Effects Of Different Fertilizers Research Articles

Effects of different fertilizations on fruit quality, yield and soil fertility in field-grown kiwifruit orchard

Kiwifruit yield and quality and soil nutrients were investigated in a kiwifruit orchard after long-term fertilization to understand the relationship between kiwifruit growth and soil nutrition. Seven fertilization treatments with three replications were applied in a continuous four-year period, including no fertilizer (CK); phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilizers (PK); N and K fertilizers (NK); N and P fertilizers (NP); N, P and K fertilizers (NPK); 1.5 times of N, P and K fertilizers (1.5NPK); and chemical fertilizers plus swine manure (NPKM). Fertilization increased kiwifruit yield at the rate of 450 kg N/hm2, 225 kg P2O5/hm2, 300 kg K2O/hm2. The average yield decreased in a descending order for NPKM (44.6 t/hm2), 1.5NPK (42.6 t/hm2), NPK (42.0 t/hm2), NK (38.0 t/hm2), NP (36.7 t/hm2), PK (36.4 t/hm2) and CK (34.1 t/hm2). The sugar to acid ratio (S:A) was the highest (10.9) in 2012, and the soluble sugar increased by 15.7% after four-year NPKM fertilization. The NPKM fertilization also significantly increased the vitamin C, soluble solid and firmness. The soil organic carbon contents at 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm in depth under the NPKM treatment were 27%, 29% and 139% higher than that of the CK treatment, respectively. The available N contents at 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm in depth in the 1.5NPK treatment were 180%, 114% and 133% higher than that in the CK treatment, respectively. Balanced fertilization with N, P, K and organic manure is important to soil fertility, which may increase yield and improve quality in field-grown kiwifruit orchard. Keywords: different fertilizations, kiwifruit yield, quality, soil fertility DOI: 10.3965/j.ijabe.20171002.2569 Citation: Zhao Z P, Duan M, Yan S, Liu Z F, Wang Q, Fu J, et al. Effects of different fertilizations on fruit quality, yield and soil fertility in field-grown kiwifruit orchard. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2017; 10(2): 162–171.

Model-Based Analysis of the Long-Term Effects of Fertilization Management on Cropland Soil Acidification.

Agricultural soil acidification in China is known to be caused by the over-application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers, but the long-term impacts of different fertilization practices on intensive cropland soil acidification are largely unknown. Here, we further developed the soil acidification model VSD+ for intensive agricultural systems and validated it against observed data from three long-term fertilization experiments in China. The model simulated well the changes in soil pH and base saturation over the last 20 years. The validated model was adopted to quantify the contribution of N and base cation (BC) fluxes to soil acidification. The net NO3- leaching and NO4+input accounted for 80% of the proton production under N application, whereas one-third of acid was produced by BC uptake when N was not applied. The simulated long-term (1990-2050) effects of different fertilizations on soil acidification showed that balanced N application combined with manure application avoids reduction of both soil pH and base saturation, while application of calcium nitrate and liming increases these two soil properties. Reducing NH4+ input and NO3- leaching by optimizing N management and increasing BC inputs by manure application thus already seem to be effective approaches to mitigating soil acidification in intensive cropland systems.

Depth-specific distribution and diversity of nitrite-dependent anaerobic ammonium and methane-oxidizing bacteria in upland-cropping soil under different fertilizer treatments

