Educational Sites Research Articles

Colonialism and Cross-Cultural Ties in Sea of Poppies

Purpose: The present study will emphasize Colonialism and Cross-cultural ties in the Sea of Poppies of Amitav Ghosh. "Colonialism" describes a trend that emerged towards the latter of the 20th century. Modernism was in decline after modernity, and postmodernism emerged. Postcolonial literature, mostly novels, addresses important human concerns including culture across borders and the quest for identity. This paper aims to show how differences merge in the novel to create a mixed society made up of persons from varied social and geographic backgrounds who voyage on the ship Ibis to a distant land where they unwillingly forge new identities. Design: Peer-reviewed journals, educational websites, research articles and both national and international periodicals were used to compile information needed for this topic. The methodology used for the study is done by gathering, analyzing, and comprehending prior knowledge. Amitav Ghosh's selected works are thoroughly understood and read, besides research papers on related topics. The researcher will adhere to the guidelines in the APA Manual during the study. Findings: The purpose of the study will be to find out about Colonialism and identity in Amitav Ghosh’s Sea of Poppies, after reviewing many publications, like essays, theses and books. It is proved cross culture is not a static presence; in each given circumstance it differs from one person to person, region to region, culture to culture, and country to country. Originality: The proposed study is unique as it will focus primarily on colonialism and cross-cultural ties in sustaining identity, which will be achieved by understanding why Nations were eliminated, including individuals and communities. Paper Type: Analytical Paper

Clinical Perspectives on the Development of a Gamified Heart Failure Patient Education Web Site.

Heart failure is a complex, chronic disease that requires self-care to manage, and patients need support and education to perform adequate self-care. Although electronic health interventions to support behavior change and self-care in cardiovascular disease are gaining traction, there is little engaging online education specifically designed for heart failure patients. This paper describes the design and development of a heart failure self-care patient education Web site that integrated gamification, meaning the use of game design elements in a non-game context. We sought feedback on the Web site from a group of heart failure clinicians in a focus group using a semi-structured interview guide, and data were analyzed thematically. Clinician input during the design phase touched on themes such as patients' decision-making in heart failure and older adults' adoption of technology. Clinicians recommended that a narrative gamification technique should reflect real-life dilemmas patients encounter in their self-care. Clinicians also discussed the need to carefully plan reward-based gamification techniques to avoid unintended effects. Overall, a gamified Web site has the potential to support heart failure self-care, but efforts are needed to address the disparity of those with limited computer literacy or access.

Readability of the Orthopaedic Trauma Association Patient Education Tool.

Online educational materials have become a fundamental resource for orthopaedic surgery patients; however, they are frequently written at a high level of reading ability and are too complicated for some patients to understand. The aim of this study was to appraise the readability of the Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) patient education materials. All forty-one articles on the OTA patient education website (https://ota.org/for-patients) were analyzed for readability. Readability scores were calculated by two independent reviewers using the (1) Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) and the (2) Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) algorithms. Mean readability scores were compared across anatomic categories. One-sample t-test was done to compare mean FKGL with the recommended 6th-grade readability level and the average American adult reading level. The average (SD) FKGL of the 41 OTA articles was 8.15 (1.14). The average (SD) FRE for the OTA patient education materials was 65.5 (6.60). Four (11%) of the articles were at or below a 6th-grade reading level. The average readability of the OTA articles was significantly higher than the recommended 6th-grade level (p < 0.001, 95% CI [7.79 - 8.51]). The average readability of the OTA articles was not significantly different from the average 8th-grade reading skill level of U.S. adults (p = 0.41, 95% CI [7.79 - 8.51]). Our findings suggest that despite the majority of the OTA patient education materials having readability levels suitable for the average US adult, these reading materials are still above the recommended 6th-grade level and may be too difficult for patient comprehension.

