Effect Of Ferric Oxide Research Articles

The role of iron nanoparticles on morpho-physiological traits and genes expression (IRT1 and CAT) in rue (Ruta graveolens).

The iron nanoparticles with different physic-chemical properties induce inconsistent effects on various studied plant species. Thus, the effect of ferric oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles was compared with Fe2O3 microparticles and FeSO4complexes of EDTA for major physiological and gene expression in Rue (Ruta graveolens). Iron root content increased as Fe-MPs + EDTA ˂˂ Fe-NPs + EDTA˂ FeSO4 + EDTA. The shoot's iron remained unchanged or slightly increased under most of FeSO4 and Fe-MPs + EDTA treatments. Under Fe-NPs + EDTA treatment, 50 and 250 µM concentration decreased on shoot iron by 23.2% and 19.4% compared to control, respectively. But the shoot iron at 500 µM NPs was 28.2% higher than that of the control. A 46-58 fold lower Fe translocation was observed under Fe-NPs + EDTA than Fe-MPs + EDTA. The effect of Fe-NPs + EDTA was more significant on plant fresh and dry mass than the control. All treatments showed an increase in anthocyanin by 19-84% in leaves compared to the control. The Fe-NPs + EDTA and MPs + EDTA induced similar effects on enhanced growth parameters, total chlorophyll, catalase enzyme activity, gene, and reduced chlorophyll a/b and oxidants. Catalase enzyme activity in FeSO4 and MPs + EDTA was similar, and in Fe-NPs + EDTA treatments were influenced by coarse and fine regulation mechanisms, respectively. Iron MPs + EDTA had a more negative effect on IRT1 relative gene expression in roots as compared to other iron forms. The IRT1 relative gene expression in shoots was positively affected by 31-81% under all treatment types (except control and 250 µM Fe-NPs + EDTA, and 250 µM MPs + EDTA). These results could reveal the potential mechanism of plant response to nanoparticles.

Effect of Ferric Oxide and Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles on Iraqi Bentonite Performance in Water Based Drilling Fluid

In oil and gas industry, the nanotechnology has been applied in different fields. Reservoir, exploration, drilling, completion, production, processing, and refinery are nanotechnology applications fields. Nanoparticles materials are one of the areas that are utilized in preparing drilling fluids. These nanomaterials are used to formulate high performance drilling fluids. In other words, these nano particles materials can be used to design smart drilling fluids. The properties of these drilling fluids can be met the well conditions requirements. The aim of this study is to enhance the performance of Iraqi bentonite in drilling fluids using nanomaterials. Iraqi calcium montmorillonite clay (Ca- bentonite) from Wadi Bashera in Iraqi Western Desert was obtained and studied in order to use it as an alternative active solid to the imported commercial bentonite. Water based drilling fluids were prepared with 3, 6, and 12 wt. % of Iraqi bentonite. Mgnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) and ferric oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs) with different concentrations were used. The experimental work showed that, MgO NPs resulted in a significant increase in the rheological properties of drilling fluids prepared with 3 and 6 wt. % of Iraqi bentonite. In contrast, moderate effect on the rheological properties of drilling fluid prepared with 12 wt. % of Iraqi bentonite were obtained with low concentrations of Fe2O3 NPs. Basically drilling fluids prepared with Iraqi bentonite had extreme filtrate volume compared with API specifications and poor controlling to filtration properties were obtained with MgO NPs and Fe2O3 NPs additions. The impact of these two nanomaterials was revealed on the stability of drilling fluids prepared with Iraqi bentonite, where an enhancemment from 65 % to 100% was observed.

Effects of ferric oxide on the microbial community and functioning during anaerobic digestion of swine manure

Iron-based materials have been suggested as environmentally-friendly additives that can enhance methane production during anaerobic digestion (AD). In this study, the effects of ferric oxide (Fe2O3) addition on methane production were investigated during swine manure AD. In addition, the effects of Fe2O3 addition on the AD ternary pH buffer system and microbial community were evaluated. Fe2O3 could improve the accumulative methane production by maximum 11.06% when adding 75 mmol of Fe2O3. Higher methane production could be attributed to the enhancement of direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) and the formation of Fe-S precipitates, but not the addition of Fe2O3 as a nutrient. Furthermore, Fe2O3 addition enhanced methanogenesis rather than acetogenesis, as evinced by analysis of functional genes. Nevertheless, high-throughput sequence analysis of microbial community composition revealed the lack of a significant influence by Fe2O3 addition, and Fe2O3 addition did not significantly affect the ternary pH buffer system.

