Health-promoting Effects Research Articles

The Potential Use of Vitamin D3 and Phytochemicals for Their Anti-Ageing Effects.

Unlike other vitamins, vitamin D3 is synthesised in skin cells in the body. Vitamin D3 has been known as a bone-related hormone. Recently, however, it has been considered as an immune vitamin. Vitamin D3 deficiency influences the onset of a variety of diseases. Vitamin D3 regulates the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) through binding to vitamin D receptors (VDRs) in immune cells. Since blood levels of vitamin D3 (25-OH-D3) were low in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, there has been growing interest in the importance of vitamin D3 to maintaining a healthy condition. On the other hand, phytochemicals are compounds derived from plants with over 7000 varieties and have various biological activities. They mainly have health-promoting effects and are classified as terpenoids, carotenoids, flavonoids, etc. Flavonoids are known as the anti-inflammatory compounds that control TNF-α production. Chronic inflammation is induced by the continuous production of TNF-α and is the fundamental cause of diseases like obesity, dyslipidaemia, diabetes, heart and brain diseases, autoimmune diseases, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer. In addition, the ageing process is induced by chronic inflammation. This review explains the cooperative effects of vitamin D3 and phytochemicals in the suppression of inflammatory responses, how it balances the natural immune response, and its link to anti-ageing effects. In addition, vitamin D3 and phytochemicals synergistically contribute to anti-ageing by working with ageing-related genes. Furthermore, prevention of ageing processes induced by the chronic inflammation requires the maintenance of healthy gut microbiota, which is related to daily dietary habits. In this regard, supplementation of vitamin D3 and phytochemicals plays an important role. Recently, the association of the prevention of the non-disease condition called "ME-BYO" with the maintenance of a healthy condition has been an attractive regimen, and the anti-ageing effect discussed here is important for a healthy and long life.

Acerola (Malpighia emarginata) Anti-Inflammatory Activity-A Review.

The manuscript provides an overview of recent scientific reports on the properties and range of health-promoting effects of acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC) fruits and leaves. Acerola is a natural raw material that, in its unprocessed form, is known to be a rich source of vitamin C and polyphenolic compounds. For this reason, the consumption of acerola may provide a number of health-promoting benefits, particularly related to its strong anti-free radical effects. The review discusses anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects of acerola fruit and leaves as well as its therapeutic effects on selected physiological processes in the human system. Their biochemical mechanisms are also explained. Recommendations for the consumption of acerola in the prevention of inflammatory and free radical diseases are presented. The part of the article devoted to anticancer effects of acerola describes the possibilities of using the edible parts of this raw material to obtain products and preparations of potential use in cancer prevention and therapy.

Dietary supplementation of water extract of Eucommia ulmoides bark improved caecal microbiota and parameters of health in white-feathered broilers.

Eucommia ulmoides has been used as a food and medicine homologue for a long time in China. We hypothesize that Eucommia ulmoidesachieves its health-promoting effects via altering gut microbiota. Here, we investigated the effects of water extract of Eucommia ulmoides bark on caecal microbiota and growth performance, antioxidant activity, and immunity in white-feathered broilers treated for 42 days. A total of 108 one-day-old Cobb white-feathered broilers were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: control diet, 0.75% Eucommia ulmoides diet (EU Ⅰ) and 1.5% Eucommia ulmoides diet (EU Ⅱ). The results showed that EU Ⅱ treatment improved average body weight (ABW), thigh muscle quality and total length of intestines, and decreased the serum total triglycerides and total cholesterol (TC) (p < 0.05). Eucommia ulmoides supplementation increased serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total antioxidant activities and content of immunoglobulins, and reduced levels of malondialdehyde and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (p < 0.05). Moreover, the supplementation increased the diversity of caecal microbiota and reduced the pathogenic genera Escherichia Shigella and Helicobacter. The genera Ochrobactrum, Odoribater, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Georgenia and Bifidobacterium were positively associated with the ABW, total intestinal length, serum levels of GSH-Px, SOD and immunoglobulins (p < 0.001) and negatively associated with the TC and TNF-α (p < 0.01), suggesting an association of the changes of gut microbiota and improvement of broiler health. Meanwhile, Eucommia ulmoides supplementation enriched the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway of exocrine secretion from the pancreas, circadian entrainmentand inhibited lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. In conclusion, Eucommia ulmoides water extract can be used as a feed additive to improve poultry industry production.