Using medical university websites for health education about COVID-19; an effective solution for public education during a pandemic

BackgroundMedical universities use their websites to teach, research, and promote a culture of health. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of medical universities in terms of health information and education regarding COVID-19 by surveying the website of Iranian medical universities.MethodsThis descriptive-analytical study was conducted in June to August 2020 on the websites of medical universities in three categories of universities (type 1, type 2 and type 3). The information of this study was collected from medical universities located in the east, west, north, south and center of Iran. Data were collected according to a checklist. The checklist contained 3 sections; the first part with 8 components regarding general information of the university websites, the second part with 11 components regarding the information and news related to the coronavirus and the third part with 12 components regarding the content of personal health education and environmental health for the prevention of coronavirus. To determine the status of each website in the two areas of health information and education, websites were divided into three categories based on scores (poor, average and good). Data were analyzed by chi-square.ResultsIn this study, 1118 web pages related to 48 Iranian universities of medical sciences were reviewed, where 19 were type 1 universities, 21 type 2 universities, and 8 type 3 universities. The mean scores of the websites regarding the information and news related to the coronavirus (8.54 ± 1.750) and the mean scores of the websites regarding the personal and environmental health education related to coronavirus (10.96 ± 1.148) were in a favorable and positive condition. The ranking of medical universities by type showed that the scores in the two areas of health information and education about the coronavirus were in good condition and none of the universities were in bad condition. Chi-square showed that the information status and news related to the coronavirus had a significantly positive relationship with the type of medical universities (χ2 = 10.343, p = 0.006).ConclusionsThe results of this study showed that type1 and type 2 and 62.5% of type 3 medical universities were in good condition in terms of total scores in the two areas of health information and education about coronavirus and none of the universities were in a bad situation. It is suggested that the website of medical universities can serve as a reliable and appropriate source of information not only for academics and students but also for the general public.

Structured viva validity, reliability, and acceptability as an assessment tool in health professions education: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundThe viva, or traditional oral examination, is a process where the examiners ask questions and the candidate answers them. While traditional viva has many disadvantages, including subjectivity, low validity, and low reliability, it is advantageous for assessing knowledge, clinical reasoning, and self-confidence, which cannot be assessed by written tests. In order to overcome these disadvantages, structured viva was invented and is claimed to be highly valid, reliable, and acceptable, but this was not confirmed by an overall systematic review or meta-analysis of the studies. The research aims to investigate the studies to reach an overall decision regarding the quality of structured viva as an assessment tool according to the agreed standards in medical education in terms of validity, reliability, and acceptability.MethodsThis systematic review was done following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, Best Evidence Medical Education (BEME) website reviews, Google Scholars, and ScienceDirect databases were searched for any article addressing the research questions from inception to December 2022. Data analysis was done by the OpenMeta Analyst open-source app, version Windows 10.ResultsA total of 1385 studies were identified. Of them, 24 were included in the review. Three of the reviewed studies showed higher validity of structured viva by a positive linear correlation coefficient compared with MCQs, MCQs and Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE), and structured theory exam. In the reviewed studies, the reliability of structured viva was high by Cronbach alpha α = 0.80 and α = 0.75 in two different settings, while it was low α = 0.50 for the traditional viva. In the meta-analysis, structured viva was found to be acceptable by overall acceptability of (79.8%, P < 0.001) out of all learners who participated in structured viva as examinees at different levels in health professions education using the available numeric data of 12 studies. The heterogeneity of the data was high (I^2 = 93.506, P < 0.001) thus the analysis was done using the binary random-effects model.ConclusionStructured viva or structured oral examination has high levels of validity, reliability, and acceptability as an assessment tool in health professions education compared to traditional viva.

Educational Resources Developers’ Copyright

Introduction. Development of digital technologies, expansion of the spheres of distant learning implementation in the context of providing the educational services has resulted in creation and location of large amount of informational content at the open educational resources and institutional websites with access restricted for the external users. As consequence, there arise issues of authorship and copyright holding of the above-mentioned content, the limits of using the intellectual activity results of the authors of such content, distribution of remuneration received for its commercial use, as well as protection of subjects’ copyright whenever it is violated.Materials and Methods. The present study is based on the works of Russian and foreign researchers on copyright, on provisions of the Russian Federation Civil and Labor Law, as well as on the legislation of foreign countries. General scientific and specific scientific methods were used, such as the method of comparative legal studies, which allowed finding out approaches for solving the set forth problems in the frame of the other jurisdictions.Results. The conducted research shows that the problem of unlawful use of the educational content and protection of the rights of the content authors and copyright holders is widely spread and is especially relevant for the open educational resources. The authors of the present article have come to the conclusion that educational online content should be qualified as a complex piece of work and at the same time as a computer software and a unique database. The limits of free use of such a product should be specifically stipulated, i.e. for personal use, for non commercial use. For settling disputes between the authors and educational institutions, it is proposed to specify in an employment contract the types of pieces of work that are considered institutional ones, and to determine the conditions for using them among the parties.Discussion and Conclusions. The investigated problems of creating and locating the large informational-educational content, of using and processing the results of intellectual activity of the authors of such content, distributing the remuneration received for its commercial use, as well as protecting the rights of subjects in case of violation, have great practical importance, because the findings can be applied to solving the problems of exclusive ownership of the institutional pieces of work.

