Effect Of Achievement Motivation Research Articles

Effect of Achievement Motivation and Self-Efficacy on General Well-Being among Students at Normal Universities in Ningxia: The Mediating Role of Time Management.

General well-being is a positive evaluation of one's mental health, which is an important topic in mental health. General well-being is fundamental to the positive development of young people. A thorough understanding of the factors that influence happiness have not yet been developed for students at normal universities in Ningxia Province in China. This study examined the mediation effects of time management on the relationship between achievement motivation, self-efficacy, and general well-being among students at normal universities in Ningxia Province in China. Using a random sampling, 163 participants (68 males and 95 females) completed the Achievement Motivation Scale (AMS), General Self-efficacy Scale (GSES), Time Management Questionnaire (TMQ) and General Well-being Scale (GWBS). Achievement motivation, self-efficacy, and time management were positively correlated with general well-being. The mediation effects of time management on the relationships between achievement motivation, self-efficacy, and general wellbeing (0.169 and 0.447) were demonstrated. These results add to the nuanced relationship between self-efficacy, achievement motivation, and general well-being. According to the Achievement Motivation Theory and the Self-efficacy Theory, this study reveals the role of achievement motivation, self-efficacy on general well-being and the mediating effect of time management in the relationship between achievement motivation, self-efficacy, and general well-being. According to the findings, the school can carry out a series of lectures and tutoring activities to enhance students' achievement motivation, self-efficacy, time management, and general well-being.

대학교육에서의 플립드러닝 효과성 탐색

The purpose of this study is to measure and analyze the effect of flipped learning on learning immersion, outcome achievement, and learning satisfaction for students in the Department of Health Administration, and to further revitalize student-centered classes. This study was conducted to find implications for the following.
 The research method is an exploratory research study through pre- and post-analysis, and the research subjects are 32 students attending the Department of Health Administration at University B. The pre-survey before applying flipped learning was conducted on March 6, 2023, and the post-survey after the subject was administered was conducted on June 19, 2023. The collected data were analyzed with the SPSS/WIN 27.0 program. Frequency analysis was conducted on the general characteristics of the study subjects, and a paired-sample t-test was conducted on learning outcomes after a pre-survey and post-survey on the application of flipped learning classes.
 As a result of the study, the average post-survey score was found to be high through pre- and post-comparative analysis of learning immersion, outcome achievement, and academic satisfaction after running the flipped learning class. Significant results were found in the interest factor among the learning immersion factors, and in the factors of achievement motivation, satisfaction, and relationship utilization among the outcome achievement factors. In particular, the effects of achievement motivation and satisfaction were found to be high. The academic satisfaction factor showed a high effect of learning-related satisfaction.
 Based on these results, it is believed that it is effective to apply flipped learning to improve learners' academic satisfaction and confidence in medical terminology subjects.

An Empirical Study on the Effect of Achievement Motivation and Self-Efficacy on Social Loafing

An Empirical Study on the Effect of Achievement Motivation and Self-Efficacy on Social Loafing

PERANAN MOTIVASI BERPRESTASI DAN KECEMASAN SOSIAL TERHADAP KEPERCAYAAN DIRI PADA ATLET TAEKWONDO SAAT BERTANDING DI KABUPATEN PASURUAN

This study aims to find out the results of the role between achievement motivation and social anxiety on self confidence in athletes when competing in pasuruan regency. Confidence can lead to the belief that within a person has the ability. The research method uses correlational. Data collection used a questionnaire with a population of 200 athletes and 154 athletes used as respondents. Sampling was taken using accidental sampling cited by Sugiyono. The reliability test uses the Alpha Cronbach method with a standard > 0.6. The analysis technique uses multiple regression with the help of JASP 0.16. Research results: (1) the effect of athlete’s achievement motivation on self confidence gets a score of 11.4% positively and significantly (2) the effect of athlete’s social anxiety on self confidence gets a score of 17.5% positivelyand significantly (3) the effect of achievement motivation, social anxiety on self confidence gets a score of 37.5% positively and significantly.

