Effects Of Different Amendments Research Articles

Soil organic carbon, carbon fractions, and microbial community under various organic amendments

The impact of various organic amendments on soil organic carbon (SOC) have rarely been reported. To address this, a laboratory experiment was designed to scrutinize the effects of different amendments on soil carbon fractions, microbial communities, and the underlying interactive mechanisms. The experiment encompassed a no-amendment control (CK), as well as treatments with corn straw (CS), tobacco stalks (TS), and peanut shell biochar (PB). Over a 70-day incubation, the SOC in plots amended with CS, TS, and PB displayed significant boosts of 13.9%, 17.5%, and 44.8%, respectively, compared to the CK. For soil carbon fractions, amendments with PB, TS, and CS led to a dramatic rise in particulate organic carbon (POC) of 27.4%, 20.2%, and 105.7%, respectively, in contrast to the CK plots. Mantel analysis and structural Equation Modeling uncovered strong interrelationships among the cbbL, cbbM, Bacteroidota, TOC, and POC. Organic amendments enhance soil carbon fractions, modulating the microbial community by increasing Bacteroidetes abundance and suppressing Acidobacteria richness, thereby influencing the abundance of key carbon cycle genes such as cbbL and cbbM. These results suggest that the addition of peanut shell biochar significantly boosted TOC and key carbon fractions, enhancing carbon content and soil fertility.

Improvement effect of different amendments on soil fertility status of saline alkali soil in Hexi Irrigation Area

Improvement effect of different amendments on soil fertility status of saline alkali soil in Hexi Irrigation Area

Ameliorating saline‐sodic soils: A global meta‐analysis of field studies on the influence of exogenous amendments on crop yield

AbstractAs the demand for food continues to rise, soil salinization and sodification pose an increasingly pressing challenge. Currently, there is a knowledge gap regarding how to effectively improve saline‐sodic soils to support sustainable agricultural production, especially the lack of systematic analysis on the effects of different amendments at a global scale. To address this gap, this study aims to explore the feasibility of using exogenous amendments to ameliorate saline‐sodic soils, conducting a global‐scale meta‐analysis based on 685 data pairs from 70 published studies. Our results showed that applying amendments to saline‐sodic soils significantly reduced electrical conductivity of saturated paste extract (ECe) by 33.0% and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) by 44.6%, while simultaneously increasing crop yield by 50.7%. Heterogeneity analysis further unveiled significant variations (p < 0.05) in the overall effect size, driven by factors such as initial soil properties (salinity and ESP levels), amendment type, climate and practical management conditions (application dose and experimental duration). The categorical variable analysis showed that, compared to soils with other salinization levels, the application of amendments in severe salinization soils was most effective in reducing soil ECe and enhancing crop yield. Considering the goals of mitigating soil salinity, sodicity, and increasing crop yield, the study suggests the application of mixed‐type amendments in practical settings. It is noteworthy that while extremely high doses (greater than 40 t ha−1) effectively increased crop yield, they also posed a risk of salt accumulation. In conclusion, this research offers critical insights for sustainable agriculture, guiding future work on soil health and food security in the context of global environmental challenges.

Ameliorative Effect of Different Amendments on Nutrients Availability in Sodic Soils

A pot house experiment was conducted at the Net House, Regional Research Station, AAU, Anand during rabi season of 2018-19 on Wheat (GW-496) as a indicator crop. Total four amendments i.e. A0(control), A1(Gypsum @ 50% GR), A2(Vermi-compost @ 4.0 t ha-1) and A3 (sulphur @ 50 kg ha-1) and six soils type (S1 to S6) were selected under Factorial CRD. Pot study results indicated that the soil amendments significantly decreased the pH, EC and ESP of sodic soils. The order of decrease in pH of sodic soils from 8.75 to 7.89 by application of amendments remained as: vermin-compost > sulphur > gypsum. The EC of sodic soils significantly decreased due to application of vermin-compost and gypsum by 20.48% and 10.84%, respectively over control. The application of vermin-compost, gypsum and sulphur significantly lowered down Exchangeable Sodium Percentage (ESP) from 18.45 to 12.44, 13.00 and 13.57, respectively, and the effect of gypsum was found at par with sulphur in decreasing soil ESP. Application of vermin-compost (4.0 t ha-1) significantly influenced CEC (28.28 Cmol (P+) kg-1) over control (no amendment). Irrespective of amendments, soil S5 recorded the highest pH (8.39), EC (0.92 dSm-1), ESP (16.48) and the lowest was in soil S6 (pH 7.99, EC 0.64 dSm-1). The interaction of soil x amendment treatments showed significant effects on pH, EC and ESP of sodic soils. The application of amendments showed significant effect on available nutrients in soil after harvest of wheat and the highest OC (0.73%), available P2O5 (65.71 kg ha-1), available K2O (207.1 kg ha-1) content in soil was recorded when vermin-compost applied at 4.0 t ha-1 followed by sulphur at 50 kg ha-1 and gypsum at 50% GR but available S (16.33 mg kg-1) was recorded the highest due to sulphur application at 50 kg ha-1 followed by gypsum and vermi-compost.

