Need For Education Research Articles

WORKSHOP PENYUSUNAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS PENDIDIKAN INKLUSIF DI GUGUS 1 KEC. KOPANG KAB. LOMBOK TENGAH

Education is one of human efforts to improve the dignity and standard of life. This improvement effort is carried out by developing competence, knowledge, attitudes, and the need for education which is the right of all citizens, and this is guaranteed by the 1945 Constitution. Implementing inclusive education is one way to make this happen. District Government Central Lombok, through the Department of Education and Culture, in collaboration with Innovation Indonesia and FKIP UNRAM, is holding a series of workshops, one of which is strengthening teacher competency in selecting and utilizing inclusive education-based learning media. The workshop was held in Gugus 1 Kec. Kopang with a total of 8 elementary schools and 32 lower class teachers as participants. Activities were carried out in October 2019 through workshops and field assistance. The results of the activity show that the objective of the activity was achieved, namely strengthening the competency of elementary school teachers in selecting and utilizing inclusive education-based media in the classroom. The pretest and posttest results show that the teacher's conceptual understanding has increased.

Some contradictions of multiple perspectives approaches to peace and history education: lessons from Cambodia

ABSTRACT This article reflects on tensions arising in multiple perspectives approaches as they are deployed in response to histories of atrocity and conflict. We call attention to the ways that multiple perspectives intersect with the challenges posed by competing memories of violence and questions of responsibility. Focusing on a peace education programme that sought to work with ‘complex’ perpetrator histories in Cambodia, we explore how peace education can produce its intended aims of building dialogue and empathy across groups while, coextensively, enabling space for potentially harmful forms of historical revisionism. We show how the multi-perspectivity in peace education can be misaligned with the subjectivities that it seeks to reconcile or dignify in the present and reflect on the need for peace educators to develop approaches that move beyond the presentation of ‘perspective’ and identity as synonymous. We conclude by calling attention to other potential figurations of shared responsibility within peace education..

Students’ voices—the dynamic interactions between learning preferences, gender, learning disabilities, and achievements in science studies

AbstractStudents’ individual characteristics influence the effectiveness of instruction and learning and, therefore, the depth of learning. This study brings forth the voices of middle school students regarding their science learning preferences through four modalities: visual, auditory, sensorimotor, and agency support. We examined the relationship between the students’ science learning preferences and three of their personal characteristics (gender, having or not having a learning disability, and level of scientific knowledge and skills). The study encompassed 305 students (166 girls) and applied a quantitative methodology employing two questionnaires: Scientific Knowledge and Skills and Learning Preferences. Analysis of variance and multiple regressions revealed that the participants favored all four learning modalities, with a significant preference for learning via visual and sensorimotor means. Girls significantly preferred learning preferences via visuals and agency support. A significant correlation was found between the level of preference for learning science via auditory means and the students’ level of scientific knowledge and skills. Hierarchical regression analysis showed a significant positive contribution of gender and preference for learning science via auditory means but no contribution of having a learning disability to the students’ level of scientific knowledge and skills. The study results show the importance of implementing multi-faceted instructional strategies to address students’ diversity and learning preferences. Our findings underscore the need for educators and policymakers to be attentive to the students’ voices when striving to narrow gaps, achieve equality among students, and elevate students’ knowledge and skills in science studies.

Type of Primary School Attended Influences Bribe-Giving Intentions

This study provides specific insights into bribe-giving intentions in developing societies with diverse populations, using Malaysia as a case study. We investigated whether there are significant variations in young adults’ intentions to offer bribes, depending on the type of primary and secondary schools they attended. We surveyed 345 young adults and tested for significant differences using Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. We find that those who attended Chinese vernacular primary schools, as opposed to national primary schools, have a higher intention of giving bribes. We found no significant differences for the type of secondary school attended and bribe-giving intention. The results suggest the need for early anti-corruption education in primary schools in curbing corruption. These insights can aid policymakers and anti-corruption agencies in devising targeted interventions and strategies to diminish bribery. Additionally, they can inform future research concentrating on the socialization environment and the act of giving bribes.