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) and nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (n-damo) are two nitrogen-cycle processes that have recently received more attention. However, few studies have been performed on the effects of different fertilizations in upland-cropping soil. Therefore, the objective of this work was to assess the effects of different fertilizations on the distribution and diversity of anammox and n-damo bacteria along the profiles of soil during wheat cropping season of the paddy-upland rotation system. In our study, a five-year fertilization (from 2010 to 2015) was conducted on a paddy-upland rotation field, with four fertilizer treatments: an unfertilized control (CK), chemical fertilizer (CF), pig manure plus 50% chemical fertilizer (PMCF), and rice straw plus 100% chemical fertilizer (SRCF). The quantitative PCR results showed that the total abundance of anammox and n-damo bacteria during the wheat cropping season were lower than those reported previously in paddy soils, and the abundance of anammox bacteria decreased with soil depth, but the abundance of n-damo bacteria remarkably increased. Long-term fertilization reduced the abundance of anammox bacteria in the 0–40cm layer and that of n-damo bacteria in the 20–60cm layer. Furthermore, Illumina high-throughput sequencing of the hzsB and pmoA genes was performed, showing that anammox bacteria were affiliated with “Candidatus Brocadia” and n-damo bacteria were related to “Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera.” Diversity analysis demonstrated that the diversity of anammox bacteria increased with soil depth. Among the fertilizer treatments evaluated, pig manure plus 50% chemical fertilizer (PMCF) yielded the highest abundance and lowest diversity of anammox bacteria in the 20–60cm layer. Moreover, fertilization diversified the community structure of anammox bacteria in deep soil. For n-damo bacteria, a higher diversity was found under chemical fertilization than under other treatments. Redundancy analysis showed that the community structure of anammox was mainly related to of total nitrogen and soil organic carbon and that of n-damo bacteria was mainly associated with NO3− content. Overall, soil depth and fertilization patterns influenced the distribution and diversity of anammox and n-damo bacteria by changing the soil properties.

Testing the effects of different fertilizers applied at a single time on the nitrate content and yield of Brassica campestris L.

Testing the effects of different fertilizers applied at a single time on the nitrate content and yield of <i>Brassica campestris</i> L.

Action Research into a Flood Resilient Value Chain – Biochar-based Organic Fertilizer Replaces Chemical Fertilizer with Double Yield of Pea in Udayapur, Nepal

This paper describes the results of an action research project to identify and analyze a flood resilient value chain option for families of migrant workers in flood affected areas in six Village Development Committees (VDCs) in Udayapur district in Nepal. The best option was cultivation of green peas, with crop productivity increased using urine-biochar prepared on farm as an organic fertilizer and soil improver. The paper describes the value chain selection process and comparison of the effects of different fertilizers on vegetable crops. The yield of fresh pea pods from plots treated with urine-biochar plus Farm Yard Manure (FYM) was more than twice that with Nitrogen Phosphorus Potash (NPK) only, and close to three times that with FYM only (farmers' control). The yields of a range of vegetables increased markedly in plots treated with urine-biochar. Analysis of the value chain indicated that farmers would benefit most by marketing to large buyers or direct to supermarkets in the capital through a farmers’ association. Suggestions are made for future actions both country-wide (promotion of biochar-based organic fertilizer as a priority) and locally (strengthening the pea value chain).

Effect of Different Fertilization and Egg De-adhesion Methods on Hatching and Survival of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) Fry

Egg adhesiveness has been a major problem affecting the hatchability of Clarias gariepinus. The removal of egg stickiness will improve aquaculture production through enhanced hatching rates. However, appropriate media for removal of adhesiveness in Catfish eggs is not yet well established. This study therefore, determine the optimum concentration and rinsing time of powdered milk (PM), Urea (UR) and Tannic acid (TA) for removal of adhesiveness of African catfish eggs and their effect on fertility and hatching success. Milt and eggs obtained from African Catfish broodstock of the same lineage were used for induced breeding following standard procedure. Four hundred fertilized eggs each were rinsed in the three different media at varying concentrations and exposure time using dry and wet fertilization methods. Treatment efficacy was assessed by comparing the percentage of non-stick eggs, fertilization, hatching and survival rate in the treatment groups and the control. Data were subjected to multivariate general linear model and Duncan multiple range tests at α0.05. Under the wet fertilization method eggs exposed to 10 g PM at 20 minutes gave the highest number of free eggs (87.50%) while 6g UR at 5 minutes recorded the lowest (27.09%). In dry method, 14 g PM at 20 minutes recorded the highest number of free eggs (90.00%) whereas, the lowest (47.50%) was recorded in 6 g urea at one minute rinsing time. The highest number of hatchlings for PM, UR and TA were 53.26%, 33.24%, and 13.13%, respectively. The survival rate was high in all treatments except in 1.5 g TA. Eggs treated with PM solution performed best in adhesiveness removal and recorded highest percentage fertilization and hatching rate. However, more studies should be conducted to establish the appropriate media for other culture fish species.

