Effects Of Exercise Type Research Articles

The Effect of Exercise Type on Inflammatory Markers in Obese Survivors With Breast Cancer: Randomized Control Trial

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women throughout the world and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of training on IL-6, TNF-α and hCRP in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors. Patients and Methods: Twenty-seven postmenopausal breast cancer survivors with mean age of 44.1 ± 4.6, mean height of 158 ± 5.9 cm and mean Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30.2 ± 3.2 kg/m2, were randomly divided to three groups; continuous, interval and the control groups. Inflammatory markers, anthropometric variables and VO2 peak were measured before and after the eight weeks. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out using the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon test at a significance level of P 0.05). The human C-Reactive Protein (hCRP) levels showed a significant reduction in the continuous group (P = 0.015), and the reductions in Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin6 (IL-6) were also greater in this group than in the other two groups. No significant differences were observed between the two exercise groups in their inflammatory markers. Conclusions: Exercise can improve anthropometric variables, body composition and VO2 peak and reduce some inflammatory markers in breast cancer survivors.

운동 형태가 비만 여성 노인의 신체구성, 노화 및 대사관련 혈액 변인, HOMA-IR에 미치는 영향

운동 형태가 비만 여성 노인의 신체구성, 노화 및 대사관련 혈액 변인, HOMA-IR에 미치는 영향

The effects of exercise type and elbow angle on vertical ground reaction force and muscle activity during a push-up plus exercise.

BackgroundProper alignment of the scapula during upper extremity motion is important in maintaining shoulder joint function and health. Push-up plus exercise is considered as one of the best exercise to strengthen the muscles that stabilize the scapula. The purpose of the study is to examine the effects of push-up plus variants and elbow position on vertical ground reaction force and electromyographical activity of four shoulder muscles during concentric contraction.MethodsA total of 22 healthy subjects volunteered for the study. Each of the subjects performed both modified and traditional push-up plus. Modified push-up plus was performed with both knees and hands touching the ground while the traditional push-up plus was executed with hands and feet contacting the ground. Electromyography (EMG) of the upper trapezius (UT), lower trapezius (LT), infraspinatus (INFRA), and serratus anterior (SA), and vertical ground reaction forces (vGRF) were collected.ResultsThe traditional push-up plus exhibited higher EMG activity in all muscles tested (P < .05) and vertical ground reaction force (P < .001) compared to modified push-up plus. The highest difference in EMG activity between the two exercises was observed with the Serratus Anterior muscle (22%). Additionally, the traditional push-up plus presented a higher vGRF compared to the modified push-up plus (P < .001) by 17%. The SA had the greatest EMG activity compared to the other muscles tested during the concentric phase of the traditional push-up plus, and this did not occur during the plus phase of the exercise.ConclusionThe highest activity of the serratus anterior occurred at 55° of elbow extension during the concentric phase of the traditional PUP and not at the plus phase of the exercise. This suggests that when prescribing an exercise to target the serratus anterior, a traditional push-up is adequate and the plus-phase is not necessary. However, for patients that cannot perform a traditional push-up, the modified push-up plus would be a great alternative to strengthen their serratus anterior.

Effects of Exercise Type on Hemodynamic Responses and Cardiac Events in ACS Patients.

[Purpose] This study investigated the effects of mid, and high exercise intensities on hemodynamic responses and cardiac events during two exercise types of treadmill exercise (TM) and cycle ergometer exercises (CE) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). [Subjects] Patients who had percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ACS and were participating in cardiac rehabilitation program were included. [Methods] The patients were assessed for hemodynamic responses, cardiac events, and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) with target heart rates of 60% and 85% heart rate reserve (HRR) during TM and CE. [Results] Maximum systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), RPE, and rate pressure product (RPP) measured during CE were significantly higher than their values in TM at the same exercise intensities. The highest SBP was shown at 85% HRR during CE. SBPmax to SBPmax ratios obtained during the graded exercise test (GXT) showed that all %SBPmax were significantly greater in CE than in TM at the same exercise intensities. Out of 102 patients, cardiac events occurred in 8 at 85% HRR during CE, and 1 at 85% HRR during TM. Patients with cardiac events (CE-E) had significantly higher %SBP, %RPP, and RPE at 85% HRR than those without events (CE-NE) during CE. [Conclusion] Prescribing exercise based on the intensity obtained in a treadmill GXT may expose patients to cardiovascular complications such as higher RPP, higher exercise intensity, and cardiac events during CE.