Feedback Forge A Tool to Evaluate Your Answer Using AI

Feedback Forge is an innovative online platform designed to enhance users' writing skills through personalized feedback. Traditional feedback mechanisms often struggle to provide timely and relevant guidance, hindering skill development. In response, Feedback Forge leverages advanced technologies, including artificial intelligence and machine learning, to deliver tailored feedback at scale. This paper explores the landscape of feedback mechanisms, highlighting the limitations of traditional methods and the potential of technology-driven solutions. Key themes include the importance of feedback in skill development, challenges faced by traditional mechanisms, and the promise of technology-driven approaches. Moreover, Feedback Forge addresses a critical need in education and professional development by democratizing access to high-quality feedback. It offers a solution to individuals seeking to refine their writing skills independently, without the constraints of traditional feedback channels. By providing personalized feedback, Feedback Forge empowers users to identify areas for improvement, refine their writing techniques, and achieve their learning objectives effectively. In conclusion, Feedback Forge represents a significant advancement in feedback provision, bridging the gap between traditional practices and modern technology. Its implementation underscores the importance of leveraging AI-driven analysis to optimize learning outcomes in the digital age. This paper advocates for continued exploration and evaluation of technology-driven feedback mechanisms to promote skill development and lifelong learning in diverse contexts.

Echoing Parental Scaffolding Style in Co–Constructed Narratives: Its Impact on Executive Function Development in Diverse Early School-Age Children

ABSTRACT Research Findings: Early elementary school is a crucial time for the development of executive functions, but less is known about the impact of parent-child narratives on executive function development in children of this age group. This study aims to investigate the influence of parental scaffolding styles in parent-child co-constructed narratives in the development of transitional kindergartners’ executive function. The sample comprised 35 Hispanic and non-Hispanic parent-child dyads, who were video recorded discussing a past experience at home. Video recordings were transcribed and coded for parental scaffolding strategies. Through principal component analysis, three scaffolding styles were identified: elaborative, eliciting, and echoing. Children’s executive function was measured using the pencil tap task. Hierarchical linear regression analysis revealed that parents’ echoing scaffolding style was positively and significantly associated with children’s executive function outcomes, after controlling for child expressive language, maternal education, and parent dominant narrative languages. Practice or Policy: These findings highlight that the way parents scaffold their children’s narratives can have a positive impact on their development of executive function. It also emphasizes the need for educators and practitioners to recognize the role of parent-child language interactions in supporting children’s cognitive development, and to collaborate with families to promote positive developmental outcomes.

Perspective of Pneumonia in the Health-Care Setting

Pneumonia is a major worldwide health issue, impacting millions of individuals annually and leading to a significant number of hospitalizations and fatalities. Pneumonia is the leading infectious cause of mortality in children globally, responsible for almost 15% of all fatalities in children under 5 years old, as stated by the World Health Organization (WHO). Pneumonia is a prominent reason for hospitalization in the United States, resulting in around 1.5 million hospital admissions annually. Pneumonia is most prevalent in the elderly population, especially those who are 65 years old and above, and persons with preexisting medical disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart disease, diabetes, or a compromised immune system. Pneumonia can vary in severity, ranging from a minor case that can be managed at home to a severe and life-threatening infection that necessitates hospitalization and intense medical care. The symptoms and severity of pneumonia might vary based on the underlying cause, the individual's age and overall health status, and other factors. Pneumonia is a severe respiratory infection that can be caused by several pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and unusual microorganisms. It is defined by the presence of inflammation in the alveoli, which are the small air sacs in the lungs responsible for gas exchange. This inflammation can result in the buildup of fluid or pus, which can hinder the lungs' functionality and impede the body's capacity to obtain sufficient oxygen. The significant burden of pneumonia globally, especially on vulnerable populations like children and the elderly, underscores the need for improved prevention, early detection, and effective treatment strategies. The range in severity highlights the importance of timely and appropriate medical care, as well as the need for patient education on recognizing and seeking treatment for pneumonia. Understanding the diverse etiologies and risk factors for pneumonia can inform the development of targeted interventions and public health measures to reduce the impact of this major respiratory illness.