不同施肥处理对铁皮石斛生长及产量的影响

为明确不同肥料对铁皮石斛生长及产量的影响，以蚕沙、羊粪、牛粪及菜籽饼等为主要原料开展了铁皮石斛盆栽效果试验。结果表明，与对照(控释化肥)相比，蚕沙有机肥、羊粪菜饼复合有机肥及羊粪牛粪羽毛粉复合有机肥等处理对铁皮石斛新芽萌发、新芽长度均表现出了明显的促进作用,铁皮石斛生物量增加显著。 In order to clarify the effect of different fertilizers on the growth and yield of Dendrobium offici-nale, the pot experiment of Dendrobium officinale was carried out with silkworm excrement, sheep manure, cow dung and rapeseed cake as the main raw materials. The results showed that compared with the control, the organic matter of silkworm excrement, the compound organic fertilizer of rapeseed cake and sheep manure, the compound organic fertilizer of sheep manure, cow dung and feather powder could improve the germination of new buds, the length of shoots, and the biomass of Dendrobium officinale increased significantly.

Long-Term Diverse Fertilizer Management on Weed Species and Communities in Winter Wheat Field

We investigated the effects of different fertilization on weed community composition in long-term cropping experimental plots established 25 years previously in Wuquan, Yangling district, Shaanxi province, north-west China. Our study has focused on the different fertilization systems which would have a significant influence on weed communities in winter wheat field. The field experiments were carried out with seven different fertilization treatments, i.e. no fertilizer or manure input (control, hereafter CK) and various combinations of synthetic nitrogen (N), phosphate (P) and potassium (K) fertilizers, as N, NK, PK, NP and NPK, and dairy manure MNPK. The results revealed the presence of 19 weed species in total, representing 10 families and 19 genera. Higher weed densities and richness indices were observed with treatments receiving no (CK) or unbalanced fertilization (N, NK, PK), whereas lower weed densities and richness indices were found with balanced fertilizer application treatments (NP, NPK and NPK with organic manure). The results also demonstrated that the application of N and P fertilizer had a greater impact on the weed community than the application of K fertilizer.

Effects of bio-organic, conventional and nanofertilizers on growth, yield and quality of potato in cold steppe / Bioorganinių, tradicinių ir nanotrąšų poveikis bulvių augimui, derliui ir kokybei šaltojoje stepėje

Abstract The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important crop in moderate to cold regions, producing high yields of nutritionally valuable food in the form of tubers. In the cold steppe of the North West of Iran, nutrient management is a crucial component for successful potato production. This study was conducted to determine the effect of different fertilizers on growth, phenological development, tuber yield and tuber qualitative characteristics in two potato cultivars (‘Agria’ and ‘Spirit’). Specific objectives were to assess the effects of nanofertilizers on potato. Fertilizer treatments included: T1 - control (no fertilizer application), T2 - N-P-K chemical bulk fertilizer, T3 - MOG enzymatic bio-fertilizer, T4 - nano-chelated calcium, T5 - nano-chelated zinc+boron and T6 - nano-chelated complete fertilizer. The results indicated that application of nano-chelated Zn+B, complete nanofertilizer and chemical bulk N-P-K significantly increased plant height, the number of stems, main stem diameter and the number of leaves, and also accelerated the row closure (canopy closure). Application of nanofertilizer noticeably decreased the number of days to the initiation of tuberization. The evaluation of tuber yield components revealed that the highest numbers of tuber per plant, mean tuber weight, tuber weight per plant and harvest index were obtained by application of complete nanofertilizer. Comparisons of the cultivars indicated that ‘Agria’ was more responsive than ‘Spirit’ to nutrient managements and showed a more acceptable performance. Nutrient managements significantly affected the qualitative characteristics of tuber; so that the highest dry matter, starch and protein content was recorded for plant grown by complete nanofertilizer. The results of the present experiment agreed with the conclusion that balanced plant nutrition through the efficient nanofertilizers can improve potato productivity. Maintaining soil fertility through an adequate, suitable and balanced nutrient supply is one of the key components for increasing potato production under irrigated condition in cold steppe.

