EDX Investigations Research Articles

Critical current degradation of commercial REBCO coated conductors under thermomechanical loads

Abstract The process to obtain a superconducting joint between Coated Conductors (CCs) involves the simultaneous application of temperature and transverse compressive pressure to promote the joining of the two adjacent REBCO layers. We performed experiments to simulate this procedure by subjecting samples from commercial CCs to different combinations of pressure, and temperature. The objective was to understand the effects of the thermomechanical cycles on the critical current (Ic) and, therefore, determine the upper limit for the achievable current in a superconducting joint between CCs. We observed a reduction of the Ic across the investigated parameter range that is accelerated at higher temperatures and pressures. For instance, the average reduction of Ic measured at 77 K in self-field varied from 45% to 90% when increasing the pressure for samples heated at 820 °C, as compared to samples heated at the same temperature without applied pressure. As a complement to electrical transport measurements, we carried out TEM and EDX investigations to study the relation between the degradation of Ic and alterations in the microstructure of REBCO. These analyses indicate that the concurrent application of temperature and pressure accelerates the decomposition of the REBCO phase. The EDX data suggests that the decomposition products could correspond with a peritectic reaction of the REBCO occurring at lower temperatures, accelerated by the presence of an external pressure. This early decomposition occurs in localized areas of the REBCO layer, constricting the available cross-section for current flow and thereby diminishing the critical current.

Calcined Nickel Oxide Nanostructures at Different Temperatures Onto Graphite for Efficient Electro‐Oxidation of Ethylene Glycol in Basic Electrolyte

ABSTRACTFabricating a highly active and stable nanocatalyst material displays a great concern when constructing a commercially viable ethylene glycol (EG) fuel cell. Herein, nickel oxide nanostructures were grown onto graphite (NO/T) using coprecipitation and calcination protocol at different temperatures. Techniques for XRD, TEM, SEM, and EDX investigations were used to look into the produced crystal planes, shape, and elemental mapping of synthesized nickel oxide nanoparticles. Different NO/T nanocatalyst electroactivities were examined in order to oxidize EG molecules in basic electrolyte. The surface area values of calcined nanostructures at 200°C and 300°C were much higher than those measured at NO/T‐400 by 7.62 and 3.71 folds to explain their outstanding performance. Some kinetic information for varied NO/T nanocatalysts was derived including the electron transfer coefficient, rate constant, and surface coverage values. Electron transfer rate constants of 0.1946, 0.3734, 0.0113, and 0.0303 s−1 were calculated at NO/T‐200, NO/T‐300, NO/T‐400, and NO/T‐500, respectively. Increased oxidation current densities could be achieved when NO/T nanomaterials were subjected to lowered calcination temperatures. NO/T‐200 and NO/T‐300 nanocatalysts also displayed decreased Eonset for alcohol oxidation process by 20 and 41 mV in relation to that at NO/T‐400. Moreover, chronoamperometric experiments revealed the prevalence of the stable behavior during EG oxidation at these nanostructures, especially for calcined ones at 200°C and 300°C. Much reduced poisoning rates were measured at NO/T‐200 (0.171 s−1) and NO/T‐300 (0.067 s−1) when contrasted to that at NO/T‐500 (0.727 s−1). Increasing the alcohol and supporting electrolyte concentrations was beneficial in improving the charge transfer characteristics of NO/T nanocatalysts as demonstrated by EIS measurements. This study supports the promising activity of NiO nanoparticles onto graphite as anode materials for direct alcohol fuel cells.

Preparation and tribologic properties of Ti and Zr nitride multilayer coatings

This paper focuses on synthesis and characterization of Zr/Ti and Ti/Zr nitride multilayer coatings by magnetron plasma sputtering to enhance the tribologic properties. The synthesis of nitrides was achieved by non-reactive deposition using Ti or Zr nitride targets or by reactive deposition using Ti or Zr targets in the presence of nitrogen. The formation of nitride layers was highlighted by XRD, EDX and XPS investigations, while the tribologic properties were made with HFRR equipment. The tribological study showed that the coefficient of friction and wear scar diameter decrease in multilayer films with zirconium nitride as the upper layer.