Assessing nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards breast cancer prevention among female students at the Federal University of Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria

BackgroundBreast cancer remains a complex disease and leading cause of cancer-related death in Nigerian women. Recently, the role of nutrition has been highlighted in the etiology of breast cancer.MethodsThe aim of this research was to evaluate the nutrition-related knowledge, attitude, and practices of female university students. We also investigated the correlation between their demographic characteristics and their knowledge and attitudes of the survey participants. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among female students at the Federal University of Oye (FUOYE), Nigeria. Participants completed self-administered questionnaires designed to assess their knowledge, attitude, and practices concerning cancer prevention. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20, and significance was set at p < 0.05.ResultsOut of the 402 students who received the questionnaire, 300 completed it. The average age of the participants was 21.26 years with a standard deviation of 2.68. There was generally limited knowledge regarding breast cancer risk factors, with 45% of participants citing family history as the most recognized risk factor. Overall, knowledge level was influenced by the participants’ permanent place of residence and course of study. Attitudes towards the impact of maternal and paternal nutrition on breast cancer prevention were notably low. Additionally, less than half of the participants demonstrated good dietary practices.ConclusionThis study revealed low levels of nutrition-related knowledge concerning cancer prevention, accompanied by poor dietary habits among the participants. These results suggest a possible link between inadequate knowledge about breast cancer prevention and the observed poor dietary practices among the participants. The frequent consumption of unhealthy foods among the participants may be a pointer to higher risk of breast cancer in the future, emphasizing a need for health education targeted at this group.

Orthorectic behavior among students and motivation for physical activity, dietary habits, and restrictive eating.

Orthorexia lacks official recognition as an eating disorder; however, orthorexic behaviors, associated with a stringent selection of food, may serve as a predisposing factor to the development of eating disorders. It is characterized by an obsessive preoccupation with healthy eating and strict dietary standards, often prevalent in high-risk groups such as athletes and individuals concerned with their physical appearance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of orthorexia among students exhibiting varying lifestyles (including dietary habits and levels of physical activity, along with their respective motivational factors). The research involved 600 participants equally distributed between health-related (HRF) and non-health-related (NRF) academic categories, with the majority of participants in the HRF category being women. Assessments included BMI calculations, dietary evaluation based on Polish standards, categorization of physical activity levels, the EMI-2 questionnaire on motivation to exercise, the DOS test for orthorexia propensity, and the TFEQ-13 questionnaire for eating behavior. Results showed that primary motivators for physical activity included disease prevention, health maintenance, strength/endurance, and physical appearance. Orthorexia tendencies were prevalent, particularly in the HRF group, linked to lower BMI, better diet quality, higher physical activity levels, and a higher prevalence of restrictive eating. In conclusion, students in health-related fields, driven by a strong health consciousness, are at risk of orthorexia. This emphasizes the need for balanced health education and support. Orthorexic tendencies are associated with distorted perceptions of food portions and calories, underscoring the importance of awareness and intervention.

Preliminary analysis of the disability landscape on Roatán, Honduras

Understanding the needs of persons with disabilities (PWDs) is vital to improving targeted healthcare and resources. The project seeks to assess the prevalence of disabilities, resources used, and care and treatment needs for PWDs on Roatán, Honduras. There is little to no prior research about disabilities on the island of Roatán, and few disability studies available in the country of Honduras. We surveyed 581 community members on the island of Roatán over a period of 6 weeks, on questions surrounding the disability status of themselves and their family members, and resources used by PWDs. Interviews were conducted with physicians, promotoras (community health promoters), and staff at the local Rehabilitation Clinic to assess the social experiences and resource needs of PWDs on the island. Of the 613 subjects obtained from our surveys, 258 (42%) had one or more disabilities. The most common disabilities were vision impairment, mobility impairment, and diabetes. 44.98% reported that the PWD did not visit any medical care facility to receive treatment. We found that there was a lack of disability-specific resources on Roatán, and no consistent definition of disability among community members and healthcare providers. Barriers to care include discrimination; caretaker burden; lack of medications, assistive devices, and specialists; and transportation. Our research highlights the need for more education on disabilities within communities, as well as increasing the amount and depth of disability-specific resources accessible on the island. This study was conducted at the request of Clinica Esperanza to determine how it could better support PWDs on Roatán, and the potential benefit of developing a day home for PWDs.