Impacts of Fertilization Regimes on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal (AMF) Community Composition Were Correlated with Organic Matter Composition in Maize Rhizosphere Soil.

The understanding of the response of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) community composition to fertilization is of great significance in sustainable agriculture. However, how fertilization influences AMF diversity and composition is not well-established yet. A field experiment located in northeast China in typical black soil (Chernozem) was conducted and high-throughput sequencing approach was used to investigate the effects of different fertilizations on the variation of AMF community in the rhizosphere soil of maize crop. The results showed that AMF diversity in the maize rhizosphere was significantly altered by different fertilization regimes. As revealed by redundancy analysis, the application of organic manure was the most important factor impacting AMF community composition between samples with and without organic manure, followed by N fertilizer and P fertilizer inputs. Moreover, the organic matter composition in the rhizosphere, determined by GC–MS, was significantly altered by the organic manure amendment. Many of the chemical components displayed significant relationships with the AMF community composition according to the Mantel test, among those, 2-ethylnaphthalene explained the highest percentage (54.2%) of the variation. The relative contents of 2-ethylnaphthalene and 2, 6, 10-trimethyltetradecane had a negative correlation with Glomus relative abundance, while the relative content of 3-methylbiphenyl displayed a positive correlation with Rhizophagus. The co-occurrence patterns in treatments with and without organic manure amendment were analyzed, and more hubs were detected in the network of soils with organic manure amendment. Additionally, three operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to Glomerales were identified as hubs in all treatments, indicating these OTUs likely occupied broad ecological niches and were always active for mediating AMF species interaction in the maize rhizosphere. Taken together, impacts of fertilization regimes on AMF community composition were correlated with organic matter composition in maize rhizosphere soil and the application of manure could activate more AMF species to interact with other species in the maize rhizosphere. This knowledge can be valuable in regulating the symbiotic system of plants and AMF, maintaining the health and high yields of crops and providing a primary basis for rational fertilization.

To study the effect of different fertilizer and biofertizer levels on growth and yield of summer greengram

The field experiment was conducted in Factorial Randomized Block Design during summer 2010 at Research Farm, College of Agriculture, Latur (Maharashtra). The treatments were comprised of nine combinations with three fertilizer levels viz., 50 per cent RDF (F 1 ), 75 per cent RDF (F 2 ), 100 per cent RDF (F 3 ), along with seed inoculation of Rhizobium (B 1 ), seed inoculation of PSB (B 2 ) and dual seed inoculation of Rhizobium + PSB (B 3 ). Each experimental unit was replicated thrice with the plot size of 5.4 m × 4.2 m and 4.2 m × 3.6 m as the gross and net plot, respectively. The variety GOLD-9 SHANESHWAR was sown by dibbling method on 28 th January 2010 at spacing of 30 cm × 10 cm. The recommended cultural practices and plant protection measures were undertaken. The recommended dose of fertilizer (25:50:00 kg NPK ha -1 ) was applied at the time of sowing through ammonium sulphate and SSP. The results revealed that application of 100 per cent RDF (F 3 ) and dual seed inoculation of Rhizobium + PSB (B 3 ) recorded significantly higher growth, yield and quality contributing characters followed by application of 75 per cent RDF (F 2 ), 50 per cent RDF (F 1 ) in combination with seed inoculation of PSB (B 2 ) and seed inoculation of Rhizobium (B 1 ). But dual seed inoculation of Rhizobium + PSB (B 3 ) recorded significantly higher growth contributing characters followed by seed inoculation of Rhizobium (B 1 ) and seed inoculation of PSB (B 2 ) except number of pods per plant.