Tailoring of physical properties and photo-catalytic activity of nanostructured ZnO thin films: The role of cobalt doping

ZnO nanostructured thin layers doped with cobalt (0 %, 2 %, 4 %, and 6 %) were successfully deposited on glass substrates via nebulized spray pyrolysis. The XRD and FE-SEM analyses indicated that all samples exhibited a hexagonal wurtzite structure and a densely flaked microstructure in petal-like shapes. The EDX investigations confirmed Zn and O elements in all films and Co in doped samples. The Photoluminescence (PL) spectra showed Co-doping's impact on emission. In addition, ZnO thin film transparency decreased by an average of 26 % in the visible range after doping. With increased Co-doping, the band gap (Eg) slightly decreased while ferromagnetic behavior increased. Furthermore, with an increase in the Co doping level, the material's electrical resistivity increased significantly from 2.5 × 10³ to 5.3 × 105 Ω cm. We found that doping with Co enhances the photo-catalytic efficiency of ZnO under sunlight. The sample doped at 2 % Co shows the highest photo-degradation efficiency of methylene blue (MB), about 93 %.

The Optical Properties of Thin Film Alloys of ZnO, TiO2 and ZrO2 with Al2O3 Synthesised Using Atomic Layer Deposition

In this work, the results of ellipsometric studies of thin films of broadband oxides (ZnO, TiO2, ZrO2) and broadband oxides doped with Al2O3 (Al2O3–ZnO, Al2O3–TiO2, Al2O3–ZrO2) are presented. All layers have been produced using the atomic layer deposition method. Ellipsometric studies were performed in the wavelength range of 193–1690 nm. Sellmeier and Cauchy models were used to describe the optical properties of the tested layers. Dispersion dependencies of refractive indices were determined for thin layers of broadband oxides on silicon substrates, and then for layers of Al2O3 admixture. The EDX investigations enabled estimation of the composition of the alloys. The Bruggeman effective medium approximation (EMA) model was used to determine the theoretical dependencies of the dispersion refractive indices of the studied alloys. The refractive index values determined using the Bruggeman EMA model are in good agreement with the values determined from the ellipsometric measurements. The doping of thin layers of ZnO, ZrO2 and TiO2 with Al2O3 enables the creation of anti-reflective layers and filters with a specific refractive index.

A Comparative Study of Cr(VI) Sorption by Aureobasidium pullulans AKW Biomass and Its Extracellular Melanin: Complementary Modeling with Equilibrium Isotherms, Kinetic Studies, and Decision Tree Modeling.

Melanin as a natural polymer is found in all living organisms, and plays an important role in protecting the body from harmful UV rays from the sun. The efficiency of fungal biomass (Aureobasidium pullulans) and its extracellular melanin as Cr(VI) biosorbents was comparatively considered. The efficiency of Cr(VI) biosorption by the two sorbents used was augmented up to 240 min. The maximum sorption capacities were 485.747 (fungus biomass) and 595.974 (melanin) mg/g. The practical data were merely fitted to both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The kinetics of the biosorption process obeyed the pseudo-first-order. Melanin was superior in Cr(VI) sorption than fungal biomass. Furthermore, four independent variables (contact time, initial concentration of Cr(VI), biosorbent dosage, and pH,) were modeled by the two decision trees (DTs). Conversely, to equilibrium isotherms and kinetic studies, DT of fungal biomass had lower errors compared to DT of melanin. Lately, the DTs improved the efficacy of the Cr(VI) removal process, thus introducing complementary and alternative solutions to equilibrium isotherms and kinetic studies. The Cr(VI) biosorption onto the biosorbents was confirmed and elucidated through FTIR, SEM, and EDX investigations. Conclusively, this is the first report study attaining the biosorption of Cr(VI) by biomass of A. pullulans and its extracellular melanin among equilibrium isotherms, kinetic study, and algorithmic decision tree modeling.

Facile dip-coating assisted preparation of reduced graphene oxide-copper oxide nanocomposite thin films on aluminum substrate for solar selective absorber

Reduced graphene oxide integrated copper oxide nanocomposite thin film (rGO-CuO NC TF) solar selective absorber coatings were devised on aluminum substrate using dip-coating procedure. The prepared coatings were subjected to characterization by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, PL spectroscopy, UV–vis–NIR spectrophotometer, Emissometer and Raman spectroscopy. XRD and Raman analyses disclosed presence of mono-phase with highly crystalline monoclinic structured CuO in the rGO-CuO NC TFs. The SEM images revealed grain-like morphology of CuO, which are randomly distributed on rGO sheets. EDX and XPS investigations confirmed presence of anticipated chemical constituents and chemical composition, respectively in the NC TFs. The rGO-CuO NC TF with 1.0 wt% GO disclosed absorptance (α) of 79.92% and emittance (ε) of 4.2% with a highest selectivity (ξ) of 19.03 that suggests its promising prospect for solar absorber coating in solar thermal devices.

