Effect Of Cement Dust Research Articles

Effect of Cement Dust on Soil Chemical Properties in the Vicinity of a Cement Factory, Ramnagar Chandauli, India

Effect of Cement Dust on Soil Chemical Properties in the Vicinity of a Cement Factory, Ramnagar Chandauli, India

Effects of Exposure to Cement Dust on lung function among Cement Factory Workers

Background: Cement industries are playing a key role in economic growth and infrastructure development. But its production is a dusty process and is a major source of air pollution. Its exposure may affect respiratory system and impairment of pulmonary functions. Objective: This study was aimed to assess the effects of cement dust on pulmonary functions of workers working in cement factory. Methods: This case control study was conducted in the department of physiology, Chittagong Medical College, Chattogram in collaboration with Heidelberg Cement Bangladesh Ltd. in Chattogram from January 2018 to December 2018. A total of 88 male workers, aged between 20-45 years were included in this study by consecutive sampling method who met the inclusion criteria. Workers working at least two years in direct contact of cement dust were considered as exposed (case) group. Non exposed (control) group were selected from office workers of same factory those who were not directly exposed to cement. Each group included 44 subjects. A predesigned data collection form containing information regarding general information, job history, present and past disease, drug history was filled up. Individual’s height, weight was measured and BMI was calculated. FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC (%) was recorded by a digital spirometer (Chestgraph HI-101, Japan) in upright sitting posture. After compiling data,statistical analyses were done by using SPSS version Windows 25. Unpaired student’s ‘t’ test was done for statistical analysis. Results: Exposed (case) group showed significant reduction of FVC and FEV1 (p<0.001)with unaltered FEV1/ FVC (%) (p>0.05) in comparison to non exposed (control) group. Conclusion: The results of this study concluded that occupational exposure to cement dust reduce pulmonary functions of cement workers. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(2): 199-204

Impact of Cement Dust on Physical and Chemical Nutrients Properties of Forest Topsoil

: The study examined the impact of Cement dust on physical and chemical nutrients properties of forest topsoil in close proximity to a major private cement industry in Obajana, Kogi State, Nigeria using standard methods by collecting Topsoil samples for physical and chemical properties analyses which are particle size, moisture content, pH, carbon, nitrogen,phosphorus, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, cation exchange capacity and organic matter.Data revealed a strong influence of the particulate pollutants on the forest topsoil in close proximity to the Cement factory. It was observed that the soil properties; moisture content and soil pH varied at distances away from the factory. The result showed that the Cement dust particles entering the soil increased the pH of the soil, it more alkaline. The highest pH (6.03) was observed from hundred and fifty meters sample indicating the highest particulate pollution. There were also variations in the other soil nutrient properties; carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, cation exchange capacity and organic matter arising from the effect of cement dust. High organic matter content was recorded in the location samples compared with the control sample. This is attributed to the addition of cement dust to the soils, resulting in improved organic-matter cycling and plant growth. The result also showed that the chemical properties; organic carbon (OC), organic matter (OM), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sodium (Na), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) are significantly higher in the study areas than the control. The study therefore concludes that the emission of cement dust on the forest stands over the years was found to have significantly affected the topsoil properties.

Impact of cement industries dust on soil properties in Bhatapara,Chhattisgarh

The present investigation was carried around cement industries at Bhatapara during 2017-18, to study the different soil properties as affected by the dust of cement Industries in Bhatapara Chhattisgarh. Two hundred fifty six composite soil samples were taken from around the cement industries i.e., from eight radiant wind directions viz., North, South, East, West, Northeast, Northwest, Southeast and Southwest in clockwise manner at the distances 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 km from the surface (0-15 cm) and sub-surface (15-30 cm) soil depths. Statistical analysis was done in 3-factors factorial designed experiment using CRD and the effect of cement dust on soil properties were also correlated with wind directions (X1), distances(X2) and soil depths (X3). Thephysico-properties of soils showed a significant increase in sand and silt in south-west and west wind directions. Significant increase in clay content was also observed in west and south-wind direction. An increase in pH, electrical conductivity and calcium carbonate content in soil (0-15 cm) soil up to 0.5 km distance in the southwest wind direction was also observed. Organic carbon content in soils also increased significantly with increase in distance at surface soilin the southwest wind direction.

Improving air quality in the workplace of a cement packer

The article deals with the problem of air pollution in the working area of the cement packer, as well as the effect of cement dust on the human body. It is proposed to carousel sealing method carousel machine in order to reduce the concentration of cement dust in the air of the working area.

