens MBC1 was still smaller than the positive control using synthetic IAA with a concentration of 8 ppm which was able to significantly increase soybean germination.

Comparative Effect of Indole Acetic Acid and Salicylic Acid on Phytochemical Constituents and Antioxidant Potential of Three Genotypes of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum (L.) Mill)

Indole acetic acid (IAA) and salicylic acid (SA) are plant bioregulators that stimulate the desired growth and quality response in crops. This study examined the impacts of IAA or SA seed pre-treatment on phytochemical constituents and antioxidants potential in three genotypes of tomato plant. The results indicated that IAA and or SA treatments increased height of the three genotypes of tomato significantly (P ≤ 0.05) when compared with the control group. Lycopene, total flavonoid and phenolic contents of genotypes F2 cobra and panther 17 F1 treated with 40, 80, and 120 mg/L concentrations of IAA, respectively increased significantly as compared to the control group. Furthermore, IAA and or SA significantly increased H2O2 scavenging activity of F1 KIARA by 5.0% compared to the control (0.2%). Genotype F1 KIARA treated with IAA and or SA (80 and 120 mg/L) had a significant increase in DPPH scavenging activity by 55.0% and 53.0% respectively, relative to control group (11%). The Fe2+-chelating activity of IAA-treated (80 mg/L) F1 KIARA and F2 COBRA increased by 56.0% and 17.0%, respectively compared to the control. The synergistic effect of IAA and SA showed a significant effect on phytochemical constituents and antioxidant potential than individual treatment. The results showed that IAA application or in combination with SA could be used as an alternative bio-stimulant to improve the quality of tomato.

Effects of indole acetic acid on the growth and selenium absorption characteristics of Cyphomandra betacea seedlings

To study the effects of indole acetic acid (IAA) on the growth and selenium (Se) absorption of fruit tree, a pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different concentrations involved in the spraying of 0 (the control), 30, 60, 90, and 120 mg/L IAA on the growth and Se uptake of C. betacea seedlings. The concentrations of 30, 60, and 90 mg/L IAA increased the various organs’ biomass and net photosynthetic rate of C. betacea seedlings compared to the control, while the concentration of 120 mg/L IAA had no significant effect on that. Only the concentration of 60 mg/L IAA increased the chlorophyll (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll) contents in C. betacea seedlings compared to the control. The concentrations of 30, 60, and 90 mg/L IAA also increased the antioxidant enzymes’ (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase) activities and soluble protein content of C. betacea seedlings compared to the control. For Se content, compared to the control, the concentrations of 60 and 90 mg/L IAA increased the Se contents in roots, stems, leaves, and shoots of C. betacea seedlings, and also enhanced the Se bioconcentration factor. Therefore, spraying IAA with the appropriate concentration (60–90 mg/L) could promote the C. betacea seedlings’ growth and Se absorption, and the best concentration was 60 mg/L IAA.

Crosstalk between auxin and gibberellin during stalk elongation in flowering Chinese cabbage

Plant growth and development are tightly regulated by phytohormones. However, little is known about the interaction between auxin and gibberellin acid (GA) during flower stalk elongation and how it is directly related to organ formation. Therefore, the effects of indole acetic acid (IAA) and GA3 treatments and their interaction on flower stalk elongation in flowering Chinese cabbage were investigated. The growth of flowering Chinese cabbage is regulated by IAA and GA3, and the opposite results were observed after treatments with uniconazole (GA synthesis inhibitor) and N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) (auxin transport inhibitor). Anatomical analysis of the pith region in stalks revealed that IAA promoted expansion via signal transduction and transport pathways. GA3 regulated the elongation of flower stalks by controlling GA synthesis and partially controlling the IAA signaling pathway. GA3 also had a stronger effect on stalk elongation than IAA. The results of qRT-PCR and histological analysis revealed that GA3 and IAA induced the expansion of cell walls by activating the expression of genes encoding cell wall structural proteins such as Expansin (EXP). These findings provide new insights into the mechanism of stalk formation regulated by the combination of IAA and GA3.

