EEG Biofeedback Treatment Research Articles

Analysis of the therapeutic effect of pestle needle and EEG biofeedback and methylphenidate in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

This research aimed to analyze the therapeutic effect of the pestle needle combined with electroencephalogram (EEG) biofeedback and methylphenidate in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Seventy-eight children with ADHD were selected and randomized into a control group and an observation group (n = 39 each). The control group received EEG biofeedback and methylphenidate treatment, whereas the observation group received pestle needle therapy on this basis. Both groups received continuous treatment for 3 mo. The clinical efficacy, scores of Conners Parents Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ), Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA-CPT), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), EEG θ/β changes in values, serum indicators such as adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol (CORT), and incidence of adverse reactions were compared in the two groups. The total effective rate of the observation group was 92.31% (36/39), which was higher than the control group's 69.23% (27/39) (P < 0.05). After treatment, reduced PSQ scores, PSQI scores, EEG θ/β values, and ACTH levels and elevated IVA-CPT and CORT levels were observed in both groups; the observation group had the best improvement effect after treatment (P < 0.05). Pestle needle combined with EEG biofeedback and methylphenidate in the treatment of ADHD children can elevate the IVA-CPT score, improve EEG waves and sleep quality, regulate serum indicators such as ACTH and CORT, reduce behavioral problem scores, and have high efficacy and safety.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The pestle needle combined with EEG biofeedback and methylphenidate in ADHD children can elevate the IVA-CPT score. The pestle needle combined with EEG biofeedback and methylphenidate in ADHD children can improve EEG waves. The pestle needle combined with EEG biofeedback and methylphenidate in ADHD children can improve sleep quality. The pestle needle combined with EEG biofeedback and methylphenidate in ADHD children can regulate serum indicators.

Randomized controlled trial of adjunctive EEG-biofeedback treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

BackgroundCurrent interventions for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are often of limited benefit. Aim:To evaluate the effect of adjunctive treatment with EEG biofeedback training on the symptoms and cognitive functioning of individuals with OCD. AimTo evaluate the effect of adjunctive treatment with EEG biofeedback training on the symptoms and cognitive functioning of individuals with OCD. MethodsA total of 79 individuals with OCD were randomly assigned to the study group (n=40) or the control group (n=39). The control group was treated using a combination of sertraline (50 to 200 mg/d) and weekly cognitive behavioral therapy sessions by trained therapists for 8 weeks; the study group was treated using the same regimen plus EEG biofeedback sessions 5 times per week. The Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) was administered by a psychiatrist who was blind to patients’ treatment status before treatment and at the end of the 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th week for treatment; the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) was administered before and after the 8-week trial.ResultsThree individuals dropped out of the study group and four dropped out of the control group (χ2=0.186, p=0.712). At the end of the study, treatment was considered effective in 32 of the 37 (86.5%) participants in the study group and in 22 of the 35 (62.9%) participants in the control group (χ2=5.36, p=0.021). Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that the improvement in OCD symptoms was greater in the study group than the control group by the 6th week of treatment. At the end of the trial all 5 cognitive dimensions assessed by the RBANS were significantly better in study groups subjects than in control group subjects and the changes in the YBOCS score were significantly correlated with changes in the RBANS overall score in the study group (r=0.43, p=0.007), but not in the control group (r=0.171, p=0.327).ConclusionsThis methodologically rigorous study demonstrates that 8 weeks of adjunctive treatment with EEG biofeedback training can significantly improve the clinical symptoms and cognitive functioning of OCD patients being treated with medication and psychotherapy. Further work is needed to assess the long-term effects of biofeedback training and the need for booster sessions after an initial period of training.

P.2.f.002 The effect of EEG biofeedback on electrophysiological disturbances and symptoms in patients with depressive disorder

