Effect Of Fertilization Research Articles

Not just semantics: CO2 fertilization can be a disturbance leading to worldwide forest degradation

Societal Impact StatementThe physiological effects of increased atmospheric CO2 (CO2 fertilization) on intact forests are generally seen as a process that might buffer them against the impacts of climate change. However, CO2 fertilization can also cause adverse changes in forest conditions, such as alterations in species composition and reduced ecosystem moisture availability. Because of this, we argue that the effect of CO2 fertilization is a disturbance that leads to changes in the functioning of worldwide forests and causes low‐intensity degradation of these ecosystems. This demonstrates that even the most remote forests in the world have been altered by human action via CO2 fertilization, and the responsibility for their integrity must be shared globally.

Effect of Zinc and Iron Fertilization on Productivity of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) under Rainfed Agro-ecologies of Jammu

Effect of Zinc and Iron Fertilization on Productivity of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) under Rainfed Agro-ecologies of Jammu

Effect of straw retention and mineral fertilization on P speciation and P-transformation microorganisms in water- extractable colloids of a Vertisol

Effect of straw retention and mineral fertilization on P speciation and P-transformation microorganisms in water- extractable colloids of a Vertisol

How does forest fertilization influence tree productivity of boreal forests? An analysis of data from commercial forestry across Sweden.

Forest fertilization is a forest management practice that is often claimed to increase productivity in boreal forests. Although regarded as an efficient way to increase profitability, it is also costly, and associated with risks such as biodiversity loss and nitrogen leaching from the soil. To be both cost-efficient and sustainable, potential enhanced productivity due to fertilization should be balanced against the adverse environmental impact. One effective strategy is to limit fertilization to sites where it can most significantly increase tree productivity, while avoiding application in less suitable areas. However, the current understanding of the specific conditions under which forest fertilization optimally stimulates tree growth is limited. To clarify this, we analysed standing tree volume from 32,498 recently harvested fertilized and unfertilized stands from Sweden's largest forest owner. We applied generalized additive models to quantify the effect of fertilization on standing tree volume at harvest and how the fertilization effect depended on dominant tree species, stand characteristics (site index, stem density), climatic conditions (temperature sum), and management (thinning, stand age at harvest). We found that the effect of operational fertilization was highly context-dependent. In pine-dominated stands, fertilization failed to increase tree volumes in cold climates and low-productive stands. In spruce-dominated stands, fertilization did not result in increased tree volumes in low-productive and high-productive stands. For a more sustainable and cost-efficient application of this practice we suggest that the context dependency of the efficiency of fertilization is given more attention. Hence, we recommend to refrain from fertilizing pine-dominated stands situated on low-productive land or in regions with cold climates, such as those found in northern Sweden.

Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on the growth and qualitative attributes of Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis L.)

Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on the growth and qualitative attributes of Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis L.)

Depth weakens effects of long-term fertilization on dissolved organic matter chemodiversity in paddy soils.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is pivotal for soil biogeochemical processes, soil fertility, and ecosystem stability. While numerous studies have investigated the impact of fertilization practices on DOM content along soil profiles, variations in DOM chemodiversity and the underlying factors across soil profiles under long-term fertilization regimes remain unclear. Using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) and high-throughput sequencing, this study investigated DOM composition characteristics and microbial community compositions across different soil layers (0-20, 20-40, 40-60, and 60-100cm) in paddy soil under different long-term fertilization treatments, including Control (no fertilizer), NPK (mineral NPK fertilizer), NPKHS (NPK fertilizer with half straw return), and NPKS (NPK fertilizer with full straw return). The results revealed that fertilization regimes significantly increased soil TC, TN, and NO3- contents, as well as DOM chemodiversity in the top soil layer, particularly under NPKHS and NPKS treatments. Both the DOM chemodiversity and bacterial diversity decreased with soil depth. However, below 0-20cm, DOM chemodiversity was not significantly affected by fertilization treatments. Co-occurrence network analysis further showed that microbial decomposition primarily drove the changes in DOM composition across soil profile. Overall, our study suggests that long-term NPK fertilization and straw return significantly increased DOM chemodiversity only in the top layer of paddy soil by regulating soil TC, TN, and NO3- contents. Our study provides useful information regarding the vertical molecular composition of DOM and enhances the understanding of DOM chemodiversity along soil profile in rice paddy ecosystems.