Exploring morphological variability, in vitro antioxidant potential, and HR-LCMS phytochemical profiling of Phlomis cashmeriana Royle ex Benth. across different habitats of Kashmir Himalaya.

Phytochemicals are broadly acknowledged for their health-promoting effects owing to the fact of their capacity to counteract free radicals (e.g., superoxide anion radical, hydroxyl radical, hydroperoxyl radical, singlet oxygen, hypochlorite, and nitric oxide) and shield against oxidative stress induced by environmental factors. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between altitude, morphology, soil parameters, in vitro antioxidant potential and phytochemical composition ofPhlomis cashmerianacollected from four different locations of Kashmir Himalaya characterized by diverse habitats and elevations. Various factors, such as extraction method, solvent polarity, and habitat conditions, can impact the quantity and efficacy of phytochemicals in plants. The aim of current study was to analyze phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of P. cashmeriana, an important medicinal plant found in the Kashmir Himalaya region. The antioxidant activity was accessed using several assays and the plant populations were selected based on their diverse habitat features and altitudes. HR-LCMS was conducted for both below-ground and above-ground parts. Some important compounds such as, catechin, vinainsenoside, acutilobin, and kaempferol were reported for the first time from P. cashmeriana. Results showed that methanol was the most efficient solvent for extracting phytochemicals. During the current study, it was also found that the below-ground parts exhibited superior antioxidant activity compared to the above-ground parts. Notably, Site IV demonstrated the highest antioxidant potential; a positive correlation between altitude and antioxidant activity was also found. In conclusion, present research identified specific elite populations having highest antioxidant potential and are well-suited for large-scale cultivation of P. cashmeriana.

Harnessing the endogenous Type I-C CRISPR-Cas system for genome editing in Bifidobacterium breve.

Bifidobacterium breve, one of the main bifidobacterial species colonizing the human gastrointestinal tract in early life, has received extensive attention for its purported beneficial effects on human health. However, exploration of the mode of action of such beneficial effects exerted by B. breve is cumbersome due to the lack of effective genetic tools, which limits its synthetic biology application. The widespread presence of CRISPR-Cas systems in the B. breve genome makes endogenous CRISPR-based gene editing toolkits a promising tool. This study revealed that Type I-C CRISPR-Cas systems in B. breve can be divided into two groups based on the amino acid sequences encoded by cas gene clusters. Deletion of the gene coding uracil phosphoribosyl-transferase (upp) was achieved in five B. breve strains from both groups using this system. In addition, translational termination of uracil phosphoribosyl-transferase was successfully achieved in B. breve FJSWX38M7 by single-base substitution of the upp gene and insertion of three stop codons. The gene encoding linoleic acid isomerase (bbi) in B. breve, being a characteristic trait, was deleted after plasmid curing, which rendered it unable to convert linoleic acid into conjugated linoleic acid, demonstrating the feasibility of successive editing. This study expands the toolkit for gene manipulation in B. breve and provides a new approach toward functional genome editing and analysis of B. breve strains.IMPORTANCEThe lack of effective genetic tools for Bifidobacterium breve is an obstacle to studying the molecular mechanisms of its health-promoting effects, hindering the development of next-generation probiotics. Here, we introduce a gene editing method based on the endogenous CRISPR-Cas system, which can achieve gene deletion, single-base substitution, gene insertion, and successive gene editing in B. breve. This study will facilitate discovery of functional genes and elucidation of molecular mechanisms of B. breve pertaining to health-associated benefits.

Interactions between proteins and phenolics: effects of food processing on the content and digestibility of phenolic compounds.

