Effect Of Groundwater Level Research Articles

The Effect of Ground Water Level on Water Movement in Peat: A Study Using Tritiated Water

The Effect of Ground Water Level on Water Movement in Peat: A Study Using Tritiated Water

Influence of the groundwater level on the botanical composition and productivity of intensively managed grassland on heavy clay soil.

In periods with a precipitation excess and in many springs the grass yield of old grassland and leys on a heavy river-clay soil was highest on the deepest drained plots. In dry periods the yield decreased with increasing depth of drainage. In the wet periods yields were affected by differences in N supply; in dry periods water supply was the main limiting factor. With grazing, grass growth and utilization were unfavourably affected by high groundwater levels in wet periods. The botanical composition of the sward changed gradually under the effect of groundwater level, but true moisture or drought indicators did not occur. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

The effect of ground water-level on the yield of some common crops on a fen peat soil

An account is given of a field experiment in the control of ground water-level in a Fen peat soil, together with its results on the yields of crops in a six-course rotation.The seasonal variations in rainfall are presented in terms of potential evaporation and soil moisture deficit. The effect of the water-level on the moistness of the soil above it is indicated. Even in a wet summer, drying was perceptible within 18–20 in. of the ground water-level between successive falls of rain.The fluctuations of the ground water-levels are discussed. Those of the high water-levels were chiefly due to individual incidences of rain causing rises short in duration, but sufficient in the case of water-levels within 20 in. of the surface to cause total waterlogging and surface ponding. Those of the deep water-levels were most influenced by evaporation, with steady and persistent falls during any rain-free period.The deterioration of the physical condition of the soil over high water-levels is shown in the result of sieving tests. In 6 years the loss of tilth over waterlevels within 20 in. of the surface was very marked and was discernible over those as low as 30 in.The possibilities of effectively using high ground water-levels occasionally in soils in good condition are shown by the results with celery and potatoes.

The effect of ground water-level upon productivity and composition of fenland grass (II)

1. Further studies were carried out during 1950 on the effects of different ground water-levels upon the productivity and composition of Italian ryegrass grown on a calcareous light peat soil. The season was an unusually wet one, in contrast with the dry season experienced in 1949.2. Seven successive cuts were taken during the season from each of two crops of ryegrass, one following a crop of marrow-stem kale, and the other a crop of celery. Different amounts of a general compound fertilizer had been applied.3. Generally, the findings confirmed those of the previous year's investigation. High ground waterlevel (approximately 18 in. below ground surface) had a deleterious effect upon the yield and quality of ryegrass as reflected by its protein content, compared with the medium and low water-levels (23 and 30 in. below ground surface, respectively).4. The high water-level also had a depressing effect upon the percentage of potassium and magnesium in the grass, but had no consistent effect upon calcium and phosphorus. The silica content rose steadily in all cases as the season advanced, as occurred in the previous year.5. Residual manuring effects were well marked in the crop following celery. The total yields of dry matter from the medium and low water-levels considerably exceeded those of similar plots following kale, and the protein contents were also appreciably higher. This demonstrates the advantages of a high soil nutrient status, under conditions of suitable water-levels, for a crop of fenland grass.6. A high water-level inhibited growth and quality, irrespective of the nutrient status of the soil.

The effect of ground water-level on the performance and yield of some common crops

1. Observations made on growing a series of crops in rotation over a range of static ground water-levels in a Fen peat soil are recorded.2. The crops used show differences in their reaction to ground water conditions, and the seasonal incidence of rain has an overriding influence on their performance.3. The effects of ground water-level may operate directly on the growth and development of a crop or may influence it indirectly through factors such as weed infestation, difficulties of cultivation, or the incidence of disease.

Studies on the Effect of Ground Water Level upon the Development of Rape-Seed

1) In this study, Intended to clear the effect of ground water level upon the growth of rape plant. 2) In this experiment, I made the ground water level of each plots as follows; 9cm, 15cm, 21cm, under the surface of ridge and the control. 3) In productivity and various characters those seem to be the factors of productivity, there were remarkable differences between 9cm plot and the other plots, but among 15cm plot, 21cm plot, and the contorol plot, there is no difference. 4.) By the root-system in the control plot, the roots of rape lie very densely in the part from surface of ridge to 15cm under, and there are few in deeper part. 5) Judging from the root-system, it will be fact that in 9cm plot, all of the roots are in the condition of flooding, but in the other plots a great part of roots are saved from the condidtion of flooding. It is seems that this condition of roots is the fundamental cause of the difference between 9cm plot and the other plots.

