Effects Of Different Training Methods Research Articles

Effects of different training methods in tele-exercise on acute performance decrement in adults with disability and wheelchair users

Purpose Wheelchair users and people with disabilities have limited access to physical exercise due to various factors, including medical follow-up and training facilities. Although tele-exercise guided by experts has become a viable option, there is limited knowledge about the acute performance decrement (APD) resulting from remote training methods. The current cross-sectional study aimed to: (1) assess the APD of muscle resistance strength after three synchronous tele-exercise training methods in wheelchair users and (2) compare the training loads associated with each training method. Materials and methods Eighteen male and female wheelchair users who participated in tele-exercise strength practices were recruited. The participants performed a maximum resistance strength test by synchronous tele-assessment (push-up test, PUT) at baseline and immediately after three training methods: high-intensity interval training (HIIT), moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and sprint interval training (SIT). The primary outcome was the APD, which was measured by the percentage decrease in the number of repetitions of the PUT immediately after the training methods. Results APD was observed for all three training methods, with no significant differences between them (–34.8%, −29.9% and −38.0% for MICT, SIT and HII, respectively), and presented a non-significant correlation with the training loads. HIIT had a significantly higher training load than MICT and SIT. Conclusions APD occurred in all training sessions, but did not correlate with training load, indicating that it is not an appropriate metric for comparison. Findings provide insight into APD response and highlight the need to consider multiple metrics when comparing training protocols.

How does training influence use and understanding of advanced vehicle technologies: a simulator evaluation of driver behavior and mental models

Advanced vehicle technologies such as Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) promise increased safety and convenience but are also sophisticated and complex. Their presence in vehicles affects how drivers interact with the technologies and how drivers must know about these technologies. To maximize safety benefits, drivers must use such systems appropriately. They must understand how these technologies work and how they may change drivers' traditional responsibilities. Training has been recognized as an effective tool for accelerating knowledge and skills in traditional driving. Consequently, training is gaining recognition as an important tool for improving drivers' knowledge, understanding, and appropriate use of vehicle technologies as well. This study evaluated the effects of different training methods on drivers' use and understanding of vehicle automation, specifically Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC). Licensed drivers with little to no experience with ADAS features were randomly assigned into groups based on three training conditions: two experimental groups, ‘User Manual’ and ‘Visualization’, and a control group with a ‘Sham’ training. Participants were surveyed on their understanding of Adaptive Cruise Control before and after training. They also drove an advanced driving simulator equipped with ACC. The simulated drive offered multiple opportunities for the drivers to interact with the ACC and included embedded cues for engaging with the system and embedded probes to measure driver awareness of the system state. The results found a significant overall increase in knowledge of ACC after training for the experimental groups. Drivers in the experimental training groups also had better real-time awareness of the system state than the control group. The results indicate that training is associated with improved knowledge about the systems. It also shows differential effects of different approaches to training, with text-based training showing greater improvement. These findings have important implications for the design and deployment of these systems, and for policies around driver licensing and education.

The Effectiveness of Different Training Methods in Soccer for Repeated Sprint Ability: A Brief Review

The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature on the effect of exercise programs on the Repeated Sprint Ability (RSA) performance of soccer players. PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases were searched for original research articles. The inclusion criteria for a study were to include different groups of intervention in soccer players and present the protocol’s characteristics and the study’s results. Twenty-one (21) studies met the criteria. For each study, the effect size (ES) and 95% confidential interval (CI) were calculated and evaluated as trivial, small, moderate or large. The results showed that in adults, the various programs showed from trivial (e.g., ES 0.185; 95% CI ± 0.089) to large beneficial effects (ES 2.92; 95% CI ± 0.29). At developmental ages, the beneficial effect was from trivial to moderate (ES 0.163; 95% CI ± 0.174, ES 0.787; 95% CI ± 0.074). Concerning the interventional programs, studies carried out by sprint and Small-Sided Games (SSG) interventions presented a large ES, while studies that carried out RSA exercises presented moderate ES. A variety of stimuli can improve the RSA performance of soccer players by causing trivial-to-large improvements. However, more effective are interventional exercises that include stimuli related to repeated sprint ability.