Enhanced phytoremediation of cadmium polluted water through two aquatic plants Veronica anagallis-aquatica and Epilobium laxum

Toxic metal-contaminated water is a major threat to sustainable agriculture and environment. Plants have the natural ability to absorb and concentrate essential elements in its tissues from water solution, and this ability of plants can be exploited to remove heavy/toxic metals from the contaminated water. For this purpose, two plants Veronica anagallis-aquatica and Epilobium laxum were hydroponically studied. The effect of different fertilizers (NPK) and plant growth regulators (GA3 and IAA) were evaluated on growth, biomass, free proline, phenolics, and chlorophyll contents, and their role in Cd phytoaccumulation was investigated. Results showed that in both plants, fertilizer addition to media (treatment T4) produced the highest significant increase in growth, biomass (fresh and dry), cadmium concentration, proline, phenolics, and chlorophyll concentrations. The significant effect of GA3 in combination with NPK foliar spray (treatment T12) was observed on most of the growth parameters, Cd concentration, and proline and phenolic contents of the plants. The free proline and total phenolics showed positive correlation with cadmium concentration within plant tissues. Proline showed significantly positive correlation with phenolic contents of root and shoot. Veronica plant demonstrated the hyperaccumulator potential for cadmium as bioconcentration factor (BCF >1) which was much higher than 1, while Epilobium plant showed non-hyperaccumulator potential. It is recommended for further study to investigate the role of Veronica plant for other metals and to study the role of phenolics and proline contents in heavy metal phytoextraction by various plant species.

Effects of different fertilizers on the abundance and community structure of ammonia oxidizers in a yellow clay soil.

Yellow clay paddy soil (Oxisols) is a typical soil with low productivity in southern China. Nitrification inhibitors and slow release fertilizers have been used to improve nitrogen fertilizer utilization and reduce environmental impaction of the paddy soil. However, their effects on ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in paddy soil have rarely been investigated. In the present work, we compared the influences of several slow release fertilizers and nitrification inhibitors on the community structure and activities of the ammonia oxidizers in yellow clay soil. The abundances and community compositions of AOA and AOB were determined with qPCR, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), and clone library approaches. Our results indicated that the potential nitrification rate (PNR) of the soil was significantly related to the abundances of both AOA and AOB. Nitrogen fertilizer application stimulated the growth of AOA and AOB, and the combinations of nitrapyrin with urea (NPU) and urea-formaldehyde (UF) inhibited the growth of AOA and AOB, respectively. Compared with other treatments, the applications of NPU and UF also led to significant shifts in the community compositions of AOA and AOB, respectively. NPU showed an inhibitory effect on AOA T-RF 166bp that belonged to Nitrosotalea. UF had a negative effect on AOB T-RF 62bp that was assigned to Nitrosospira. These results suggested that NPU inhibited PNR and increased nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) by inhibiting the growth of AOA and altering AOA community. UF showed no effect on NUE but decreased AOB abundance and shifted AOB community.