Background and Purpose: In EEG studies of depression, an abnormal pattern of asymmetric activity in the frontal regions from relative hyperactivity over the right frontal regions and/or relative hypoactivity over the left frontal regions has frequently been observed [1]. It has been suggested that EEG biofeedback could contribute normalization of EEG activity in depressed patient safely [2]. According to the recent paper [3], 21 clinical studies reported on EEG biofeedback treatment in patients with depressive disorders, and there have been only six original articles. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of EEG biofeedback on electrophysiological disturbances and depressive symptoms in patient with depressive disorders. Method: 20 participants were recruited from July, 2009 to July, 2012 in a university hospital. Treatment protocol was twice or three times a week training of left hemisphere beta at F3 with alpha/theta training at Pz for 8 weeks. The neurocybernetics model of neurocybernetics company was used for EEG biofeedback training. In beta training, the reward band ranged from 15Hz to 18Hz. In alpha-theta training, the patients were trained to reduce the alpha level above 12 mV (peak-to-peak) while augmenting theta. The theta (5Hz-8Hz) and alpha (8Hz-12Hz) were reward bands. EEG was recorded by a complexity ver 2 of LAXTHA at 8 scalp locations according to the international 10/20 system. All placements were referenced to A1 or A2. We compared baseline and 8 week scores of Hamilton rating scale for Depression (HAM-D), Hamilton rating scale for Anxiety (HAM-A), Clinical global impression-severity (CGI-S) and we also compared before and after treatment resting state EEG. Interhemispheric alpha power asymmetry, called A score, was computed for homologous sites F3-F4. An asymmetry metric (A score) was computed for each epoch by subtracting logtransformed alpha power of the left midfrontal site from logtransformed alpha power of the right site (logR − log L). Negative A score means more depressed state. Results: Pre and post training clinical assessment reveals that there were significant improvement in HAM-D (p< 0.01), HAM-A (p< 0.01) and CGI-S score (p< 0.01). Asymmetry scores increased after training. In other words the negativity decreased after training. As alpha power inversely correlates with the activity of the corresponding brain area and the increase in the asymmetry score meant relative dominance on the left frontal area. But it was not statistically significant. Conclusion: EEG biofeedback treatment could improve depressive symptoms significantly. Also anxiety symptoms and functional impairment decreased after EEG biofeedback treatment. There are several limitations of this study such as small sample size, lack of control group. But this study demonstrates the significant effects of EEG Biofeedback in objective & subjective rating scales for adult patients with depressive disorders. Double blinded large controlled studies are needed in the future.

Effect of EEG biofeedback treatment in children with ADHD and nursing guidence

Objective To explore the effect of EEG biofeedback treatment on children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods EEG biofeedback treatment was applied to 30 children with ADHD as the initial treatment for 20 times.SNAP-Ⅳ scale was adopted to evaluate the effect before and after treatment.Results After treatment,the scores of SNAP-Ⅳ scale,attention factor and hyperactivity factor were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.01;P ＜ 0.05; P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion EEG biofeedback training is an effective treatment for the ADHD children as the initial treatment,with high satisfaction of parents,it' s definite guidence significance in clinic treatment. Key words: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); EEG biofeedback; Children

The Relation Between Memory Improvement and QEEG Changes in Three Clinical Groups as a Result of EEG Biofeedback Treatment

It is important to understand the relation between changes in the quantitative EEG (QEEG) variables and memory changes as a result of the EEG biofeedback treatment. With this goal in mind, the senior author reviewed his clinical files from the last 5 years and examined the QEEG data addressing relative power and coherence changes and memory (auditory and reading) improvements. The groups involved included (a) normal individuals wanting to improve their cognitive functioning, (b) traumatic brain injured (TBI) subjects, and (c) + (d) subjects who can best be classified as having a specific learning disability (SLD). The SLD group was divided between those who are (c) older than 14 (adults) and those who are (d) younger than 14 (children) in order to reference the appropriate age-related normative group values. The analysis revealed significant improvements in auditory and reading memory across all groups as well as changes on the QEEG variables. All of the groups were performing above the normative referenc...

Therapeutic evaluation of biofeedback treatment on ADHD with IVA-CPT multi-quotients

Objective To investigate the curative effect of biofeedback treatment on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) patients using integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test ( IVA-CPT).Methods 23 ADHD patients undertaked 20 times of EEG biofeedback treatment using VBFB-3000A facility.Their executive and attention quotients were measured before and after treatment by IVA-CPT.Results The pre-therapy full scale of response control and attention quotients of ADHD were 58.26 ± 32.9 and 54.43 ±34.01 respectively.After the therapy, all the quotients got improved (response control 99.3 ± 12.6, attention 84.1 ± 15.9 ) except for stamina and speed quotients both in visual and in auditory.Conclusion Shortterm EEG biofeedback treatment is one of effective methods for ADHD patients,especially for hyperactive cases. Key words: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; Integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test; EEG biofeedback treatment