Effects of Cement Dust on Electrolytes and Osmolality in Serum and Urine of Kufa Cement Factory workers

Cement industry is considered one of the serious pollutants in the environment inducing different kinds of health problems among workers. However, there have been few studies examining the adverse effects of cement dust on the levels of electrolytes and osmolality among workers. In the current study, we investigated the potential impacts of the cement dust on the levels of electrolytes and osmolality in both serum and urine among workers of Kufa Cement Factory. The workers were grouped into three groups according to their departments. The workers, who were aged between 38-48 years, were grouped into oven workers (N=20), mills workers (N=16) and control workers (N=22). While workers who were aged between 49-59 years, were also grouped into oven workers (N=14), mills workers (N=13) and control workers (N=9). Serum and urine samples were collected from all studied subjects. Regardless of age groups, the results showed that the levels of serum sodium and potassium were significantly increased among workers at the oven and mills departments compared to the control. While the levels of blood serum calcium and osmolality were significantly reduced among workers at the oven and mills departments compared to control group. In the urine samples, the levels of sodium were significantly higher among oven workers compared to the findings in both mills and control. While the levels of calcium and osmolality were significantly higher in both oven and mills workers compared to the control.

Influence of cement dust exposure on periodontal health of occupational workers

This study demonstrates the effect of cement dust on periodontal health among cement factory workers in Sudan. One-hundred exposed workers from Rabak Cement Factory and Algablain Quarry, besides 84 unexposed workers from Kosti River Transport Corporation were examined. The study was designed as retrospective cohort. The period of the study was three months. The exclusion and inclusion criteria were determined. A precoded pretested questionnaire was structured for collection of qualitative demographic and lifestyle characteristics. All objects were examined for the following clinical parameters: Tooth Wear (TW), Calculus (CAL), Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Probing Depth (PD), and Gingival Recession (GR). Significant differences (p < 0.05) in TW and CAL were recorded between the exposed and exposed groups. The exposed workers showed more TW (84.85%) and CAL (95.96%) than the unexposed workers (TW 46.43% and CAL 77.38%). For PI, GI, PD, and GR, no significant differences were observed. Poor utilization of protective measures was observed; the users of the exposed group represented 16.8–29.5%. Accordingly, statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in clinical variables between users and nonusers of protective measures were observed. Among those who did not use protective measures, almost all the clinical variables tended to increase. The clinical results for nonusers in the exposed group were as follows: PI 0.93–1.03, GI 1.00–1.12, PD 0.35–0.38, GR 1.42–1.51, CAL 1.29–1.40, and TW 1.83–1.99. This was also true for oral hygiene methods used; where the increase in clinical variables were associated with users of methods other than the toothbrush and Miswak (twigs of Salvadora persica tree). Interestingly, smoking was observed to have synergistic effect with cement dust exposure, which is in agreement with the current opinions in this regard.

Evaluation of serum Cd, Zn, and Cr in male cement loaders in Benin City, Nigeria

Production of cement is a dusty industrial process and its effect on the health of workers has been studied for many years. The aim of this research is to study the effects of cement dust on serum heavy metal in cement loaders in Benin City. The level of serum heavy metals: Cadmium,, Zinc and Chromium of thirty(30) male cement loaders and apparently thirty(30) healthy non-cement loaders (controls) were measured using standard methods. The results revealed that significant difference was observed in serum cadmium(0.4980mg/L) and chromium(1.220mg/L) concentration of cement factory workers exposed to cement dust when compared with control (0.4030mg/L and 0.03434mg/L respectively) at p<0.05). Proper safety measures such as wearing of face mask and workshop coat is thus advised to minimize the health effects of the cement dust. Keywords: serum, heavy metals, cement, loaders

Effect of cement dust on soil physico-chemical properties around cement plants in Jaintia Hills, Meghalaya

Effect of cement dust on soil physico-chemical properties around cement plants in Jaintia Hills, Meghalaya

The Effect of Cement Dust on Vegetation

The Effect of Cement Dust on Vegetation

Study of effect of cement dust on lung function in cement factory workers

Study of effect of cement dust on lung function in cement factory workers

Biochemical response of Cupressus sempervirens to cement dust: Yields and chemical composition of its essential oil

The effects of cement dust on the yield and chemical composition of the essential oil were investigated in Cupressus sempervirens. Exposure to cement dust resulted in a significant increase in the essential oil yields. Significant factory distance-related changes in qualitative and quantitative composition of the essential oil were observed. Increasing pollution with dust increased the content of monoterpene hydrocarbons concomitant to increase of α-pinene, suggesting a redirection of the secondary metabolism of C. sempervirens towards biosynthesis of monoterpenes. In contrast, oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were strongly reduced. These results provide an overall picture of the different responses of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes to air pollution caused by cement dust. They also reveal the suitability of using C. sempervirens in the creation of green areas around cement factories and encourage the use of dusted plants as potential source of valuable natural products.