Dye-Modified, Sonochemically Obtained Nano-SnS2 as an Efficient Photocatalyst for Metanil Yellow Removal.

We investigate the possibility of modification of SnS2 powder through sonochemical synthesis with the addition of an organic ligand. For that purpose, two organic dyes are used, Phenol Red and Anthraquinone Violet. All obtained powders are characterized using XRD, SEM, EDX, FT-IR, and UV-Vis investigations. Synthesized samples showed composition and structural properties typical for sonochemically synthesized SnS2. However, investigation with the Tauc method revealed that SnS2 powder modified with Phenol Red exhibits a significant shift in value of optical bandgap to 2.56 eV, while unmodified SnS2 shows an optical bandgap value of 2.42 eV. The modification of SnS2 powder with Anthraquinone Violet was unsuccessful. The obtained nanopowders were utilized as photocatalysts in the process of Metanil Yellow degradation, revealing that SnS2 modified with Phenol Red shows about 23% better performance than the unmodified one. The mean sonochemical efficiency of the performed synthesis is also estimated as 9.35 µg/W.

Green NiFe2O4 nano-sorbent construction via Foeniculum vulgare extract for efficient barium ions removal

Abstract Ba ions were successfully adsorbed using green NiFe2O4-NPs that were generated using Foeniculum vulgare seeds extract. To investigate the structural and textural characteristics of the adsorbent powder, X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transformer infrared (FTIR), and scanning/transmission electron microscopy (SEM) examinations were conducted. The FTIR and EDX investigations revealed the formation of NiFe2O4-NPs as indicated by the elemental composition and the bonding patterns. Some remarkable properties, including the growth of crystallite size and lattice parameters, were reached due to the extract addition, as revealed further by XRD examination. The sorption results were consistent with the Langmuir isotherm model, and the kinetic data were in accordance with pseudo-second-order kinetics. As a result of the electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged NiFe2O4-NPs surface and the positively charged Ba (II) ions, the adsorption process improved significantly above pHzc. The NiFe2O4 nanostructures with high competence for Ba2+ adsorption could be nominated to abolish additional harmful metal cations.

Impact of DEMs for Improvement Sentinel 2 Lithological Mapping Utilizing Support Vector Machine: A Case Study of Mineralized Fe-Ti-Rich Gabbroic Rocks from the South Eastern Desert of Egypt

Fused remote sensing datasets have greatly contributed to enhancing lithological targets and providing significant information for mineral exploration. For instance, multispectral datasets can discriminate rock units through their unique spectral signatures. Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) could be an effective tool boosting lithological discrimination based mainly on their topographic variations. Consequently, the current study applied the power of the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm and the integrated Phased Array L-type band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) DEM and multispectral Sentinel 2 data to: 1—Create an updated lithological map of a poorly mapped arid terrain (Khashir-Ras El-Kharit district, Eastern Desert of Egypt), and 2—Compare and assess the distribution of ferrogabbros with the aim of improving the localization of these rock bodies and investigating their mineral content. Our results enhanced the lithological mapping and revealed a better generalization of mineralized ferrogabbros when the input was a fused DEM with Sentinel 2 compared to the salt and pepper effect observed when adopting the Sentinel 2 solely as the input data. Additionally, the current research strongly recommends detailed exploration programs for Fe-Ti oxide ores within the gabbroic rocks delineated through the resultant thematic map. The ferrogabbros were subjected to a comprehensive analysis involving whole rock geochemistry, XRD, EDX, and light-reflecting investigations, which revealed the existence of magnetite, titanomagnetite, and hematite. The titanomagnetite crystals display subhedral morphology and exhibit fine- to medium-grained surfaces with irregular shapes. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the presence of magnetite and hematite in the concentrated Fe-Ti oxides. Additionally, the whole rock geochemistry highlighted the origin of the ferrogabbros and their proposed tectonic setting as an alkaline to calc-alkaline magma type that developed in a continental arc setting.