Phenolic compounds have recently become one of the most interesting topics in different research areas, especially in food science and nutrition due to their health-promoting effects. Phenolic compounds are found together with macronutrients and micronutrients in foods and within several food systems. The coexistence of phenolics and other food components can lead to their interaction resulting in complex formation. This review article aims to cover the effects of thermal and non-thermal processing techniques on the protein-phenolic interaction especially focusing on the content and digestibility of phenolics by discussing recently published research articles. It is clear that the processing conditions and individual properties of phenolics and proteins are the most effective factors in the final content and intestinal fates of phenolic compounds. Besides, thermal and non-thermal treatments, such as high-pressure processing, pulsed electric field, cold plasma, ultrasonication, and fermentation may induce alterations in those interactions. Still,new investigations are required for different food processing treatments by using a wide range of food products to enlighten new functionaland healthier food product design, to provide the optimized processing conditions of foods for obtaining better quality, higher nutritional properties, and health benefits. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

The Influence Of Health Promotion Using Lecture Method Using Comic Media On Dental And Oral Health Knowledge In Class III Students At State Primary School 1 Pangkajene District Sidenreng Rappang

Introduction: Dental and oral health has a big influence on preventing cavities or caries, gingivitis, perioldolitis, and also preventing bad breath. Diseases affecting the teeth and mouth, causing complaints of pain. School-aged children 6-12 years old are the age category at risk of developing cavities or caries. Age 6-12 years is the age when milk teeth begin to replace permanent teeth. One of the causes of the prevalence of dental and oral diseases in Indonesian children is the low level of knowledge about dental and oral health. Objective: to determine the effect of health promotion using the lecture method using kolmik media on dental and oral health knowledge in class III students at Pangkajene 1 Elementary School, Sidenreng Rapang Regency. Method: This type of research is quantitative research with a research design using a pre-experimental design, namely Olne Group Pretest and Polstest. The sample used was 31 people taken using the Total Sampling technique. Results: Before being given health promotion using the lecture method using comic media with a number of 54 with poor criteria and after being given health promotion using the lecture method using comic media with a number of 80 with good criteria. There was a level of increase in knowledge, namely 26. And the significance value was using the Paired T Test. namely 0.01 &lt; 0.05 so that the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted

Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and toxicity studies of Schima wallichii growing in Nepal

ABSTRACT The present study focuses on qualitative and quantitative phytochemical and biological analysis in bark and leaf extracts of Schima wallichii growing in Gulmi, Nepal. TPC and TFC were measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and the aluminum chloride colorimetric method, respectively. The DPPH assay was used for antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial activity was studied with the agar-well diffusion method. The presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, quinones, coumarins, saponins, terpenoids, and tannins was detected by qualitative phytochemical analysis. Total phenolic content in an aqueous leaf extract and methanol bark extract ranged from 199 ± 5 to 219 ± 8 mg GAE/g. Similarly, the flavonoid content found between 6.0 ± 1.7 in bark to 33 ± 2 mg QE/g in leaf extract. The antioxidant activity of IC50 36 ± 3, 39 ± 1, 52 ± 3, and 73 ± 4 µg/mL for methanolic bark extract, methanolic leaf, aqueous bark, and aqueous leaf extracts, respectively. The bark methanol extract showed the most antibacterial activity with ZOI of 10.0 ± 0.3, 8.0 ± 0.3, 14 ± 0, and 11 ± 1 mm against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli, respectively. Plant extracts were found to be nontoxic to mildly toxic to the brine shrimp nauplii. The plant is found to be rich in phenolics, and flavonoids showing significant antioxidant and antibacterial activities, and is nontoxic against brine shrimp nauplii. The plant imparts a health-promoting effect that needs to be explored in pharmaceutical research.

Supplemented Infant Formula and Human Breast Milk Show Similar Patterns in Modulating Infant Microbiota Composition and Function In Vitro.

