Effect Of Different Proportions Research Articles

Phase forming law and electrochemical properties of A2B7-type La–Y–Ni-based hydrogen storage alloys with different La/Y ratios

The effects of different proportions of La and Y elements in the A-side on the structure and properties of A2B7-type La–Y–Ni hydrogen storage alloys were investigated. The (La,Y)2Ni7 hydrogen storage alloys with different La/Y ratios were prepared by sintering the Y2Ni4 precursor and different AB5-type precursors at 1298 K for 5 h and subsequently annealed for 20 h at 1248 K. All the alloys only contain Ce2Ni7 (2H-type) and Gd2Co7 (3R-type) phases with different mass ratios. As the La/Y ratio decreases, the cell volume of the two phases declines and the corresponding plateau pressure gradually increases. As the proportion of Y in the alloy increases, the hydrogen storage capacity increases gradually from 1.309 wt% (La/Y = 1/1) to 1.713 wt% (La/Y = 1/5) and the high-rate discharge (HRD1500) ability of the alloy electrodes increases gradually from 62.7% (La/Y = 1/1) to 88.6% (La/Y = 1/5). The hydrogen diffusion rate in the bulk of the alloy is the controlling step of hydriding/dehydriding kinetics. The Y element can effectively inhibit the hydrogen-induced amorphous (HIA) of La–Y–Ni alloys, but the poor stability of the Y element in alkaline KOH aqueous solution leads to a decrease in the electrochemical cyclic stability with increasing Y content.

Fermentation Quality, In Vitro Digestibility, and Aerobic Stability of Total Mixed Ration Silage in Response to Varying Proportion Alfalfa Silage.

Simple SummaryEnsiling a total mixed ration (TMR) allows longer storage times for thoroughly mixed feed. In our previous study, we found that alfalfa silage could directly provide an acidic environment in fresh TMR and had a function comparable to that of lactic acid bacterial inoculants in improving fermentation quality during ensiling. However, the specific percentage of silage addition to the TMR has not been evaluated. In this study, we explored the effects of different proportions of alfalfa silage on the fermentation quality, in vitro digestibility, and aerobic stability of TMR silage and discussed the results in terms of the chemical composition of the feed. We found that the gradual development of an acidic environment during the ensiling process, which can be achieved with 40% alfalfa silage addition, can improve aerobic stability. However, the addition of 60% or 20% alfalfa silage might cause lower aerobic stability or clostridial spoilage in TMR silage. Our findings provide a more in-depth understanding of the effects of silage components on TMR silage and may guide farmers to apply a proper silage composition in rations to avoid the loss of feed value during storage or feeding stages.This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different proportions of alfalfa silage on the fermentation quality, in vitro digestibility, and aerobic stability of total mixed ration (TMR) silage. Three TMRs were prepared with different silage contents on a fresh matter basis: (1) 60% alfalfa silage (AS60), (2) 40% alfalfa silage (AS40), and (3) 20% alfalfa silage (AS20). The lactic acid in AS60 did not increase after 30 days of ensiling (p > 0.05). Butyric acid was detected in the AS20 group after 14 days of ensiling. The AS60 group showed significantly higher in vitro dry matter digestibility than the AS20 group (p < 0.05). The aerobic stability of TMR silage gradually increased with a decreasing percentage of alfalfa silage (p < 0.05). Unlike AS60, which directly gained an acidic environment from the alfalfa silage, AS40 developed a stable acidic environment during ensiling and further improved aerobic stability. However, when the percentage of alfalfa silage was reduced to 20%, a risk of clostridial spoilage occurred in the TMR silage. Therefore, the addition of 40% alfalfa silage to TMR is optimal and could achieve both good fermentation quality and considerable resistance to aerobic deterioration in TMR silage.