Effect of different training methods on strength of large muscle groups of Altus gymnasium participants in Lege Tafo Lege Dadi, Ethiopia

Background: Athletes performing resistance exercises to gain muscle strength in different modes. The aim of this research was to investigate the consequence of different training methods on strength of a large muscle group of Altius gymnasium participants, Ethiopia. Methods: The total population was 32, and they were found in the age of between 18-25 years old on average. Subjects were then divided into two training groups: one repetition maximum (1RM) group (N=16), ‘” Trial and Error” training mode (N=16). The 1RM group performed 80% 1RM load three sets and three days per week for eight- weeks and Trial and Error training mode group maximum repetition with the load the person can work out 8-10 maximum repetition with three sets three days per week for eight weeks on large muscle group of the chest, arm, shoulder, leg, and back. At the completion of the eight-week training programs, the subjects were retested. An independent t-test was used to compare the 1RM and “Trial and Error” training mode data. Results: A significant difference was found between training programs for changes in the 1RM group for the large muscle groups of the arm, chest, shoulder, leg, and back muscles (p <0.05). And for the Trial and Error training mode group there was a significant change in the chest, back and shoulder large muscle groups, however, strength gained was not different for arm and leg muscles, (p>0.05). There is a considerable variation among the effect of 1RM and “trial and error” training mode on strength of large muscle groups (Arm, Chest, Shoulder, Leg, and Back muscle) of Altus gymnasium participants. Conclusion: In conclusion, the 1RM mode of training has more effect than the “Trial and Error” training mode on strength of large muscle groups.

Effect of Different Training Methods on Selected Motor Fitness Variables of College Level Basketball Players

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to know the effect of different training methods on selected motor fitness variables of college level basketball players. One hundred twenty college level basketball players age ranging between 19 to 22 years acted as subjects and assigned to four groups (three experimental and one control group) with 30 students each. The three experimental groups were Circuit Training, Plyometric Training and Interval Training groups. Motor fitness variables such as Abdominal Muscle Strength (Sit Up), Flexibility (Sit and Reach) and Cardiovascular Endurance were measured before and after training. All the experimental Groups (Circuit training, Plyometric training and Interval training) was administered with the selected training programme, thrice in a week for a duration of 6 weeks under direct supervision of the researcher. The analysis of data revealed that the three experimental groups, showed significant gains in performance of selected motor fitness variables after administration of training for duration of 6 weeks. The control group did not show any significant increase in the performance. Keywords: Circuit Training, Plyometric Training, Interval Training, Motor fitness variables

Effect of Respiratory Training Combined with Core Muscle Training on the Overall Motor Function and Activities of Daily Living of Patients with Early and Midterm Stroke.

Stroke is a cerebral ischemic or hemorrhagic disease with sudden onset and rapid progress. To analyze the effect of respiratory training combined with core muscle training on the overall motor function and activities of daily living of patients with early and midterm stroke, 90 cases with early and midterm stroke admitted to the neurological department of our hospital from April 2018 to April 2019 were chosen as the research objects. According to the odd or even hospitalization numbers, they were equally divided into the study group and the reference group. Both groups received basic drug treatment. On this basis, the reference group was given routine rehabilitation training, while the study group was given respiratory training combined with core muscle training. The clinical indexes of both groups before and after intervention were evaluated to analyze the effect of different training methods on the rehabilitation of patients with early and midterm stroke. There was no significant difference in gender ratio, average age, average BMI, average course of disease, stroke types, MAS grading, location of limb dysfunction, and combined disease between the two groups (P < 0.05). The total clinical effective rate of the study group after intervention was obviously higher than that of the reference group (P < 0.05). The MoCA scores of both groups after intervention were obviously higher than those before intervention, and the score of the study group after intervention was obviously higher than that of the reference group. The scores of limb motor function, activities of daily living, and balance function at T2, T3, and T4 in the study group were obviously higher than those in the reference group (P < 0.001). At 4 and 8 weeks after intervention, the 10 m MWS of the study group was obviously higher than that of the reference group (P < 0.001), while the TUGT was obviously lower (P < 0.001). Respiratory training combined with core muscle training can obviously improve the activities of daily living, cognitive function, and limb motor function of patients with early and midterm stroke, which is worth popularizing and using.

Effect of Different Training Methods on Work Efficiency and Intensity for Japanese Persimmon ‘Taishuu’ Tree Joint Training System

Effect of Different Training Methods on Work Efficiency and Intensity for Japanese Persimmon ‘Taishuu’ Tree Joint Training System

Effects of Plyometric Vs. Combined Plyometric Training on Vertical Jump Biomechanics in Female Basketball Players.