The gut microbiota of healthy breastfed infants is often dominated by bifidobacteria. In an effort to mimic the microbiota of breastfed infants, modern formulas are fortified with bioactive and bifidogenic ingredients. These ingredients promote the optimal health and development of infants as well as the development of the infant microbiota. Here, we used INFOGEST and an in vitro batch fermentation model to investigate the gut health-promoting effects of a commercial infant formula supplemented with a blend containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (20 mg/100 kcal), polydextrose and galactooligosaccharides (PDX/GOS) (4 g/L, 1:1 ratio), milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) (5 g/L), lactoferrin (0.6 g/L), and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, BB-12 (BB-12) (106 CFU/g). Using fecal inoculates from three healthy infants, we assessed microbiota changes, the bifidogenic effect, and the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production of the supplemented test formula and compared those with data obtained from an unsupplemented base formula and from the breast milk control. Our results show that even after INFOGEST digestion of the formula, the supplemented formula can still maintain its bioactivity and modulate infants' microbiota composition, promote faster bifidobacterial growth, and stimulate production of SCFAs. Thus, it may be concluded that the test formula containing a bioactive blend promotes infant gut microbiota and SCFA profile to something similar, but not identical to those of breastfed infants.

The Immunomodulatory Effects of Sulforaphane in Exercise-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: A Prospective Nutraceutical.

Sulforaphane (SFN) is a promising molecule for developing phytopharmaceuticals due to its potential antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. A plethora of research conducted in vivo and in vitro reported the beneficial effects of SFN intervention and the underlying cellular mechanisms. Since SFN is a newly identified nutraceutical in sports nutrition, only some human studies have been conducted to reflect the effects of SFN intervention in exercise-induced inflammation and oxidative stress. In this review, we briefly discussed the effects of SFN on exercise-induced inflammation and oxidative stress. We discussed human and animal studies that are related to exercise intervention and mentioned the underlying cellular signaling mechanisms. Since SFN could be used as a potential therapeutic agent, we mentioned briefly its synergistic attributes with other potential nutraceuticals that are associated with acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. Given its health-promoting effects, SFN could be a prospective nutraceutical at the forefront of sports nutrition.

Assessment of the changes in product characteristics, total ascorbic acid, total flavonoid content, total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of dried soursop fruit tea (Annona muricata L.) during product storage.

Soursop (Annona muricata L.) fruit tea is a health-beneficial product that promotes economic development and addresses the issue of excessive agricultural waste. Prolonging the shelf-life of soursop fruit tea has been of scientific interest currently. This study evaluated the effects of three types of packaging materials of soursop fruit tea (e.g., paper, paper-combined Polyetylen (PE), and aluminum-combined PE) and different storage temperatures (5, 15, 30, and 45°C) on various product characteristics, total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total ascorbic acid (TAA), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH)/2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging capacity during 4 weeks of storage. The results revealed that the sample stored in aluminum-combined PE packaging at 30°C retained most of the product's characteristics and nutritional values. This was evidenced by the moisture content of 2.49%, TAA of 3.9 ± 1.4 mg/100 g dry weight, TPC of 12.89 ± 0.47 mgGAE/g, TFC of 0.54 ± 0.004 mgQE/g, DPPH scavenging activity of 4.06 ± 0.02 mgAA/g, and ABTS scavenging activity of 13.34 ± 0.32 mgAA/g. Additionally, the microbiological quality of the sample met the standard of TCVN 9740:2013. Overall, the study highlights the importance of packaging materials and storage temperatures to maintain the nutritional quality of soursop fruit tea. It provides valuable insights into the suitable storage conditions for preserving the quality and health-promoting effects of this product.