Effect of Solvents, Stabilizers and the Concentration of Stabilizers on the Physical Properties of Poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) Nanoparticles: Encapsulation, In Vitro Release of Indomethacin and Cytotoxicity against HepG2-Cell

A biocompatible, biodegradable and FDA-approved polymer [Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)] was used to prepare the nanoparticles (NPs) to observe the effect of solvents, stabilizers and their concentrations on the physical properties of the PLGA-NPs, following the encapsulation and in vitro release of Indomethacin (IND). PLGA-NPs were prepared by the single-emulsion solvent evaporation technique using dichloromethane (DCM)/chloroform as the organic phase with Polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA)/Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as stabilizers to encapsulate IND. The effects of different proportions of PVA/PVP with DCM/chloroform on the physiochemical properties (particle size, the polydispersity index, the zeta potential by Malvern Zetasizer and morphology by SEM) of the NPs were investigated. DSC was used to check the physical state, the possible complexation of PLGA with stabilizer(s) and the crystallinity of the encapsulated drug. Stabilizers at all concentrations produced spherical, regular-shaped, smooth-surfaced discrete NPs. Average size of 273.2–563.9 nm was obtained when PVA (stabilizer) with DCM, whereas it ranged from 317.6 to 588.1 nm with chloroform. The particle size was 273.2–563.9 nm when PVP was the stabilizer with DCM, while it was 381.4–466.6 nm with chloroform. The zeta potentials of PVA-stabilized NPs were low and negative (−0.62 mV) while they were comparatively higher and positive for PVP-stabilized NPs (+17.73 mV). Finally, drug-loaded optimal NPs were composed of PLGA (40 mg) and IND (4 mg) in 1 mL DCM/chloroform with PVA/PVP (1–3%), which resulted in sufficient encapsulation (54.94–74.86%) and drug loading (4.99–6.81%). No endothermic peak of PVA/PVP appeared in the optimized formulation, which indicated the amorphous state of IND in the core of the PLGA-NPs. The in vitro release study indicated a sustained release of IND (32.83–52.16%) from the PLGA-NPs till 72 h and primarily followed the Higuchi matrix release kinetics followed by Korsmeyer–Peppas models. The cell proliferation assay clearly established that the organic solvents used to prepare PLGA-NPs had evaporated. The PLGA-NPs did not show any particular toxicity in the HepG2 cells within the dose range of IND (250–500 µg/mL) and at an equivalent concentration of PLGA-NPs (3571.4–7142.7 µg/mL). The cytotoxicity of the hepatotoxic drug (IND) was reduced by its encapsulation into PLGA-NPs. The outcomes of this investigation could be implemented to prepare PLGA-NPs of acceptable properties for the encapsulation of low/high molecular weight drugs. It would be useful for further in vitro and in vivo applications to use this delivery system.

Study on inhibition effect and mechanism of micron and nano Al(OH)3 powders on deflagration flame of poplar dust

In this paper, the Hartmann experimental system was used to study the effect of different proportions of micron and nano Al(OH)3 powders on the deflagration flame propagation of poplar dust. In the course of the experiment, a high-speed camera was used to record the flame shape and characteristic parameters in the process of poplar dust deflagration flame propagation. Combined with the SEM images of poplar dust explosion products under different conditions, the pyrolysis characteristic curves of poplar dust, micron and nano Al(OH)3 powders, the inhibition mechanism of micron and nano Al(OH)3 powders on poplar dust deflagration was analyzed. The experimental results show that micron and nano Al(OH)3 powders have obvious inhibition effect on poplar dust deflagration flame, and better inhibition effect can be achieved when 35% nano Al(OH)3 powder is added. And under the condition of adding the same proportion of micron and nano Al(OH)3 powders, the inhibition effect of nano Al(OH)3 powder is better than that of micron Al(OH)3 powder.

