Effects Of Different Fertilizers Research Articles

Effects of different fertilizers on the growth and yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) in summer season in Chitwan, Nepal

An experiment was conducted in the Horticulture Farm of Agriculture and Forestry University to demonstrate the effects of different fertilizers on the yield and yield parameters of okra (var. Arka Anamika). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) consisting of seven treatments and three replications. The various treatments used in the experiment were goat manure, sesame cake, mustard cake, synthetic fertilizer (NPK), poultry manure, vermicompost and untreated control. The required dose of nitrogen was fulfilled by the fertilizer itself whereas insufficient amount of phosphorous and potassium was fulfilled by addition of single super phosphate and muriate of potash respectively. The fertilizers were applied on the basis of recommendation given by the Nepal Agriculture Research Council (NARC). The effect of poultry manure on number of open flowers and number of fruits at 40 DAS was found superior. The effect of poultry manure on plant height, number of leaves, plant diameter was found superior at 50 DAS. Goat manure produced the superior result on number of open flowers at 50 DAS. Poultry manure on the number of leaves and plant height produced the significant result at 60 DAS. Synthetic fertilizer responded well to number of fruits at 60 DAS. Sesame cake produced the superior results at 70 DAS on number of buds. Poultry manure responded well to all the parameters and produced the yield of 20 qt/ha with the BC ratio of 1.77. This experiment suggests the farmers to use the poultry manure to get the highest economic return. Vermicompost and mustard cake producing the superior and significant yield in this research are not recommended as they have low BC ratio unless effective measures are encouraged to reduce the cost of this fertilizers.

Effects of Different Fertilization and Fallowing Practices on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Mineralization in a Dryland Soil with Low Organic Matter

Soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) mineralization plays an important role in crop growth and nutrition cycling. Based on a 10-year field experiment, an aerobic incubation experiment (105 days) was conducted to determine soil mineralized C and mineralized N at two depths (0–20 and 20–40 cm) under four cropping treatments (winter wheat with no fertilizer (Ctr), N fertilizer (N), phosphorus fertilizer (P), and N and P fertilizers (NP)) and two fallowing treatments (natural-F and bare-F). Results showed that compared with Ctr, N and NP significantly increased the wheat grain and straw yield. N, NP, and natural-F significantly increased the soil organic N concentration by 10.4%, 15.2%, and 22.0%, respectively, at 0–20-cm soil depth, and the natural-F significantly increased the soil organic C concentration by 16.8%. Additionally, bare-F led to lower soil organic N at the two soil depths and soil organic C at 0–20-cm depth when compared with NP and natural-F. The highest net mineralized N and C were observed in soils with the highest organic N and C contents (i.e., natural-F). Meanwhile, the lowest net mineralized N and C were observed in the treatments with the lowest soil organic N and C contents (i.e., bare-F). Therefore, in the Loess Plateau, the management of NP application is critical for increasing grain yield, maintaining soil C and N levels and supplying adequate N to the plants. By contrast, the application of N alone, P alone, or bare fallow is not a useful method for maintaining soil fertility.

Effects of different fertilizers on residues of oxytetracycline and microbial activity in soil.

Oxytetracycline (OTC), a type of tetracycline, was used widely as feeding additive to promote animal growth in breeding industry in the world. Its residue has been found in soils. Based on potted maize experiments, the influences of OTC on soil enzyme activity, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), and soil fertility were investigated during the growth stages of maize receiving different fertilizers (spent mushroom substrate, worm manure, and biochar, among others, with single applications and combined applications with their cooperating microbial inoculants). The results showed that OTC negatively affected the soil enzyme activity, MBC, MBN, and cation exchange capacity (CEC). Enzyme activity, MBC, and MBN were more sensitive to OTC than soil fertility. The significant negative correlations were found between OTC concentrations and catalase, MBC, and CEC (p < 0.05). This indicated that the effects of OTC on soil can be alleviated by different fertilizers, and the effects of T6 (microbial inoculants), T7 (microbial inoculants + worm manure), T8 (microbial inoculants + SMS), and T9 (microbial inoculants + biochar) were the best among those of all treatments. During the mature stage of maize, the content of OTC in the soil of T7 was the lowest compared with other treatments. The results provide a good basis for the development of methods to remediate OTC-contaminated soils.

Long-Term Effect of Different Fertilization and Cropping Systems on the Soil Antibiotic Resistome.