Biostimulation effect of different amendments on Cr(VI) recovering microbial community

The present study used Cr(VI)-polluted microcosms amended with lactate or yeast extract, and nonamended microcosms as control, to investigate how a native bacterial community varied in response to the treatment and during the pollutant removal. Results suggested that providing electron donors resulted in a proliferation of a few bacterial species, with the consequent decrease in observed species richness and evenness, and was a driving force for the bacterial compositional shift. Lactate promoted, in the first instance, the enrichment of fermentative bacteria belonging to Chromobacteriaceae, including Paludibacterium, and Micrococcaceae as observed after 4 days. When the rate of Cr(VI) removal was maximum in microcosms amended with lactate, the most represented taxa were Pseudarcicella and Azospirillum. Using yeast extract as a carbon source and electron donor led instead to the significant enrichment of Shewanella, followed by Vogesella and Acinetobacter on the 4th day, corresponding to 90% of Cr(VI) removed from the system. After the complete Cr(VI) removal, achieved in 7 days in the presence of yeast extract, α-diversity was notably increased. The amendment-specific turnover of the enriched bacterial taxa resulted in a different kinetic of pollutant removal. In particular, yeast extract promoted the quickest Cr(VI) reduction, while lactate supported a slower, but also considerable, pollutant removal from water. Since it is reasonable to assume that a macroscopic effect, such as the observed Cr(VI) removal, involved the overrepresented taxa, deepening the knowledge of the native bacterial community and its changes were used to hypothesize the possible microbial pathways involved.

Improving the Chemical Properties of Acid Sulphate Soils from the Casamance River Basin

The anoxic conditions produced after the reflooding of acid sulphate soil (ASS) can reduce sulphate and/or Fe(III) with a consequent rise in pH. This study aimed to compare the effect of different amendments on ASS remediation and to analyse the effect on soil pH and exchangeable aluminium. Two mid-term incubation experiments were carried out to analyse the effect of amendments and water management on ASS. Soil samples were taken in the Santak Valley from four agricultural plots. During the first experiment, each soil sample was subject to two water management systems (flooded and non-flooded) and three amendment types (rice straw, manure, and lime). During the second experiment, the flooded condition was performed with three organic amendments (rice straw, manure, and biochar). In the first experiment, the amendments with organic matter (rice straw, and manure) increased the pH more under the flooded conditions, and manure was effective in reducing exchangeable aluminium (Alex) to 45% in the control soil. In the second experiment, all the organic amendments reduced soluble Al, but whereas straw increased soluble Fe, biochar diminished it. The amendment addition increased the soil pH and reduced Alex. The Alex reduction was greater for the stabler organic amendments: manure and biochar.

The release of Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn from clay loam and sandy loam soils under the influence of various organic amendments and low-molecular-weight organic acids

Low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) interact with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and affect their mobility; however, the effect of different amendments on PTEs release from soils when added along with LMWOAs is still unclear. In this study, two soils (a clay loam and a sandy loam) amended with sugar beet bagasse ash (SBBA), poultry manure (PM), sewage sludge (SS) from Kermanshah city (SSK), and SS from Toyserkan city (SST) at a rate of 5 %. In these treatments we studied release of Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn with citric, oxalic, and malic acids added at 10 different rates each, i.e., 0.1, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 30, 40, 50, 70, and 100 mmol L−1. We found that the percentage of PTEs release was higher for citric, followed by oxalic and malic acids. The highest amount of PTEs released in both soils decreased in the following order: SST > SBBA > SSK > PM. The percentage of PTEs complexed with LMWOAs and the log activity of PTEs species mostly increased with decreasing pH. It could be concluded that the application of PM is more environmentally friendly than that of the other amendments. Since Cd had the highest percentage of release in all treated soils and LMWOAs, more consideration should be given to Cd to prevent environmental pollution.