Synthesis of tungsten-doped PbI2 nanostructure

Facile synthesis of the microwave was applied to assist in synthesizing pure and tungsten-doped lead iodide (W: PbI2) nanosheets with less than 100 nm thickness. The proposed W-doped PbI2 nanosheets were subjected to various characterization, including structural, morphological, spectral, optical, dielectric, and radiation studies. SEM and EDX investigations confirmed that the tungsten dopants affect the undoped PbI2 matrix. The structural morphology from XRD patterns approved the good crystallinity of the prepared W-doped PbI2 nanostructures. Optical characterizations revealed the energy band structure of the grown materials. The dielectric constant of the W-doped PbI2 nanostructures varied from 23 to 31, confirming the increasing dielectric trend with increasing W doping concentrations. The Gamma linear absorption coefficient value was found to vary between 9.2 and 15 in case Am-241, suggesting various applications in radiation detectors for the prepared W-doped PbI2 nanostructured sheets.

Synthesis and characterization of calcium and magnesium based oxides and titanates for photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B: a comparative study

The current investigation deals with the simple and ecological synthesis of CaO, MgO, CaTiO3, and MgTiO3 for the photocatalytic dilapidation of rhodamine B dye. CaO was procured from chicken eggshell waste by calcination process, while MgO was produced by solution combustion method using urea as a fuel source. Furthermore, CaTiO3 and MgTiO3 were synthesized through an easy and simple solid-state method by mixing thoroughly the synthesized CaO or MgO with TiO2 before calcination at 900 °C. XRD and EDX investigations confirmed the phase formation of the materials. Moreover, FTIR spectra revealed the existence of Ca–Ti–O, Mg–Ti–O, and Ti–O which resembles the chemical composition of the proposed materials. SEM micrographs revealed that the surface of CaTiO3 is rougher with relatively dispersed particles compared to MgTiO3, reflecting a higher surface area of CaTiO3. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy investigations indicated that the synthesized materials can act as photocatalysts under UV illumination. Accordingly, CaO and CaTiO3 effectively degraded rhodamine B dye within 120 min with a photodegradation activity of 63% and 72%, respectively. In contrast, the photocatalytic degradation activity of MgO and MgTiO3 was much lower, since only 21.39 and 29.44% of the dye were degraded, respectively after 120 min of irradiation. Furtheremore, the photocatalytic activity of the mixture from both Ca and Mg titanates was 64.63%. These findings might be valuable for designing potential and affordable photocatalysts for wastewater purification.

A cost-effective H2S pollutant electro-transformation to hydrogen clean fuel and value-added semiconducting materials: A green alternative to Claus process

A straightforward strategy to resolve the H2S problem is its neutralization in alkaline media, followed by electrolysis of the obtained solution upon suitable electrodes. Herein, we report for the first time that via galvanostatic electrolysis of the resulting alkaline sulfide medium over copper electrodes, this harmful pollutant could be safely as well as cost-effectively transformed to hydrogen clean fuel and a value-added eco-friendly semiconducting material. The strong interaction of copper with bisulfide (the dominant species of the medium at pH 11) resulted in a significant decrease in the system impedance, accompanied by less electricity consumption during the process. A nano/micro-structured, mesoporous morphology was observed for the anodic product (surface area: 11.4 m2/g). Photoelectrochemical and diffuse reflectance as well as XRD, EDX, XPS and photoluminescence investigations revealed that the material synthesized upon the anode surface was a narrow bandgap (Eg=1.63eV) p-type semiconductor. In addition to the economic perspective of the proposed electrolysis process (3 ∼ 6 USD/kgH2), the underlying mechanism of simultaneous production of semiconductor (CuS) and H2 was thoroughly discussed.

Study of the Bandgap and Crystal Structure of Cu4TiSe4: Theory vs. Experiment

The aim of this study was to investigate the crystal structure and bandgap of the emerging material Cu4TiSe4 using both theoretical and experimental methods. We synthesized the title compound via solid-state synthesis from elements. The occurrence of the single crystals of the Cu4TiSe4 compound was proven by X-ray diffraction and EDX investigations. The resolved crystal structure proves the one recently reported for this compound. Additionally, we utilized the Uspex evolutionary algorithm for the prediction of the crystal structure of the Cu4TiSe4 compound and to check for the presence of potential polymorphs. It turns out that Cu4TiSe4 may theoretically occur in three different crystal structures (space groups: I-42m (no. 121), R3m (no. 160), and P-43m (no. 215)), in which the rhombohedral phase has the lowest energy. The ab initio study of the bandgap of Cu4TiSe4 showed that it is indirect for each polymorphic structure and varies in the range of 1.23–1.26 eV, while experimental investigation revealed a direct transition of energy of 1.35 eV, thus showing the potential of this compound for solar cell applications. Theoretical calculations suggested that the rhombohedral phase of Cu4TiSe4 should exhibit a negative or relatively low (0.64 eV) bandgap.