Effect of Indole 3-Acetic Acid (IAA) and 6-Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) on Nannochloropsis sp. culture growth

One of the factors influencing the growth of Nannochloropsis sp. is the composition of culture media. The addition of growth regulators in the form of auxins and cytokines in culture media can increase the growth of microalgae. This study aims to examine the effect of IAA (auxin) and BAP (cytokinin) with various concentrations on biomass, chlorophyll content and carbohydrate content of Nannochloropsis sp. culture. Nannochloropsis sp. culture was treated with IAA and BAP in concentration variations each consisting of 0, 0.1, 1, 10 ppm with 3 replications. Data were analyzed with two way ANOVA at 95% confidence level and Tukey follow-up test. The results showed that the combination treatment of IAA and BAP did not affect the chlorophyll-a content of Nannochloropsis sp. culture, but it affected the biomass with the highest P16 (I10B10) of 3.65 g/L and carbohydrate content with the highest content in P4 (I10B0) of 0.30 mg/L. The highest chlorophyll-a content was found in P15(I1B10) of 5.574 mg/L, increased by 6 % compared to controls. Whereas the lowest chlorophyll-a content was found in P12(I10B1) of 1.563 mg/L, decreased by 70 % compared to the control.

Comparative Effects of Indole Acetic Acid on Photosynthetic Pigments and Mineral Contents of Two Genotypes of Okra Under Salinity Stress

Salinity stress causes a major threat to crops productivity across the globe. The effects of salt stress on photosynthetic pigments and minerals content were studied in this research work. The seeds of the two genotypes of okra (47-4 and LD 88) were pre-soaked in the solutions of IAA (0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 mM concentrations) and the seeds were sown in 10 kg of soil in polyethene bags already contained 0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl respectively. Salinity stress significantly reduced photosynthetic pigments and minerals content of the two genotypes of okra. Treatment of okra seeds with IAA at varying concentrations improved salt tolerance of the two genotypes, which is evident with increase photosynthetic pigments and minerals concentrations under salinity stress relatives to the negative control groups. Finally, we can infer from the results of this study that pre-soaked seeds with 0.4 mM IAA significantly ameliorated the effects of salinity on the two genotypes of okra, and this concentration could serve as a promising phytohormone for okra plant under moderate and severe salt levels.

Stress Ameliorative Effects of Indole Acetic Acid on Hordeum vulgare L. Seedlings Subjected to Zinc Toxicity

The heavy metals present in the environment accumulate in the plants and affect their productivity and yield. By entering the food chain, metals cause several serious health problems in human beings as well as in other organisms. Indole acetic acid (IAA) is known to act as a signaling molecule between symbiotic association of metal accumulating plants and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Present study demonstrated a protective role of IAA against surplus Zinc (Zn)-induced toxicity to Hordeum vulgare seedlings. Elevated Zn concentrations suppressed the plant growth, caused a reduction in leaf relative water contents (RWC) and elevated free proline and non-protein thiols (NPT) accumulation. Zinc treatment also led to enhanced lipid peroxidation (MDA contents) as well as the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), showing the involvement of antioxidative defense mechanism to reduce Zn induced toxicity. IAA oxidase activity was also observed to increase due to Zn treatment. IAA pretreatment of H. vulgare caryopsis could partly revert the Zn-induced toxicity in seedlings.

Effects of indole acetic acid (IAA) hormone and bitter apple extract on growth development and nutrient content of mung bean plant in vitro

Background and objectives: Mung bean is an important bean crop in Arab region and other Asian Countries. It is used as different kinds of food sources. The objective of the experiment was to investigate the effect of bitter apple (Handal) extract and plant hormone [indole-3 acetic acid (IAA)] on the growth, development and nutrient content of mung bean (Vigna radiata) plant In vitro. Materials and Methods: Handal fruits were ground with motor and pestle by adding 30 ml distilled water. Then extract was filtered and kept it in the refrigerator. Four replicates were made from fruit sample. 50ppm Indole 3-Acitic Acid was chosen as auxin. Results: Germination percentage was found higher in the IAA (50ppm) treated plant followed by water control, fruit extract and leaf extract. The lowest germination rate was found in the leaf extract treated plant. However, the shoot and leaf growth (length) were higher in the leaf extract treated plant than other like fruit extract, IAA 50ppm and water control treatments. Root length was higher in the IAA treated plant than that of other treatments. Moreover, nutrient content like K and NO3 was found higher in the leaf treated plant compared to other treatment followed by fruit extract, IAA 50ppm and water control treatment. = Conclusion: The results conclude that IAA (auxin like hormone) was the best for germination and root growth and leaf and fruit extract were the best for shoot and leaf growth of mung bean plant.