Knowledge and Awareness of Elementary School Teachers about Reading Disability (Dyslexia) in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Medina 2018

Introduction: For several years teachers have been concerned about students who appear normal, intelligent, and healthy, but struggle with reading and learning to read and write. These difficulties are identified under the concept of dyslexia [1]. Dyslexia is defined as learning disability that is neurobiological in origin. It is characterized by problems with fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and interpreting skills. Rationale of Study: Dyslexia appears to be the most common learning disability in mainstream schools since the average number of children with dyslexia universally appears to be between 10-15% of the population [19]. Objectives of the Study: To assess Knowledge and Awareness of al-medina elementary school teachers about reading disability (dyslexia). Methodology: Cross sectional study. This study was conducted in al-Medina city. It is located at the north western region of kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Al-Medina city has 208 Elementary female schools and 181 Elementary male schools (published in ministry of education website 1438 The study population included female and male Saudi teachers in primary schools in Al-Medina the total population (Saudi female and male teachers in primary schools) 10,522 expected frequency =50% at 95% confidence level the sample size =371 (calculated by using survey software A self-reported questionnaire was give to primary schools teachers. Results: A total of 380 teachers of elementary school in Madinah city, Saudi Arabia were included in the study. The personal characteristics of the studied subjects are presented in Table 1. The mean (±SD) age of the studied teachers was 40.6(±6.2) years and age ranged from 25-59 years. About 41.6% were above the age of 40 years and about half of the studied teachers were males (51.3%). The majority were married (92.6%), and had more than 3 children. The majority had bachelor degree (72.6%). Almost all the studied teachers reported to have monthly income of more than 8000 SR (97.1%). More than half of the studied teachers were teaching Arabic and Islamic subjects (56.8%), 22.4% of the teachers were teaching science and Mathematics. Teachers with work experience &gt; 10 years were representing 58.2% of the studied sample with the mean years of experience was 8.4 ± 4.6 (1-19 years). Conclusions: The present study revealed that good level of knowledge on dyslexia among the studied elementary school teachers in Madinah City to account (42.9%). The results showed also that the majority of teachers to have positive opinion about the need of educational program and special training courses on dyslexia. Although not significant, good level of knowledge on dyslexia was varied by the socio-demographic characteristics of the studied teachers. The higher level was among teachers aged ≤ 40 years, male teachers, married teachers, teachers having 1-3 children, teachers having bachelor degree. The highest percent of good knowledge was found among science and mathematics teachers.

Open Access Websites for Anesthesia Education: Time to Rely on Artificial Intelligence?

Open Access Websites for Anesthesia Education: Time to Rely on Artificial Intelligence?

A criterial model for assessing the quality of the digital educational environment using cloud services

Globalization of all spheres of activity of educational systems determines the need to create simple and accessible tools for monitoring and evaluating the quality of objects and resources. In particular, due to the need to intensify the processes of digital transformation of education, it is important to assess the quality of digital educational environments (DEE). The aim of the work is to substantiate the approach and describe the procedure for monitoring of DEE of educational institutions based on the available cloud services, providing convenient collection, accumulation, and processing of statistical and monitoring indicators.The projective criterial model of the system of assessment and monitoring of the quality of DEE, which is based on the results of self-assessment of the educational organization and external expert evaluation, was adopted. The main feature of the model is the participation of organizations and external experts in the process of designing criterion rubrics, conducting and analyzing the results of monitoring. Yandex Forms service is used for self-assessment of DEE and expert evaluation of the educational organization website which allows converting of the collected data into spreadsheets. By combining the data and their statistical processing it is possible to obtain indicators for different slices and ratings, to conduct a summary clustering of the DEE of the studied organizations by three levels: low, average, and high.The proposed model was implemented in the assessment of DEE practices of supplementary education for children. To determine the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the DLE and the official sites of additional education organizations we created questionnaires in Yandex Forms filled in by the representatives of the studied organizations. Pilot testing showed that the collection, processing, and delivery of monitoring data to users was technologically simple and easy.The projective criterial model for assessing the quality of the DEE of supplementary education organizations can be used for many other studies related to criterion-based assessment activities.