Different fertilization and cropping systems may influence short- and long-term residues of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in soil. Soils from dryland (peanut) and paddy (rice) fields, which originated from the same nonagricultural land (forested), were treated with either chemical fertilizer, composted manure, or no fertilizer for 26 years before sampling, which occurred one year after the last applications. ARGs and MGEs were investigated using highly parallel qPCR and high-throughput sequencing. Six of the 11 antibiotics measured by LC-MS/MS were detected in the manure applied soil, but not in the nonmanured soils, indicating their source was from previous manure applications. Compared to the unfertilized control, manure application did not show a large accumulation of ARGs in either cropping system but there were some minor effects of soil management on indigenous ARGs. Paddy soil showed higher accumulation of these ARGs, which corresponded to higher microbial biomass than the dryland soil. Chemical fertilizer increased relative abundance of these ARGs in dryland soil but decreased their relative abundance in paddy soil. These results show how long-term common soil management practices affect the abundance and type of ARGs and MGEs in two very different soil environments, one aerobic and the other primarily anaerobic.

Effects of amendments on base cation and micronutrient availabilities in soils planted with tomato in a solar greenhouse

ABSTRACTIn order to obtain high tomato production, chemical fertilizers have been intensively applied in solar greenhouse in Northern China. This unreasonable use of chemical fertilizers always leads to soil degradation. One of the most serious problems is the loss of exchangeable base cations: calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K), and available micronutrients: iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn). We collected soils with different tomato cultivation durations: 0, 5, and 20 years, to investigate the effects of different fertilizers on the dynamics of soil base cations and micronutrients which extracted by 1 M ammonium acetate and 0.005 M diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, respectively. Five treatments were included: no fertilizer application as control (Con), chemical nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers (CF), rice straw (FS), chicken manure (CM), and vermicompost (VM). Our results show that soil exchangeable Ca significantly decreased with the increase of cultivation duration, whereas soil exchangeable K increased due to the fertilization of K. Soil exchangeable Ca and K exhibited decreasing trends during the growth season of tomato, but not exchangeable Mg. Long-term tomato cultivation significantly increased soil available micronutrients. Soil available Fe and Mn fluctuated sharply during the growing season of tomato plant. Except Zn, fertilizers exhibited no constant significant effect on base cations and micronutrients. After long term planting of tomato, the loss of exchangeable Ca, but not Mg and micronutrients, might potentially constrain the productivity of crop under intensive chemical fertilization.

Emission of NH3 and N2O from Spinach Field Treated with Different Fertilizers

Agricultural management techniques such as fertilizer or manure application have substantial influence on NH3 and N2O emissions and, by understanding this influence, management strategies can be developed to reduce them. An experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at Hunan Agricultural University during 2012 to 2013, to investigate effects of different fertilizers on NH3 and N2O emissions. The treatments included control without fertilizer (CK), swine composting fertilizer (SC), stored swine manure fertilizer (SS), and chemical fertilizer (FC). The fluxes of NH3 and N2O were collected by venting method and static-chamber method, respectively. The results showed that during the spinach growth season, compared with FC, loss of both NH3 and N2O for SC were reduced by 52.9% and 95.12%, respectively(P<0.01). However, loss of NH3 for SS increased by 24.8%, and loss of N2O reduced by 48.8% compared with FC. Loss rate of NH3 were SS (10.97%) > FC (4.19%) > SC(2.74%), and emission coefficient for N2O were FC(4.50%) > SC(2.21%) > SS(0.60%). Yield and utilization of nitrogen for SC were reduced by 19.61% and 13.20% compared with FC, respectively, but not significantly; and significantly reduced by 27.9% and 40.0% compared with SS, respectively. Loss of gases (NH3 and N2O) for SC were 1.83%, which was the lowest, while utilization of nitrogen for SC was 13.20%, similar with FC. Greenhouse temperature was not the critical factor during the spinach planting in winter, but soil water was. Therefore, optimizing manure management could reduce ammonia volatilization and N2O emission loss without decreasing vegetables production, and the present data indicated that SC would be optimal for better yields with reduced ammonia volatilization and N2O emission loss.