Sound absorption of gradient structure fabrics based on functional finishing with metal compounds

The common porous sound absorbing materials are thick and have a narrow sound absorption band. In order to design light and thin gradient structure functional fibrous assemblies with excellent performance of sound absorption and noise reduction, metal compounds with a heavy vibration damping characteristic were applied to a nonwoven by padding finishing, dipping finishing (DF) and spraying finishing. The influences of metal compound type, finishing method, the application amount of finishing agent and distribution of the finishing agent on nonwoven fabric for the sound absorption performance were studied. The results showed that the samples following DF had the largest amount of metal compound applied, and this processing method was beneficial to the construction of the gradient structure. The heavy vibration damping property of the metal compound could combine with the porous sound absorption mechanism of the nonwoven fabric to improve the sound absorption performance of fabric. The greater the amount of metal compound in the application, the better the sound absorption performance, and the effects of ferric oxide (Fe2O3) and barium sulfate (BaSO4) were particularly remarkable. Different finishing methods would affect the distribution of the metal compound on the material, which in turn affected the sound absorption performance.

Effects of Fe2O3 on pyrolysis characteristics of soybean protein and release of NOx precursors

ABSTRACTThe effects of ferric oxide (Fe2O3) on the pyrolysis characteristics of soybean protein and the release of precursors to nitrogen oxides (NOx) were studied using thermogravimetry and mass spectrometry. The results show that, as the content of Fe2O3 increases, there is no major difference between initial and peak temperatures of protein pyrolysis samples. Moreover, between the temperature range of 204 and 550°C where weight loss mainly occurs, total weight-loss rate decreases before increasing, with obvious weight loss occurring around the temperature of 650°C. Fe2O3 displays both inhibiting and promoting effects on the precipitation of nitrogen-containing gases such as ammonia (NH3), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), isocyanic acid (HNCO), and acetonitrile (CH3CN), with the inhibition effect prevailing over promotion effect on the whole.

Effect of Ferric Oxide on Plate-Like α-Al2O3 Particles Morphology Development

The well-developed plate-like α-Al2O3 particles were obtained by Na2SO4-K2SO4 molten salt synthesis, with diameter range from 8–20 µm and thickness range from 1–2 µm. In order to change the morphology of α-Al2O3 plate-like particles, ferric oxide was added when the sample was prepared. When 10 wt% ferric oxide was added, the phase of sample was still α-Al2O3, but some small plate-like particles were observed, with diameter range from 2–4 µm and the thickness range from 0.1–0.2 µm.

Effect of Ferric Oxide on the High-Temperature Removal of Hydrogen Sulfide over ZnO-Fe2O3 Mixed Metal Oxide Sorbent

The effect of ferric oxide on the removal of hydrogen sulfide over ZnO-Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} mixed metal oxide sorbents and on the oxidative regeneration of sulfided sorbents was investigated. When ferric oxide was added to the zinc oxide, the reduction of ZnO was retarded by interaction of ZnO with ZnFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}. This interaction was confirmed by larger binding energies of Zn 2P{sub 3/2} and Zn 2P{sub 1/2}, identified by ESCA, of the ZnO-ZnFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} sorbent than those of ZnO. Zinc ferrite with a spinel structure yielded not only high H{sub 2}S removal capacity but also much SO{sub 2} generation. A linear increase of SO{sub 2} generation was confirmed up to 50 wt % Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}. Resulting from the thermal decomposition of H{sub 2}S over metal sulfides, H{sub 2} generation increased with respect to Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} according to a quadratic equation. Channeling, caused by sintering during sulfidation, made the flow path of the reactant change and thus pure ZnO sorbent and the sorbent containing 3 wt % Fe{sub 2}O did not sulfurate completely. Addition of Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} prevented surface structural change like sintering of ZnO during sulfidation.

Effect of iron and pH on the survival of Vibrio cholerae in water

Many physicochemical factors affect the survival of Vibrio cholerae in the aquatic environment. An attempt was made to study the combined effect of pH and iron on the survival of V. cholerae in water in a laboratory environment. None of the 6 strains of V. cholerae used survived at pH 5·0; survival of all strains increased with increasing pH. The effect of ferric oxide on survival was significant for V. cholerae O1 only, not for non O1 strains. The longest survival of V. cholerae non O1 was 82 d, of El Tor V. cholerae 68 d, and of classical V. cholerae 56 d.