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on the Quality of Colored Cotton Fibers in the Brazilian Semi-Arid Region

ABSTRACT Naturally colored fiber cotton has fibers that present natural colors without the need for dyeing processes or dye application. Low nitrogen availability during production can affect fiber quality. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the fiber quality of naturally colored cotton cultivars as a function of nitrogen fertilization. The research was conducted in an experimental field at the Federal Rural University of Semiarid, Northeast Brazil. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, with four replications, in a split-plot scheme. Five nitrogen rates were distributed in the experimental plots, and four naturally colored fiber cotton cultivars were distributed the subplots. The following parameters were evaluated: fiber percentage, fiber length, length uniformity, short-fiber index, strength fiber, fiber elongation, micronaire, fiber maturity, and count strength product. BRS Topázio excelled in most fiber quality characteristics. The 100 kg ha−1 of N and 150 kg ha−1 increase the fiber quality of the cultivars BRS Safira, BRS Topázio, and BRS Rubi. The dose of 200 kg ha−1 of N improved the fiber quality of the BRS Verde cultivar. Nitrogen fertilization positively influenced the fiber quality of naturally colored cotton.

The effect of nitrogen fertilization and the use of biostimulators on the chemical composition of grains of two varieties of corn (Zea mays L.).

The aim of the research was to determine the impact of the use of biostimulators and different nitrogen doses on the yield quality of two varieties of corn grown for grain. The field experiment was carried out in 2015-2017 on an individual farm located in north-eastern Poland (52°30'N and 22°26'E). The following factors were examined in the experiment: group I-two corn varieties: PR38N86 (280 FAO); P8400 (240 FAO) group II-four doses of nitrogen fertilization: control treatment-without nitrogen application (0 kg·ha-1 N) nitrogen doses-80 kg·ha-1 N, 120 kg·ha-1 N, 160 kg·ha-1 N, group III-four types of biostimulators used: (1) control treatment-without the use of a biostimulator, (2) biostimulator containing sodium ortho-nitrophenol, sodium para-nitrophenol, 5-nitroguaiacol sodium, (3) biostimulator containing potassium para-nitrophenolate, potassium ortho-nitrophenolate, potassium 5-nitrovacollate, (4) biostimulator containing molybdenum, zinc. Different doses of nitrogen used in the experiment contributed to an increase in the total protein content in the grain of the tested corn varieties compared to the control treatment. The highest significant increase in protein content by an average of 18.96 g∙kg-1 was obtained after the application of 160 kg N∙ha-1, and after the application of 120 kg N∙ha-1 the value of this feature increased on average by 17.18 kg N∙ha-1. Nitrogen fertilization reduced the starch content and increased the fat content in the tested corn varieties. The lowest starch content was found after the application of 120 kg N∙ha-1 and 160 kg N∙ha-1, while the highest fat content was found in grain tested with 120 kg N∙ha-1. The highest protein content was demonstrated after the use of a biostimulator containing sodium ortho-nitrophenol, sodium para-nitrophenol, and sodium 5-nitroguaiacol. The biostimulators used increased the starch and fat content in the grain of the tested varieties, and the differences between them were statistically insignificant. After using a biostimulator containing sodium ortho-nitrophenol, sodium para-nitrophenol, sodium 5-nitroguaiacol, the protein content increased by an average of 6.0%. The biostimulators used increased the starch and fat content in the grain of the tested varieties, and the differences between them were statistically insignificant. The medium-early variety with FAO 240 was characterized by a higher content of total protein (on average by 7.95 g∙kg-1) and crude fat (on average by 1.5 g∙kg-1) compared to the medium-late variety. All tested varieties were distinguished by the highest concentration of total protein and crude fat in the second, optimal year of the study. The lowest protein content was found in the last year of the study with the highest annual rainfall and the lowest average air temperature, and crude fat content was found in a relatively dry growing season. The opposite tendency was obtained in the case of starch content in the grain of the tested varieties.