Effects of different fertilisers on rice resistance to pests and diseases

A field experiment was conducted in Shanghai in 2013, to study the effects of different fertiliser applications on the occurrence of rice pests and diseases. The experiment included four treatments: a non-fertilised control (CK); rapeseed cake manure (CM) at a low (CML) and a high (CMH) rate; and a synthetic chemical fertiliser (CF). No pesticides were applied within the rice-growing season. The rice plants treated with CF grew tallest, and had higher contents of NH4+-N, NO3–-N, chlorophyll and soluble proteins than those in the other fertiliser treatments and CK. However, the incidence of leaf rollers (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis), stem borers (Chilo suppressalis) and planthoppers on the rice plants treated with CF was significantly higher than in the other fertiliser treatments and CK (P &lt; 0.05). In particular, the incidence of stem borers in the plants treated with CF was about 10 times higher than in the other treatments and CK, and the density of planthopper populations on the plants treated with CF was 1.73, 1.42 and 3.04 times that on plants treated with CMH, CML and CK, respectively. The application of fertilisers increased soil microorganisms, and the effects of rapeseed cake manure on the increase in microorganisms were most significant. Numbers of soil bacteria, fungi and Actinomyces were the highest in soils treated with CMH. Application of rapeseed cake manure also significantly raised the activity of soil dehydrogenase. The CF treatment inhibited dehydrogenase activity but raised urease activity significantly. Average theoretical grain yields in treatments CML, CMH, CF and CK were 7.45 × 103, 8.85 × 103, 7.41 × 103 and 3.70 × 103 kg ha–1, respectively. The application of CF stimulated rice vegetative growth more effectively but finally led to lower grain yield due to higher incidence of pests and diseases.

The Effect of Some Fertilizer Treatments, Chemical and Biological Control on The Population Density of Certain Squash Pests and On The Yield Crops

Field experiments were carried out at the Agricultural Research station, Qualiobeya Governorate during two successive seasons (Summer and Nile Plantation) to investigate the effect of different fertilizers on the squash infestation by different piercing sucking pests and on the resultant yield. Moreover the efficacy of four chemical acaricides (Ortus super, Arrow, Killmite and Vertimec) and two predaceous mites {Phytoseiulus persimilis (Athias–Henriot)and Amblyseius gossypii (El-Badry)against phytophagous mites, Tetranych usurticae Koch,and T. cucurbitacearum (Sayed) atQualiobeya Governorate. Results showed that squash yielded by the Mixture treatment (NPK) fertilizer was higher than other fertilizers in the two seasons and the reduction percentage recorded by using Ortus super and killmite approches that of P. persimilis.

Effect of Nutrients on Drug Production and Essential Oil Content of Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis L.)

:Nutrient supply of several medicinal plants is often carried out according to empirical knowledge without proper data on specific requirements. In a recent three years (2009–2011) open field experiment in Budapest, Hungary we examined the effects of different fertilizers on biomass, drug yield and essential oil content of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). In general, effects of the treatments were more pronounced on the results of the second harvest than that of the first one. The treatment with 150 kg/ha N+22 kg/ha P supplemented by 36 kg/ha Mg resulted in 25–27 % higher folium mass compared to both untreated and N+P treated plots. Similarly, supplementary dosages of 36 kg/ha Mg+149 kg/ha K assured by 24 % more folium yield compared to untreated and 10 % more yield compared to N+P fertilized control. In some cases decreased leaf proportion parallel with enhanced yields could be observed. The best fertilization treatments assuring highest yield, tend to produce a slight decrease in essential oil content of the leaves of the second harvest but still an appropriate drug quality due to Ph.Eur.