Effect of different soil amendments on irrigation and crop yields in the oases of southern Tunisia

In the oasis agro-system, salinization and hydromorphy are the principal degradation factors that negatively affect the soils. These two processes are the result of the rise of the water table caused by the overdose of irrigations. To counteract soil degradation and restore field productivity, the oasis farmers turn to use sandy and manure amendments. Therefore, three treatments (Control (C), sandy amendment (T1) and combined amendments composed by sand and manure (T2)) has been applied in Nefzaoua oasis to evaluate the effect of different amendments on oasis soil fertility, irrigation parameters, and barley yield. Results showed that T2 enhanced yield parameter (3,07 t/ha) compared to control treatment (1.85 t / ha) thanks to the improvement in the total nitrogen concentration (1.38 g kg -1), soil organic carbon (28.74 g kg- 1) and therefore C / N ratio (20.78) for T2 treatment at the level of the 0-20 cm layer. The results revealed that sand + manure combination (T2) enhanced the irrigation dose that can be effectively applied for the barley plants (19.61 mm) compared to the control treatment (15.49 mm) and T1 treatment (12.26 mm). In addition, the combined treatment T2 declined significantly the oasis soil bulk density leading to rise the porosity of the top layers (0-20 cm). Our results obtained confirmed the effectiveness of the combined amendment composed of sand and manure in improving the fertility and productivity of the amended oasis soil. Keywords: Soil amendments, irrigation, agro-system, soil degradation

Effects of different amendments on aggregate stability and microbial communities of coastal saline–alkali soil in the Yellow River Delta

AbstractOrganic amendments have been widely used in coastal saline–alkali soil remediation; however, the mechanisms involved and the interactions between organic and inorganic amendments are still unclear. In this work, furfural residue (particulate; C/N ratio: 51.87; O‐alkyl C + di‐O‐alkyl C: 42.35%, aromatic C: 40.89%) and black liquor (dissolved; C/N ratio: 3.11; O‐alkyl C + di‐O‐alkyl C: 32.20%, aromatic C: 28.32%) were tested to examine their effects on chemical properties, water‐stable aggregate fractions, chemical compositions of solid‐state soil organic matter (SOM), gloaming‐related soil protein contents, and microbial communities of coastal saline–alkali soil under a 400‐day incubation experiment. Furthermore, organic amendments mixed with mineral amendment (4:1) were employed to explore the interactions between organic and inorganic amendments. Furfural residue had stronger and longer effects on soil macroaggregate stability (~240 days, intense) than black liquor (~15 days, weak), and mineral amendment addition had a positive effect on the stability of microaggregates. Our results revealed that qualities (primary form, C/N ratio, and chemical composition) of organic amendment which can change microbial communities by increasing soil C/N ratio and effective chemical compositions of solid‐state SOM, are the key factors in promoting the rapid formation and longer stability of coastal saline–alkali soil aggregates. Moreover, inorganic amendment addition can further improve the formation and stability of microaggregates rather than those of macroaggregates. This study provided a much‐needed technical basis for remediation of coastal saline–alkali soil.

Effects of application of rice husk biochar and limestone on cadmium accumulation in wheat under glasshouse and field conditions

Cadmium (Cd) has seriously threatened the safe production of food crops. Passivator amendments are commonly used to control the soil Cd availability. Yet, few studies are tested to explore the effect of the combination of various amendments. Here, we investigated the effects of different amendments (2% rice husk biochar, 2% limestone, and 1% rice husk biochar + 1% limestone) on the growth and Cd accumulation of wheat in pot and field experiments. The results showed that under the low soil Cd condition, the maximum increase of soil pH (1.83) was found in the limestone treatment compared to CK in pot experiment. Compared with the CK, the treatment of rice husk biochar decreased soil Cd availability and grain Cd content by about 25% and 31.2%, respectively. In contrast, under high soil Cd condition, the highest soil pH was observed in limestone, while the lowest soil Cd availability and grain Cd concentrations were found in rice husk biochar treatment. In the field experiment, the treatment of 1% rice husk biochar + 1% limestone caused a significant increase of soil pH by about 28.2%, whereas the treatment of 2% rice husk biochar reduced soil Cd availability and grain Cd content by about 38.9% and 38.5% compared to the CK. Therefore, rice husk biochar showed great potential to reduce Cd availability and ensure safe food production.