MEDIA DIGITAL DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS PEMBELAJARAN IPA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR

Because teachers continue to dominate learning in the classroom, it is difficult for students to be critical of their learning. The purpose of this study is to describe digital media innovations that improve students' critical thinking skills in learning science in elementary schools. This study uses a literature study design with a qualitative approach. The secondary data used in this study were obtained by means of collecting information based on the literature, analyzing data from national and international journals published in the last five years, and reviewing books. Research findings show that innovative digital media can improve students' thinking skills in learning Natural Sciences (IPA) in Elementary Schools, such as videos, Power Point presentations, e-books, flipbooks, augmented reality, and educational websites.

Poster 307: A Standardized Method that Improves Readability of Patient Education Materials in Sports Medicine Knee Injuries

Objectives: Sports-related knee injuries such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) or meniscus tears are very common, and there are ample resources for knee injury-related patient education materials (PEMs). However, the anatomy, pathology, and treatment plans of knee injuries are often described in terms that are obscure to patients. While the internet has become a vast resource for medical information, online PEMs in orthopaedics have consistently been shown to be written above the NIH- recommended sixth-grade reading level to the detriment of patient health literacy. The purpose of this study is to develop a standardized method to improve readability of orthopaedic PEMs without diluting their critical content by reducing the use of complex words (&gt;3 syllables) and shortening sentence length to &lt;15 words. Methods: OrthoInfo, a patient education website developed by the Academy of American Orthopedic Surgeons, was queried for PEMs relevant to the care of athletic injuries of the knee. Inclusion criteria were PEMs that were unique, pertained to topics of knee pathology in sports medicine, and written in a prose-format. Exclusion criteria were information presented in video or slideshow format, or topics not pertaining to knee pathology in sports medicine. Readability of PEMs was evaluated using seven unique readability formulas before and after applying a standardized method to improve readability while preserving critical content (reducing the use of &gt;3 syllable words and ensuring sentence length is &lt;15 words). Paired samples t-tests were conducted to assess the relationship between reading levels of the original PEMs and reading level of edited PEMs. Results: Reading levels differed significantly between the 23 original PEMs and edited PEMs across all seven readability formulas (p&lt;0.01). Mean Flesch Kincaid Grade Level of original PEMs (9.8±1.4) was significantly increased compared to that of edited PEMs (6.4±1.1) (p=1.9x10-13). 4.0% of original PEMs met NIH recommendations of a sixth-grade reading level compared to 48.0% of modified PEMs. Conclusions: A standardized method that reduces the use of &gt;3 syllable words and ensures sentence length is &lt;15 words significantly reduces the reading-grade level of PEMs for sports-related knee injuries. Orthopaedic organizations and institutions should apply this simple standardized method when creating PEMs to enhance health literacy. [Table: see text][Table: see text]

USABILITY AS A PROBLEM OF EXPRESSIVE WEB DESIGN TOOLS: FROM THE PRACTICE OF WEB USABILITY TO THE CONTEXT OF WEB ACCESSIBILITY

The article is devoted to the problem of analyzing the issue of web usability and web accessibility of using educational web resources in the context of the problems of expressive web design tools. The author considers web usability and web accessibility systems as components of a universal design problem that goes beyond narrow technical issues of website content consumption. An important component of the research discourse of the publication is the study and interpretation of the experience of using educational Internet resources from the point of view of the system of expressive means, aesthetic solutions and artistic and project properties of web design. It is concluded that the artistic nature of an educational website has the capacity for representation within the user experience. It is proved that the parameter of external consistency of expressive means is extremely important for the problem of web accessibility. If a website's learning model uses more than one visual system, this requires coordination of visual solutions at all levels of interface design. The author emphasizes that the practice of gaining experience using an educational web resource is based on functional criteria. At the same time, the usability characteristics are not enough to identifythe typological structure of a certain site and to determine, on this basis, a universal approach to the construction of visual solutions. Practically in all the considered cases there are artistic-figurative or aesthetic-stylistic features, which are either part of the functioning system, or are considered as independent aesthetic components. The inevitability in the functioning of websites requires designers to come up with such solutions that would determine not only the functional properties of the website, but also its artistic direction. The conducted analysis shows that the aesthetics of network Internet resources is formed based on the principles of usability and is a utilitarian system that has its own functionality and a wide range of usage norms. Based on this, educational websites have significant differences compared to representative web resources that form visual messages within a different artistic and figurative system.