Effects of Different Heat Treatment Methods on Organic Pollutants and Heavy Metal Content in Oil Sludge Waste and Ecotoxicological Evaluation

The discharge of large amounts of oily sludge heat treatment residues constitutes a severe threat to the environment. However, little is known about the toxicity of these heat-treated residues. Current research has mainly focused on the toxic effects of single heavy metals or single hydrocarbons on plants, whereas the phytotoxic effects of hydrocarbon–metal mixtures have remained largely unexplored. In this study, pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of different proportions of heat treatment residues (pyrolysis, heat-washing, and high-temperature oxidation residues) from three kinds of oily sludge on the physiological and biochemical parameters of mung bean plants. Higher proportions of residues decreased the germination rates and enzyme activity of mung beans compared to uncontaminated soil. When pyrolysis residue, hot-washing residue, and high-temperature thermal oxidation residue are used in green planting soil, their content must be lower than 30%, 90%, and 70%, respectively. Additionally, our findings indicated that the accumulation level of pollutants in oily sludge heat treatment residues was not high. However, the three kinds of residues exhibited different degrees of plant toxicity. The pyrolysis residue still exhibited strong ecotoxicity, even at low concentrations. In contrast, the toxicity of the hot-washing residue was much lower than that of the pyrolysis residue and the high-temperature thermal oxidation residue. Our findings indicated that mung bean is highly tolerant of contaminated soil and is therefore well suited for phytoremediation applications.

Effects of broussonetia papyrifera-fermented feed on production performance, egg quality, and caecal microbiota of laying hens during the late laying period

This study was conducted to determine the effects of different proportions of Broussonetia papyrifera (BP)-fermented feed in the diet to replace part of soybean meal on the production performance, egg quality and caecal microbiota of laying hens in the late laying period. In the experiment, 360 Hy-line brown laying hens (67-week-old) were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates in each group and 15 chickens in each replicate. The control group was fed with basic diets, and EG1, EG2 and EG3 groups were used in 1.5%, 3% and 4.5% BP-fermented feed to replace corn and soybean meal in the basic diet, respectively. The pre-feeding period was 7 days, and the experiment period was 56 days. In terms of production performance, the average daily egg production in the EG3 decreased significantly compared with that in the control group (p < .05). In terms of caecal microorganisms, the abundance indices of Sobs, Chao, and ACE community distribution in EG2 significantly increased compared with those in the control group (p < .05). At the phylum level, the abundance of WPS-2 in all experimental groups significantly increased (p < .05). The abundance of Actinobacteria in EG1 increased significantly, and that of Campilobacterota and Elusimicrobiota in EG2 significantly increased (p < .05). At the genus level, Olsenella in EG1 increased significantly (p<.05) and UCG-008 in EG3 increased significantly (p < .05) with increasing replacement ratio of BP-fermented feed compared with the control group. The results suggest that based on the production performance, the recommended replacement amount is 3%. Highlights BP-fermented feed can be used as a new protein feed in layers diet at late laying stages. BP-fermented feed had no significant impact on improved egg production performance and egg quality. Replacing part of soybean meal with BP-fermented feed can significantly increase the WPS-2 and Actinobacteria and other phyla, resulting in changes in the intestinal microbes of laying hens.

Influence of Red Corn Rich in Anthocyanins on Productive Traits, Blood Metabolic Profile, and Antioxidative Status of Fattening Lambs.

Simple SummaryIn order to prevent lamb distress during weaning and avoid the occurrence of oxidative stress leading to diminished production performance, health status, or product quality, feeds rich in polyphenols (anthocyanins) are increasingly used in ruminant feeding. In the present study, lambs were allocated into three groups, with 10 lambs per group. The feed mixture for the control group (C) contained yellow corn. Lambs in experimental group I were fed feed mixtures containing yellow corn replaced by red corn at 50% (RC50). In experimental group II, red corn fully replaced (100%) yellow corn (RC100) in the lambs’ feed. The results of the present study indicate a positive effect of red corn rich in anthocyanins on the metabolic profile without any changes in the productive traits of lambs.In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of different proportions of red corn rich in anthocyanins on the diet of fattening lambs considering their productive traits, blood metabolic profile, and antioxidative status. The research was carried out with 30 Merinolandschaf lambs, 90 days old and weaned. The feed mixture for lambs (n = 10) of the control group contained yellow corn, while in the feed mixture of experimental group I (n = 10), yellow corn was replaced with red corn at 50% (RC50), and in experimental group II (n = 10), yellow corn was 100% replaced with red corn (RC100). An automatic three-part differential haematology analyser was used to determine haematological parameters in whole blood, and biochemical parameters were determined in blood serum using a biochemical analyser. A diet containing red corn did not affect productive traits or the majority of the examined parameters. However, higher blood haemoglobin content, increased aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase activity, and decreased glucose and non-esterified fatty acids concentrations were found in the serum of RC100 lambs. These results indicate a positive effect of red corn rich in anthocyanins on the metabolic profile without any changes in the productive traits of lambs.