Effect of Different Amendments and Inorganic Nutrient Management Approaches in Correcting Sodicity under Paddy Eco System

Agricultural production in sodic soil may be hindered by its unfavorable physicochemical properties. In order to find effective measure to improve the health of sodic soil and make it to favourable for crop production, a field experiment was conducted at ZARS VC Farm Mandya to study the effect of different amendments on properties of sodic soil. The experiment was laid under split plot design with inorganic nutrient management viz., RDF, SSNM and STCR as main treatments and amendments such as press mud, gypsum and Mangala setright, (a commercial soil conditioner containing 15% calcium and 3% magnesium and 5% sulphur) as sub treatments. Results of experiment revealed that application of gypsum significantly reduced pH to 8.5 from 8.96 of initial soil which was on par with application of setright at 600kg/ha (8.68) and press mud (8.69). Whereas exchangeable sodium and ESP was reduced significantly due to application of setright at 400 kg/ha (1.78 cmol/kg and 6.52 respectively) and pressmud at 100% GR (1.85 cmol/kg and 7.03) compared to control (3.69 cmol/kg and 13.72 respectively) and initial soil. Thus application of Mangala Setright at 400kg/ha or pressmud at 100% GR are more beneficial in rectifying sodicity of soil.

Multi-site field trials demonstrate the effectiveness of silicon fertilizer on suppressing dimethylarsenate accumulation and mitigating straighthead disease in rice

Rice accumulates both inorganic arsenic (iAs) and organic As species such as dimethylarsenate (DMA). Although DMA is less toxic to humans, it has been shown in hydroponic studies to induce rice straighthead disease, a physiological disorder prevalent in some rice growing regions causing large yield losses. We investigated the effects of different amendments on As species dynamics in soil porewater, accumulation of As species in rice husks and grains, and the incidence of straighthead disease in five field experiments conducted over 2 years at three sites where straighthead disease was observed in previous seasons. The amendments included silicon (Si) fertilizer, micronized zero valent iron (μZVI), sulfate, nitrate, Si-rich biochar, and a mixture of trace and major elements. Straighthead disease was observed in all five experiments. Rice panicles showing the straighthead disease symptoms contained much higher DMA concentrations in husks and grains than normal panicles. Silicon fertilizer was highly effective at decreasing the disease incidence rate and increasing seed setting rate, resulting in 14.9–58.1% increase in grain yield. Silicon fertilizer increased soil porewater iAs and DMA concentrations, but decreased iAs and DMA accumulation in husks and grains, suggesting that Si suppressed the uptake of iAs and DMA by rice plants. Other amendments alleviated straighthead disease to smaller extents than Si fertilizer, with the effect of biochar and the mixture of trace and major elements likely also being attributed to the addition of Si. Results from this field-based study demonstrate that excessive accumulation of DMA is the main cause of rice straighthead disease and Si fertilizer is highly effective at mitigating this disease by suppressing DMA accumulation.

Effects of different amendments on the quality of burnt eucalypt forest soils – A strategy for ecosystem rehabilitation

The magnitude of forest fires’ impacts on the environment is directly related to the changes induced on soil physical, chemical and biological properties. Using available organic resources to rehabilitate burnt forest soils can help reduce post-fire soil fertility loss, accelerating ecosystem recovery. In the present study, the potential of four soil amendments: a mycotechnosol, a eucalypt residue mulch, dredged sediments from a freshwater lagoon and an organic-mineral biofertilizer, to improve the quality of burnt forest soils in terms of organic matter, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents, was evaluated. Two experiments were set-up, one in a recently burnt eucalypt plantation and another in the laboratory using soils from the same area, to assess the effects of the amendments on soil quality, with both experiments lasting for 7 months. The effects of the amendments on nutrient leaching along the soil profile were also evaluated in the laboratory, to investigate possible negative impacts on groundwater and surface water quality. All amendments increased the organic matter and nutrient contents of burnt soils, confirming their potential for ecosystem rehabilitation. The biofertilizer, however, was found to promote nutrient losses by leaching, largely owing to its high solubility, increasing the risk of contamination of ground and surface waters. Using available organic resources to rehabilitate burnt forests as was done in the present work complies with the idea of a circular economy, being key for the sustainability of forest ecosystems.