Effect of cement dust on reproductive performance and some physiological parameters in albino rats

A total of 30 Albino rats of 12 weeks of age were sourced from Altran Farm in Nsukka and acclimatized for 3 weeks. Five males and five females were exposed to cement dust for 3 months at the Eastern Blocks and Concrete Industries Limited, Nsukka, Nigeria. Ten males and ten females were kept in an environment free from cement dust but within the same climatic zone and were the unexposed. The effect of cement dust was then determined on reproductive performance and some physiological parameters of the rats. The uterus of the exposed females showed significant decrease (p < 0.05) in weight (2.19 ± 0.05) when compared to that of the unexposed females (4.09 ± 0.55). The mean epididymal sperm reserve of the exposed males (12.25 ± 2.17) was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) when compared to that of the control group (18.46 ± 0.325). The mean testicular weight of the exposed males (1.03 ± 0.09) was significantly reduced when compared to the control (1.42 ± 0.026). The mean fetal weight and crown rump length of the offsprings from the exposed females (4.07 ± 0.17, 3.12 ± 0.09, respectively) were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) when compared to those of the offsprings from the unexposed females (5.64 ± 0.10, 5.36 ± 0.17, respectively). The mean number of offsprings from exposed males (6.00 ± 0.45) was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) when compared to that from unexposed males (9.80 ± 0.37). The hematological evaluation showed significant reductions (p < 0.05) in mean PCV, HB, RBC, and WBC of the exposed rats (27.50 ± 2.20, 8.31 ± 0.61, 3.61 ± 0.82, 4.70 ± 0.63, respectively) when compared to the unexposed (43.17 ± 3.52, 14.1 ± 0.72, 7.21 ± 0.45, 8.48 ± 0.86, respectively). The results of serum enzyme levels (AST, ALP, and ALT) of the exposed rats (87.12 ± 3.42, 93.87 ± 14.18, 45.06 ± 5.25, respectively) were significantly increased (p < 0.05) when compared to the unexposed rats (56.98 ± 8.38, 24.71 ± 2.11, 25.72 ± 2.96, respectively).

Occupational exposure to cement dust: changing opinions of a respiratory hazard.

In the twentieth century medical experts reversed their opinion on whether exposure to cement dust was hazardous. Today it is associated with bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, silicosis, and lung cancer. Yet, up to the 1970s experts maintained that the dust was harmless. Being exposed on a daily basis, workers and their unions were in a unique position see the effects of cement dust and frequently raised concerns. However, lay knowledge, no matter how accurate it later proved to be, was ignored by those in authority. This paper examines the origins of the theory that cement dust was harmless, the social context in which the theory became popular, the consequences for workers' health, and the theory's ultimate rejection.

Occupational Exposure to Cement Dust: Changing Opinions of a Respiratory Hazard

:In the twentieth century medical experts reversed their opinion on whether exposure to cement dust was hazardous. Today it is associated with bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, silicosis, and lung cancer. Yet, up to the 1970s experts maintained that the dust was harmless. Being exposed on a daily basis, workers and their unions were in a unique position see the effects of cement dust and frequently raised concerns. However, lay knowledge, no matter how accurate it later proved to be, was ignored by those in authority. This paper examines the origins of the theory that cement dust was harmless, the social context in which the theory became popular, the consequences for workers' health, and the theory's ultimate rejection.

Methodology of an Observational Cohort Study for Subjects with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Dusty Areas Near Cement Plants

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) occurs in genetically susceptible individuals by chronic exposure to environmental factors. Although cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for this disease, environmental factors including vapor, gas, dust, and fumes can also impact lung function. Emissions from cement plants are known to have negative health effects; however, the effects of cement dust on COPD subjects living near cement plants have not been fully investigated. We plan to conduct a study to observe clinical outcomes of COPD areas near the cement plants in Korea. Here, we present methodology for an observational cohort study. Cement plants are mostly located in the Kangwon and Chungbuk provinces in Korea. COPD subjects in these areas are recruited for medical examinations consisting of a questionnaire of environmental exposure and health habits, symptom severity, pulmonary function testing, and computed tomography. Blood and urine samples are obtained and subjects will be followed up over 10 years. The patient cohort of this study differs from other COPD study populations in that the participants have been living in dusty areas near cement plants; we therefore termed this cohort COPD in dusty area.