The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the effects of plyometric training and combined training programs on vertical jump kinematics and kinetics of female basketball players. Thirty-six female basketball players were included in the study and further divided into three groups: plyometric training, n = 11; combined training n =13; and a control group, n =12. Combined training comprised full squat exercise with low resistance (50-65% 1RM) and low volume (3-6 repetitions/set) combined with repeated jumps. Plyometric training included drop jumps and repeated jumps. Both training methods showed a moderate increase in jump performance, although combined training achieved substantially higher values than plyometric training alone. After plyometric training, the vertical velocity and displacement of the center of mass of the countermovement jump increased, while force variables decreased. Combined training increased power, vertical velocity and displacement of the center of mass, but force variables remained unchanged. Both training methods improved jump height, velocity and displacement of the center of mass. Combined training maintained force measures while plyometric training decreased them. These results indicate that combined training might provide better outcomes on jump performance than plyometric training alone. It also appears important to measure biomechanical variables to appropriately interpret the effects of different training methods.

End-to-End Autonomous Exploration with Deep Reinforcement Learning and Intrinsic Motivation.

Developing artificial intelligence (AI) agents is challenging for efficient exploration in visually rich and complex environments. In this study, we formulate the exploration question as a reinforcement learning problem and rely on intrinsic motivation to guide exploration behavior. Such intrinsic motivation is driven by curiosity and is calculated based on episode memory. To distribute the intrinsic motivation, we use a count-based method and temporal distance to generate it synchronously. We tested our approach in 3D maze-like environments and validated its performance in exploration tasks through extensive experiments. The experimental results show that our agent can learn exploration ability from raw sensory input and accomplish autonomous exploration across different mazes. In addition, the learned policy is not biased by stochastic objects. We also analyze the effects of different training methods and driving forces on exploration policy.

Effect of exercise training on lipid profiles in the elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background and aims: There are many articles about the effects of different training methods on lipid profiles in the elderly. The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of training on the lipid profile in the elderly. Methods: In this study, databases of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, SID, Magiran, and Google Scholar were searched. Intervention effects were presented as mean difference (MD) with a random-effects model. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed to study heterogeneity, following the primary screening of the full text of the articles. Results: A total of 23 trials with 1654 individuals were included in the meta-analysis. Levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (MD = 0.47 mg/dL; P&lt;0.001, SE = 0.08, V = 0.01, 95% CI = 0.31 0.63, Z = 5.73, 19 trials), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (MD = -0.46; P&lt;0.001, SE = 0.11, V = 0.01, 95% CI = -0.68 -0.25, Z = -4.24), triglyceride (MD = -0.62; P=0.001, SE = 0.12, V = 0.01, 95% CI = -0.86 -0.38, Z = -5.03, 20 trials), and total cholesterol (TC) (MD = -0.33; P&lt;0.001, SE = 0.09, V = 0.01, 95% CI = -0.52 -0.15, Z = -3.57, 16 trials) were investigated. Following sensitivity analysis and heterogeneity testing, the results were still strong and impressive. Conclusion: Lipid profiles improved in training groups, indicating higher levels of HDL-C and lower levels of LDL-C, TC, and triglyceride. Overall, training leads to a better lipid profile. However, closer scrutiny seems necessary.

Investigating the influence of experiential training on the ability to anticipate risks of caught-in accidents

Caught-in accidents are the most common type of occupational accidents in Taiwan’s manufacturing industry. Although the law stipulates that, as a control measure, specific machinery and equipment must comply with safety standards before leaving the factory, caught-in accidents are still reported. Therefore, education and training are important. We referred to Kirkpatrick’s four-level model for analysis and chose a film manufacturer as the study subject. Workers were divided into three groups to evaluate the effectiveness of different training methods: (a) without safety/health education and training (control group); (b) with traditional lecture teaching; (c) with practical experiential training. Although statistically significant overall, only the group with practical experiential training showed statistically significant differences in graph selection and occupational accident videos compared to the group without safety/health education and training. Therefore, we suggest using traditional indoor lectures and practical experiential training for risk anticipation in enterprises to improve their performance.

Adverse Event Disclosure Training for Nursing Students: Peer Role-Play and Simulated Patients.