Responses of Cd Accumulation in Rice and Spectral Characteristics of Soil Dissolved Organic Matter Regulated by Soil Amendments

Studying the chemical composition and characteristic differences of soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) is significant for understanding the mechanism of Cd immobilization by soil amendments. Soil amendments have been widely applied to contaminated farmlands to reduce the accumulation of heavy metals in crops, but the spectral characteristics of DOM in soils under amendment regulation have rarely been studied. Typical Cd-contaminated paddy soil from South China was collected, three categories of amendments (organic-based, inorganic-based, and lime-based, a total of 11 types) were applied, rice planting pot trials were done, and the effects of different amendments on soil DOM were investigated. The spectral characteristics of rhizosphere soil DOM under the regulation of different amendments were comparatively analyzed using UV-Vis spectroscopy, 3D fluorescence spectroscopy, and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). The results showed that the lime-based amendments increased the soil pH and promoted the dissolution of organic matter from the soil solid phase, resulting in a significant increase in soil DOM content. Compared with that of the control, organic-based amendments increased the relative molecular weight and recent autochthonous origin contribution of soil DOM, inorganic-based amendments increased the aromatic content and hydrophobic components of soil DOM, and lime-based amendments increased the chromogenic components and the degree of humification of soil DOM. Four fluorescence components, C1 (255/465), C2 (325/400), C3 (275/390), and C4 (240/460), were identified using PARAFAC and verified with the OpenFluor database, all of which were humic-like. Two types of spectra corroborated with each other, indicating that soil DOM dominated by humus-like matter originated from terrestrial source input. The correlation analysis showed that the fluorescent component C4 of soil DOM could be used to predict Cd accumulation in brown rice in the red limestone soil-rice system. These results will provide a reference for the selection of the appropriate soil amendments.

The Synergetic Effect of Soil Amendments on Reducing Bioavailable Heavy Metals and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Upland Soil

Heavy metal pollution and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from soil are two major detrimental sources in the agriculture environment because of concerns about crop safety and global warming. Applying amendments on site is a common technique used for heavy metal remediation and the reduction in GHG emissions. This study aims to evaluate the effect of different amendments on the reduction in both bioavailable heavy metals and GHG emissions from soil. Four different amendments, namely bottom ash (BA), sintered material (SM), sintered material combined with lime (SM + L), and FeO (SM + FeO) were applied to upland fields, followed by maize (Zea mays L.) cultivation from April to October. Subsequently, SM + FeO treatment demonstrated the highest bioavailability reduction efficiency for As at 79.1%, and SM + L treatment had a high efficiency for the reduction in Cd and Pb by 64.6% and 41.4%, respectively. SM + FeO treatment also reduced bioaccumulated As and Pb in maize grain by 59.3% and 66.2%, respectively. Furthermore, SM + FeO treatment demonstrated the highest reduction efficiency for cumulative N2O emissions by 70.7%, compared to the control soil. Among the four different amendments, the efficiency of heavy metal and GHG emission reduction was in the following order: SM + FeO > SM + L > SM > BA. Overall, SM combined with FeO is a promising amendment for reducing and managing both heavy metal pollution and GHG emissions in soil.