Pengaruh Kepribadian Proaktif dan Motivasi Berprestasi Terhadap Inovasi Guru Sekolah Minggu Buddha Se-Propinsi DKI Jakarta

Learning innovation requires teacher attention to achieve optimal student learning outcomes. A professional teacher is expected to be able to carry out learning innovations that are manifestasi in his tasks everyday, both in lesson planning, implementation of the learning process to evaluation activities. This study aims to examine the effect of proactive personality on SMB teacher innovation, the effect of achievement motivation on SMB teacher innovation, and the effect of proactive personility and achievement motivasion together on SMB teacher inovation.
 Research using quantitative research methods. The sample use 142 respondents with data collection techniques through a questionnaire (close questionnaire) using a Likert Scale.
 The results of research on proactive personality have a significant effect on SMB teacher innovation. Achievement motivationhas a significant effect on SMB teacher innovation. While the results of research on proactive personlity and achievement motivation simulataneously have a significant effect on SMB teacher innovation.
 In conclusion, the higher the proactive personality and achiemevent motivation, the higher the innovatioan of SMB teachers.

Achievement Motivation and Self Efficacy in Measuring Student Adversity Quotient

This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of achievement motivation on adversity quotient, the effect of self-efficacy on adversity quotient, and the effect of achievement motivation and self-efficacy on adversity quotient in Economic Education students of Semarang State University. This study used a type of quantitative approach. The population in this study is students of the Department of Economic Education, Semarang State University class of 2017-2020, totaling 437 students. The sampling technique in this study used purposive sampling. The method of collecting and collecting data using questionnaire questionnaires of achievement motivation scale, self-efficacy scale, and adversity quotient scale that has been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis techniques in this study use classical assumption testing models, path analysis and coefficient of determination (R2) tests. The results showed that there was no effect of achievement motivation on the adversity quotient of economic education students, there was an influence of self-efficacy on the adversity quotient of economic education students, and furthermore there was no effect of achievement motivation and self-efficacy on the adversity quotient of economic education students.

The Effect of Achievement Motivation, Academic Emotion Regulation and Grit on Self-Directed Learning Ability among Nursing Students

본 연구는 간호대학생의 성취동기, 학업적 정서조절, 그릿, 자기주도학습 능력 정도를 파악하고 자기주도학습 능력에 영향을 미치는 요인을 확인하고자 수행하였다. 연구방법은 서술적 조사연구로서 연구대상은 J시 소재 일개 대학의 간호학과에 재학 중인 167명의 학생이었다. 구조화된 설문지를 이용하여 2022년 11월 17일부터 11월 30일까지 자료수집을 하였다. 자료의 분석은 SPSS 23.0 프로그램을 사용하여 기술통계, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, 상관관계 및 다중회귀분석으로 분석하였다. 연구결과 성취동기는 4점 만점에 평균 2.63± .53점, 학업적 정서조절은 5점 만점에 3.39± .75점, 그릿은 5점 만점에 3.19± .78점, 자기주도학습 능력은 5점 만점에 3.43± .70점이었다. 자기주도학습 능력은 일반적 특성 중 직전 학기 성적과 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 간호대학생의 자기주도학습 능력은 성취동기(r= .52, p .01), 학업적 정서조절(r= .46, p .01), 그릿(r= .42, p .01)과 통계적으로 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 대상자의 자기주도학습 능력에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 성취동기로 나타났으며 그 다음이 그릿, 학업적 정서조절, 직전 학기 성적순이었으며, 이들 변수의 자기주도학습 능력에 대한 설명력은 35%이었다. 간호대학생의 자기주도학습 능력을 높이기 위해서는 성취동기, 학업적 정서조절, 그릿을 강화시키는 프로그램 개발이 필요하다.

The Effect of Achievement Motivation and Self Confidence on Freestyle Swimming Performance; A Correlation Study on Senior High School Students in Yogyakarta

This study is to analyze: (1) The effect of achievement motivation on freestyle swimming achievement. (2) The effect of self-confidence on freestyle swimming achievement. (3) The influence between achievement motivation and self-confidence on freestyle swimming achievement. This type of research is quantitative with an ex post facto approach. The population in this study were high school students in Yogyakarta. Researchers did not examine the entire population, the sampling technique used random sampling totaling 150 students. The instrument used was a questionnaire. Data analysis techniques using ANOVA analysis. The results showed that (1) There is a significant influence between achievement motivation on freestyle swimming achievement, with a p-value of 0.000 < 0.05. (2) There is a significant influence between self-confidence on freestyle swimming performance, with a p-value of 0.000 < 0.05. (3) There is a significant influence between achievement motivation and self-confidence on freestyle swimming performance, with a p-value of 0.000 < 0.05.