Exercise couples mitochondrial function with skeletal muscle fiber type via ROS-mediated epigenetic modification

Skeletal muscle is a heterogeneous tissue composed of different types of muscle fibers, demonstrating substantial plasticity. Physiological or pathological stimuli can induce transitions in muscle fiber types. However, the precise regulatory mechanisms behind these transitions remains unclear. This paper reviews the classification and characteristics of muscle fibers, along with the classical mechanisms of muscle fiber type transitions. Additionally, the role of exercise-induced muscle fiber type transitions in disease intervention is reviewed. Epigenetic pathways mediate cellular adaptations and thus represent potential targets for regulating muscle fiber type transitions. This paper focuses on the mechanisms by which epigenetic modifications couple mitochondrial function and contraction characteristics. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are critical signaling regulators for the health-promoting effects of exercise. Finally, we discuss the role of exercise-induced ROS in regulating epigenetic modifications and the transition of muscle fiber types.

Effect of kefir and soy yogurt consumption on serum IGF-1 levels in young healthy women

Background:Milk and dairy product intake are associated with higher IGF-1 concentrations, a well-known factor promoting adverse events such as carcinogenesis. Different associations with high levels of IGF-I were found for dairy protein such as milk and derivatives, and soy protein. In this contest, fermented milk product (kefir)exhibits a growing number of health-promoting effects including stimulation of the immune system, and antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activity, but there is a lack of data on healthy humans. Objectives: We aimed to determine the serum IGF-1 profiles of young healthy volunteers of the female sex after kefir or soy yogurt consumption during a Mediterranean diet.Materials and Methods: The study was conducted by monitoring the serum IGF-1 levels of female participants, following a normocaloric and normoproteic Mediterranean Diet, at the baseline (T0) and after 40 days of which the first 20 days (T1) consuming 125g of kefir, and the last 20 days (T2) consuming 125g of soy yogurt. Results: A total of 10 female participants were enrolled in the study (age=26.1± 2.9). The IGF-1 level was in the range of normality for all the participants except for one participant (T0=245 ± 61, T1=227 ± 58, T2= 239 ± 55). The mixed-model analysis revealed statistically significant differences in IGF-1 levels by diet (p=0.014; η2p=0.49). In particular, post-hoc analysis revealed a lower value after 20 days of kefir diet compared to both baseline (p= 0.014) and 40 days of diet (p=0.163). Conclusion: Caloric and protein intake have been suggested to influence circulating IGF-I, promoting carcinogenesis. Kefir consumption could improve the IGF-1 levels. Our data suggest that the inclusion of whole milk kefir in a normocaloric and normoprotein diet promotes blood IGF-1 levels in healthy young women as compared to soy yogurt consumption, reinforcing the beneficial effect of fermented milk on metabolic disorders. The interpretation of this result will need to be better investigated in further studies on large sample sizes.Keywords: IGF-1, Kefir, normocaloric diet, soy yogurt

Sleep Attributes Influencing Cardiovascular Morbidity Among Young Adults Pursuing Professional Courses in Dehradun, India: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are evolving as a cause of mortality and morbidity among young adults. Young adults, particularly those pursuing professional courses in colleges, face unique challenges that may influence their risk of developing CVD. Despite screening guidelines, CVD risk factors often go undetected in the young population, highlighting the need for increased awareness among adolescents. Sleep is an essential indicator of well-being, and its impact on cardiovascular risk factors is increasingly being recognized. An observational cross-sectional study was conducted among young adults aged 18 to 24 years pursuing professional courses in Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. A total of 156 participants were recruited through multistage, systematic random sampling, and snowball sampling. Data on sleep patterns and cardiovascular morbidity were collected using a pretested questionnaire. Among the study participants, 46.8% reported having less than four hours of sleep on average, and 25% were suffering from sleep problems. The prevalence of diagnosed CVDs was low, with 6.14% reporting arrhythmias and 3.84% reporting hypertension. An association was found between sleep duration, sleep problems, and the presence of CVDs. Participants with shorter sleep durations and more severe sleep problems had a higher prevalence of CVDs. The findings suggest that sleep duration and sleep problems may be modifiable risk factors for CVDs among young adults. Effective health promotion activities focusing on behavior and lifestyle modifications are essential to preventing CVDs from an early age. The study emphasizes the importance of early intervention and health promotion strategies to reduce CVD risk factors in this population. Community-based research and behavior change communication initiatives are recommended to promote healthy sleep habits and prevent cardiovascular diseases among young adults beyond the college setting.