Effects of Various Combinations of Fertilizer, Soil Moisture, and Temperature on Nitrogen Mineralization and Soluble Organic Nitrogen in Agricultural Soil

An 84-day laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different fertilizers (urea; manure), moisture conditions (60%, 75% and 90% water holding capacity) and temperatures (15, 25 and 35℃) on nitrogen mineralization. The experiment included 3 treatments:①CK, unfertilized control; ② Ur, adding urea at N 120 mg·kg-1; 3 UM, adding urea and manure (equal to adding N 120 mg·kg-1). Total inorganic nitrogen and soluble organic nitrogen (SON) were determined at different times throughout the experiment. The results showed that soil temperature and fertilization type had significant impacts on the net mineralization rates, cumulative mineralization, and the potentially mineralizable nitrogen (N0) (P<0.01). In addition, the soil net N mineralization rates and cumulative mineralization significantly (P<0.05) increased by 1.46-8.17 and 2.00-8.15 times, respectively, when fertilizers were added into soils. The soil net N mineralization rates and cumulative mineralization increased with the increase of temperature. Compared with CK treatment, Ur and UM treatments could significantly increase the content of soil soluble organic nitrogen(SON). There was a significant negative correlation between the content of SON and cumulative mineralization. It indicated that SON was involved in soil nitrogen mineralization as a non-negligible component. Increasing the temperature could significantly increase the mineralization rate and mineralization intensity of SON in soil, but the water content had no significant influence on the SON of the soils. Moreover, the authors found that fertilization treatment worked significantly in decreasing the Q10 value for soil N mineralization compared with CK treatment. Further, the Q10 value was significantly lowest in UM treatment(Q10=1.01). The results showed that the application of organic manure significantly reduced the sensitivity of the rate of nitrogen mineralization to temperature changes, which was beneficial in slowing down the release rate of mineral nitrogen under high temperatures and improving the nitrogen utilization efficiency of crops.

Effect of Different Fertilizers on Crop Growth, Oil yield and Chemical Composition of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citrates (DC.) Stapf)

Purpose: Lemongrass (Cymbopogan citrates (DC) Stapf. ) is ranked among the top ten oil bearing crops in the world and the essential oils of lemongrass are widely used in pharmaceutical, cosmetics, food and flavor, agriculture industries and possess an array of medicinal uses. Aromatic grasses respond well to application of manures and fertilizers. However, farmers do not use fertilizer. Therefore, it is very important to find out the possibility to increase oil yield and improve the quality of essential oil by applying inorganic and organic fertilizer. Therefore, a study was conducted to investigate the effect of fertilizers on crop growth, bio mass production, oil yield and chemical composition of Lemongrass. Research Method: Three different fertilizer mixtures (F1:compost only, F2: inorganic fertilizer (urea, triple super phosphate and muriate of potash at the rate of 278, 296 and 175kg/ha respectively) and F3: inorganic fertilizer + Compost) were used with (F0) control (without fertilizer). Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used as the experimental design. Number of leaves, tillers and plant height (cm) were recorded. Oil yield and chemical composition of five months old plants were evaluated. Essential oil was extracted by hydro distillation and chemical composition of essential oil was analyzed by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry. Findings: Highest herbage yield (15.94 t ha-), dry matter yield (4.82 t ha-) and oil yield (fresh wgt. basis) (59.16 kg ha-) were recorded in the treatment of F3 (Compost 106.5g: Urea 2.96g: TSP 3.15g: MOP 1.86g per plant). Citral, β- Citral, Geraniol, α Pinene, cis – Verbenol were major chemical compounds identified in oil. Research Limitations: The study focused on whether there were benefits of using organic and inorganic fertilizers for lemongrass cultivation. However, the research was done only for a limited number of fertilizer mixtures. Further research with different fertilizer mixtures will offer most suitable mixture of fertilizers. Originality/Value: Present study revealed that, application of inorganic fertilizer along with compost result best growth performances and highest oil yield with high quantities of economically important major chemical constituents in lemongrass.