The Effect of Achievement Motivation and Self Confidence on Freestyle Swimming Performance; A Correlation Study on Senior High School Students in Yogyakarta

The Effect of Achievement Motivation and Self Confidence on Freestyle Swimming Performance; A Correlation Study on Senior High School Students in Yogyakarta

The Effect of Achievement Motivation, Self-Efficacy, and Self-Regulated Learning Strategies on Creative Leadership of College Students

This study was conducted to confirm the relevance of achievement motivation, self-efficacy, and self-regulated learning strategies related to creative leadership of college students, and to identify factors affecting creative leadership. The research design was a descriptive correlation research study targeting students at M university located in Jeollanam-do. Frequency and percentage, t-test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis were performed. As a result of the study, as a result of examining the correlation between achievement motivation, self-efficacy, self-regulated learning strategy, and creative leadership, creative leadership showed achievement motivation (r=.69, p<.001), self-efficacy (r=.77, p<.001) and self-regulated learning strategies (r=.80, p<.001), and self-regulated learning strategies, achievement motivation (r=.69, p<.001) and self-efficacy (r=.73, p<.001), self-efficacy was found to have a statistically significant positive correlation with achievement motivation (r=.74, p<.001). Factors influencing creative leadership were self-regulated learning strategy (β=.47, p= <.001), selfefficacy (β=.41, p= <.001), achievement motivation (β=.13, p= .04), and the self-regulated learning strategy was the most influential factor.

THE INFLUENCE OF INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP, ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION, AND QUALITY OF WORK LIFE ON TEACHER JOB SATISFACTION AT AL WASHLIYAH PETUMBUKAN VOCATIONAL SCHOOL, PETUMBUKAN, DELI SERDANG

Abstract:&#x0D; The purpose of this study is the influence of instructional leadership, achievement motivation and quality of work life on teacher job satisfaction at Al-Washliyah vocational high school, Galang District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province. The method used in this study, Quantitative Method with the teacher population as the object in Vocational High Schools there are 68 people, the sample used is the entire number of teachers. The research instrument using a questionnaire has been tested for its validation and reliability. The results of this study are shown by the coefficient of determination (R square) = 74.0% and the remaining 26% is determined by other factors. The results of simple regression analysis show the regression equation Ŷ = 8.638+ 0.838 X1, which means that the increase is 0.838. The effect of achievement motivation on job satisfaction. indicated by the coefficient of determination R2 (R square) = 0.461% and the remaining 53.9% is determined by other factors. The results of simple regression analysis show the regression equation Ŷ = 8.638+ 0.290X2, which means an increase in value of 0.290. The results of simple regression analysis show the regression equation Ŷ= 8.638+0.309X3 which means that an increase of 0.309 There is a positive and significant influence of instructional leadership (X1), achievement motivation (X2), and quality of work life (X3) together on job satisfaction. The magnitude of the influence is indicated by the coefficient of determination R2 (R square) = which means that Job Satisfaction jointly influences teacher performance by 63.0% and the remaining 37.0% is determined by other factors. The results of simple regression analysis show the equation Ŷ =8.638+ 0.838X1 + 0.290X2+0.309X3.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Instructional Leadership, Achievement Motivation, Quality of work life, Job Satisfaction

The Effect of Organizational Commitment, Achievement Motivation on Work Effectiveness Through Job Satisfaction of Elementary School Teachers in Lampihong District