The Effect of Exercise Types on EFL Learners’ Vocabulary Retention

This paper is an attempt to investigate whether the Elementary EFL learners’ vocabulary retention of the newly learned words significantly differs by using recognition exercises (fill-in-the-blank, and matching) and production exercises (paraphrasing, and glossing) in immediate and delayed vocabulary tests. 46 Iranian Elementary learners who were studying English in a language Institute participated. Four texts were selected from Elementary Total English book. Each text contained ten unknown words followed by one exercise type. Each session the learners read a text, and then did the following exercises. The meaning of the words was provided in a mini dictionary. After doing each exercise, the learners were instructed to provide an English synonym, or an English definition, or translation of the word in L1 for each word. Before the test, mini dictionaries were collected. After a two week interval, the participants' vocabulary learning was tested through the final vocabulary test containing all the words presented in four exercise types. The results of comparing four exercise types revealed that learners recalled more words in fill-in-the-blank exercise than other exercise types both in immediate and delayed tests. Moreover, the results indicated that recognition exercises were more effective than production exercises in EFL vocabulary retention. In addition, learners’ scores in immediate tests were better than their scores in delayed tests in four different exercise types. Thus, unknown words should be repeated in different exercises, in order to be stored in long term memory and to be retained easily.

The Effects of Exercise Types to Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-aged Women with Abdominal Obesity

The Effects of Exercise Types to Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-aged Women with Abdominal Obesity

복합운동이 비만 중년여성의 신체구성, 체력 및 혈액성분에 미치는 효과

복합운동이 비만 중년여성의 신체구성, 체력 및 혈액성분에 미치는 효과

High-intensity exercise decreases muscle buffer capacity via a decrease in protein buffering in human skeletal muscle

We have previously reported an acute decrease in muscle buffer capacity (betam(in vitro)) following high-intensity exercise. The aim of this study was to identify which muscle buffers are affected by acute exercise and the effects of exercise type and a training intervention on these changes. Whole muscle and non-protein betam(in vitro) were measured in male endurance athletes (VO(2max) = 59.8 +/- 5.8 mL kg(-1) min(-1)), and before and after training in male, team-sport athletes (VO(2max) = 55.6 +/- 5.5 mL kg(-1) min(-1)). Biopsies were obtained at rest and immediately after either time-to-fatigue at 120% VO(2max) (endurance athletes) or repeated sprints (team-sport athletes). High-intensity exercise was associated with a significant decrease in betam(in vitro) in endurance-trained males (146 +/- 9 to 138 +/- 7 mmol H(+) x kg d.w.(-1) x pH(-1)), and in male team-sport athletes both before (139 +/- 9 to 131 +/- 7 mmol H(+) x kg d.w.(-1) x pH(-1)) and after training (152 +/- 11 to 142 +/- 9 mmol H(+) x kg d.w.(-1) x pH(-1)). There were no acute changes in non-protein buffering capacity. There was a significant increase in betam(in vitro) following training, but this did not alter the post-exercise decrease in betam(in vitro). In conclusion, high-intensity exercise decreased betam(in vitro) independent of exercise type or an interval-training intervention; this was largely explained by a decrease in protein buffering. These findings have important implications when examining training-induced changes in betam(in vitro). Resting and post-exercise muscle samples cannot be used interchangeably to determine betam(in vitro), and researchers must ensure that post-training measurements of betam(in vitro) are not influenced by an acute decrease caused by the final training bout.

Positioning During Resistance Elbow Flexor Exercise Affects Electromyographic Activity, Heart Rate, and Perceived Exertion

The main objective of this study was to compare electromyography (EMG), heart rate (HR), and perceived exertion (PE) during different elbow flexion exercises in standing position (biceps curl [BC] and adapted BC [ABC]) and seated position (preacher BC [PBC]). Twenty healthy subjects performed the dynamic 1-repetition maximum (1RM) test. The following week (1 exercise per day), these exercises were performed at 25, 30, 35, and 40% 1RM at 1 minute for each one (20 repetitions). Biceps brachii and brachioradialis root mean square (RMS), HR, and PE were recorded in the 5th (R5), 10th (R10), 15th (R15), and 20th (R20) repetitions. Effects of exercise type (BC x ABC x PBC), load level (25% 1RM x 30% 1RM x 35% 1RM x 40% 1RM), and exercise duration (R5 x R10 x R15 x R20) were analyzed. The RMS of the elbow flexors in the PBC R20 was significantly lower than BC and ABC at 40% 1RM, and, in the same way, for all load levels, HR and PE were significantly lower in PBC R20 at 40% 1RM compared with BC and ABC. For all exercises, RMS, HR, and PE at 25% 1RM were significantly lower than at 40% 1RM. The execution of the exercises caused significant increases in the RMS, HR, and PE mainly between R5 compared with R15 and R20. In conclusion, different positions demand different neuromuscular (EMG), cardiovascular (HR), and sensorial (PE) responses. A decreased effort sensation in PBC at the same relative load level can contribute to better execution when standing and seated exercises are compared.

