Effect Of Cement Dust Research Articles

CRESCIMENTO, TEORES DE CLOROFILA E DE BIOELEMENTOS EM INDIVÍDUOS JOVENS DE Schinus terebinthifolius EXPOSTOS À POEIRA DE CIMENTO

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da poeira de cimento no crescimento, nos teores de clorofila e de bioelementos em Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae). Para tanto, dois grupos de plantas com 12 meses de idade foram selecionados, um para controle e o outro para ser submetido à poeira de cimento. Um total de 900g de poeira foi pulverizado durante cinco meses, em duas aplicações semanais. Em ambos os grupos de plantas foram realizadas avaliações visuais periódicas para detecção de possíveis anomalias. Foram avaliados também o crescimento em altura, a área foliar, as massas fresca e seca das folhas, a composição química das folhas e a concentração de clorofila. As plantas pulverizadas apresentaram sintomas de clorose, seguida de necrose nos ápices foliolares e queda das folhas, além de tortuosidade nos caules. Mostraram também aumento significativo nos teores de clorofilas a, b e total, bem como de macro, micronutrientes, Al e Na, principalmente nas folhas que não passaram pelo processo de lavagem antes da realização das análises. As massas fresca e seca das folhas foram menores nos indivíduos pulverizados. Os resultados indicam que a espécie utilizada apresenta sensibilidade à contaminação com poeira de cimento, podendo ser usada em estudos de biomonitoramento.Palavras-chave: Aroeira-vermelha; poluição, nutrição florestal; biomonitoramento ativo. AbstractGrowth, chlorophyll and bio-elements concentration in seedlings of Schinus terebinthifolius exposed to cement dust. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of cement dust on the growth, chlorophyll and bio-elements concentrations in Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae). Two groups of seedlings 12 months-old were selected, one used as a control and the other to be treated with cement dust. A total of 900g of dust was pulverized during five months, twice a week. For both groups of plants periodical visual observations were made to detect possible anomalies. Evaluations of height growth, foliar area, foliar fresh and dry weight, chemical composition of leaves and chlorophyll concentration were also performed. The plants treated with dust presented yellowish leaves, which subsequently became necrotic and felt down. The stems of plants showed disturbance in growth becoming tortuous. The dusted plants also showed significant increase in the concentrations of chlorophylls a, b and total, as well as in macro and micronutrients, Al and Na, mainly in the leaves not rinsed before analysis. Fresh and dry leaves weights were smaller in the dusted plants than in the control ones. The results indicate this species as useful for bio-monitoring studies because of its sensitivity to cement dust contamination.Keywords: Brazilian pepper tree; pollution, forest nutrition; active bio-monitoring.

Effects of Cement Dust on Soil Chemical Properties in the Calabar Environment, Southeastern Nigeria

Some chemical properties of soils around the Calabar Cement Company operational area were studied from three profile pits sited at the crest, upper slope, and middle slope topographic positions. The results showed that the soil pH was moderately to slightly acid (mean 5.8), organic‐matter content was moderate (mean 2.54%), total N (N) content was low (mean 0.04%), and available phosphorus (P) was high (mean 87.43 mg/kg). Exchangeable calcium (Ca) content was moderate to high (3.02 to 7.44 cmol/kg) in the surface soil; most samples had low magnesium (Mg) content (mean 0.25 cmol/kg), medium concentration of exchangeable potassium (K) (mean 0.10 cmol/kg), and medium to high exchangeable sodium (Na) (0.27 to 1.38 cmol/kg). The exchange acidity was low (mean 1.58 cmol/kg), and effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) had low to medium (2.50 to 15.17 cmol/kg) values. The percentage of base saturation was high with most soils having values greater than 50% (mean 70.8%). The moderate to high content of Ca and the favorable pH in the soils of the study area are uncommon in the coastal plain soils of southern Nigeria; these, therefore, were readily attributable to the continuous deposition of cement dusts on the surface and leaching into deeper horizons.