Facile microwave synthesis of tungsten-doped PbI2 nanostructures for optoelectronic and radiation detection devices

Facile synthesis of the microwave was applied to assist in synthesizing pure and tungsten-doped lead iodide (W: PbI2) nanosheets with less than 100 nm thickness. The proposed W-doped PbI2 nanosheets were subjected to various characterization, including structural, morphological, spectral, optical, dielectric, and radiation studies. SEM and EDX investigations confirmed that the tungsten dopants affect the undoped PbI2 matrix. The structural morphology from XRD patterns approved the good crystallinity of the prepared W-doped PbI2 nanostructures. Optical characterizations revealed the energy band structure of the grown materials. The dielectric constant of the W-doped PbI2 nanostructures varied from 23 to 31, confirming the increasing dielectric trend with increasing W doping concentrations. The Gamma linear absorption coefficient value was found to vary between 9.2 and 15 in case Am-241, suggesting various applications in radiation detectors for the prepared W-doped PbI2 nanostructured sheets.

Al-Supermalloy and Al-Supermalloy@oxide magnetic powder. Structural, morphological, thermal, and magnetic characterization

A new alloy, Supermalloy alloyed with aluminum, in powder form, has been obtained by mechanical alloying using elemental powders. An amount of 5 wt% of Al has been added to Supermalloy (Ni75Fe20Mo5) resulting a magnetic alloy (Al-Supermalloy) with the nominal chemical composition of Ni71·25Fe19Mo4·75Al5 wt.%. The powder obtained after 20 h of mechanical alloying has been subjected to superficial oxidation to obtain Al-Supermalloy@oxide powder. The alloy is single FCC phase after 15 h of mechanical alloying having a mean crystallite size of 15 nm. In the early period of alloying the particles are flattened and irregular shaped, but by increasing the alloying time the amount of flattened particles decreases. At about 550 °C the recrystallisation of the structure is finished and further increase of the temperature leads to the increase of the crystallite size. The particles size of the single-phase alloy ranges from a few to tens of microns. The Curie temperature of the newly alloy is around 440 °C. The magnetization of the material increases even after the full formation of the single phase and several phenomena compete to this increase. The oxidation of the particles was successful resulting oxidized particles of Al-Supermalloy@oxide. The presence of oxides was proved by FTIR and EDX investigations. The magnetization of the core-shell composite is lowered only by 1.5% as compared to the uncovered sample this indicate that the oxide is present as a thin layer. The thickness of the oxide layer was estimated by magnetization measurement at about 100–200 nm.

Cellulosic fabrics modified with polyphosphonium chitosan hydrazone-TiO2-Ag nanobiocomposites for multifunctional applications

Bionanocomposites (BNC1,2) of binary (PPCH-Ag) and ternary (PPCH-TiO2-Ag) (PPCH = polyphosphonium chitosan-hydrazone) have been synthesized and immobilized on cellulosic fabrics (CFs) using an environmentally friendly single-step in situ methodology. The results of FTIR, TGA, EDX, SEM, and TEM investigations showed that PPCH and its BNCs were successfully formed on the surface layer of fabrics. Moreover, the BNC2-coated cloth exhibited a superhydrophobic behavior as revealed from the values of water contact angle (WCA) 152.1° and slide angle (SA) 8.7°. The cytotoxicity experiments on epithelial cells confirmed the safety of treated fabrics for human cells. The antimicrobial capabilities of the BNCs-treated textiles were greatly enhanced, with a small preference for BNC1-coated fabric, as compared to the native or other treated fabrics. In contrast, the BNC2-coated fabric demonstrated the highest anti-UV protection capabilities as indicated by its great capacity to reduce the UV transmission (UV-A, 2.1 %; UV-B, 1.8 %) as well as its UPF value (49.2). The durability tests revealed the high resistance of BNC2-CF against harsh washing conditions and their acquired functions sustainability up to 20 washing cycles.