Effects of different irrigation and fertilization practices on nitrogen leaching in facility vegetable production in northeastern China

Excessive nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation in facility vegetable production cause N leaching, which leads to a series of environmental problems. It is urgent to develop practical management strategies to reduce N leaching while maintaining or increasing yield and water use efficiency (WUE). In the present study, a greenhouse experiment was conducted in the mollisols of northeastern China, where eggplant was planted as the main vegetable. We aimed to evaluate the effects of different fertilization and irrigation practices on N leaching, eggplant yield and WUE. Four treatments were set: applying regular amounts of fertilizer and irrigation (WF), reducing chemical fertilizer application rates by 20% (W80%F), reducing irrigation by 20% (80%WF) and adding biochar into the WF treatment (WF + B). The results showed that the WF + B treatment significantly decreased N leaching while increasing eggplant yield and WUE by 5.5% and 11%, respectively, in comparison with the results of the WF treatment. The amount of N leaching, eggplant yield and WUE in the W80%F treatment were quite similar with those in the WF treatment. Compared with the WF treatment, the 80%WF treatment significantly decreased N leaching and increased WUE; however, it casued a sharp decrease in yield. Our results demonstrated that adding biochar may be a good practice for minimizing N leaching and increasing yield and WUE in facility vegetable production systems.

Effect of different fertilizers on the mineral content of pumpkin fruit

Effect of different fertilizers on the mineral content of pumpkin fruit

Structure and biodegradability of dissolved organic matter from Ultisol treated with long-term fertilizations

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a labile and reactive fraction of soil organic matter. Ultisol usually has low content of organic matter. Fertilization is a normal way in regulating the state of soil organic matter. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different fertilizations on the content, distribution, structure, and biodegradability of DOM from Ultisol. Ultisol treated by no fertilizer (Ck), chemical fertilizer (NPK), the mixture of chemical fertilizer and straw (NPKS), and animal manure (AM) were collected from a long-term fertilization experimental site. Soil DOM was extracted by deionized water with solid to water ratio of 1:5. The concentration of dissolved organic carbon and total soluble nitrogen in DOM was determined by TOC analyzer. The structure of DOM was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy through the emission spectra, excitation spectra, synchronous-scan spectra, and excitation-emission matrix. Soil DOM was incubated for 21 days after the addition of soil microbial inoculum and nutrient solution, the biodegradability of DOM was estimated by calculating the percentage of dissolved organic carbon lost after 21 days of incubation. The content of dissolved organic carbon in the soil of Ck, NPK, NPKS, and AM was 22.14, 27.05, 36.08, and 56.04 mg/kg, respectively. The distribution of dissolved organic carbon on large macroaggregate increased from 47.0% in Ck to 65.0–71.5% in fertilized treatments but that on small macroaggregate decreased from 35.5% in Ck to 18.3–19.9% in fertilized treatments. Similar peak wavelength and a fluorophore at wavelength pair of 330–340ex/406–422em were found in all examined DOM. However, a sequence of AM > NPKS > NPK > Ck was found in the fluorescence intensity of examined DOM, indicating the simplification of DOM structure induced by fertilization. The biodegradability of DOM from the Ck, NPK, NPKS, and AM treatment after 21 days of incubation was 23.9, 28.7, 34.2, and 42.7%, respectively. Organic and inorganic fertilization increased the content of DOM from Ultisol. Compared to the Ck treatment, the fertilization treatments increased the distribution of dissolved organic carbon on large macroaggregate but reduced its distribution on small macroaggregate. Humic acid-like compounds were the dominant fractions in DOM from all treatments. DOM from Ck and NPK treatments had more complex molecular structure and lower biodegradability than that from NPKS and AM treatments.

Bulk soil and maize rhizosphere resistance genes, mobile genetic elements and microbial communities are differently impacted by organic and inorganic fertilization.

Organic soil fertilizers, such as livestock manure and biogas digestate, frequently contain bacteria carrying resistance genes (RGs) to antimicrobial substances and mobile genetic elements (MGEs). The effects of different fertilizers (inorganic, manure, digestate) on RG and MGE abundance and microbial community composition were investigated in a field plot experiment. The relative abundances of RGs [sul1, sul2, tet(A), tet(M), tet(Q), tet(W), qacEΔ1/qacE] and MGEs [intI1, intI2, IncP-1, IncP-1ε and LowGC plasmids] in total community (TC)-DNA from organic fertilizers, bulk soil and maize rhizosphere were quantified by qPCR before/after fertilization and prior to maize harvest. Microbial communities were analyzed via Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA gene fragments amplified from TC-DNA. Compared to inorganic fertilization, manure treatments increased relative abundances of all RGs analyzed, integrons and few genera affiliated to Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in bulk soil, while digestate increased sul2, tet(W) and intI2. At harvest, treatment effects vanished in bulk soil. However, organic fertilizer effects were still detectable in the rhizosphere for RGs [manure: intI1, sul1; digestate: tet(W)] and Clostridium related sequences (digestates) with increased relative abundance. Our data indicated transient organic fertilizer effects on RGs, MGEs and microbial community composition in bulk soil with long-term history of digestate or manure application.