Efficacy of DigiKnowItNews: Teen, a multimedia educational website for adolescents about pediatric clinical trials: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundPediatric research is crucial for the development of new scientific advancements, treatments, and therapies for adolescents. Yet relatively few pediatric clinical trials are conducted due to barriers to successful recruitment and retention, including knowledge and attitudes about clinical trials. Adolescents tend to experience greater autonomy to make decisions and have expressed interest in being part of the decision to participate in clinical trials. Increasing knowledge, positive attitudes, and self-efficacy related to clinical trials could positively impact the decision to participate in a pediatric clinical trial. However, there are currently few interactive, developmentally appropriate, web-based resources available to educate adolescents about clinical trials. DigiKnowItNews: Teen was created as a multimedia educational website to address the relatively low levels of enrollment in pediatric clinical trials and need for information to empower adolescents to make decisions about participating in clinical trials.MethodsThis is a parallel group randomized controlled superiority trial to test the effectiveness of DigiKnowItNews: Teen, for improving factors related to clinical trial participation among adolescent and parents. Eligible parent-adolescent (ages 12 to 17 years) pairs will be randomly assigned to one of two conditions: intervention or wait-list control. All participants will complete pre- and post-test questionnaires and participants assigned to the intervention will receive access to review the DigiKnowItNews: Teen content for 1 week. Wait-list control participants will have the option to review DigiKnowItNews: Teen after study completion. The primary outcomes are knowledge about clinical research, attitudes, and beliefs toward pediatric clinical trials, self-efficacy for making decisions related to clinical trial participation, willingness to participate in a future clinical trial, procedural fears, and parent-adolescent communication quality. Overall feedback and satisfaction related to DigiKnowItNews: Teen will also be collected.DiscussionThe trial will evaluate the effectiveness of DigiKnowIt News: Teen, an educational website about pediatric clinical trials for adolescents. If found effective in promoting factors related to future pediatric clinical trial participation, DigiKnowIt News: Teen could be used by adolescents, along with their parents, as they make the decision to participate in a clinical trial. Clinical trial researchers can also use DigiKnowIt News: Teen to aid their participant recruitment efforts.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT05714943. Registered on 02/03/2023.

Customer Satisfaction of Pharmacy Services of Tertiary Care Hospital: A Review

Purpose: One of the key elements in ensuring the global standard of healthcare is customer satisfaction. Hospitals take customer happiness very seriously and often update their services based on their patients' satisfaction. Hospitals are one setting where pharmacy services are particularly vital since they significantly impact the general standard of treatment. A pharmacy department can provide a wide range of services, including dispensing and distributing medications, compounding, instruction use review, adverse drug reaction monitoring, and providing evidence on drugs. High customer satisfaction may be an indication of effective pharmacist performance, which anticipates having a favourable impact on the standard of medical care. The purpose of the study is to review customer satisfaction with pharmacy services at tertiary healthcare centres and make recommendations for improvement. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research article used review papers, textual analysis of their keywords, and abstracts to identify areas that required further investigation. These review articles are from national and international journals. Secondary data is collected from educational websites and publications. Research sources like Google Scholar, doctoral theses, Research Gate, academia, and Shodhganga are used to identify the research gap. ABCD analysis highlights the key aspects of the research. Qualitative research is conducted using the keywords "customer satisfaction, pharmacy services, pharmacist, customer experience, pharmaceuticals, and "health care in online articles, journals, publications, and a variety of linked portals. Findings/Result: There have been various studies on consumer satisfaction with pharmaceutical services, but there has been little study on the particular components that contribute to satisfaction among customers. The majority of the literature research indicated looking into customer satisfaction levels with pharmacy services, with a focus on elderly patients, first-time visitors, and medication counselling for patients, specifically the absence of pharmacist-patient interactions and medication availability. Originality/Value: This article is a review paper on customer gratification affecting pharmacy at large academic institutions. The research augments the value of the growing literature on customer satisfaction in this field. Paper Type: Review Paper.