Effects of potassium fertilization on grain yield, taste quality, and starch characteristics of rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain.

There is limited information on the effect of potassium (K) on the taste quality of rice. Field experiments with five K fertilizer application rates (0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg K2O ha-1) were conducted in 2019 and 2020 using two cultivars (Xiadao No. 1 and Shenliangyou 5814) to study the effects of K fertilization on grain yield, taste quality, starch components, and protein components in grains. Compared with a no-potassium treatment (K0), K fertilization increased the grain yield significantly: by 57.29% for Xiadao No. 1 and 33.51% for Shenliangyou 5814. It did this mainly by increasing the number of rice spikelets per panicle and improving the seed-setting rate. K fertilizationimproved the taste value by 12.64% for Xiadao No. 1 and 10.83% for Shenliangyou 5814. Starch components, protein components, and viscosity parameters were also influenced by K fertilization. With increased K application, the amylose content and the ratio of amylose content to amylopectin content tended to increase. K fertilization increased the peak viscosity and cool paste viscosity, while decreasing the prolamin content and pasting temperature. Principal component analysis highlighted the importance of amylose content and the ratio of amylose content to amylopectin content in determining taste value, texture, and appearance. Applying 180 kg K2O ha-1 of K fertilizer ensured high rice yields and taste quality, providing a basis for the production of high-yield and high-quality rice. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Effects of Long-Term Nitrogen Fertilization on Nitrous Oxide Emission and Yield in Acidic Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) Plantation Soils

The responses of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions to nitrogen (N) application in acidic, perennial agricultural systems, and the factors driving these emissions, remain poorly understood. To address this gap, a 12-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different N application rates (0, 112.5, 225, and 450 kg N ha−1 yr−1) on N2O emissions, tea yield, and the associated driving factors in a tea plantation. The study found that soil pH significantly decreased with long-term N application, dropping by 0.32 to 0.85 units. Annual tea yield increased significantly, by 148–243%. N application also elevated N2O emission fluxes by 33–277%, with notable seasonal fluctuations observed. N2O flux was positively correlated with N rates, water-filled pore space (WFPS), soil temperature (Tsoil), and inorganic N (NH4+-N and NO3−-N), while showing a negative correlation with soil pH. Random forest (RF) modeling identified WFPS, N rates, and Tsoil as the most important variables influencing N2O flux. The cumulative N2O emissions for N112.5, N225, and N450 were 1584, 2791, and 45,046 g N ha−2, respectively, representing increases of 1.33, 2.34, and 3.77 times compared to N0. The N2O-N emission factors (EF) were 0.35%, 0.71%, and 0.74%, respectively, and increased with higher N rates. These findings highlight the importance of selecting appropriate fertilization timing and improving water and fertilizer management as key strategies for mitigating soil acidification, enhancing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and reducing N2O emissions in acidic tea-plantation systems. This study offers a theoretical foundation for developing rational N fertilizer management practices and strategies aimed at reducing N2O emissions in tea-plantation soils.