Effects of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and reduced graphene oxide of different proportions on the electrothermal properties of cationic cellulose nanofibril-based composites

Cationic cellulose nanofibril (CCNF)-based electrothermal composites were successfully fabricated using simple ultrasonic dispersion and vacuum filtration of cationic cellulose nanofibril mixtures with 40 wt% mixed carbon fillers of different proportions of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO). The motivation of this study was to investigate the electrothermal synergetic effect of different proportions of nanocarbon filler on the CCNF matrix. The results showed that MWCNT and RGO were evenly dispersed within the CCNF matrix, forming a multidimensional conductive network. The composites were endowed with high electrical conductivity from 1.17 S/cm to 7.58 S/cm and demonstrated an advantageous correlation of voltage–current and electric power–voltage with increasing MWCNT in the mixed carbon fillers. The electrothermal composite exhibited a remarkable heating and cooling response and electrothermal stability, and the efficient heating temperature for a ratio of MWCNT to RGO of 35:5 reached 102.15 °C at an applied voltage of 18 V. Furthermore, the mixed use of MWCNT and RGO effectively improved the electrothermal performance, its average electrothermal response time was less than 43.32 s, and the electrical power consumed was 32.85 mW/°C. This electrothermal composite has promising applications in eco-friendly and flexible resistance heating electronics.

Effect of Different Proportions of Courtyard Buildings in Hot-Dry Climate on Energy Consumption (Case Study: Traditional Courtyard Houses of Kerman, Iran)

One of the crucial issues in early stages of designing process of a building is a lack of architects’ knowledge about the energy consumption in different forms of building with different proportions, especially in central courtyard forms. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of the ratio of perimeter to the height of the courtyard (R1) and the ratio of width to length of the courtyard (R2) on energy consumption. In the first step of this research, different proportions of central courtyard with different R1 and R2 were simulated in design builder software. Then, multi linear regression was used to find out the effect of different proportions (R1 and R2) on energy consumption through SPSS software. Finally, the effect of R1 and R 2 ratio on energy consumption was validated through investigating six existing central courtyard forms. The result demonstrated that the effective coefficient of the R1 and R2 ratio on energy consumption were -25.41 and 62.69 respectively. Findings of this research help architects to achieve relative acknowledge about the energy consumption of different proportions of the courtyard forms for creating more energy efficient forms.

Effect of Different Proportions of Mg(Bh4)2/Al on Thermal Decomposition of Rdx

Effect of Different Proportions of Mg(Bh4)2/Al on Thermal Decomposition of Rdx

Effects of Supplementing Finger Millet (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Eleucine coracana&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;) Straw with Grass Pea (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Lathyrus sativus&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; L.) Hulls and Concentrate Mixture on Feed Intake, Digestibility and Body Weight Change in Washera Sheep