Studies of the Structure and Optical Properties of BaSrMgWO6 Thin Films Deposited by a Spin-Coating Method.

Highly transparent thin films with the chemical formula BaSrMgWO6 were deposited by spin coating using a solution of nitrates of Ba, Sr, and Mg and ammonium paratungstate in dimethylformamide with a Ba:Sr:Mg:W ratio = 1:1:1:1. XRD, SEM, EDX, and XPS investigations evidenced that annealing at 800 °C for 1 h results in an amorphous structure having a precipitate on its surface, and that supplementary annealing at 850 °C for 45 min forms a nanocrystalline structure and dissolves a portion of the precipitates. A textured double perovskite cubic structure (61.9%) was found, decorated with tetragonal and cubic impurity phases (12.7%), such as BaO2, SrO2, and MgO, and an under-stoichiometric phase (24.4%) with the chemical formula Ba2−(x+y) SrxMgyWO5. From transmittance measurements, the values of the optical band gap were estimated for the amorphous (Egdir = 5.21 eV, Egind = 3.85 eV) and nanocrystalline (Egdir = 4.69 eV, Egind = 3.77 eV) phases. The presence of a lattice disorder was indicated by the high Urbach energy values and weak absorption tail energies. A decrease in their values was observed and attributed to the crystallization process, lattice strain diminution, and cation redistribution.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Potential Evaluation of Modified Cellulose Immobilized with Hydroxyquinoline as a Sorbent for Vanadium Ions

A considerable increase in the importance of vanadium globally and its common uses in many manufacturable alloys made it a target for much scientific research interested in extraction and recovery. A solid modified cellulose sorbent (GCIHQ) was prepared by simple grafting of cellulose, then immobilized with hydroxyquinoline, and examined as a sorbent for V(V) ions. FT-IR, TGA, BET, and SEM–EDX investigations were used to characterize the GCIHQ. A higher surface area for the synthesized GCIHQ resin has been recorded (65.8 m2/g) more than the used cellulose (21.7m2/g). Several vanadium sorption parameters using the modified GCIHQ from the sulfate medium were optimized namely contact time, pH, initial vanadium ions concentration, sorbent dose, and sorption temperature. The kinetics results revealed that the sorption of vanadium ions upon the synthesized sorbent followed the pseudo-second-order with R2 of > 0.99, which indicated that the sorption mechanism was chemical interaction. The sorption process was studied using Freundlich, Langmuir, Dubinin–Radushkevich, and Temkin isotherm models to describe the adsorbent-adsorbate interaction. The Langmuir model was the most fitting model with the experimental results; the experimental adsorption uptake of 113 mg/g was matched with that of the calculated results. The activation energy (Ea) for adsorption was 12.91 kJ.mol−1, indicating the process is to be chemisorption. Thermodynamic characteristics with ΔH of 13.46 kJ/mol and a ΔS 115.15 J/mol.K revealed the endothermic and spontaneous nature.

Kinetic, Isotherm and Thermodynamic Aspects of Zn2+ Biosorption by Spirulina platensis: Optimization of Process Variables by Response Surface Methodology.

The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of Spirulina platensis for removing Zn2+ ions from the aqueous solutions. The optimized conditions of 4.48 g/L algal dose, pH of 6.62 and initial zinc concentration of 29.72 mg/L obtained by response surface methodology were employed for Zn2+ biosorption by S. platensis and up to 97.90% Zn2+ was removed, showing that there is a favorable harmony between the experimental data and model predictions. Different kinetic and equilibrium models were used to characterize the biosorption manner of Spirulina as a biosorbent. The kinetic manner of Zn2+ biosorption was well characterized by the pseudo-second-order, implying that the adsorption process is chemical in nature. The Langmuir and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models were best fit to the equilibrium data. The maximum adsorption capacity of the Langmuir monolayer was 50.7 mg/g. Furthermore, the thermodynamic analysis revealed that Zn2+ biosorption was endothermic, spontaneous and feasible. As a result of biosorption process, FTIR, SEM, and EDX investigations indicated noticeable alterations in the algal biomass’s properties. Therefore, the dried Spirulina biomass has been shown to be cost-effective and efficient for removing the heavy metals, particularly zinc ions from wastewater, and the method is practicable, and environmentally acceptable.