追肥对白芹吸收积累铅的影响

为研究不同追肥对白芹吸收积累铅的影响及探索白芹铅污染原因及控制技术，本文在白芹核心产地选择三个试验区设置了追肥试验，并对土壤、灌溉水、肥料和白芹产品进行了取样测定。样品测定结果表明，三个试验区都存在白芹样品及灌溉水样品铅含量超标情况，在二个试验区存在土壤样品铅含量超标情况，白芹铅含量超标与灌溉水铅含量高度相关，与土壤铅含量有一定关系，但与肥料中铅含量的关系不明显。白芹铅含量超标的主要来源是灌溉水中的铅，另一个来源可能是土壤中的铅。追肥研究表明，追施磷酸二铵能大幅度降低白芹铅含量，对白芹产量没有显著影响。因此，在白芹生产中，应降低灌溉水的铅浓度或选用更清洁的水源，选用磷酸二铵作为追肥品种。 In order to study the effects of different fertilizations on the accumulation of lead (Pb) in Oenanthe stolonifera D.C., and to investigate the pollution sources of Pb in Oenanthe stolonifera and the pre-venting technologies, three sampling areas were selected in the production region. In the areas, the soils, irrigation water, fertilizers and Oenanthe stolonifera plants were sampled to test Pb concentrations. The results showed that Pb concentrations exceeded the maximum allowable concentrations (MAC, according to the Chinese Standards) in some Oenanthe stolonifera and irri-gation water samples in three areas, and in some soil samples in two areas. Pb accumulations in Oenanthe stolonifera samples were related highly to Pb concentrations of irrigation water samples, and somewhat with Pb concentrations of soil samples, but had no evident relation with Pb con-centrations of the fertilizers. Therefore, the Pb in irrigation water was the main source of Pb pol-lution in Oenanthe stolonifera, and the Pb in soils might be another pollution source. Application of the fertilizer diammonium phosphate reduced Pb concentration of Oenanthe stolonifera greatly, and had no significant influence on the yield of Oenanthe stolonifera. It can be concluded that Pb concentration in the irrigation water should be reduced, in the production of Oenanthe stolonifera, or the cleaner irrigation water ought to be selected. Diammonium phosphate is the suitable ferti-lizer.

黑河下游湿地土壤有机氮组分剖面的分布特征

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 黑河下游湿地土壤有机氮组分剖面的分布特征 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201305191113 作者: 作者单位: 1.四川省土壤环境保护重点实验室2. 四川农业大学资源环境学院,1. 四川省土壤环境保护重点实验室2. 四川农业大学资源环境学院,1. 四川省土壤环境保护重点实验室2. 四川农业大学资源环境学院,1. 四川省土壤环境保护重点实验室2. 四川农业大学资源环境学院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD14B18,NC2010RE0057) Profile distribution characteristics of soil organic nitrogen fractions in the lower reaches of the Heihe River wetland Author: Affiliation: 1 Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Protection of Sichuan Province2 College of Resources and Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University,1 Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Protection of Sichuan Province2 College of Resources and Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University,1 Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Protection of Sichuan Province2 College of Resources and Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University,1 Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Protection of Sichuan Province2 College of Resources and Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:结合野外调查,用Bremner法研究了黑河下游湿地不同土壤类型的有机氮组分,结果表明:在0-50 cm土层,5种土壤有机氮均以酸解性氮为主,占全氮的71.04%-81.79%。泥炭土、沼泽土、草甸土、亚高山草甸土所含的酸解氮、非酸解氮和酸解氮组分氨态氮、氨基酸态氮、氨基糖态氮含量的剖面分布总体上均随土层深度的增加而呈降低趋势,而风沙土却相反,上述有机氮组分呈升高趋势。5种土壤酸解氮及其组分氨态氮、氨基酸态氮、氨基糖态氮占全氮比例的剖面分布总体上均随土层深度的增加而呈降低趋势,而非酸解氮却呈升高趋势。5种土壤酸解未知态氮含量及占全氮比例均在剖面分布上无明显特征。在0-30 cm各相同土层内,5种土壤酸解氮各组分含量及占全氮比例的大小顺序均为氨基酸态氮 > 氨态氮 > 未知态氮 > 氨基糖态氮;而在30-50 cm土层,5种土壤酸解氮各组分含量及占全氮比例的大小顺序均无明显特征。此外,黑河下游湿地土壤干化、沙化过程中,表层0-10 cm土壤有机氮组分含量变化明显,其中土壤氨态氮对生态环境变化最为敏感。 Abstract:Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important element in plant growth and an important part of the global ecosystem substances circulation. Organic N is both the main form of soil N and pool of mineral N. Soil organic N plays an important role in soil fertility, N cycling and environmental protection. Usually, the concentration and distribution of soil organic N mainly affected by soil types, soil level, rhizospheric environment, fertility and farming conditions, etc, and the chemical forms and status of soil organic N is the important factor affecting the availability of soil N. Currently, researchers have focused more on effect of different land use systems on changes of soil organic N fractions, dissolved organic N, particulate organic N and microbial biomass N, as well as effect of different fertilization and irrigation approaches on concentrations and composition of organic N fractions by using the Bremner's method to separate soil organic N fractions. Combined with filed investigation, five types of soil samples in the lower reaches of Heihe river wetland were collected, and the organic N fractions were studied using the Bremner's method, the results showed that acidolysable N was the dominant fraction of organic N in all the soil samples (0-50 cm soil layer), and the proportion of acidolysable N to total N was from 71.04% to 81.79%. The concentrations of acidolysable N, non-acidolysable N and acidolysable N fractions (ammonia N, amino acid N, amino sugar N) of Peat soil, Boggy soil, Meadow soil, Subalpine meadow soil decreased, but increased in the Aeolian sandy soil generally with soil depth in the profile. Furthermore, the proportions of acidolysable N and acidolysable N fractions (ammonia N, amino acid N, amino sugar N) to total N of all the soil samples generally decreased with soil depth in the profile distribution, while the proportion of non-acidolysable N to total N generally increased with soil depth in the profile distribution. The concentration of acidolysable unknown N and the proportion to total N of all the soil samples did not show any specific characteristics. In addition, in the same soil layer (0-30 cm), the concentrations of acidolysable N fractions and the proportions to total N varied as the followings: amino acid N > ammonia N > unknown N > amino sugar N; However, in 30-50 cm soil layer, the concentrations of acidolysable N fractions and the proportions to total N of the soil did not show any typic characteristics. Besides, the soil organic N fractions in the surface soil (0-10 cm) changed obviously along with the soil desiccation and desertification in the lower reaches of the Heihe River wetland, and the soil ammonia N of soil was the most sensitive one to the ecological environment factors. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Uticaj preparata ishrane na sadržaj fotosintetičkih pigmenata juvenilnih sadnica crnog oraha (Juglans nigra L.)