Effects of different fertilizers on methane emissions and methanogenic community structures in paddy rhizosphere soil

Paddy soil accounts for 10% of global atmospheric methane (CH4) emissions. Many types of fertilizers may enhance CH4 emissions, especially organic fertilizer. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of different fertilizers on CH4 and methanogen patterns in paddy soil. This experiment involved four treatments: chemical fertilizer (CT), organic fertilizer (OT), mixed with chemical and organic fertilizer (MT), and no fertilizer (ctrl). The three fertilization treatments were applied with total nitrogen at the same rate of 300 kg N ha−1. Paddy CH4, soil physicochemical variables and methanogen communities were quantitatively analyzed. Rhizosphere soil mcrA and pmoA gene copy numbers were determined by qPCR. Methanogenic 16S rRNA genes were identified by MiSeq sequencing. The results indicated CH4 emissions were significantly higher in OT (145.31 kg ha−1) than MT (84.62 kg ha−1), CT (77.88 kg ha−1) or ctrl (32.19 kg ha−1). Soil organic acids were also increased by organic fertilization. CH4 effluxes were significantly and negatively related to mcrA and pmoA gene copy numbers, and positively related to mcrA/pmoA. Above all, hydrogenotrophic Methanocella and acetoclastic Methanosaeta were the predominant methanogenic communities; these communities were strictly associated with soil potassium, oxalate, acetate, and succinate. Application of organic fertilizer promoted the dominant acetoclastic methanogens, but suppressed the dominant hydrogenotrophic methanogens. The transformation in methanogenic community structure and enhanced availability of C substrates may explain the increased CH4 production in OT compared to other treatments. Compared to OT, MT may partially mitigate CH4 emissions while guaranteeing a high rice yield. On this basis, we recommend the local fertilization pattern should change from 300 N kg ha−1 of organic manure to the same level of mixed fertilization. Moreover, we suggest multiple combinations of mixed fertilization merit more investigation in the future.

Testing the effects of different fertilizers applied at a single time on the nitrate content and yield of Brassica campestris L.

Testing the effects of different fertilizers applied at a single time on the nitrate content and yield of <i>Brassica campestris</i> L.

Growth Performance and Survival of Common Carp ( Cyprinus Carpio,Linnaeus 1785) Fingerlings Under Different Fertilizers

A fertilizer experiment was conducted outdoor plastic tanks to study the effect of different fertilizers on survival and growth of common carp (Cyprinus carpio. L) fingerlings (0.88 ± 0.09 g) divided into 9 treatment groups of 3 replicates for 60 days, Individual weight gain and survival rates were compared among a control system. Three treatments were manured at every 7 days with cow dung, poultry manure, and compost at 0.26 kg/ m3, 0.39 kg/ m3 and 0.52 kg/ m3 dose. The survival rates were observed in all treatments, ranging from 60 %, 44.43 %, and 22.23% in poultry manure, cow dung, and compost respectively. The nutrients contents in manures were higher in poultry manure and lower in cow dung and compost. Weight gain of common carp stocked in poultry manured system was reported the significantly higher growth (2.06±0.33 g) than other treatments. The highest SGR (1.66%) was recorded in poultry manured system. The lowest SGR was observed in cow dung fertilized system (0.22%) while it was 0.50% in compost system. The results suggest that application rate of 0.52 kg/ m3 at every 7 days seems to be the most suitable for common carp manured with poultry litter, through maintenance of better water quality to enhance the greater abundance of plankton biomass in the system.

Effect of Different Fertilizers on Yield of Groundnut

The experiment was laid out at the Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kapurthala farm with five treatments in randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments include: T1: application of SSP@ 125kg/ha, T2: application of gypsum@ 125kg/ha, T3: application of SSP@ 125 kg/ha + gypsum@ 125kg/ha, T4: application of DAP@ 45kg/ha + gypsum@ 125kg/ha and T5: Farmer's practice (DAP application@ 45kg/ha). The yield data of groundnut revealed that maximum pod yield was obtained with application of SSP@ 125 kg/ha and gypsum@ 125kg/ha followed by SSP@ 125kg/ha alone or DAP@ 45kg/ha + gypsum@ 125kg/ha, which were statistically at par with each other. Similar results were observed with number of pods/plant. It could be inferred that application of both SSP and gypsum was must to get optimum yield of groundnut.