“I Had No Idea about This:” A Mixed-Methods Exploration of Sexual Health and HIV Prevention Needs among Black Youth in a Southern City

HIV disparities continue to persist among Black youth in the South. We conducted quantitative surveys (N = 83) and follow-up qualitative interviews (n = 13) to assess sexual health needs including but not limited to Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) awareness. Participants all identified as Black; most survey respondents identified as being assigned female sex at birth and heterosexual. Both qualitatively and quantitatively, knowledge about HIV and PrEP and engagement in sexual health preventive behaviors was low. Participants described a need for more comprehensive sexual health education at younger ages and more routinized HIV testing. The latter was recommended even for people with a low perceived risk of HIV. Future studies should explore how to tailor communication to youth of color specifically and understand nuances of experiences they may have based on their sexual orientation and gender identity to promote engagement in sexual health preventive care, including but not limited to HIV prevention and PrEP uptake. The findings suggest that comprehensive sexual care that provides education on HIV, STI, and pregnancy prevention is critical for youth experiencing inequities in a Southern city context.

Current clinical practice and needs assessment in inherited eye diseases from the perspective of ophthalmologists

ABSTRACT Background The clinical approach to inherited eye diseases has evolved due to advances in genetic testing methods and treatment opportunities. However, no data are available on the current practices of ophthalmologists in countries, such as Turkey, with higher rates of consanguinity and inherited eye diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the current practices, knowledge, and needs of ophthalmologists in Turkey regarding inherited eye diseases. Methods A 29-item self-administered survey with a branching algorithm was developed through Google Forms. The survey link was sent to 2983 ophthalmologists in Turkey. The survey assessed respondents’ occupational characteristics, current practices, knowledge about available diagnostic and therapeutic options, and opinions on improving continuing education and healthcare services. Results Responses from 414 ophthalmologists (20.8%) were analyzed. The responses suggested that ophthalmologists mainly collaborate with medical geneticists in respect of inherited eye diseases. The majority of ophthalmologists reported a lack of knowledge about genetic diagnostic tests, and approximately 90% of the ophthalmologists thought training after residency was inadequate for inherited eye diseases. Conclusion This is the most extensive survey exploring ophthalmologists’ practice patterns and needs in a setting without specialists or specialized centers in ophthalmic genetics. The results emphasize the need for continued education on updated approaches to inherited eye diseases.

Comparison of expert treatment recommendations versus community healthcare providers: Analysis from an online decision support tool for metastatic breast cancer.

1053 Background: Management of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is quickly evolving. Beyond hormone receptor (HR) status, a growing list of molecular markers are used to refine individualized systemic treatment (Tx). However, the number of options increases the complexity of Tx decision-making for healthcare professionals (HCPs). Here, we report an analysis of discordance between expert Tx recommendations vs HCPs from an online Interactive Decision Support Tool (IDST). Methods: Five breast cancer experts provided Tx recommendations for 59 unique MBC case scenarios where systemic therapy was indicated. Case scenarios were defined by key characteristics, including HR status, previous Tx, prior duration of response, and actionable biomarkers. After HCPs (n = 91) selected specific patient (pt) criteria and their intended Tx, the IDST showed the breast cancer experts’ recommendations, and HCPs were then asked whether seeing the recommendations changed their intended Tx plan. Experts’ recommendations were compared with that of HCPs to assess for concordance or discordance. Results: For first-line (1L) HR+/HER2- MBC, all experts (100%) recommended endocrine therapy with CDK4/6 inhibitor vs 38% of HCPs. For 1L HER2+ MBC, 62.5% concordance was observed with HCPs selecting expert recommended docetaxel, trastuzumab, and pertuzumab (THP). For 1L therapy for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) based on BRCA1/2mutation and/or PD-L1 status, 44% of HCPs indicated they were uncertain of optimal Tx. Discordant findings were also observed for pretreated pts. For pretreated HR+/HER2- MBC, &lt;50% of HCPs selected expert-recommended elacestrant for ESR1 mutant disease and chemotherapy (CT) if &lt;12 months of prior response to 1L Tx vs 100% of experts. Moreover, 2 out of 5 HCPs agreed with experts in recommending T-DXd in pretreated HER2-low MBC. In pretreated HER2+ MBC, 100% of experts chose T-DXd vs 60% of HCPs if previous THP and no brain metastases, and 60% of experts vs 40% of HCPs chose T-DXd if brain metastases. In recurrent TNBC with no actionable biomarkers and ≥2 previous systemic CT, 7% of HCPs selected sacituzumab govitecan vs all experts selecting this Tx or CT not previously received. Overall, 50% and 29% of HCPs indicated expert recommendations changed or confirmed their practice, respectively. Conclusions: Data from an online IDST demonstrate discordance of expert recommendations and community HCPs Tx selection in MBC, which is made challenging by a number of variables that that must be assessed during the care continuum. Expert recommendations in the IDST often reinforced or changed HCP’s Tx plan, highlighting the need for ongoing education and the potential of an online tool to improve optimal Tx decisions for MBC, particularly when HCPs must consider current guidelines and tumor-specific biomarkers across multiple tumor types they may see.