Effects of indole acetic acid (IAA) hormone and bitter apple extract on growth development and nutrient content of mung bean plant in vitro

Mung bean is an important bean crop in Arab region and other Asian Countries. It is used as different kinds of food sources. The objective of the experiment was to investigate the effect of bitter apple (Handal) extract and plant hormone [indole-3 acetic acid (IAA)] on the growth, development and nutrient content of mung bean (Vigna radiata) plant In vitro. Handal fruits were ground with motor and pestle by adding 30 ml distilled water. Then extract was filtered and kept it in the refrigerator. Four replicates were made from fruit sample. 50ppm Indole 3-Acitic Acid was chosen as auxin. Germination percentage was found higher in the IAA (50ppm) treated plant followed by water control, fruit extract and leaf extract. The lowest germination rate was found in the leaf extract treated plant. However, the shoot and leaf growth (length) were higher in the leaf extract treated plant than other like fruit extract, IAA 50ppm and water control treatments. Root length was higher in the IAA treated plant than that of other treatments. Moreover, nutrient content like K and NO3 was found higher in the leaf treated plant compared to other treatment followed by fruit extract, IAA 50ppm and water control treatment. The results conclude that IAA (auxin like hormone) was the best for germination and root growth and leaf and fruit extract were the best for shoot and leaf growth of mung bean plant.

Exogenous indole acetic acid alleviates Cd toxicity in tea (Camellia sinensis)

Cadmium (Cd), a toxic heavy metal, restrains the growth and development of plants and threatens global food safety. Many studies on the alleviation of heavy metal toxicity by exogenous phytohormones have emerged, but reports on tea (Camellia sinensis) are still scarce. In this study, the effects of indole acetic acid (IAA) (2μM and 10μM) on Cd uptake and on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of the 'Xiangfeicui' tea cultivar were investigated for the first time. The order of Cd accumulation in tea seedlings was root>stem>mature leaf>tender leaf. Under Cd stress (30mgkg-1), photosynthetic pigment levels, antioxidant enzyme activity, root vigor, root IAA content, and the levels of most metabolites (including caffeine, soluble sugar, total amino acids, some amino acid components, and most catechins) were significantly reduced, while levels of malondialdehyde, proline, epicatechin, and some amino acids increased. We therefore propose that by reducing Cd accumulation, exogenous IAA can lessen the adverse effects of Cd on the physiology and biochemistry of tea seedlings, promoting the growth of healthier tea plants.

Effects of Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) and Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) to The Growth and Rooting of Ironwood (Eusideroxylon zwageri Teijsm. & Binn.) Air Layering

Due to over exploitation, the population of Eusideroxylon zwageri is decreasing drastically. One simple technique to conserve the last remaining genetic resources of E. zwageri is by air layering. The experiment was divided into two. The experiment was conducted from July 2018 to February 2019. The first experiment was conducted using branches that grew from coppices while the second experiment using twigs that grew from normal adult trees. Randomized Block Design was applied with three replicates. The treatments were consisted of nine concentration of auxin namely 0 ppm of auxin; 1, 000 ppm; 1,500 ppm; 2,000 ppm and 2,500 ppm of IAA and 1,000 ppm; 2,000 ppm; 3,000 ppm and 4,000 ppm of IBA. The result of experiment shows that the IBA growth regulator seems to be more effective in regulating growth and rooting of E. zwageri air layering compared to IAA. Results for air layering which was taken from coppices revealed that 1,000 ppm of IBA obtained the best results. Air layering of branches taken from coppice is possible even without any additional growth regulator. While, air layering of twigs which was taken from normal trees revealed that the best treatment is 3,000 ppm of IBA.