Effects of Reseeding and Fertilization on Bacterial Communities in Rhizosphere Soil of Alpine Degraded Grassland

Reseeding and fertilization are common ecological restoration measures in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Region for degraded grasslands, yet their impacts on rhizospheric bacterial communities remain unclear. This study utilized high-throughput sequencing technology to systematically investigate the characteristics of rhizospheric soil bacterial communities in degraded high-altitude grasslands managed with reseeding and fertilization. The results indicated a significant decrease in the Shannon and Simpson indices with fertilization treatment, while the reseeding + fertilization treatment exhibited the most pronounced impact on community structure. Actinomycetota, Pseudomonadota, and Acidobacteriota were the dominant phyla in the rhizosphere bacterial community. There was a decrease in network complexity and an increase in stability within bacterial communities with the reseeding, fertilization, and fertilization + reseeding treatments. The networks were predominantly characterized by positive correlations after fertilization, reseeding, and fertilization + reseeding treatments, involving key species like Pseudomonadota, Actinomycetota, and Acidobacteriota. Mantel tests revealed that soil total nitrogen （TN）, total phosphorus （TP）, available potassium （AK）, and nitrate nitrogen （NO3--N） were the key environmental factors in driving bacterial community composition. The study of the rhizosphere soil bacterial community in alpine degraded grassland can provide a theoretical basis for tailored management strategies in the restoration of degraded high-altitude grasslands and lays a scientific foundation for their conservation.

Response to chemical and organic fertilization in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Mejhoul variety in Northwestern Mexico

This research was conducted to determine the effect of chemical, organic, and combined fertilization on the fruit yield of the Mejhoul date palm variety in Northwestern of Mexico. The variables measured were polar diameter, equatorial diameter of the fruit, roundness index, number of clusters, number of leaves per palm, number of leaves per cluster, fruits with separated skin, dried fruits and commercial yield. The design used was complete randomized blocks with five replicates, where each palm tree was the experimental unit. The results indicate that chemical fertilization 262N-138P2O5-540K2O alone or in combination with compost application (three or six tons per hectare) increases polar and equatorial diameter, promoting the oval growth of dates. Fruits with separated skin continue to occur regardless of the origin of the fertilizers. The number of fruits increases with chemical fertilization, but the total yield of dates remains consistent across the treatments evaluated. In conclusion, date palms respond favorably to the combination of chemical and organic fertilization, but date yields did not increase.

Evaluation of the Effects of Drought Stress and Nitrogen-Sulfur Fertilization on Productivity and Yield Parameters of Spring Wheat

Evaluation of the Effects of Drought Stress and Nitrogen-Sulfur Fertilization on Productivity and Yield Parameters of Spring Wheat

Enhancement of yield and functional quality of Brassica microgreens: Effects of fertilization and substrate

Enhancement of yield and functional quality of Brassica microgreens: Effects of fertilization and substrate

Effect of Nitrogen Management and Silicon Fertilization on Crops

Nitrogen management has a substantial impact on crop growth stages and yields. Split nitrogen administration at specific growth stages improves nutrient utilization, reduce losses and increase yield. Several studies have shown that applying nitrogen in fractions throughout the life cycle improves nutrient uptake efficiency while minimizing environmental contamination. Proper judicious nitrogen application impacts soil properties by affecting nutrient availability. Nitrogen management based on the Leaf Color Chart (LCC) is successful in terms of optimizing nitrogen delivery and enhancing yield characteristics. Silicon fertilization has shown encouraging outcomes in terms of plant growth, yield, and stress tolerance across a variety of crops. Silicon also improves the soil features such as nutrient availability and pH regulation, resulting in increased plant nutrient uptake. The interaction effects of silicon with other nutrients show synergistic effects that improve nutrient absorption and yield. Silicon interacts with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and other nutrients, which promotes crop performance and nutrient efficiency. Application of nitrogen and silicon management strategies can boost crop yield, nutrient efficiency, and sustainability in agricultural systems. However, additional research is needed to understand the intricate mechanisms behind the interactions of nitrogen, silicon, and other nutrients in crop-soil systems to develop more effective nutrient management strategies. This review deals with different aspects of nitrogen fertilization in crops and simultaneous silicon application and interaction among both. The aspects of growth parameters, yield attributes, yield, economics, soil characteristics and efficiency studies have been assessed.