Effect of EEG biofeedback on serum β-EP and BDNF of children with comorbidity of ADHD and learning disorder

Objective To investigate the effect of EEG biofeedback treatment on serum β-EP and BDNF of children with comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)and learning disorder.Methods Forty-eight children(ages 6～12)with comorbidity of ADHD and learning disorder diagnosed according to ICD-10 received 40 sessions of EEG biofeedback treatment.Feedback was contigent on enhancing 16～20Hz beta activity and suppressing 4～8 Hz theta activity.Serum levels of β-endorphin and BDNF were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results After treatment significante decreases were observed in the EEG ratio of the theta/beta and theta/SMR(P＜0.01).The mean concentration of serum β-EP increased significantly [(180.29±32.38)pg/ml Vs(191.01±22.85)pg/ml,t=3.86,P＜0.01].The mean concentration of serum BDNF had no significant change[(6.12 ±6.44)ng/ml Vs(4.40±3.68)ng/ml,t=1.71,P＞0.05].Conclusion It seems that highly β-EP levels play a role in the EEG biofeedback treatment pathogenesis of comorbidity of ADHD and learning disorder Key words: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Leaming disorder; EEG biofeedback; β-Endorphin; BDNF

The EEG and ADHD: Reply to Monastra

The EEG and ADHD: Reply to MonastraSandra K. LooSandra K. Loo1. UCLA Neuropsychiatric Institute, Los Angeles, CA.Search for more papers by this authorPublished Online:May 2005https://doi.org/10.1521/adhd.12.1.9.28315PDFPDF PLUS ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations AboutReferencesChabot , R. A., Merkin, H., Wood, L. M., Davenport, T. L., & Serfontein, G. (1996a). Sensitivity and specificity of QEEG in children with attention deficit or specific developmental learning disorders. Clinical Electroencephalography, 27, 26–34. Crossref, Google ScholarChabot , R. A. & Serfontein, G. (1996b). Quantitative electroencephalographic profiles of children with attention deficit disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 40, 951–963. Crossref, Google ScholarChambless , D. L. & Hollon, S. D. (1998). Defining empirically supported therapies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66 (1), 7–18. Crossref, Google ScholarFine , A. H., Goldman, L., & Sandford, J. (August 1994). Innovative techniques in the treatment of ADHD: An analysis of the impact of EEG biofeedback training and a cognitive computer-generated training. Paper presented at the American Psychological Association convention, Los Angeles, CA. Google ScholarFuchs , T., Birbaumer, N., Lutzenhberger, W., Gruzelier, J. H., & Kaiser, J. (2003). Neurofeedback treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children: A comparison with methylphenidate. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 28 (1), 1–12. Crossref, Google ScholarJohn , E. R., Prichep, L., Ahn, H., Easton, P., Fridman, J., & Kaye, H. (1983). Neurometric evaluation of cognitive dysfunctions and neurological disorders in children. Progress in Neurobiology, 21, 239–290. Crossref, Google ScholarLinden , M., Habib, T., & Radojevic, V. (1996). A controlled study of the effects of EEG biofeedback on cognition and behavior of children with attention deficit disorder and learning disabilities. Biofeedback & Self Regulation, 21(1), 35–49. Crossref, Google ScholarLoo , S. K, (2003). EEG and neurofeedback findings in ADHD. The ADHD Report, 11(3), 1–6. Link, Google ScholarMonastra , V. J., Lubar, J. F., Linden, M., VanDeusen, P., Green, G., Wing, W., Phillips, A., & Fenger, T. N. (1999). Assessing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder via quantitative electroencephalography: An initial validation study. Neuropsychology, 13(3), 424–433. Crossref, Google Scholar Previous article Next article FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 12Issue 1Feb 2004 Information© The Guilford Press.PDF download

EEG Biofeedback Treatment of ADD

Literature searches dating back to 1968 were conducted through Psychlit and Medline services to review the scientific literature on EEG biofeedback treatment of ADD. While anecdotal and case reports cite promising evidence, methodological problems coupled with a paucity of research precludes any definitive conclusions as to the efficacy of enhanced alpha and hemisphere-specific EEG biofeedback training. One of the more promising EEG biofeedback treatment paradigms involves theta/beta training. Studies have reported that academic, intellectual, and behavioral gains have been attained with this approach. Significant behavioral and cognitive changes have also been reported following SMR training. However, research into these treatment approaches has also been marred by methodological inadequacies and lack of sufficient follow-up studies. A number of recommendations for future research into this treatment approach are made.