Pyroelectric studies on ferroelectric lithium vanadate doped with ferric oxide

Abstract The effect of ferric oxide on pyroelectric properties of lithium vanadate has been investigated in the temperature range covering their transition points. The pyroelectric current and the coefficients of undoped LiVO3 and doped with Fe2O3, have shown sharp peak at their Curie temperatures. It was found that the pyroelectric current and coefficients increase with the increase of ferric oxide concentration. The Curie temperatures of lithium vanadate decreased with the increase of dopant concentration.

Ferric oxide‐catalyzed polymerization of methyl methacrylate

AbstractThe polymerization of methyl methacrylate was carried out in water at various concentrations of sodium bisulfite, ferric oxide, and methyl methacrylate at 30, 40, and 50°C. The effect of ferric oxide on the rate of polymerization was studied at 50°C. Rates of polymerization increased in the presence of ferric oxide. For example, the rate of polymerization increased from 3.4 × 10−5 mole/l.‐sec to 11.8 × 10−5 mole/l.‐sec when the ferric oxide concentration was varied from 0 to 15 g/l. water. The molecular weight of the polymer decreased from an average of 1.4 × 106 in the absence of ferric oxide to 2.8 × 105 when the ferric oxide was present. The variation of molecular weight of the polymers with temperature and conversion was studied. At a fixed conversion of 80%, the average molecular weight decreased from 3.4 × 105 at 30°C to 2.2 × 105 at 50°C. The average molecular weight was also found to increase with increasing monomer and initiator concentrations. It increased from 8.1 × 104 to 5.3 × 105 and from 3.4 × 105 to 8.9 × 105 as the initiator and monomer concentrations increased from 0.01 to 0.05 mole/l. and from 0.235 to 0.705 mole/l., respectively. The apparent energy of activation for the polymerization was found to be 15.6 and 9.7 kcal/mole in absence and in presence of ferric oxide, respectively.

Synergistic effect of ferric oxide on dimethylnitrosamine carcinogenesis in the Syrian golden hamster.

The carcinogenic effect of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) injected subcutaneously in Syrian golden hamsters as well as the synergistic effect of intratracheal instillations of ferric oxide were studied. DMN alone induced cavernous hemangiomas, hemangioendotheliomas, hemangioendotheliosarcomas, as well as one hepatoma of the liver and one papilloma of the forestomach, but no tumors of the respiratory system. When ferric oxide was given in addition to DMN, liver tumors of vascular and biliary origin were seen, in addition to tumors of the nasal cavity, neuroepithelial tumors and one adenoma. It was concluded that subcutaneously injected DMN is a powerful hepatic carcinogen for the Syrian golden hamster, producing liver tumors of vascular, bile duct as well as liver cell origin. The lack of tumorigenic effect in the respiratory system was considered to be due to the lack of metabolism of DMN in the lung.

Effect of Ferric Oxide on the Hydrogenation of Oyubari Coal in Tetralin as the Reaction Medium

Oyubari coal (-100 mesh) extracted thoroughly with pyridine at 50°C and followed deashing was hydrogenated with tetralin in an antoclave under 50kg/cm2 of the initial hydrogen pressure for 1 or 8 hours at 300-400°C in the presence or absence of ferric oxide.Comparing the yields of the benzene-tetralin sluble fraction, the ultimate analyses and the It-spectra of the hydrogenated coals at various experimental conditions, it was concluded that ferric oxide suppressed hydrogenation or hydrogenolysis.Such suppression increased with increasing amout of ferric oxide and, when the hydrogenation was carried out with 100% of ferric oxide to coal for 1 hour, not only suppression of hydro genation but also greater oxygen contents of hydrogenated coals that of original coal were observed.On the other hand, ferric oxide was reduced to ferrous or metallic iron during hydrogenation, but these reduced irons were supposed not to promote hydrogenation of coal.On hydrogenated coals, Har/C were as same as that of original coal, but Hal/C were increased, especially with increasing hydrogenation.From these facts, it was considered that ferric oxide might not promote the hydrogenaticn or hydrogenolysis of the aliphatic bonds of coal.