On the Effect of Ground Water Level for Crops

On the Effect of Ground Water Level for Crops

On the Effect of Ground Water Level for Crops

On the Effect of Ground Water Level for Crops

Studies on the Effect of Ground Water Level upon the Development of Rape-Seed

In order to clarify the mechanism of spring growinfhabitof rape (Brassica napus L.), the experiments on the following three subjects concerning plants'response to defferent temperature and day length were conducted. a. Relation among grede of spring nature, temperature sensibility and illumination sensibility of rape varieties. b. Relation between vernalization and grade of spring nature of rape. c. Organization of bolting acceleration. The followings are the gist of experiments. (1) There exists a close relation between the grade of spring nature and tempereture sensibility of rape varieties and the higher the grade of spring nature, the higher the temperature sensibility. There is almost no illumination sensibility in rape and its bolting and flowering are accelerated to only a little degree by long day treatment and there is no relation between illumination sensibility and the grade of spring nature. (2) Therefore it is concluded that the difference of grade of spring nature fo rape varieties results from the different sensibility to temperature. This is entirely defferent from the nature of wheat and barley family, the grade of spring nature of which results from both sensibility to temperature and illumination. (3) As the grade of spring nature goes up, that is, temperature sinsibility goes up, there is less need for lower temperature for bolting and flowering fo rape. This is, bolting of those varieties, having higher grade of spring nature, can be accelerated by shorter period exposure to low temperature than the varieties, having lower grade of the nature. The higher the grade of spring nature, the greater the bolting acceleration. This is due to the fact taht the varieties having higher grade of spring nature have their fall growing habit eliminated more completely. (4) In case rape is grown on the ordinary field and transported to the green-house, bolting and flowering are accelerated as the period of exposure to the natural lower temperature, due to the delay of transport to the green-house, becomes longer, and its accelration speed reaches peak at a certain period and then slows down. The peak period is the time when differentiation of flower bud initial begins and the varieties having higher grade of spring nature begins defferentiation at earlier period. (5) The fact that bolting and flowering are accelerated by lower tempereture is based on the reason that the lower temperature is an important element in the transitional period from vegetation to reproduction. But once the plant goes into reproduction period and starts differentiation of flower bud, lower temperature takes controling action and delays plant growth. Higher tempereture speeds up plant growth. (6) The number of leaves on thd main stem, which grow with the acceleration of bolting and flowering increase by lower temperature and make little change by day length. This trend is remarkably different from the wheat and barley family, the number of leaves on the main stem of which reduces with the acceleration of earing in the every case of higher or lower temperature treatment, long day or short day treatment, etc. (7) In case of chilling the sprouted seeds, the varieties having higher grade of spring nature have greater acceleration of bolting and higher decreasing per cent. of number of leaves on the main stem. But it is presumed that if the chilling period is extended, varieties having lower grade of spring nature like wheat and barley family, will have greater bolting acceleration and higher decreasing per cent. of number of leaves on the main stem. That is, threr is a lag in the grade of spring nature between rape and wheat or barley family.

The effect of ground water-level upon productivity and composition of fenland grass

1. Studies were made of the effects of varying ground water-levels upon the productivity and composition of Italian Ryegrass grown on a calcareous light peat in the Fenland area. Six cuts were taken throughout the season at 3 to 4-weekly intervals.2. High ground water-level (approximately 15in. below ground surface) had a very deleterious effect on the total yield of fresh grass and of dry matter. Yields were little more than half of those obtained at medium and low water-levels (24 and 38 in. below ground surface, respectively).3. High water-level apparently interfered with nitrogen metabolism in the soil, and considerably lower percentages of crude protein were found in the grass growing on the high water-level plots than at the other levels. On the other hand, the percentage of crude fibre remained fairly constant for all levels of ground water.4. High water-level also had a depressing effect on the percentage of potassium, magnesium and chlorine in the grass. It had no obvious effect upon the calcium and phosphorus levels in the plants. The silica content of the grass rose steadily as the season advanced, this being most marked on the high water-level plots.5. Physical examination of typical plants showed the effect of the various ground water-levels upon the development of the root systems, with consequent effect upon the chemical composition of the grass.6. The composition of hay and aftermath showed similar changes to those reported for the green herbage.7. The findings are discussed in relation to grassdrying policies in Fenland areas.

An experiment in the control of the ground water-level in a fen peat soil

1. The methods of investigation of the effect of ground water-level on crop growth, together with tho field installations in use, are discussed.2. Direct field experiments are handicapped by the difficulties of achieving close control on a sufficiently large scale, due to considerable variations of surface level and depth of peat within individual fields and to rapid fluctuations in rainfall and evaporation. Many recorded experiments are associated with climatic conditions of substantial precipitation during the growing season.3. Seasonal fluctuations of ground water-level in Fen peat soils in England, in natural and agricultural conditions, are described.4. The local soil conditions are outlined and the implications of profile variations are discussed.5. The effective control of ground water-level on a field scale requires deep and commodious ditches and frequent large underdrains to ensure the movement of water underground with sufficient freedom to give rapid compensatory adjustment for marked disturbances of ground water-level following the incidence of heavy rain or excessive evaporation.6. A working installation for a field experiment in ordinary farming conditions is described and the measure of control attained is indicated.