This study aims to investigate the direct and indirect effects of teacher job satisfaction as a moderating variable in the effect of organizational commitment and achievement motivation on teacher work effectiveness. This study employed a quantitative method. The type of this research is correlational path analysis study. The study population consisted of 172 elementary school teachers in Lampihong District, from which a sample of 120 was drawn using proportional random sampling. Questionnaires were used to collect data, which were then analyzed statistically descriptively and inferentially using SPSS. The results of the study showed that: (1) organizational commitment, achievement motivation, job satisfaction, teacher work effectiveness are in categorized as high. (2) there is a direct effect of organizational commitment on teacher work effectiveness of 0.318, organizational commitment on teacher job satisfaction of 0.141, job satisfaction on teacher work effectiveness of 0.448, achievement motivation on teacher work effectiveness of 0.156, and achievement motivation on teacher job satisfaction of 0.315. (3) The indirect effect of organizational commitment via job satisfaction on teacher work effectiveness of 0.141, while the effect of achievement motivation via job satisfaction on teacher work effectiveness of 0.284. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that school principals together with SDN teachers in Lampihong District maintain organizational commitment, achievement motivation, and job satisfaction in order for teachers to demonstrate the efficacy of their work in terms of quality and quantity of work, as well as timely completion of assignments.

교육소비 만족도에 미치는 영향 – 중국 유학생의 시간관리 가치관의 매개효과를 중심으로 -

한국 내 학력인 인구의 감소에 따라 유학생 유치가 활발하게 이루어지고 있는 가운데 유학생의 중도 탈락률, 불법체류 등 유학생 관리 차원의 중요성이 드러나고 있다. 선행연구에 따르면 유학생의 성취동기와 시간관리 가치관은 교육소비 만족도에 영향을 미친다. 단, 성취동기와 시간관리 가치관 및 교육소비 만족도 간의 영향 관계를 명확히 규명한 연구는 부족하다는 것이 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 성취동기와 시간관리 가치와 중요성을 파악하고 양자와 교육소비 만족도 간의 영향 관계를 규명하는 것을 목적으로 한국 내 대학에 재학하고 있는 중국 유학생을 대상으로 설문조사를 진행하여 SPSS 26.0 통계프로그램을 사용하여 실증분석을 하였다. 연구 결과 성취동기는 시간관리 가치관에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을, 시간관리 가치관은 교육소비 만족도에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치며, 시간관리 가치관은 성취동기와 교육소비 만족도 간의 관계에서 부분적 매개효과를 가진다는 것이 밝혀졌다. 마지막으로 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 실무적 시사점, 한계점 및 향후의 연구 방향을 제시하였다.

Kecerdasan Logika Matematika, Efikasi Diri dan Motivasi Berprestasi Terhadap Perilaku Inovatif

The purpose of this study is to get answers empirically: (1) The Effect of Mathematical Logic on Innovative Behavior, (2) The Effect of Self-Efficacy on Innovative Behavior. (3) The Effect of Achievement Motivation on Innovative Behavior. (4) The Joint Effect of Mathematical Logic Intelligence, Self-Efficacy and Achievement Motivation on Innovative Behavior. The method used in this research is a survey method with multiple linear regression approach. The research sample was 40 SMK students in Sawangan sub-district which was determined by random sampling technique. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that: (1) There is a partial positive and significant influence of the Mathematical Logic variable on the Innovative Behavior variable, (2) There is a partial positive and significant influence on the Self-Efficacy variable on the Innovative Behavior variable. (3) There is a positive and significant influence of the achievement motivation variable partially on the variable of innovative behavior. (4) There is a positive and significant influence on the variables of Mathematical Logical Intelligence, Self-Efficacy and Achievement Motivation simultaneously on Innovative Behavior. The higher the mathematical logic, the better the self-efficacy and the higher the achievement motivation, the higher the student's innovative behavior.

The Effect of Limb Muscle Explosive Power, Flexibility, and Achievement Motivation on Sickle Kick Performance in Pencak Silat Learning