Overview of self-medication pharmaceutical preparations by the public

Introduction: self-medication is an effort made by an individual to obtain medication and use it without diagnosis, prescription, supervision, or consultation with a doctor to treat certain minor illnesses. Self-medication is self-medication without a doctor's prescription. In disease treatment, risks such as misdiagnosis, use of excessive drug doses, and long-term use can cause adverse effects on patients. Objective: to determine the description of the public's use of self-medicated pharmaceutical preparations. Methods: This type of research uses a descriptive method, namely research that includes surveys with data collection in the form of questionnaires with a total of 81 respondents. The sampling method uses Non-Probability Sampling with Purposive Sampling techniques using an open-ended questionnaire format in collecting data and recording reports. Result: results of research data collection that the description of the use of pharmaceutical preparations by self-medication in the Bung Permai Housing Community is that 81 respondents (100.00%) carry out self-medication, the source of drug information is from print and electronic media, namely 36 respondents (44.45%), the place of purchase of medicine was at the pharmacy/clinic, namely 43 respondents (53.02%), the disease suffered was fever, 23 respondents (28.40%), and the pharmaceutical preparation used was paracetamol, 27 respondents (33.33%). Conclusion: the description of self-help's use of pharmaceutical preparations in the Permai Community Housing is mostly self-medication. Therefore, there is a need for better education and supervision of using pharmaceutical preparations independently to increase understanding and safety in self-medication. It is hoped that in the future, there will be research on public knowledge and behavior regarding self-medication of pharmaceutical preparations so that changes in respondents' knowledge and behavior can be seen after being given good and correct information.

AI frontiers in oncology: Bridging the gap between humanity and machine.

e13657 Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming medical education and how healthcare services are delivered. Oncology healthcare professionals (HCPs) can significantly benefit from the advances of AI including optimized diagnostic capabilities, treatment plans, resource allocation, patient outcomes and much more. The synergy between technology and healthcare is strengthening, heralding opportunities for a revolution in medical education and the broader healthcare industry. We developed an introductory AI workshop and conducted pre- and post-surveys, aiming to inform the design of successive workshops and an AI curriculum, to access knowledge, attitudes and perceived challenges for AI integration into Medical Oncology. Methods: An interactive one-hour workshop was conducted for physicians and faculty of the Hematology and Oncology department. 18 participants, encompassing 6 physicians and 12 other HCPs completed a pre- and post-workshop survey. We evaluated participants' knowledge, opinions, and perceived limitations regarding AI in oncology research, practitioner education, and clinical applications using both open and closed-ended questions, such as multiple-choice and 1-5 Likert scale formats. Results: Survey results included 18 pre-workshop and 17 post-workshop participants, 83% had no formal computer science training: AI knowledge in medicine and awareness of clinical AI applications increased by 100%. Interestingly 24% felt the workshop influenced their view on AI's role in their medical career and better prepared for AI-related challenges. 58% believed AI would assist clinicians within 5 years. However, the belief that AI will play a significant role in their own career did not change after the intervention. Data privacy concerns increased by 25%, while concerns about physician over-reliance on AI decreased by 15%. Notably, 76% were motivated to engage with AI during their future practice after the workshop. Conclusions: The AI initiative significantly enhanced oncology healthcare professionals' understanding and readiness for AI integration, despite most lacking prior formal AI education. A marked increase in AI knowledge and motivation to use AI in practice was noted, although perceptions of AI's impact in their day-to-day work remained unchanged with one workshop, contrasting expert views and predictions. Data privacy concerns rose, but decreased fears of over-reliance on AI indicate a more balanced perspective. These findings stress the need for ongoing AI education in healthcare and underscore the importance of baseline evaluations and feedback for shaping future workshops. Since, AI's integration into society is poised to transform healthcare, an AI curriculum is essential.