Effects of genetic and environmental trends from 1970 to 2020 on farm efficiency estimated with a whole farm modeling system

The objectives of this study were to evaluate associations of genetic, cow management and nutrition, inbreeding, and crop yields from 1970 to 2020 with measures of production and economic efficiency according to a whole farm model, and to evaluate effects of genetic change in individual traits on economic efficiency in comparison to expectations from economic selection indexes. Genetic and phenotypic performance metrics for Holsteins from 1970 and 2020 were retrieved and input into the Integrated Farm System Model (IFSM) for a 7000 cow TX herd and a 50 cow PA grazing herd. Crop yields estimates from 1970 and 2020 were retrieved and farm hectarage was altered so that forage and energy concentrate requirements were met through farm production; likewise, scenarios evaluating effects of atmospheric CO2 fertilization (CO2F) on crop yield were evaluated by altering farm hectarage. For single traits that could be dynamically modeled by IFSM, performance shifts and resulting change in product prices or management expenses were added to 1970 base models. Economic efficiency was evaluated as the per cow return to management and unpaid factors as compared with 1970 base models. As averaged across state scenarios, gains in economic efficiency were +$945 and -$76 for additive genetic and inbreeding effects, respectively, for a total gain from genetic change of +$869. Genetic gain in fat yield (+$549) and protein yield (+$524) were responsible for most of the genetic gain, whereas milk yield (-$128) and increased cow BW (-$129) depressed economic efficiency. Genetic change in productive life had a smaller effect (+$44) than predicted unless heifers were purchased and at double the default value. Gains due to cow management and nutrition increased efficiency by +$666 and crop yield increased efficiency by +$711, of which +$371 was attributed to CO2F across scenarios. Whole farm dry matter efficiencies derived as the ratio of fat and protein corrected milk yield to dry matter intake increased from 0.82 (PA) and 0.97 (TX) in 1970 to 1.20 in 2020 and could be higher if farms reduce the size of their replacement herd by producing beef calves. The landmass required in 2020 was 63% and 78% of the 1970 requirement for TX and PA, respectively. Changes in cow genetic merit, management and nutrition, and crop yields have all increased the economic and environmental sustainability of milk production, and systems such as IFSM could be a useful tool to help inform economic selection indices.

Effect of plant density and nitrogen fertilization on the productivity of some yellow maize hybrids

Effect of plant density and nitrogen fertilization on the productivity of some yellow maize hybrids

Effects of potassium and boron fertilization on sunflower yield, oil content, and quality

Effects of potassium and boron fertilization on sunflower yield, oil content, and quality

Effect of Chemical and Organic Fertilization on Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics in Coffee Production in Ghana

Effect of Chemical and Organic Fertilization on Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics in Coffee Production in Ghana

The Influence of Sowing Density and Nitrogen Fertilization on the Yielding and Main Technological Features of Some Hemp Varieties

ABSTRACT The experiments aimed to determine the effect of sowing density and nitrogen fertilization on the panicle yield morphological features of plants in selected cultivars of fiber hemp. A three-factor field experiment in 2014–2016 at the Experimental Station of the Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants in Pętkowo (52°20’ N, 17°25’ E, Poland) was conducted. The study included monoecious cultivar (“Futura 75,” “KC Dora” and “Tygra”), sowing density (60 germinating seeds·1 m2 and 180 germinating seeds·1 m2), and nitrogen fertilization (0, 30, 60, 90 kg·ha−1). The sowing density modified the overall length of the stem, the technical length of the stem, and the diameter of the stem, and higher values of the features mentioned above were obtained with a lower assumed plant density, i.e. 60 germinating seeds·1 m2. Nitrogen fertilization over the three-year study period did not significantly modify the yield of hemp panicles. The tested varieties differed in productivity, the highest panicle yield was found in the “Futura 75.”