The productivity of sheep in Ethiopia is very low mainly due to a serious shortage of feedstuff. As a result, it is necessary to look for cheap locally available feedstuffs to sustain sheep production in the country. Non-conventional feeds like grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) hulls (GPH) could partly fill the gap in the feed supply, decrease competition for food between humans and animals and reduce feed cost. Therefore, this experiment was designed to evaluate effects of different proportions of grass pea hulls and concentrate mixture (CM) supplementation on feed intake, digestibility, and growth of Washera sheep fed finger millet straw (FMS) as a basal diet. Diets consisted FMS alone fed ad libitum (T1), 100% CM (T2), 30% GPH mixed with 70% CM (T3), 30% CM mixed with 70% GPH (T4), and 100% GPH (T5). For all treatments, FMS was fed ad libitum. Experimental sheep were arranged in a randomized complete block design and treatment feeds were assigned to the animals within a block. The results showed that FMS contained 5.5% CP and 68.9% NDF. The supplements contained 21%, 20%, 16% and 14% CP; and 36%, 43%, 52% and 59% NDF for T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively. Supplementation improved (p resulted in the lowest ADG (p . While, animals in T1 lost a bodyweight of 5.6 g/day. As the proportion of GPH supplementation was greater than 30%, there was reduction (p T2 > T4 > T5. Therefore, from biological point of view as well as based on partial budget analysis, T3 was found to be recommendable for smallholder sheep producers.

Effects of fructooligosaccharide and soybean protein isolate in the microencapsulation of walnut oil

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different proportions of fructooligosaccharide/soy isolate protein as wall materials on the physical properties and structural characterization of walnut oil microcapsules. Different ratios of oligofructose/soy protein isolate microcapsules were prepared to encapsulate walnut oil. The protective effect of microcapsules on walnut oil was evaluated by accelerated oxidation experiment. The microcapsules were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that fructooligosaccharide had no effect on the two-level structure of soy protein isolate, but its encapsulation efficiency could be improved by reducing the particle size of the emulsion and increasing the viscosity of the emulsion. In addition, fructooligosaccharide can improve the encapsulation efficiency by maintaining the structure of the protein during the freeze-drying process. The addition of fructooligosaccharide reduces the water content and hygroscopicity of the microcapsules. The accelerated oxidation results show that microencapsulation can significantly improve the oxidation stability of walnut oil. After accelerated oxidation, the peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid value of walnut oil in the control group were significantly higher than those of microencapsulated walnut oil (p < 0.05). The peroxide value of unencapsulated walnut oil is 2.8 times higher than that of encapsulated walnut oil. The results show that fructooligosaccharide/soy isolate protein could be used as the wall material of microcapsules to embed sensitive, active substances.

Effect of Different Proportions of Probiotics on Immunological Blood Parameters of Babcock Laying Hens Strain

The research was conducted at the Research Center of Agriculture Faculty of the University of Aleppo. 240 chickens of Babcock B300 strain were used and distributed randomly from day one into four independent groups. Each group included 60 birds distributed into three replicates (20 birds). The control group (A group) was fed a balanced standard feed mixture (1-18 weeks) without additives, while lactic acid bacillus was added to treatments groups according to three levels (50 mg/kg feed; B group, 100 mg/kg feed; C group and 150 mg/kg feed; D group). Haematological analyzes were performed over two- time intervals (1-21 weeks and 22-32 weeks). In the first time interval, results showed that a rise in blood albumin (P<0.001) was also observed in C and D groups compared to the A group. The rates of blood globulin increased (P<0.02) in the D group compared with the rest of the groups. No significant differences were noticed across the various groups for the total number of white blood cells and lymphocytes rates. In the second time interval (productive stage), significant differences (P<0.01) were noticed across the various groups in the percentages of the total protein (the highest value was 4.75 g/dl; B group) and serum albumin (the highest value was 3.26 g/dl; D group). It is concluded from the current study that the addition of probiotics to the mixtures of laying hens had a significant improvement in the immune parameters in the blood.

Evaluation of Maturity and Greenhouse Gas Emission in Co-Composting of Chicken Manure with Tobacco Powder and Vinasse/Mushroom Bran

This study investigated the effects of different proportions (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%) of bulking agent (vinasse, mushroom bran, and tobacco powder) on maturity and gaseous emissions in chicken manure composting. The results showed that all of the treatments reached the standard of harmless disposal. With the exception of the control treatment, the CH4, N2O, and NH3 emissions in the treatments that had been prepared using the addition of mixed bulking agents were effectively reduced by 2.9–30.6%, 8.30–80.9%, and 37.3–26.6%; their compost maturity also met the Chinese national standard. Specifically, 10% mushroom bran combined with 5% tobacco powder was the optimal combination for simultaneously improving the maturity and reducing greenhouse gas emission in chicken manure composting.