Study Purpose. This study background is that the performance of the sickle kick in Pencak Silat learning is very important to improve the athlete’s performance during the match, both when attacking and defending. The objective is to analyze the performance of the Pencak Silat sickle kick in terms of the quality of physical conditions (such as leg muscle explosive power and flexibility), and psychological elements (such as achievement motivation).&#x0D; Materials and methods. This study involved Pencak Silat athletes of Tangan Mas College, Padang, Indonesia. The participants who became the study sample were 30 male athletes aged 14–17 (athletes in the adolescent category). The sample selection was based on the sample criteria providing that participants had participated in regional level competitions and had attended training for at least 2 years. Data were obtained from several tests and measurements: leg muscle explosive power was measured using the Vertical Jump Test and then processed by the Lewis formula (nomogram). Flexibility was measured using the Side Split Test, achievement motivation was assessed using a questionnaire validated by experts, and a sickle kick performance was tested. The data obtained were analyzed using simple regression analysis and multiple regression analysis, followed by path analysis to calculate the coefficient value of each variable.&#x0D; Results. The data obtained were analyzed using structural model path analysis. Results: (1) there is an effect of leg muscle explosive power on the sickle kick performance by 21.59%; (2) there is an effect of flexibility on the sickle kick performance by 6.94%; (3) there is an effect of achievement motivation on the sickle kick performance by 9.74%; (4) there is an effect of leg muscle explosive power through achievement motivation on the sickle kick performance by 38.14%; (5) there is an effect of flexibility through achievement motivation on the sickle kick performance by 13.51%; and (6) there is a simultaneous effect of these variables by 51,41%.&#x0D; Conclusions. Based on the analysis of the three factors above, it was concluded that leg muscle explosive power is the dominant factor and needs to be taught and trained seriously. However, the other factors are no less important. Future studies are urgently needed to include other variables that affect the results of this study, as well as a wider number of samples to validate the results of this study.

Pengaruh Self-Regulated Learning dan Motivasi Berprestasi Terhadap Perilaku Prokrastinasi Akademik Siswa

Academic procrastination is a behavior carried out by students in the form of delaying work both to start and complete assignments for rational reasons, this can have a negative impact on achievement and also students' mental health. Academic procrastination is caused by several factors such as low self-regulated learning and achievement motivation and is moderated by social media addiction. This study aims to determine the effect of self-regulated learning and achievement motivation on academic procrastination, as well as the moderating effect of social media addiction. Participants in this study amounted to 134 students of SMPN class VIII, consisting of 54 boys and 80 girls with an age range of about 13 to 15 years. Data collection in this study used four scales, namely the academic procrastination scale, achievement motivation scale, academic self-regulated learning scale, and social media addiction scale. The academic procrastination scale has 17 items with a different power of 0.331-0.763 and a reliability of 0.907. The achievement motivation scale has 22 items with a different power of 0.337-0.740 and a reliability of 0.895. The academic self-regulated learning scale has 22 items with a power difference of 0.309-0.836 and a reliability of 0.928. The social media addiction scale has 5 items with a discrepancy of 0.371-0.556 and a reliability of 0.792. The data in this study were analyzed using the structural equation model technique. The results showed that 1) there was an effect of self-regulated learning on academic procrastination (p values ​​0.00&lt;0.05); 2) there is no effect of achievement motivation on academic procrastination (p values ​​0.243 &lt;0.05); 3) social media addiction did not affect the relationship between self-regulated learning and academic procrastination (p values ​​0.90&lt;0.05); 4) social media addiction affects the relationship between achievement motivation and academic procrastination (p values ​​0.015&lt;0.05).

Pengaruh Self-Regulated Learning dan Motivasi Berprestasi Terhadap Perilaku Prokrastinasi Akademik Siswa

Academic procrastination is a behavior carried out by students in the form of delaying work both to start and complete assignments for rational reasons, this can have a negative impact on achievement and also students' mental health. Academic procrastination is caused by several factors such as low self-regulated learning and achievement motivation and is moderated by social media addiction. This study aims to determine the effect of self-regulated learning and achievement motivation on academic procrastination, as well as the moderating effect of social media addiction. Participants in this study amounted to 134 students of SMPN class VIII, consisting of 54 boys and 80 girls with an age range of about 13 to 15 years. Data collection in this study used four scales, namely the academic procrastination scale, achievement motivation scale, academic self-regulated learning scale, and social media addiction scale. The academic procrastination scale has 17 items with a different power of 0.331-0.763 and a reliability of 0.907. The achievement motivation scale has 22 items with a different power of 0.337-0.740 and a reliability of 0.895. The academic self-regulated learning scale has 22 items with a power difference of 0.309-0.836 and a reliability of 0.928. The social media addiction scale has 5 items with a discrepancy of 0.371-0.556 and a reliability of 0.792. The data in this study were analyzed using the structural equation model technique. The results showed that 1) there was an effect of self-regulated learning on academic procrastination (p values ​​0.00&lt;0.05); 2) there is no effect of achievement motivation on academic procrastination (p values ​​0.243 &lt;0.05); 3) social media addiction did not affect the relationship between self-regulated learning and academic procrastination (p values ​​0.90&lt;0.05); 4) social media addiction affects the relationship between achievement motivation and academic procrastination (p values ​​0.015&lt;0.05).