The Study of Environmentally Responsible Behaviour in Household Electronic Waste Reverse Logistics: A Systematic Review

This study aims to use a systematic literature review (SLR) as the research methodology on environmentally responsible behaviour in household electronic waste reverse logistics. Specifically, the study aims to examine the environmentally responsible behaviour in household e-waste reverse logistics and the factors that affect these behaviours. A systematic literature review is conducted in which studies published between 2015 and 2023 have been identified from ProQuest, Emerald, and Science Direct databases. A total of 27 studies have been found and analysed in the SLR. This review shows that consumers have expressed multiple behaviours and behaviour patterns. In addition, the study establishes a range of factors that affect consumer behaviours in household e-waste reverse logistics. The results of this study are important for recognising the global phenomenon of electronic waste. The results of this study offer valuable perspectives on consumer behaviour and understanding of the recycling of electronic waste, emphasising the need for better education and promotion of appropriate disposal options. These findings can provide valuable insights for developing effective policies and practices at both the organisational and socio-political levels, resulting in a more sustainable system for managing electronic waste. Furthermore, the research reveals important factors influencing individuals’ e-waste recycling behaviour, offering useful insights for professionals and policymakers in formulating strategies and regulations promoting consumer engagement in e-waste recycling.

Enhancing diverse representation in clinical studies: Recommendations from external subject matter experts (SMEs) and patients to optimize protocols, informed consent and study designs.

e23004 Background: Well-characterized disparities in clinical research have disproportionately affected patients of color, particularly in underserved communities. To tackle these barriers, the Roche-Genentech U.S. Advancing Inclusive Research Site Alliance solicited feedback from external SMEs about recommendations for strategies and tactics to increase Black, Hispanic/Latinx and older adult patient clinical research participation. Methods: Feedback was received virtually and via 1:1 interviews from 13 external SMEs defined as investigators, study coordinators or other clinical research roles that engage directly with patients regarding a Phase III small-cell lung cancer protocol as a use case. Two patients provided recommendations for future clinical study protocols and designs. Additionally, multiple healthcare providers from International Society of Geriatric Oncology provided recommendations for the inclusion of older adults in study protocols. A cross-functional, pan-Roche-Genentech team reviewed the feedback and finalized all materials. Results: Six key themes emerged: (a) use lay terms and humanizing language in patient materials; (b) integrate patient lifestyle realities by allowing flexibility in protocol inclusion/exclusion criteria; (c) improve the ease of patient participation and seek only what is clinically necessary for study assessment; (d) incorporate options for sites to enable them to make the right, and fastest, decision(s) for patients without sacrificing safety or data quality; (e) show commitment to diversity in words and actions such as including target enrollment goals in protocols and incorporating patient input on protocols before protocol finalization; (f) include older patients &gt; 70 years. Patient feedback reinforced the SME themes, except for inclusion of older patients. Patients suggested efficiency, clarity and local community realities be factored into future study designs. Some examples are fewer clinic visits, remote visit options, providing patient transportation and food support in connection with protocol-required visits. Patients also highlighted the importance of explaining the probability of side-effects, clinics being present in the community and the need for greater education and awareness regarding barriers to clinical trial enrollment. One patient relayed the importance of early trial education through general physician offices before a trial is actually needed for a given patient. Conclusions: These SME recommendations provide actionable insights to inform protocol design and patient recruitment strategy and tactics to enhance future protocols from an inclusivity-specific lens. Study teams can use these recommendations to address barriers that make enrollment/retention by underrepresented patient populations difficult.

Exploring Infant Feeding Experiences and Maternity Care Practices in Appalachia.