The Effects of Cement Dust on Albino Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Around West African Portland Cement Factory in Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria

The Effects of Cement Dust on Albino Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Around West African Portland Cement Factory in Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria

Dose response effect of cement dust on respiratory muscles competence in cement mill workers

Electromyography (EMG) of respiratory muscles is a reliable method of assessing the ventilatory muscle function, but still its use has not been fully utilized to determine the occupational and environmental hazards on respiratory muscles. Therefore, EMG of intercostal muscles was performed to determine the dose response effect of cement dust on respiratory muscles competence. Matched cross-sectional study of EMG in 50 non-smoking cement mill workers with an age range of 20 – 60 years, who worked without the benefit of cement dust control ventilation or respiratory protective devices. EMG was performed by using surface electrodes and chart recorder. Significant reduction was observed in number of peaks (p < 0.0005), maximum peak amplitude (p < 0.0005), peak-to-peak amplitude (p < 0.0005) and duration of response (p < 0.0005) in cement mill workers compared to their matched control. Cement dust impairs the intercostal muscle competence and stratification of results shows a dose-effect of years of exposure in cement mill.

Cement Dust as Filler in NBR Vulcanizates

The use of cement dust waste as filler in rubber vulcanizates is of great interest as a means to get rid of this waste. The effect of cement dust on the properties of acrylonitrile rubber (NBR) was studied and compared with that of carbon black and kaolin. It was found that the surface treatment of cement dust with fatty acid improves its dispersability. The effect of treated cement dust in combination with carbon black on physico-mechanical, thermal aging, swelling resistance and fatigue resistance of the filled vulcanizates was studied.

The effect of cement dust as industrial pollutant on some wool traits of Barki sheep

The effect of cement dust as industrial pollutant on some wool traits of Barki sheep

Elemental and Base Anions Deposition in the Snow Cover of North-Eastern Estonia

Snow samples from 18 sites in Estonia were collected in February and March 1996 after 72–110 days of permanent snow cover. Three snow layers corresponding to different snow accumulation periods were separated in each sampling site. Snow water samples were analysed for sulphate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3-), and chloride (Cl-) ions and elemental composition. Deposition fluxes of 27 chemical species were used for factor, cluster and correlation analysis. The effects of cement dust, oil shale fly ash, sulphur dioxide and chlorine from emissions of thermal power plants were distinguished. A large number of trace metals are strongly correlated with each other (R > 0.8) and with macro-components (except NO3-), which refers to a common origin, identified as the mineral part of oil shale. Deposition fluxes of Ca, Mg, SO42- and a number of mineral components exceed near the power plants 1–2 decimal orders the background value. The deposition fluxes in forested sites are up to 2 times higher than in open land sites. This difference may be caused by more efficient turbulent transfer over rougher surface. It is suggested, that NO3- and Zn originate mainly and Pb, Cd and Cu partially from non-local or diffuse sources (traffic, domestic heating, far transport). The results of this research could be used to evaluate the air pollution deposition models and for ecological impact estimations.

Cement Dust Pollution as a Cause of Sea Turtle Hatchling Mortality at Ras Baridi, Saudi Arabia

The effects of cement dust on hatchling survival are discussed. An estimated 120 tonnes of partially processed cement dust is carried daily by predominant winds and smothers Saudi Arabia’s most important mainland sea turtle nesting beaches. In places, the fine-particle dust has accumulated to depths of >100 cm with a resulting decrease in hatchling emergence. It was found that a relatively hard dome was created above the clutch during the `filling-in' segment of the nesting process and during incubation, resulting in less than 40% hatchling emergence success. Eggs were found to develop naturally and hatch, but the hatchlings could not emerge from the nest. Subsequent conservation efforts involved marking all nest cavities during the nesting period, followed by nest excavation after the incubation period. Hatchling emergence was raised to nearly 80% in this manner.