Modelling and Optimizing Pyrene Removal from the Soil by Phytoremediation using Response Surface Methodology, Artificial Neural Networks, and Genetic Algorithm

This study aimed to model and optimize pyrene removal from the soil contaminated by sorghum bicolor plant using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with Genetic Algorithm (GA) approach. Here, the effects of indole acetic acid (IAA) and pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria on increasing pyrene removal efficiency by phytoremediation process was studied. The experimental design was done using the Box-Behnken Design (BBD) technique. In the RSM model, the non-linear second-order model was in good agreement with the laboratory results. A two-layer Feed-Forward Back-Propagation Neural Network (FFBPNN) model was designed. Various training algorithms were evaluated and the Levenberg Marquardt (LM) algorithm was selected as the best one. Existence of eight neurons in the hidden layer leads to the highest R and lowest MSE and MAE. The results of the GA determined the optimum performance conditions. The results showed that using indole acetic acid and pseudomonas bacteria increased the efficiency of the sorghum plant in removing pyrene from the soil. The comparison obviously indicated that the prediction capability of the ANN model was much better than that of the RSM model.

Synergistic Effect of Indole Acetic Acid and Gibberellic Acid on Mung Bean Grown under Sandy Soil Conditions

Synergistic Effect of Indole Acetic Acid and Gibberellic Acid on Mung Bean Grown under Sandy Soil Conditions

Chemical root-pruning of Moringa oleifera for improved seedling growth

Low survival rates in greenhouse raised Moringa oleifera seedlings after transplanting had been ascribed to rapid growth rates and poorly formed and etiolated stems. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of indole acetic acid (IAA) on above-ground vegetative growth of M. oleifera seedling when used as root pruning agent. Hardened-off uniform one-month-old M. oleifera seedlings were transplanted in 20-cm-diameter plastic pots containing pasteurised loam soil and Hygromix at 3:1 (v/v) ratio. A week after transplanting, IAA concentrations of 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, 6.4, 12.8, 25.6 and 51.2 mg mL−1 distilled water with G49 wetting agent and sticker were applied weekly to the respective plants. The effects of IAA concentrations were highly significant (P ≤ .01) on plant height, leaf number, dry root mass and significant (P ≤ .05) on stem diameter, which were further subjected to the lines of the best fit. Leaf number, plant height and stem diameter over increasing IAA concentrations exhibited positive quadratic relations, with the relationships being explained by 99, 98 and 98%, respectively. However, dry root mass and increasing concentrations of IAA exhibited negative quadratic relations, with the relationship being explained by 98%. At low concentrations, IAA increased plant height, number of leaves and stem diameter, whereas, at high concentration, the material reduced plant variables. However, all concentrations used reduced dry root mass. In conclusion, IAA was able to reduce root growth and promote shoot growth, with optimum for M. oleifera seedling growth established at a concentration level of 1.98 mg mL−1.

Improving quality and quantity of mungbean plant via foliar application of plant growth regulators in sandy soil conditions

BackgroundTwo field experiments were carried out in Researches and Production Station of National Research Centre, Al-Nubaria District, Al Behaira Governorate, Egypt. To study the effect of indole acetic acid (IAA) and /or gibberellic acid (GA3) on growth, photosynthetic pigments, yield, and chemical composition of mungbean seeds, different concentrations of IAA and/or GA3 were used.ResultsResults indicated that all treatments caused significant increases in morphological criteria, biochemical parameters, and yield of mungbean plants. IAA or GA3 with 50 mg/l concentration recorded the best values growth photosynthetic pigments, as well as, endogenous auxins, GA3, and cytokinins. Interaction of IAA 50 mg/l + GA3 50 mg/l gave the most effective treatment. The superiority of treatment IAA 50 mg/l, GA3 50 mg/l, and interaction of IAA 50 mg/l + GA3 50 mg/l recorded the same trend due to yield and yield components in characters’ plant height, pods no./plant, pods weight/plant, seeds no./pod, seed yield, straw yield, biological yield, total carbohydrates, protein in seeds (%), and N in seeds (%).ConclusionIt could be concluded that foliar spray of 50 mg/l IAA + 50 mg/l GA3 was the most effective treatment on increasing growth and yield of mungbean.