Our aim was to explore postpartum individuals' experiences and perceptions of breastfeeding and International Board Certified Lactation Consultants' (IBCLC) knowledge and perceptions of maternity care practices and perceived barriers to breastfeeding among their patient populations in Appalachia. Semistructured interviews were conducted with seven IBCLCs and seven postpartum individuals. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. Thematic analysis was conducted to determine emergent themes and subthemes related to knowledge/perceptions, experiences, and barriers to breastfeeding among postpartum individuals, as well as emergent themes associated with the knowledge and perceptions of maternity care practices, easy-/difficult-to-implement Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative maternity care practices, and perceived barriers to breastfeeding among IBCLCs. Postpartum individuals recruited from an Appalachian obstetrics/gynecology clinic were aware of the benefits of breastfeeding, but their infant feeding journeys were more stressful than they expected, and they had limited access to lactation support and breastfeeding education/information. IBCLCs identified the benefits of the Baby-Friendly maternity care practices but mentioned some risks, especially when there is a lack of communication and coordination among providers. Environmental and informational barriers were identified by both postpartum individuals and IBCLCs as breastfeeding challenges potentially amenable to change. To support postpartum mothers in the Appalachian region, environmental barriers (eg, lack of lactation support) and informational barriers (eg, lack of prenatal education) need to be addressed.

Investigating the Child Development of Learners with Special Educational Needs in Inclusive Education

Abstract: This study examined the development of 22 learners with special educational needs (LSENs) in inclusive education at Balamban SPED Center Elementary School in the Philippines. Surveys were used for data collection, and the analysis included descriptive statistics and comparative analysis. Most participants were 5-12-year-old females with three or four siblings. Their families had a monthly income of Php 10,000 or below. Autism was the most common particular need among successful learners, followed by hearing impairment and intellectual disability. According to parents, LSENs exhibited well-developed knowledge, attitude, skills, and behavior. Teachers, however, perceived that only knowledge and behavior were well-developed, while attitudes and skills showed moderate development. Perceptions of parents and teachers regarding child development did not differ significantly. The study concluded that inclusive education plays a crucial role in the success and development of LSENs. Successful learners demonstrated high levels of knowledge and behavior, as assessed by both parents and teachers. Teachers rated attitudes and skills as moderately developed. LSENs achieved functional literacy and adaptive behaviors necessary for daily life and prospects. Collaboration between parents and teachers was emphasized for enhancing child development and fostering holistic learners at home, school, and community. The study recommends that administrators use the findings to develop appropriate programs for LSENs, while teachers and parents utilize the results as an action plan to address educational gaps. The study can serve as a baseline for future research on the benefits of inclusive education for LSENs.

SSENPV's Integrated Management Platform

At the Polytechnic of Viseu (PV) [1], the number of students has been increasing [2], and it is hoped that this trend continues, for the sake of the literacy of the population that serves in its area of coverage and for the reduction of the desertification of the interior region in which is inserted. In the case of Students with Specific Educational Needs (SSEN) who attend the PV (SSENPV), it is extremely important to develop procedures that minimize the anxiety brought about by change for these students, as well as to facilitate their adaptation, to make the period of permanence in Higher Education (HE) an inclusive period, generating well-being, promoting academic success, and facilitating the transition to active life. To combat this phenomenon and since the PV is a Higher Education Institution (HEI) that is guided by equity in its community, in particular the student community, the SSENPV census is a crucial measure insofar as it is necessary to implement procedures, which must respect and obey individual specificities. It is also intended that, regarding access to information on the platform, it will allow reducing asymmetries between students as well as access to services.To respond to this reality, within the scope of the Inova & Includes project. IPV I2 [3], a group of researchers, in partnership with the degree course in Computer Engineering at the Superior School of Technology and Management of Viseu (ESTGV) – curricular unit of “Project”, developed an integrated management platform for SSENPV. This platform, which is intended to be a contribution to true equity in education in the PV, is based on the support of social impact in different dimensions, which translates into the implementation of the following profiles:• Informative Profile: dissemination of legislation and other relevant information on Specific Educational Needs (SEN), ensuring centralized and accessible information management and streamlining procedures and support measures.• Academic Profile: registration and updating of data on the SSENPV.• Technical Evaluation and Follow-up Profile: registration of the SSENPV procedural evaluation, with automatic sending of technical evaluations to authorized users.