Carbon Dioxide and Methane Emissions during the Composting and Vermicomposting of Sewage Sludge under the Effect of Different Proportions of Straw Pellets

Owing to rapid population growth, sewage sludge poses a serious environmental threat across the world. Composting and vermicomposting are biological technologies commonly used to stabilize sewage sludge. The objective of this study was to assess the carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions from sewage sludge composting and vermicomposting under the influence of different proportions of straw pellets. Four treatments were designed, by mixing the initial sewage sludge with varying ratio of pelletized wheat straw (0, 25%, 50%, and 75% (w/w)). The experiment was conducted for 60 days, and Eisenia andrei was used for vermicomposting. The results revealed that the mixing ratio influenced CO2 (F = 36.1, p = 0.000) and CH4 (F= 73.9, p = 0.000) emissions during composting and CO2 (F= 13.8, p = 0.000) and CH4 (F= 4.5, p= 0.004) vermicomposting. Vermicomposting significantly reduced CH4 emissions by 18–38%, while increasing CO2 emissions by 64–89%. The mixing agent (pelletized wheat straw) decreased CO2 emission by 60–70% and CH4 emission by 30–80% compared to control (0%). The mass balance indicated that 5.5–10.4% of carbon was loss during composting, while methane release accounted for 0.34–1.69%, and CO2 release accounted for 2.3–8.65%. However, vermicomposting lost 8.98–13.7% of its carbon, with a methane release of 0.1–0.6% and CO2 release of 5.0–11.6% of carbon. The carbon loss was 3.3–3.5% more under vermicomposting than composting. This study demonstrated that depending on the target gas to be reduced, composting and vermicomposting, as well as a mixing agent (pelletized wheat straw), could be an option for reducing greenhouse gas emissions (i.e. CH4, CO2).

CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 NCs glass prepared by a composition regulation strategy for amplification spontaneous emission and white light emitting diode

As a promising optoelectronic material, all-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have attracted much attention, but there are few studies on zero-dimensional Cs4PbBr6 perovskite NCs. Herein, the in situ growth of the CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 NCs inside amorphous glass has been achieved by adjusting the ratios of Cs2CO3 and PbBr2. The effect of different proportions with raw materials on the phase, microstructure, and photoluminescence (PL) characteristics was discussed in detail. Moreover, CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 NCs glass with high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of ∼58.9% was obtained by optimizing the heat treatment condition. In particular, CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 NCs glass realizes low-threshold amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) at room temperature. Meanwhile, as a green light source, CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 NCs glass makes white light-emitting diode (WLED) presents a wide color gamut. Importantly, CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 NCs glass displays excellent water/thermal stability. All these results prove that CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 NCs glass has broad application prospects in the field of lasers and backlight displays.

Enhanced performance of photocatalytic treatment of Congo red wastewater by CNTs-Ag-modified TiO2 under visible light.

In order to improve the treatment efficiency of printing and dyeing wastewater, the carbon nanotubes-silver-modified-titanium dioxide (CNTs-Ag-TiO2, CAT) ternary composite was prepared by a mechanical mixing method. It was found that the morphology of the prepared CAT sample was uniformly coated with strips of CNTs, speckled Ag, and lumpy TiO2. The (002) crystal plane of CNTs, the (101) crystal plane of TiO2, and the (111) crystal plane of Ag were observed, which possessed functional groups such as Ti-OH and Ti-O-C, indicating that the prepared CAT sample had photocatalytic reaction sites. The visible light utilization of titanium dioxide can be improved. The treatment effect of different proportions of CNTs-Ag-TiO2 on Congo red wastewater was tested, and the results showed that the optimum degradation effect of Congo red wastewater was CNTs: Ag = 10:1, and the doped amount of CNTs/Ag was 15%, and the removal rate of Congo red wastewater could reach 100% within 140 min. The excellent removal effect of CAT ternary composite on Congo red wastewater provided a new idea and way for the modification of TiO2 and its composites for the potential of organic dyes degradation.