Effects of Different Amendments on Cadmium Accumulation in Rice Safety in Cadmium-Contaminated Farmland Under Two Flooding Treatments

Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in rice has become a serious public concern; thus, it is important to find an effective approach to reducing Cd accumulation in rice grains to ensure food safety. To investigate the effects of different amendments on Cd accumulation in rice in Cd-contaminated farmland under different flooding treatments, a field experiment with three amendments (jade powder, biochar, and fly ash) and two flooding treatments (intermittent flooding and flooding throughout the whole growth period) was conducted. The results showed that:① without amendment application, the soil pH significantly increased, whereas the soil available Cd concentration decreased by 3.81%-17.27% and 2.25%-6.74% with the treatments of flooding throughout the whole growth period and intermittent flooding, respectively. Additionally, the immobilizing efficiency of the treatment of flooding throughout the whole growth period was better than that of intermittent flooding; ② under different flooding treatments, amendment application improved soil pH, resulting in a decrease in the soil available Cd concentration along with an increase in the residual Cd concentration. Under the treatment of intermittent flooding, the soil pH increased by 0.19-2.20 units, and the soil available Cd concentration and Cd concentration in rice grains decreased by 4.72%-22.68% and 2.60%-75.75%, respectively, with the application of different amendments. Under the treatment of flooding throughout the whole growth period, the application of different amendments decreased the soil available Cd concentration and Cd concentration in rice grains by 5.06%-36.63% and 13.28%-77.01%, respectively. The immobilizing efficiency in both flooding treatments was jade powder > biochar > fly ash. ③ Under different flooding treatments, the application of amendments significantly reduced the soil available Cd concentration and Cd concentration in rice grains. Among the three amendments, jade powder showed the best capacity of immobilizing efficiency with the treatment of flooding throughout the whole growth period; the soil Cd reduction rates were 36.63% and 25.16%, and the Cd concentrations in rice grains were 0.058 and 0.170 mg·kg-1 in 2019 and 2020, respectively. The Cd concentrations in rice grains were within the limitation of the National Food Hygienic Standard of China. Therefore, combining flooding throughout the whole growth period with jade powder can be considered as an ideal strategy for ensuring rice safety in Cd-contaminated farmland.

不同改良剂对黄土高原丘陵区山地果园土壤质量的影响

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 不同改良剂对黄土高原丘陵区山地果园土壤质量的影响 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202106091529 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD1900700）；国家自然科学基金项目（42125705）；唐仲英基金会项目；陕西省重点研发计划项目（2020ZDLNY07-04） Effect evaluation of soil amendments on soil quantity of mountain apple orchards in the hilly region of Loess Plateau, China Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:土壤质量是影响黄土高原丘陵区山地果园健康可持续发展的关键因素之一。针对黄土高原目前存在的土壤保水能力差，肥力低及微生物群落结构单一等问题，选取保水剂、生物炭和植物根际促生菌三种改良剂，研究其对土壤质量的影响。研究设置5个处理，分别为：生物炭处理(BC)，施用量为5%；枯草芽孢杆菌处理(PGBS)，施用量为0.25%；胶质芽孢杆菌处理(PGBM)，施用量为0.25%；腐殖酸型保水剂处理(SAP)，施用量为0.1%，不施用土壤改良剂作为对照(CK)。通过主成分分析法和最小数据集法筛选出相关指标，分别与对照处理(CK)进行对比，并进行综合评价。结果表明：土壤全氮、速效磷、β-1，4-葡萄糖苷酶、真菌Chao1指数、纤维素酶和细菌Chao1指数对土壤质量的影响较大；同时土壤改良剂的施用可以明显提高果园土壤质量。通过综合评价，发现不同改良剂改善土壤质量效果为：生物炭(BC)>保水剂(SAP)>枯草芽孢杆菌(PGBS)>胶质芽孢杆菌(PGBM)。综合考虑土壤质量和改良成本，保水剂在黄土高原山地果园土壤改良方面的适用性最好，若农林废弃物可资源化则生物炭在黄土高原土壤改良方面具有很大的应用潜力。 Abstract:Soil quality is the main bottleneck restricting the healthy and sustainable development of mountain orchards in the hilly region of Loess Plateau. In order to solve the problems of poor soil water holding capacity, low fertility and single microbial community structure in the Loess Plateau, three amendments were selected and five treatments were set up in this study:biochar application rate was at 5% of soil weight (BC), bacillus subtilis application rate was at 0.25% of soil weight (PGBS), bacillus glia application rate was at 0.25% of soil weight (PGBM), humic acid water retaining agent application rate was at 0.1% of soil weight (SAP), and not application any amendment as a control (CK). The relevant indexes were selected by principal component analysis (PCA) and minimum data set (MDS) to comprehensively evaluate soil quality. The results showed that soil total nitrogen, available phosphorus, β-1,4-glucosidase, fungal Chao1 index, cellulase and bacterial Chao1 index had a significant effect on soil quality, and application of soil amendments could significantly improve the soil quality in apple orchards. The improvement effects of different amendments on soil quality as follows:BC > SAP> PGBS > PGBM through a comprehensive evaluation. Considering soil quality and cost, water retaining agent is more suitable for soil quality improvement in mountain apple orchards in the hilly region of Loess Plateau. Biochar has great application potential in soil amendment, if agricultural and forestry wastes can be recycled. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Effects of Amendments on Physicochemical Properties and Respiration Rate of Soil from the Arid Region of Northwest China