Background Simulation has proven valuable in nursing communication training, but there are limited studies comparing the effectiveness of different training methods, especially in the area of adverse event disclosure (AED) training. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the impact of two training methods, peer role-play (PRP) and simulated patients (SP) on the self-efficacy and performance of nursing students in AED in a simulated environment. Methods Forty-four nursing students participated. Students' self-efficacy toward AED was assessed using the pre/post-test method. Also, students' performance was evaluated after the simulation encounter. Results It showed a significant difference in self-efficacy between the groups. However, no significant difference emerged between the groups in performance. Conclusion This study provides a basis for comparison of these two methods in patient communication training. Educators should consider their resources and expected learning outcomes in designing the emotionally draining adverse event disclosure training.

RESEARCH ON LEARNING SAFETY AND HYGIENE IN A MINING COMPANY

Training and improving employee knowledge plays an important role in every company. The process of personnel development is perceived as an investment and a basic management tool in the organization. The development of the training system and the selection of appropriate methods of their transfer in the field of occupational health and safety is a fundamental task of personnel departments. The issues in the safety areas are dealt with by specialists in such fields of science as philosophy, psychology, sociology, history, law, pedagogy, medicine and ergonomics.In a mining company, the employee is exposed to natural, technical and personal hazards. The most frequent causes of accidents are personal hazards, the cause of which is in the uncontrolled muscular power and the gravity of the organism. However, the most serious consequences for the health and life of the employee are natural and technical hazards. Such accidents are connected with uncontrolled rock formation or worker’s contact with machines during the movement as well as electric shock. A separate group of threats is harmful factors occurring at workplaces that may cause occupational diseases.The article attempts to assess the effectiveness of knowledge acquisition by employees for three different training methods. The analysis was based on the results of questionnaire surveys obtained during periodic training. Surveys were prepared for a group of workers employed at the position of a worker. It was proposed to compare the effectiveness of different training methods of employees by determining the percentage absorption rate of knowledge WW and the outflow rate of means of protection of individual WR. Test results and index values for individual measurement days are presented in tabular and graphical form.

ERP and Behavioral Effects of Physical and Cognitive Training on Working Memory in Aging: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Working memory (WM) performance decreases with age. A promising method to improve WM is physical or cognitive training. The present randomized controlled study is aimed at evaluating the effects of different training methods on WM. A sample of 141 healthy older adults (mean age 70 years) was assigned to one of four groups: physical training, cognitive training, a social control group, and a no-contact control group. The participants trained for four months. Before and after the training, n-back task during an EEG recording was applied. The results show that cognitive training enhanced the target detection rate in the 2-back task. This was corroborated by an increased number of repeated digits in the backward digit-span test but not in other memory tests. The improvement of WM was supported by an increased P3a prior to a correct target and an increased P3b both in nontarget and target trials. No ERP effects in the physical and no-contact control groups were found, while a reduction of P3a and P3b was found in the social control group. Thus, cognitive training enhances frontal and parietal processing related to the maintenance of a stored stimulus for subsequent matching with an upcoming stimulus and increases allocation of cognitive resources. These results indicate that multidomain cognitive training may increase WM capacity and neuronal activity in older age.

Translation of Medical Texts using Neural Networks

The quality of machine translation is rapidly evolving. Today one can find several machine translation systems on the web that provide reasonable translations, although the systems are not perfect. In some specific domains, the quality may decrease. A recently proposed approach to this domain is neural machine translation. It aims at building a jointly-tuned single neural network that maximizes translation performance, a very different approach from traditional statistical machine translation. Recently proposed neural machine translation models often belong to the encoder-decoder family in which a source sentence is encoded into a fixed length vector that is, in turn, decoded to generate a translation. The present research examines the effects of different training methods on a Polish-English Machine Translation system used for medical data. The European Medicines Agency parallel text corpus was used as the basis for training of neural and statistical network-based translation systems. A comparison and implementation of a medical translator is the main focus of our experiments.

Effect of Different Training Methods on Forearm and Reception Pass Techniques in Males Volleyball Players

Effect of Different Training Methods on Forearm and Reception Pass Techniques in Males Volleyball Players

Competent Management of Postpartum Haemorrhage: A Review on Effective Training Methods

Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is one of the most threatening and unpredictable emergencies in obstetrics. Worldwide it is a leading cause of maternal death. The outcome significantly depends on competent management by a skilled interdisciplinary team. For health professionals, PPH might cause stress, anxiety and inability to act adequately. It is estimated that 70-80% of maternal deaths related to PPH are due to preventable management errors. This leads to the conclusion that health professionals need training in order to competently manage a PPH emergency. The aim of this study is to summarise the evidence on the effectiveness of different training methods to support the professional and competent management of PPH. A systematic literature review was conducted. The search was performed on the data bases Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, CINAHL complete and MIDIRS and was supplemented by hand searching. The selected studies were analysed and checked for content and quality based on specific criteria. The 11 included studies support the effectiveness of simulation training. The subjective indicators «self-confidence», «knowledge», «competence» «stress levels», «team work» and «communication» could be improved, as well as the objective indicators «team performance» and «knowledge». 3 studies could establish a sustainable effect of the simulation training 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months, respectively, after the training session. However, in all included studies this effect was not tested in a clinical context. Therefore the clinical effectiveness of simulation-based training on clinical outcome is unknown. 2 studies indicate a benefit of simulation-based training versus the lecture and discussion-based method. In addition, no evidence exists as to whether the effectiveness of simulation-based training depends on high fidelity circumstances such as the location at which training is taking place (simulation centre vs. local obstetrics room) or whether it could be influenced by teamwork training. It is recommended to offer an interdisciplinary training on a regular basis even after accomplished graduation training of professionals in the field of obstetrics. No recommendations can be made concerning the type and frequency of training. There is an urgent need for more evidence related to the effectiveness of different training methods for adequate PPH management.

Telemedicine as a special case of machine translation

Machine translation is evolving quite rapidly in terms of quality. Nowadays, we have several machine translation systems available in the web, which provide reasonable translations. However, these systems are not perfect, and their quality may decrease in some specific domains. This paper examines the effects of different training methods when it comes to Polish–English Statistical Machine Translation system used for the medical data. Numerous elements of the EMEA parallel text corpora and not related OPUS Open Subtitles project were used as the ground for creation of phrase tables and different language models including the development, tuning and testing of these translation systems. The BLEU, NIST, METEOR, and TER metrics have been used in order to evaluate the results of various systems. Our experiments deal with the systems that include POS tagging, factored phrase models, hierarchical models, syntactic taggers, and other alignment methods. We also executed a deep analysis of Polish data as preparatory work before automatized data processing such as true casing or punctuation normalization phase. Normalized metrics was used to compare results. Scores lower than 15% mean that Machine Translation engine is unable to provide satisfying quality, scores greater than 30% mean that translations should be understandable without problems and scores over 50 reflect adequate translations. The average results of Polish to English translations scores for BLEU, NIST, METEOR, and TER were relatively high and ranged from 7058 to 8272. The lowest score was 6438. The average results ranges for English to Polish translations were little lower (6758–7897). The real-life implementations of presented high quality Machine Translation Systems are anticipated in general medical practice and telemedicine.

A Review on the Effectiveness of Safety Training Methods for Malaysia Construction Industry

Safety issues have become a vital issue in the management of facilities in the construction industry, as the labour-intensive construction industry is particularly regarded as one of the most unsafe industrial sectors worldwide. To increase workplace safety, Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) training has been introduced and pursued. Based on previous research, training methods range from less to more engaging. This paper has reviewed the research from 2006 to present done on effectiveness of different training methods as the first investigation research was carried out in 2006. The literatures were searched through multiple electronic databases for published peer-reviewed articles. Findings have suggested that both training methods were able to impart safety knowledge and safety awareness to the workers; however, more engaging training methods would be more effective on training outcomes. Nevertheless, it was noted that those research projects did not take into consideration on the multiculturalism issue where language communication problem exist. Hence, this research proposes a mix mode of less and more engaging training methods to be applied in a multi-cultural workplace to enhance the effectiveness of training outcomes. This review may provide information on effective safety training methods to be applied in the multi-cultural construction industry.

Neural-based Machine Translation for Medical Text Domain. Based on European Medicines Agency Leaflet Texts

The quality of machine translation is rapidly evolving. Today one can find several machine translation systems on the web that provide reasonable translations, although the systems are not perfect. In some specific domains, the quality may decrease. A recently proposed approach to this domain is neural machine translation. It aims at building a jointly-tuned single neural network that maximizes translation performance, a very different approach from traditional statistical machine translation. Recently proposed neural machine translation models often belong to the encoder-decoder family in which a source sentence is encoded into a fixed length vector that is, in turn, decoded to generate a translation. The present research examines the effects of different training methods on a Polish-English Machine Translation system used for medical data. The European Medicines Agency parallel text corpus was used as the basis for training of neural and statistical network-based translation systems. The main machine translation evaluation metrics have also been used in analysis of the systems. A comparison and implementation of a real-time medical translator is the main focus of our experiments.