The paper presents the results of the effect of different fertilizers on concentration of photosynthetic pigments in leaves of juvenile seedlings of Eastern black walnut (Juglans nigra L.). The seedlings were produced in 2014 in the seedling nursery of Institute of forestry in Belgrade. The trial was set up in a random block system with three types of fertilizers and a control in three replications. Three types of pigments have been examined: chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids. The leaf sampling was carried out in the beginning of June 2014. The highest concentration of photosynthetic pigments was found in the leaves of seedlings treated with the preparation Osmocote® Exact Standard 5-6 M and the lowest in the seedlings which were not treated. The highest mean value had chlorophyll a (0.522mg/g) in treatment with Osmocote® Exact Standard 5-6 M and the lowest mean value had chlorophyll b (0.213mg/g) in the control sample. The results showed that the concentration of photosynthetic pigments in leaves of Eastern black walnut juvenile seedlings varied depending on the fertilizer that was applied. Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that the proper fertilizer can increase the concentration of photosynthetic pigments in leaves and therefore the intensity of photosynthesis which contributes to increasing the biomass production.

Impact of different types of fertilizers to reduce the population density of the sap sucking pests to bean plants

The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The aim of the work is to investigate the effect of different fertilizers on the rates of beans infestation by different piercing sucking pests Tetranychus urticae, T. cucurbitacearum, Bemisia tabaci and Thrips tabaci and on the resulting crop yield. The fertilizer treatments are Ammonium sulfate, Calcium super phosphate, Potassium sulfate, a mixture of NPK and Micro-elements (Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu, Bo & Mo). Results showed that means of green pods yielded by NPK fertilizer was significantly higher than other fertilizers in the two seasons