The effect of exercise type on immunofunctional and traditional growth hormone

The purpose of this study was to compare the growth hormone (GH) response, including the immunfunctional (IF) GH response, between an acute bout of aerobic and resistance exercise in the same subjects. Ten cross-trained males (24.3 +/- 1.2 years) performed both 30 min of continuous cycling at 70% of VO(2max), and intermittent free weight squatting at 70% of 1-RM, in a randomly assigned crossover design, separated by at least 1 week. Blood samples were collected at 10-min intervals for 2 h (30 min rest, 30 min exercise, 60 min recovery) and analyzed for total human and IF GH. After adjusting for the amount of work performed per minute of exercise, integrated GH AUC was significantly greater during the resistance session than the aerobic session as measured by both the total and IF GH assays (P = 0.008 and P = 0.014, respectively). Peak GH concentrations were significantly greater during the resistance session than the aerobic session (P = 0.05). A similar overall GH pattern was observed in response to both types of exercise, with peak values occurring at the end of exercise, regardless of the GH assay used. These data demonstrate that in young, cross-trained males, intermittent resistance exercise elicits a greater response of GH, including IF GH, compared to a continuous aerobic session, when controlling for the work performed per minute, intersubject variability, relative exercise intensity and session duration.

The Effects of Exercise Type on Bone density, Body Fat and Blood Components of the Middle Aged Women

The Effects of Exercise Type on Bone density, Body Fat and Blood Components of the Middle Aged Women

Adaptation of guinea pig diaphragm muscle to aging and endurance training.

ARTICLESAdaptation of guinea pig diaphragm muscle to aging and endurance trainingDA Lieberman, LC Maxwell, and JA FaulknerDA Lieberman, LC Maxwell, and JA FaulknerPublished Online:01 Mar 1972https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1972.222.3.556MoreSectionsPDF (1 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformationCited ByCharacterizing the influence of chronic hypobaric hypoxia on diaphragmatic myofilament contractile function and phosphorylation in high-altitude deer mice and low-altitude white-footed mice5 July 2019 | Journal of Comparative Physiology B, Vol. 189, No. 3-4GRG Profiles: David A. Lieberman6 October 2015 | Digestive Diseases and Sciences, Vol. 60, No. 11The Neonatal Neuromechanical Unit: Generalities of Operation8 April 2014Response of the respiratory muscles to rehabilitation in COPDMarc Decramer1 September 2009 | Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 107, No. 3Respiratory Physiology: Structure, Function, and Integrative Responses to Intervention with Special Emphasis on the Ventilatory PumpDiaphragm Dimensions of the Healthy Preterm Infant1 November 2001 | Pediatrics, Vol. 108, No. 5Functional, cellular, and biochemical adaptations to elastase-induced emphysema in hamster medial scaleneMario Fournier, and Michael I. Lewis1 April 2000 | Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 88, No. 4Pulmonary System and Endurance Exercise16 April 2008Pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic respiratory insufficiency. 3. Ventilatory muscle training.Thorax, Vol. 48, No. 10Strength and Endurance Characteristics of the Normal Human GenioglossusAmerican Review of Respiratory Disease, Vol. 148, No. 1Effects of endurance training at high altitude on diaphragm muscle propertiesPfl�gers Archiv European Journal of Physiology, Vol. 422, No. 3Effects of exercise and food restriction on rat skeletal musclesTissue and Cell, Vol. 24, No. 4Proportions and sizes of muscle fiber types in the hamster diaphragmMuscle & Nerve, Vol. 12, No. 2Respiratory muscle training in COPDEndurance training does not affect diaphragm mitochondria respirationRespiration Physiology, Vol. 67, No. 2Effect of endurance training on muscle fiber type composition and capillary supply in rat diaphragmEuropean Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, Vol. 56, No. 2The Effects of Undernutrition on the Respiratory MusclesClinics in Chest Medicine, Vol. 7, No. 1Effect of growth on muscle capillarity and fiber type composition in rat diaphragmEuropean Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, Vol. 54, No. 1Pre- and postnatal growth and protein turnover in four muscles of the ratMuscle & Nerve, Vol. 7, No. 3Stereological Analyses of Hypertrophic Muscle FibresResponse of ventilatory muscles of the rat to endurance trainingPfl�gers Archiv European Journal of Physiology, Vol. 392, No. 3Altered acetylcholinesterase isozyme patterns in mice with hereditary muscular dystrophyJournal of Experimental Zoology, Vol. 216, No. 2Aerobic exercise effects on lipoproteins and tissue lipids in young pigsAtherosclerosis, Vol. 38, No. 3-4Disturbance of respiratory muscle function in patients with mitral valve diseaseThe American Journal of Medicine, Vol. 69, No. 6The effect of training on strength and endurance of the diaphragm in quadriplegiaThe American Journal of Medicine, Vol. 68, No. 1Exercise Training Programs for Pediatric Patients with Chronic Lung DiseasePediatric Clinics of North America, Vol. 26, No. 3PULMONARY ADAPTATION TO EXERCISE: EFFECTS OF EXERCISE TYPE AND DURATION, CHRONIC HYPOXIA AND PHYSICAL TRAININGAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 301, No. 1 The MarathonA method for the comparison of morphometrical data on skeletal muscles in young rats of different ages and body weightsHistochemistry, Vol. 43, No. 3 More from this issue > Volume 222Issue 3March 1972Pages 556-560 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1972 by American Physiological Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1972.222.3.556PubMed5022663History Published online 1 March 1972 Published in print 1 March 1972 Metrics