EEG operant conditioning (biofeedback) and traumatic brain injury.

A review is presented of the currently sparse literature about EEG operant conditioning or biofeedback as a treatment to reduce symptomology and patient complaints following a traumatic brain injury. The paper also evaluates the general use of quantitative EEG (QEEG) to assess traumatic brain injury and to facilitate EEG biofeedback treatment. The use of an age matched reference normative QEEG database and QEEG discriminant function are presented as a method to evaluate the nature or neurological basis of a patient's complaints as well as to individualize an efficient and optimal feedback protocol and to help evaluate the efficacy of the biofeedback therapy. Univariate and multivariate statistical issues are discussed, different classes of experimental designs are described and then a "double blind" research study is proposed in an effort to encourage future research in the area of EEG biofeedback for the treatment and rehabilitation of traumatic brain injury.

A Review of EEG Biofeedback Treatment of Anxiety Disorders

Alpha, theta and alpha-theta enhancements are effective treatments of the anxiety disorders (Table 1). Alpha suppression is also effective, but less so (Table 2). Perceived success in carrying out the task plays an important role in clinical improvement. Research is needed to find out how much more effective they are than placebo, and which variables are important for efficacy. Variables needing study are: duration of treatment, type and severity of anxiety, number and type of EEG waveforms used, pretreatment with other kinds of feedback, position and number of electrodes, and presence of concomitant medication.

Neurofeedback treatment of pseudoseizure disorder

Background: Previous research has shown that the suppression of theta wave activity and the enhancement of sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) through electroencephalographic (EEG) biofeedback is an effective treatment for epilepsy. The current research reports the results of EEG biofeedback treatment for patients presenting with seizure behaviors in the absence of eliptiform EEG activity. Methods: In addition to psychotherapy, 3 patients, 2 women and 1 man, were trained, using EEG feedback once per week, to reduce the ratio of theta band to SMR band EEG amplitudes. Results: The results showed that reductions in seizure activity were related to reductions in the theta–SMR ratio. Conclusions: These findings support the view that theta–SMR feedback training, in conjunction with psychotherapy, is an effective adjunctive treatment for pseudoseizure disorder.

Regarding the database for the Peniston alpha-theta EEG biofeedback protocol.

Five papers by Peniston and colleagues, which constitute the basic literature for alpha-theta EEG biofeedback treatment for alcoholism and posttraumatic stress disorder, are reviewed. As a result, we raise three questions: (a) Are the samples studied independent? (b) What was the clinical status of the participants prior to treatment? (c) What treatment did the participants actually receive? In seeking answers to these questions we aim to strengthen the database for neurofeedback with specific procedural information so that claims of efficacy can be tested and accepted or rejected on an objective basis.

Wechsler (wisc-r) changes following treatment of learning disabilities via eeg biofeedback raining in a private practice setting

Abstract This paper presents Wechsler (WISC-R) profiles and changes following the application of an EEG biofeedback treatment regimen for brain-based learning disabilities. EEG biofeedback trained increases in activation (increased amplitude of 14 Hz brainwave energy) of the central and sensorimotor cortex's neural activation network resulted in increases in bihemispheric skills (complementary verbal-expressive and visual-motor abilities) Prerequisite to a successful learning posture, the acquisition of reading, and integration of higher-order learning. Enhanced/normalized academic, physical, and psychophysiological abilities were reflected in changes in brainwave energy signature and WISC-R data. Brainwave signatures and WISC-R profiles “normalised” as a result of training with significant remediation of learning disorders. There was significant growth in WISC-R Full Scale (FS), Verbal, and Performance IQ scores, reflecting improved brain function end resultant test performance, with a “normalisation” of...

Correlates of alpha, beta and theta wave production

Studied the correlations of alpha, beta and theta time densities with psychological and psychophysiological variables in a psychiatric population (N = 76). The correlations of the EEG variables with measures of adjustment were small and barely exceeded chance expectations. Alpha and beta were correlated positively with pain threshold, while beta was related inversely to blood pressure. Theta was correlated positively with blood pressure and negatively with pulse rate. The implications of these findings for EEG biofeedback treatment were discussed.