Zakorovljenost i prinos kukuruza specifičnih svojstava gajenih uz primenu ekoloških đubriva

Maize hybrids (Zea mays L.) with specific traits, such as those with red pericarp, high-protein flints or white kernel hybrids, have increased utility value as they contain some vitamins and minerals beneficial to human and animal nutrition. Furthermore, their cultivation with the application of specific fertilisers could further increase the grain quality through increased participation of macro- and micro-elements that are lacking in the diet. Agronomic biofortification encompasses the application of different production technology that enables better absorption and effective accumulation of essential elements such as iron, zinc, manganese, copper in the edible parts of cultivated plants. On the other hand, fertilisation influences the weed infestation levels and especially the presence of nitrophilic weed species in maize crop. The fertiliser application changes the balance in competition between crops and weeds, not only for nutrients but also for other resources. The effects of different fertilisers were compared within developmental research in the field of ecological agriculture to point up the advantages of microbiological and organic fertilisers, since these fertilisers can contribute to higher yields, but unlike mineral fertilisers, they positively affect the soil and agro-ecosystem. The studies were carried out to determine to what extent agronomic biofortification contributed to the increase of yielding potential and grain quality of maize genotypes with specific traits, as well as how it affected the occurrence and distribution of weeds. The red kernel maize hybrid ZP5048C, high-protein flint maize hybrid ZP737 and white kernel maize hybrid ZP552b, were grown in variants with mineral fertiliser urea, microbiological fertiliser Team Micorriza Plus and organic fertiliser Fertor, that contained essential elements necessary for the nutrition of cultivated plants. No fertiliser was applied to the control treatment. The fertilisation mainly contributed to the increase of weed mass in comparison with the non-fertilised control variant in extremely dry 2017. The highest weed mass was recorded in the hybrid ZP737 in the variant with organic fertiliser, while the lowest weed mass was recorded in all hybrids when microbiological fertiliser had been applied. The highest, i.e. lowest grain yield was recorded in the hybrid ZP5048C (5.83 t ha-1), i.e. ZP737 (3.36 t ha-1), respectively. The protein content was increased at the highest extent in the kernel of ZP737 hybrid after the application of urea, while oil and starch contents were the highest in the grain of white kernel hybrid ZP552b treated with microbiological fertiliser. Due to the specificities and importance of meteorological conditions, the studies will be continued during the next few seasons. .

Unexpected results in Chernozem soil respiration while measuring the effect of a bio-fertilizer on soil microbial activity

The number of studies investigating the effect of bio-fertilizers is increasing because of their importance in sustainable agriculture and environmental quality. In our experiments, we measured the effect of different fertilizers on soil respiration. In the present study, we were looking for the cause of unexpected changes in CO2 values while examining Chernozem soil samples. We concluded that CO2 oxidizing microbes or methanotrophs may be present in the soil that periodically consume CO2 . This is unusual for a sample taken from the upper layer of well-ventilated Chernozem soil with optimal moisture content.

Unexpected results in Chernozem soil respiration while measuring the effect of a bio-fertilizer on soil microbial activity

The number of studies investigating the effect of bio-fertilizers is increasing because of their importance in sustainable agriculture and environmental quality. In our experiments, we measured the effect of different fertilizers on soil respiration. In the present study, we were looking for the cause of unexpected changes in CO2 values while examining Chernozem soil samples. We concluded that CO2 oxidizing microbes or methanotrophs may be present in the soil that periodically consume CO2 . This is unusual for a sample taken from the upper layer of well-ventilated Chernozem soil with optimal moisture content.

Unexpected results in Chernozem soil respiration while measuring the effect of a bio-fertilizer on soil microbial activity.

The number of studies investigating the effect of bio-fertilizers is increasing because of their importance in sustainable agriculture and environmental quality. In our experiments, we measured the effect of different fertilizers on soil respiration. In the present study, we were looking for the cause of unexpected changes in CO2 values while examining Chernozem soil samples. We concluded that CO2 oxidizing microbes or methanotrophs may be present in the soil that periodically consume CO2 . This is unusual for a sample taken from the upper layer of well-ventilated Chernozem soil with optimal moisture content.