Effects of Astaxanthin Supplementation on Fatigue, Motor Function and Cognition: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Dietary astaxanthin supplementation has been demonstrated to have many beneficial and health-promoting effects. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effect of astaxanthin supplementation on fatigue, cognition, and exercise efficiency. A total of 11 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 346 healthy participants were included. The random effects model and pooled standardized mean difference (SMDs) were used according to Hedge's g for the meta-analysis, and a meta-regression was also conducted. The results of the two existing studies showed a positive trend for astaxanthin in subjective fatigue relief. The effects of astaxanthin supplementation for 8-12 weeks on cognitive accuracy were marginally significant (SMD: .12; 95% CI: -.02-.26) and on reaction time was not significant (SMD: -.08; 95% CI: -.26 to .10). Remarkably, astaxanthin supplementation combined with regular training could enhance the fat oxidation (SMD: 2.56; 95% CI: 1.24-3.89), and significantly improve the physical performance (SMD: .62; 95% CI: .17-1.06). The subgroup analysis further showed significantly greater benefits when performing the aerobic exercises performance (SMD: .45; 95% CI: .13-.76), when the dose was ≥ 20mg (SMD: .37; 95% CI: .11-.63), and when the supplementation duration was > 12 weeks (SMD: .66; 95% CI: .13-.63). We conclude that astaxanthin supplementation could significantly enhance aerobic exercise efficiency, especially at higher doses and for longer durations. Further studies based on large sample sizes are imperatively warranted.

The Interplay of Health Behaviour within Social, Cultural, and Political Contexts: An Integrative Review

This integrative review examines the multifaceted interplay of health behaviour within social, cultural, and political frameworks, emphasising the transition from a reductionistic to a holistic paradigm in understanding health dynamics. Recognising health as more than the absence of disease, the paper underscores the significance of lifestyle factors in modern morbidity and mortality, advocating for health promotion strategies that include lifestyle modifications and legislative measures. Delving into systems research, it highlights the importance of socio-political and ecological factors in shaping health behaviours, exploring the evolution of the concept of a healthy lifestyle as a dynamic and interconnected phenomenon. The review further discusses the implications of social determinants, technological advances in gathering longitudinal health data, and the impact of social discrimination and interpersonal dynamics on health behaviours. Innovative research concepts integrating social and behavioural sciences, such as complex systems, social genomics, and epigenetics, are explored. The paper culminates by drawing parallels between the health behavioural approaches to HIV and COVID-19, illustrating the necessity of a multidisciplinary, multi-level approach to health behaviour research and policymaking. This comprehensive review emphasises the need for an integrated understanding of health behaviours, considering individual, community, and societal influences to inform effective health promotion and disease prevention strategies.

The Potential Health-promoting Effects of Specific Phytochemical Found in Fruits and Vegetables: a Mini Review

This systematic review investigates the diverse array of phytochemicals present in fruits and vegetables, assessing their potential for enhancing health. Phytochemicals have attracted significant interest due to their noteworthy biological properties. The primary aim of this review is to gather and meticulously evaluate contemporary research in order to explain the precise health advantages linked to certain phytochemicals present in different fruits and vegetables. The method involves performing extensive searches in major academic databases, including papers published during a certain timeframe. The predetermined criteria for inclusion are thoroughly evaluated and undergo a rigorous examination of quality. The research involves the discovery of crucial phytochemicals, the clarification of their mode of action, and the examination of their influence on human health.