Effect of cement dust on three halophytic species of the Mediterranean salt marshes in Egypt : M. M. Migahid & S. M. El-Darier, Journal of Arid Environments, 30(3), 1995, pp 361–366

Effect of cement dust on three halophytic species of the Mediterranean salt marshes in Egypt : M. M. Migahid & S. M. El-Darier, Journal of Arid Environments, 30(3), 1995, pp 361–366

Effect of cement dust on three halophytic species of the Mediterranean salt marshes in Egypt

The present study was carried out on the halophytic species Salicornia fruticosa. Halocnemum strobilaceum and Arthrocnemum glaucum native to the Mediterranean salt marshes. Plant material were collected at a distance of 1, 3 and 5 km from an early constructed cement factory in the area. Washed cements from the surface area of study plants were found to be about 5·0, 1·7 and 1·0 μg cm−2 at the three locations respectively. Cement increased the mortality of young branches leading to a reduction in the height and cover of the three species, especially Arthrocnemum glaucum, which was most sensitive to the dust. Water content, relative water content and succulence were improved in the living parts of the three species. A considerable increase in proline was found in Arthrocnemum glaucum and in soluble carbohydrate for the other two species.

Effect of cement dust treatment on some phylloplane fungi of wheat

The percent frequency and number of colonies cm−2 leaf area of all the test fungi decreased significantly at the higher doses of cement dust during both pre- and post inoculation treatments. However, the population of some fungi increased at the low dose only. Stimulatory as well as inhibitory effect of cement dust on colony growth of the test fungi were observed at different concentrations of cement dust (500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 μm mL−1).

Effect of cement dust on the growth and yield of Brassica campestris L.

Plants of Brassica campestris L. var. G-S20 were treated with cement dust, at rates of 3 (B 1), 5 (B 2) and 7 (B 3) gm −2 day −1 for 90 days. Treated plants showed a consistent reduction in growth, photosynthetic pigments, yield and oil content over control plants. The overall phytomass of treated plants was significantly decreased, the maximum reduction being 64.8% in B 3 plants, followed by B 2 plants (55.3%) and B 1 plants (43.69%) at 60 days. The effect on oil content was also greatest in B 3 plants, where it was decreased by 6.13%.

Effect of cement dust on lung function in Libyans.

Forced vital capacity (FVC, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced expiratory ratio (FEV1%), forced expiratory flow between 0.2 and 1.21 (FEF200-1200) and forced mid-expiratory flow (FMF 25-75%) were measured in 100 non-exposed subjects (control) and 110 exposed subjects (mean age 38.0± 8.4 years) exposed to cement dust in a Benghazi cement plant. The exposed group had a significantly lower mean FEV1% (p<0.001), FEF (p<0.05) and FMF (p<0.01) than the control group. The mean FVC and FEV1 values in the exposed and the control groups were not significantly different. However, the reduction in lung function in the exposed group was not linked to the period of exposure.

The effect of cement Dust upon workers: Russell, A. E. American Journal of Medical Sciences, 1933, 185, 330

The effect of cement Dust upon workers: Russell, A. E. American Journal of Medical Sciences, 1933, 185, 330

Occupational upper respiratory tract and ear diseases in cement industry workers

The scarce and contradictory information about the effect of cement dust on the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract is considerably supplemented by Dr. Potapov's report on the results of a special team surveying the workers of the Volsk cement plants.

The Possible Effect of Cement Dust on Plants

Dust, which is thought to have originated from a cement factory in California, was characterized and studied for its effect on trees, plants, and property values in the area. The effects on plants and trees were determined to be primarily mechanical; i.e., prevention of gas exchange due to clogging of stomata. Removal of the dust by rainfall was negligible due to seasonal drought; frequent fogs tended to set or fix the dust, forming a crust. Market values and salability of land has been influenced by the excess of dust and the market for otherwise fine table grapes limited.