DE05 Designing and implementing dermatology procedural video education for trainees

Abstract Surgical exposure can be varied during specialty training in dermatology. During the COVID-19 pandemic, this was compounded by the reduction in face-to-face teaching, adding a further barrier for trainees trying to access practical skills training. We sought to enable uniform, accessible and inclusive teaching of common biopsy techniques to improve the confidence and proficiency of dermatology trainees in performing these procedures, through a virtual self-directed format. We produced a series of concise educational videos detailing the biopsy consent process and instructional videos on techniques for punch biopsy, shave biopsy, incisional biopsy and simple excisions. Each video was ∼10 min in length with demonstration of the technique on porcine skin in real-time and step-by-step narration. The videos were developed according to up-to-date recommendations of best practice, including those from the British Society of Dermatological Surgery. We used multidisciplinary expert input from Mohs surgeons, specialist nurse practitioners, dermatopathologists, clinicians with expertise in medical education, learning innovation advisors and media experts. We highlighted important learning points for trainees during the videos such as common biopsy indications and complications, practical pitfalls and techniques to enhance biopsy efficiency, diagnostic yield and cosmetic outcome. Our educational videos were launched initially at a large teaching hospital in the UK and watched by 25 dermatology trainees, with plans for upcoming open-access via our education website. The effectiveness of our learning material was evaluated through a preintervention survey of trainees to gauge prior exposure to dermatology surgery, followed by a postintervention survey. We found evidence of a lack of exposure to procedural dermatology among trainees in the preintervention survey, with improvements in trainee confidence reported following the educational videos. Delivering procedural videos through an accessible online resource is beneficial for dermatology trainees and allied healthcare professionals performing biopsies and diversifies the modality of procedural dermatology education. An online video format provides self-directed education that has flexibility and enables repeated access to reinforce learning, which complements and enhances in-person practical teaching.

Evaluating Human Papillomavirus eHealth in Hmong Adolescents to Promote Vaccinations: Pilot Feasibility Study.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection, causing multiple cancers, including cervical, penile, and anal. Infection and subsequent health risks caused by HPV can be diminished by HPV vaccination. Unfortunately, vaccination rates among Hmong Americans are substantially lower than those among other racial and ethnic groups, despite having higher cervical cancer rates than non-Hispanic White women. Such disparities and sparse literature highlight the need for innovative and culturally appropriate educational interventions to improve HPV vaccine rates in Hmong Americans. We aimed to develop and evaluate the effectiveness and usability of an innovative web-based eHealth educational website, the Hmong Promoting Vaccines website (HmongHPV website), for Hmong-American parents and adolescents to improve their knowledge, self-efficacy, and decision-making capacities to obtain HPV vaccinations. Through social cognitive theory and community-based participatory action research process, we created a theory-driven and culturally and linguistically appropriate website for Hmong parents and adolescents. We conducted a pre-post intervention pilot study to assess the website's effectiveness and usability. Overall, 30 Hmong-American parent and adolescent dyads responded to questions about HPV and HPV vaccine knowledge, self-efficacy, and decision-making at preintervention, 1 week after intervention, and at the 5-week follow-up. Participants responded to survey questions about website content and processes at 1 and 5 weeks, and a subset of 20 dyad participants participated in telephone interviews 6 weeks later. We used paired t tests (2-tailed) to measure the change in knowledge, self-efficacy, and decision-making processes, and used template analysis to identify a priori themes for website usability. Participants' HPV and HPV vaccine knowledge improved significantly from pre- to postintervention stage and follow-up. Knowledge scores increased from preintervention to 1 week after intervention for both parents (HPV knowledge, P=.01; vaccine knowledge, P=.01) and children (HPV knowledge, P=.01; vaccine knowledge, P<.001), which were sustained at the 5-week follow-up. Parents' average self-efficacy score increased from 21.6 at baseline to 23.9 (P=.007) at post intervention and 23.5 (P=.054) at follow-up. Similar improvements were observed in the teenagers' self-efficacy scores (from 30.3 at baseline to 35.6, P=.009, at post intervention and 35.9, P=.006, at follow-up). Collaborative decision-making between parents and adolescents improved immediately after using the website (P=.002) and at follow-up (P=.02). The interview data also revealed that the website's content was informative and engaging; in particular, participants enjoyed the web-based quizzes and vaccine reminders. This theory-driven, community-based participatory action research-designed and culturally and linguistically appropriate educational website was well received. It improved Hmong parents' and adolescents' knowledge, self-efficacy, and decision-making processes regarding HPV vaccination. Future studies should examine the website's impact on HPV vaccine uptake and its potential for broader use across various settings (eg, clinics and schools).