THE INFLUENCE OF HEALTH PROMOTION ON THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE REGARDING CLEAN AND HEALTHY LIVING BEHAVIOR

Background: The elementary school age period is often referred to as the intellectual period. At the developmental stage, elementary school children are 6-12 years old. During this period, children are relatively easier to educate than before and after. During this period, children are more likely to experience various kinds of diseases. Health problems that often occur in children are caused by a lack of clean and healthy living behavior. Health promotion is an effort in health education in schools. Objectives: The aim of conducting this research is to determine the effect of health promotion on children's knowledge and attitudes about PHBS. Design: This research method uses a pre-experimental one group pretest and posttest design. Methods: This research was carried out in August 2023 at SDN 3 Mancar, Peterongan, Jombang Regency. The population in this study was all students in grades IV and V at SDN Mancar 3, Peterongan, Jombang Regency, totaling 47 students and the sample in the research was some students at SDN Mancar 3, Peterongan, Jombang Regency, totaling 42 respondents. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. This research instrument uses a questionnaire and instruments for health promotion using an outreach program unit (SAP). The statistical test used is the Marginal Homogeneity test using SPPS 19 for Windows with a significance level of 0.05 (95% confidence level). Results: The results of statistical tests stated that the respondents' PHBS knowledge before treatment was in the sufficient category (40.5%). After treatment, respondents' knowledge was in the good category (50%). Before treatment, the PHBS attitude of respondents was in the good category (61.9%). After treatment, respondents' attitudes increased to the good category (85.7%). The statistical results of respondents' knowledge show a p-value of 0.000 and the respondents' attitudes show a p-value of 0.008, which means that there is an influence of health promotion on children's knowledge and children's attitudes about PHBS. Conclusion: Based on the results of this research, it is hoped that health workers can provide health information to improve students' knowledge and attitudes in carrying out PHBS.

Multifunctional Pomegranate Peel Microparticles with Health-Promoting Effects for the Sustainable Development of Novel Nutraceuticals and Pharmaceuticals.

Recovering the bioactive components from pomegranate peel (PP) in the fruit-processing industry has attracted great attention in terms of minimizing the waste burden, as well as providing a new source of a multitude of functional compounds. The present study aimed to develop a feasible microencapsulation process of PP extract by using pectin and a pectin/2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) blend as coating materials. Microsized powders obtained by a spray drying technique were examined in terms of technological characteristics, exhibiting high powder yield and desirable moisture content, flowability, and cohesive properties. Assuming that the interactions with the used biopolymers occur on the surface hydrophobic domain, their presence significantly improved the thermal stability of the microencapsulated powders up to 200 °C. The health-promoting effects of PP have been associated with its high content in ellagitannins, particularly punicalagin. The obtained PP powders exhibited strong antioxidant and hypoglycemic potential, while an antimicrobial assay revealed their potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Additionally, an in vitro release study suggested that the used biopolymers can modify the release of target bioactive compounds, thus establishing a basis for developing an oral-controlled release system. Altogether, biowaste valorization from PP by the production of effective multifunctional microsized powders represents a sustainable way to obtain novel nutraceuticals and/or pharmaceuticals.

Bioactive Components, Applications, Extractions, and Health Benefits of Winery By-Products from a Circular Bioeconomy Perspective: A Review.

Significant waste streams produced during winemaking include winery by-products such as pomace, skins, leaves, stems, lees, and seeds. These waste by-products were frequently disposed of in the past, causing resource waste and environmental issues. However, interest has risen in valorizing vineyard by-products to tap into their latent potential and turn them into high-value products. Wine industry by-products serve as a potential economic interest, given that they are typically significant natural bioactive sources that may exhibit significant biological properties related to human wellness and health. This review emphasizes the significance of winery by-product valorization as a sustainable management resource and waste management method. The novelty of this review lies in its comprehensive analysis of the potential of winery by-products as a source of bioactive compounds, extraction techniques, health benefits, and applications in various sectors. Chemical components in winery by-products include bioactive substances, antioxidants, dietary fibers, organic acids, and proteins, all of which have important industrial and therapeutic applications. The bioactives from winery by-products act as antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticancer agents that have proven potential health-promoting effects. Wineries can switch from a linear waste management pattern to a more sustainable and practical method by adopting a circular bioeconomy strategy. Consequently, the recovery of bioactive compounds that function as antioxidants and health-promoting agents could promote various industries concomitant within the circular economy.