Physicochemical, Functional, Fatty Acids Profile, Health Lipid Indices, Microstructure and Sensory Characteristics of Walnut-Processed Cheeses.

In the present study, processed cheeses fortified with walnut paste (a high source of omega-3 fatty acids) were developed and characterized. In order to identify the best cheese formulation, the effects of different proportions of walnut paste (0, 5, 10, and 15%) on cheese physicochemical, functional, fatty acids profile, health lipid indices (atherogenic and thrombogenic), microstructure, and sensorial characteristics were studied. Results showed that walnut-added samples had significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher levels of acidity, protein, fat, and ash contents with lower meltability and oil separation index compared to the control. Processed cheeses with walnuts contained significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher percentages of MUFAs, and ω-3 PUFAs (mainly α-linolenic acid) and significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower amounts of SFAs (mainly myristic, palmitic and stearic acids) and ω6/ω3 ratio. Scanning Electron Micrograph of processed cheese containing walnut paste showed uniform distribution of walnut in the protein matrix. Processed cheeses made with 5 or 10% walnut paste presented the most acceptable sensory properties. These results indicated that walnut paste supplementation can be used as a nutritional strategy to increase concentrations of human health-promoting fatty acids in processed cheeses while maintaining good sensory and technological properties.

Study on the effect and mechanism of Ca(H2PO4)2 and CaCO3 powders on inhibiting the explosion of titanium powder

In this paper, the experiment of titanium powder explosion was carried out by using Hartmann and 20-L spherical explosion tank. The inhibition effect of different proportions of Ca(H2PO4)2 and CaCO3 powders on titanium powder explosion was studied, and the inhibition mechanism of inhibitor on titanium powder explosion was analyzed. The experimental results show that with the increase of the proportion of inhibitors, the flame brightness becomes darker, the propagation velocity and distance decrease gradually, and the Pex and (dp/dt)ex decrease gradually. When 80% Ca(H2PO4)2 and CaCO3 were added, the average flame propagation speed decreased to 0.59 m/s and 1.08 m/s, respectively, and decreased by 87.7% and 77.4%; the Pex decreased to 0.152 MPa and 0.206 MPa, respectively, and decreased by 80% and 72.9%. The results show that both Ca(H2PO4)2 and CaCO3 have certain inhibition effect on titanium powder explosion, and the inhibition effect of Ca(H2PO4)2 is better.

The effect of consuming different proportions of hummer fish on biochemical and histopathological changes of hyperglycemic rats

Hammour fish (grouper fish) are known to be of great nutritional value for human consumption, as their protein has a high biological value and contains all the essential amino acids. Grouper fish are also a good source of minerals, vitamins, and fats that contain essential fatty acids. Thus, the current study aims to know the effect of different proportion of hummer fish on biochemical and histopathological changes of hyperglycemic rats. Twenty-four (24) Sprague Dawley-strain male albino rats, which weighed 150 ± 10 g, were divided into four groups. One group served as the negative control (normal), while the others were rendered diabetic using alloxan. One of the diabetic groups was considered the positive control and fed a standard diet, whereas the remaining two groups were fed with a 20% and 25% hammour fish diet for 28 days. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were taken from all the rats, and their organs were removed and subjected to biochemical analysis. The results indicated that the group fed with the 25% hammour fish diet exhibited significantly lower levels of liver, kidney, and heart damage, along with lower levels of serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, GOT, GPT and ALP, as compared to the positive control. The urea and creatinine levels were significantly higher for the rats that were fed the 20% hammour fish diet than for those in the positive control. The histopathological study of the heart showed a slight improvement of the heart tissues with the increase of hammour fish intake compare to the positive control, while kidney of rat from group 4, which were fed 25% hammour fish, showed granularity of epithelial lining glomerular tufts.