Marketing statistical analysis of the website of the University of Customs and Finance

The aim of the article. Analyze the website of the higher education institution (University of Customs and Finance) in Dnipro in comparison with other educational institutions' websites; on the basis of the conducted research, develop the design of the main page of the site. The results of the analyses. Based on the assessment of university websites for 2023, we can conclude that the largest number of visits to the website of the NTU "Dniprovska Polytechnic", and the least number of visits to the website of the University of Customs and Finance. Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University (DDAEU) spent the longest time on the site and viewed 12 pages, the least interested was the information posted on the Dnipro State Academy of Construction and Architecture, number of pages viewed – 2, 5, Time of stay on the UMSF website is 5 minutes. 7 p. and an average of 2.7 pages were viewed. This is a low value of the indicator and indicates that the content posted on the website of the Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University was the most interesting, and the least on the website of the Dnipro State Academy of Construction and Architecture, the percentage of rejections on website of the University of Customs and Finance is 46.45%. Foreign users were most interested in information on the website of the Dnipro National University named after O. Honchar, while foreigners were least interested in the website of the University of Customs and Finance. All the universities we studied use social networks to spread information about their calling. Based on the results of the research, we can conclude that the website of the Dnipro University named after A. Nobel has the best design and navigation, and the website of the Dnipro National University named after O. Honchar has the worst indicators. The website of the studied higher education institution (University of Customs and Finance) has 64 points according to experts. In general, it has convenient navigation, simple design, textual content is accompanied by illustrative content, meaningful information content. A negative indicator is the lack of a site search button on the main page. In addition, contacts for feedback and links to social networks are at the very bottom of the page. Based on the results of the SEO analysis of the site content, we can conclude that the Dnipro National University of Railway Transport website has the largest number of symbols. V. Lazaryan, and the smallest - the Dnipro State Academy of Construction and Architecture. The UMSF website has 14,292 characters. The largest number of unique words on the UMSF website. This means that the text has a higher semantic index. Low semantic index on the PDABA website. The highest "nauseousness" of the text on the website of NTU "Dniprovska Polytechnic", so search engines regard such an article as low-quality. The best content for search engines is the text on the website of the Dnipro State Academy of Construction and Architecture. The content of the website of the University of Customs and Finance is within the norm. "Perfect" website according to the Zipf index of Dniprovska Polytechnic National Technical University. The least naturalness of the text on the page is Dnipro University named after A. Nobel. The text on the UMSF website is considered to be spammed if the quality of the text is 47% according to Zipf's law. The highest site quality index is 440 (Dnieper State Academy of Construction and Architecture), meaning users are satisfied with the site. The lowest level of trust in the portal of the University of Customs and Finance. The results of the calculation of the integral index showed that the Dnipro State Agrarian University has a critical condition in the use of the website, and the satisfactory use of the Internet site has the Dnipro University named after A. Nobel, the state of use of the site of the Dnipro State Academy of Construction and Architecture is assessed as tense. Conclusions and perspectives for further research. To improve the functioning of the website of the University of Customs and Finance, it is necessary to: add an analytics counter to the site, remove duplicates of the main page, improve the site architecture and add internal linking, add a separate postal address for placement on the site, develop a strategy to improve the number and quality of backlinks , improve site security, redirect to the main site address, include keywords in the meta title and meta description, increase the page title tag, add an English version of the site, change the site design. The proposed measures will help to improve the technical characteristics of the site, and, therefore, to occupy better positions in Google's search results. The design change will contribute to better recognition of the university, improvement of the communicative component.

Comparison of Osteopathic (DO) and Allopathic (MD) Candidates Matching Into Selected Surgical Subspecialties.