In arid regions, decreased soil fertility has adversely affected agricultural sustainability. The effects of different amendments in alleviating these issues and increasing soil fertility remain unclear. Herein, a two-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the properties of grey desert soil and soil respiration (SR) dynamics under six different treatment groups: biochar (BC), leonardite (LD), anionic polyacrylamide (PAM−), cationic polyacrylamide (PAM+) powder, anionic polyacrylamide solution in water (PAM−W), and control (CK). We observed that the BC and LD amendments significantly altered soil pH, organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, cation exchange capacity, and SR. PAM amendment increased the SR as compared to the control, except in autumn, but PAM did not affect the soil properties. SR under different amendments showed strong seasonal patterns, the highest and lowest SR rates were observed in June and January, respectively. Amendments and seasonal dynamics significantly affected SR, but no interaction was observed between these factors. Temporal variation of SR was substantially influenced by soil temperature at 15 cm of soil depth. Temperature sensitivity of SR (Q10) increased with soil depth and decreased with amendment addition. SR was significantly affected by soil temperature, moisture, air temperature, and their interactions. The outcomes of this study suggested that the BC and LD amendments improved soil fertility and negated the net carbon accumulation by increasing the SR and Q10 in arid agriculture soil.

AMELIORATION OF SALT AFFECTED SOILS AND ITS PRODUCTIVITY USING SOIL AMENDMENTS AND TILLAGE SYSTEM

Ameliorating the of salt affected soils, represent an important target in the agricultural security program of Egypt. In this concern a field experiment was conducted at El-Rowad Village, South of El-Hosainiya Plain, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, during two successive growing winter seasons 2016/ 2017 and 2017/2018 to evaluate the effect of different amendments with different two tillage systems on some properties of salt affected soils and its wheat production (Triticum aestivum) (Sakha 93). The experimental design was laid out in split- split plot with three replicates. The amendments were uniformly spread on soil surface and thoroughly mixed in the soil before sowing. This experiment was also carried under two tillage systems conservational and deep. The most important results can be summarized as follows: The effect of the conservational tillage and deep tillage with the addition amendment treatments, reduced bulk density, penetration resistances, decreased acidity, salinity and exchangeable sodium percent (ESP). On the contrary, increase the values of total porosity, hydraulic conductivity, organic matter, Grain yield, straw, total and harvest index. The achieved amelioration in physio-chemical and hydrological properties of the studied soil positively reflected on the increases of grain yields of crop wheat. Generally, it can be concluded that deep tillage, fine sawdust had decreased the hazardous effect of salinity of soil and hence exerted favorable effects on growth and yield of wheat. Finally, the obtained results suggest that this work is considered as scientific and logic fundamental base for a successful agricultural development of such salt affected area as well as possible to increase unite area income

Effects of different amendments on Lead and Cadmium in contaminated farmland soils around lead-zinc mines

In order to provided a theoretical reference for the passive remediation of the farmland contaminated by cadmium and lead, eighteen different materials include lime kind agent, phosphate, iron oxide and clay minerals were used as the soil heavy metal passivators. Results showed that adding the passivators Ca(OH)2, sodium pyrophosphate, CaHPO4 could significantly decrease the available cadmium in soils, and the optimal concentrations were 2%, 1% and 2%, respectively. The passivators FeCl3, NaH2PO4 and CaHPO4 could significantly decrease the available lead in soils, and the optimal concentrations were 3%, 2% and 2%, respectively.