Effect of cement dust deposition on physiological behaviors of some halophytes in the salt marshes of Red Sea

Deposition effect of cement dust on pigmentation was studied in Zygophyllum coccineum, Salsola tetrandra, Cyperus conglomeratus, Limonium axillare and Suaede vermiculata. Measurements were taken for plants in two cites , one close to early constructed cement factory at (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia) about 500 meters and other one far from the factory about 5 kilometers. The rate of mortality of young branches were high in the area subjected to the cement dust in all five species, whereas Salsola tetandra and Suaede vermiculata are the most sensitive among them. Unless Cyperus conglomerotus, It is noted that amount of chl a, b and carotenoids in all investigated plants that are far away from cement dust more than that near from the factory. Carbohydrates and protein contents are significantly decreased in non polluted Salsola tetandra and Suaeda vermiculata, whereas these parameters increased significantly parallel to the dust accumulation rate on plants near to the factory. In general, pollution by the cement dust has caused adverse effects on the photosynthetic pigments, the pH of the cell sap, metabolism of soluble amino acids and soluble sugars.

Effects of cement dust on volatile oil constituents and antioxidative metabolism of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) needles

The effects of cement dust on the chemical composition of essential oil, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities of Aleppo pine (P. halepensis) needles were studied. Cement dust resulted in a significant decrease in the yield of essential oil with the effect being more pronounced in the close vicinity of the cement factory. A concomitant decrease in all components of the oil was observed and δ-2-carene, trans-carveol, trans-carvyl acetate, α-terpinyl acetate, β-copaene, (E,E)-α-farnesene, α-calacorene, α-cadinene, spathulenol, humulene oxide II, 8-epi-γ-eudesmol, Ί-muurolol, cubenol and ethyl hexadecanoate have been proposed as biological indicators of cement dust. Moreover, a redirection of the secondary metabolism toward the biosynthesis of monoterpenes has been evidenced. Malondialdehydes (MDA), a decomposition product of polyunsaturated fatty acids, often considered as a suitable biomarker for lipid peroxidation was induced in the needles exposed to cement dust. Similarly, a remarkable induction of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities was noticed. The positive relationships were observed among activities of antioxidant enzymes, and between MDA content and activities of antioxidant enzymes, indicating the cooperative action of these antioxidant enzymes to cope with the oxidative stress induced by cement dust. The results obtained indicate that P. halepensis needles are useful bio-monitors of cement dust pollution.

Cement dust and environmental diseases

E in the 21st century, some working environments still expose workers to cement dust. Many people are also exposed to cement dusts particles in their living environment, such as near cement production facilities and areas under construction. The cement industry is involved in the development of the physical infrastructure of advanced industrial society but generates dust during its production. The classic type of pneumoconiosis in coal workers has decreased, but recently, adverse health effects due to exposure to cement dust has increased in construction workers. Cement dust contains fine and ultrafine particles, 0.05-5.0 μm in aerodiameter, which can penetrate into the lung parenchyma and cause toxic damage. Cement dust can cause lung function impairment, chronic obstructive lung disease, pneumoconiosis, and carcinoma of the lungs. Other studies have shown that cement dust may contain toxic heavy metals, such as hexavalent chromium, nickel, and cobalt. Cement dust may cause inflammatory changes in the skin, and often leads to skin diseases or autoimmune diseases. Therefore, close surveillance to monitor the potential toxic effects of cement dust and intervention to minimize its health risks is needed.

Mortality in a cohort of cement workers in a plant of Central Italy

Workers of cement production are exposed to alkaline dust with irritant effects on the respiratory system. Most previous studies have examined workers in cement/asbestos factories, but there is limited information of the effects of exposures to Portland cement alone. The present study examines the effects of cement dust in a cohort of Portland cement workers through the analyses of their mortality records. Using the records of a cement plant, we reconstructed the work history of all 748 male employees between 1956 and 2006. SMRs were computed for overall mortality and for specific causes of death for the cohort compared with the reference population. The analysis was also performed by subdividing the cohort in low- and high-exposure groups on the basis of the task of the worker and the length of his exposure. The overall mortality of the cohort (SMR = 0.87) as well as the mortality from all cancers (SMR = 0.64) and from cancers of the respiratory system (SMR = 0.56) was significantly lower compared to the reference population. Workers of the cement plant with higher exposures did not have an increased mortality risk from any cause. The only significantly elevated risk observed among these workers was for cancer of the respiratory system (SMR = 2.86), exclusively in the small subgroup of 39 workers with previous exposure to a cement/asbestos plant. Portland cement workers had a statistically significant reduced risk of overall mortality and of all cancers mortality probably due to the healthy workers effect. The study confirmed an increased risk of respiratory system cancer only in the subgroup with previous work exposure in a cement/asbestos plant.