Context Medical students and graduates apply for post-graduate year-one positions every year through the Single Accreditation System (SAS) National Residency Match Program (NRMP). New opportunities have arisen for osteopathic graduates through the transition to a single match. There is a paucity of information evaluating the effects of this single match on osteopathic (DO) and allopathic (MD) candidates in relation to match rates in competitive surgical sub-specialties such as neurosurgery, thoracic surgery, vascular surgery, otolaryngology (ENT), plastic surgery, orthopedic surgery, and general surgery. Objectives This paper utilizes published data to accomplish three tasks. Firstly, it investigates the effects of the SAS on DO and MD match rates in surgical subspecialties of neurosurgery, thoracic surgery, vascular surgery, ENT, plastic surgery, orthopedic surgery, and general surgery. Secondly, it investigates whether program director credentials and impressions correlate with the match rates of DO or MD candidates in each of these specialties. Finally, it discusses solutions for addressing ways to improve match outcomes for all candidates. Methods Previously published NRMP, National Matching Services, and Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education websites were queried for the number of DO and MD senior applicants for each position, match success rates, program director impressions, and program director credentials for the years 2018-2023. Match success rates were defined as a ratio of the number of candidates that applied to the number who successfully matched. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-squared testing, student t-tests, and linear regression where appropriate. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results From 2020-2023, an increasing proportion of DO residents applied for the selected surgical subspecialties, increasing from 599 applicants in 2020 to 743 candidates in 2023. Overall match rates for DOs remain significantly lower than MD match rates for each of these specialties as well as overall (p-values all <0.05) with summative match rates of 52.89% for DOs compared to 73.61% for MDs in 2023 for the selected surgical subspecialties. From 2020 to 2023 match rates were 30.88% for DOs compared to 74.82% for MDs in neurosurgery, 16.67% versus 46.45% (DO vs MD) in thoracic surgery, 4.17% vs 68.84% (DO vs MD) in plastic surgery, 57.62% vs 73.18% (DO vs MD) in general surgery, 23.21% vs 74.18% (DO vs MD) in vascular surgery, 53.10% vs 72.57% (DO vs MD) for ENT, and 56.92% vs 72.51% (DO vs MD) for orthopedics. There was a statistically significant correlation between the proportion of DO program directors with the rate of DOs matching in the associated specialty (p=0.012). Conclusion There were significantly lower rates for DO candidates compared to MD candidates matching into selected surgical subspecialties of neurosurgery, thoracic surgery, vascular surgery, ENT, plastic surgery, orthopedic surgery, and general surgery. This may be addressed through increasing advocacy at local and national levels, improving mentorship, increasing DO medical student exposure to surgical subspecialties, and ensuring increasing selected surgical subspecialty involvement in teaching these diverse DO applicants in order to strengthen medicine and continue to address predicted growing physician shortages.

Ways to improve user experience of visual impaired groups by accessible design in website-an example study on three educational websites

With the popularization of the concept of equality, people begin to think more about how to let the disabled keep pace with normal people. For example, they should have the same right and access to the same public resources. The Internet, as a useful tool, helping people get rich information, and becomes more and more widely applied. Therefore, the screen reader is designed to help the special groups to receive information on the websites. However, there are still lots of websites that the disabled can't get access to, feeling pain with it, mainly because the website designers do not take accessibility into account while building. In this study, by finding the habit which visually impaired people like to surf the internet, what the massive websites' layouts are like, where the parts are that lead to the confusion the visually impaired people have, then building up an example website, which is for visually impaired students to upload their assignments, to show what an accessible website should be like, finally determining the importance of accessibility for a good website design.

Bamboo Woven Websites for Elementary School Students through Social Collaborative Learning Approach

The effectiveness of cultural recognition through a collaborative social approach adopting the role of technology in preserving culture to elementary school students is undeniable. Hence, this study aimed to develop a bamboo woven educational website using the same approach. This study applied an explanatory research design approach. Quantitative data regarding website development and evaluation of website trials were detailed. This was to determine the accuracy of the website in terms of its development and implementation for users. 39 students, who are close to the bamboo woven culture in the Jepang regency of Kudus, Central Java, Indonesia, were used as the subjects. The instruments involved for data collection were observation, documentation, and questionnaires. The questionnaire validation was carried out by four experts. Meanwhile, the data analysis adopted descriptive statistics to determine the analysis of student needs and responses to the bamboo woven education website. The implementation of the bamboo woven educational website resulted in 87.5% of the respondents acknowledged the ease of use, 81.25% believed that that website enhanced the understanding of the knowledge of cultural concepts within the community, 81% determined that the features used were according to children's needs, 78% considered that fun learning methods were utilised, and 67% verified the sustainable use of the website. Bamboo woven education websites can be used to form skills-based teaching curricula. The displayed information on bamboo woven education websites give impact on sustainable development in facing sustainable cultural and economic challenges.