Effect of Networking Based Entrepreneurial Learning on Employability Interest for University Students

The study aims at investigating entrepreneurship learning in universities regarding the effect of achievement motivation and creativity on student entrepreneurial intention mediated by online social networks. This study is quantitative research. Data were collected data from 290 online respondents who were students from various private universities in Lampung, South Sumatera and Bangka Belitung provinces in Indonesia. This study using random sampling, and research questionnaires were collected online. The data were analyzed using the structural equation model Smart Pls 3.2.7. This study investigated seven research’hypothesis. The result of the research shows that achievement motivation and creativity have a significant effect on entrepreneurial interest. Itindicates that online social networking can mediate the relationship between achievement motivation and creativity on entrepreneurial interest as well. The findings of this study also contribute to the conceptual framework for lecturers in entrepreneurship learning to increase student entrepreneurship intention. It is recommended to compare the entrepreneurial intention model among state universities as a comparative study to understand how to build entrepreneurial interest in universities as a contribution to create young entrepreneurs.

Kecerdasan Emosional, Motivasi Berprestasi, dan Self-esteem serta Pengaruhnya terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Guru

&lt;p&gt;This study aims to determine and analyze:1) the effect of emotional intelligence on teaher’s job satisfaction, 2) the effect of achievement motivation on teaher’s job satisfaction. 3) the effect of self-esteem on teaher’s job satisfaction. 4) the effect of simultaneous emotional intelligence, achievement motivation, and self-esteem on teaher’s job satisfaction. This type of research is quantitative research with expost facto approach. This research was conducted at Public Elementary School in Sub-districts Kindang. The population in this study were all teacher totaling 199 people. The sample of the study was 67 teachers. Data collection techniques using questionnaire and documentation techniques. Data analysis techniques are carried out after data from all respondents or other data sources are collected with analytical activities including test prerequisite analysis and hypothesis testing (multiple linear regression). The results of the study show that: 1) emotional intelligence had a positive and significant effect on teaher’s job satisfaction, 2) achievement motivation had a positive and significant effect on teaher’s job satisfaction. 3) self-esteem had a positive and significant effect on teaher’s job satisfaction. 4) overall, emotional intelligence, achievement motivation, and self-esteem had a positive and significant effect on teaher’s job satisfaction.&lt;/p&gt;

The Relationship Between Achievement Motivation and Academic Flow in Middle School Students of Muhammadiyah 8 Tanggulangin Sidoarjo during the Covid-19 Pandemic

This study aims to determine the relationship between achievement motivation and academic flow in students of Muhammadiyah Junior High School 8 Tanggulangin Sidoarjo during the Covid-19 pandemic. Academic flow is influenced by several factors, one of which is achievement motivation. This type of research is quantitative research with a correlational approach. The variables in this study are achievement motivation as the independent variable and academic flow as the dependent variable. The population in this study were 174 students. The sampling technique used is a non-probability sampling technique in the form of saturated sampling so that the number of samples is 174. Collecting data using a psychological scale with the Likert scale model, namely the achievement motivation scale and the academic flow scale. Data analysis of this research used Pearson Product Moment correlation technique with the help of the SPSS 16.0 for windows program. Based on the results of the correlation analysis, the correlation coefficient rxy = 0.466 (significance 0.000 &lt;0.05) which means that the researcher's hypothesis is accepted, namely there is a positive relationship between achievement motivation and academic flow in students of Muhammadiyah Junior High School 8 Tanggulangin Sidoarjo. The higher the student's achievement motivation, the higher the academic flow. Conversely, the lower the student's achievement motivation, the lower the academic flow. The effect of achievement motivation on academic flow is 19.5%.