Exercise Education Research Articles

Navigating Tensions in School Discipline: Examining School Leaders, Teachers, and the Conversion of Referrals into Suspensions

Purpose: Racial inequality in school discipline is an important challenge facing educational stakeholders. There is little research on how educators exercise discretion in navigating the disciplinary process from perceived misbehavior to disciplinary consequences. Research Methods/Approach: This study draws primarily on semistructured interviews with district leaders, school administrators, and teachers in an urban emergent district in the southeastern United States to examine how principals, assistant principals, and teachers relate to and interact with each other in determining students’ disciplinary consequences. Findings: The findings illustrate the variation of administrators’ disciplinary philosophies across interventionist, interactionalist, and noninterventionist tendencies. Relationships and interactions among school leaders and teachers are a major component of the organizational dynamics underlying how perceived misbehavior is handled in schools. School-level decisions about the generation and adjudication of office discipline referrals are the product of interactional patterns and relationships among adults in schools that partly shape discretion and accountability in disciplinary decisions. The findings unearth two key tensions—disciplinary philosophical tensions and discretion and accountability for office discipline referrals tensions—among district leaders, school administrators, and teachers navigating referrals and further disciplinary consequences. Implications: More intensive on-the-job support for both school leaders and teachers is needed to reduce racial inequality in suspensions. Developing the professional capacity of teachers and school leaders through mentoring, coaching, and professional development is crucial to replacing exclusionary discipline with nonpunitive practices. Districts ought to prioritize supporting school leaders in developing and expanding their professional capacity, who in turn support teachers in addressing school discipline challenges.

Long-Term Tailor-Made Exercise Intervention Reduces the Risk of Developing Cardiovascular Diseases and All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease.

This study aimed to determine the effect of long-term exercise on the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and all-cause mortality in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). A single-center, prospective intervention study using propensity score matching was performed over 24 months. The intervention group (n = 67) received six months of individual exercise instruction from a physical therapist, who performed aerobic and muscle-strengthening exercises under unsupervised conditions. New events were defined as the composite endpoint of stroke or CVD requiring hospitalization, initiation of hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, or all-cause mortality. The cumulative survival rate without new events at 24 months was significantly higher in the intervention group (0.881, p = 0.016) than in the control group (n = 67, 0.715). Two-way analysis of variance revealed a significant effect of the group factor on high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) which was higher in the intervention group than in the control group (p = 0.004); eGFRcr showed a significant effect of the time factor, which was lower at 24 months than before intervention (p = 0.043). No interactions were observed for all items. In conclusion, aerobic exercises combined with upper and lower limb muscle strengthening for six months reduce the risk of developing CVD and all-cause mortality in patients with DKD.

Factors Influencing Pain Response Following Patient Education and Supervised Exercise in Male and Female Subjects With Hip Osteoarthritis.

To understand factors associated with pain intensity responder status following nonsurgical hip osteoarthritis (OA) intervention, according to sex. Data were from individuals with hip OA participating in the Danish Good Life With Osteoarthritis in Denmark 8-week education and exercise program. The following factors were recorded at program entry: age; education; mental well-being; comorbidities; body mass index; symptoms in hip, knee, and low back; and program-specific factors including education sessions, former participant lectures, and supervised exercise sessions. Pain intensity was recorded at baseline and at month 3 (post-program) on a 0-100-mm visual analog scale. Response was defined as pain intensity improvement of ≥30% from baseline to post-program. Logistic regression was used and conducted separately in male and female subjects. The sample included 791 men and 2,253 women. Female subjects had a mean baseline pain score of 47.2 of 100 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 46.4-48.1) and male subjects had a score of 41.7 (95% CI 40.3-43.1). By post-program, the proportion of pain responders was 50.4% among women and 45.8% among men (difference P=0.025). Among women, program-specific factors (attending former participant lectures and more supervised exercise sessions) were positively associated with pain response, as were better mental well-being and fewer comorbidities, while symptoms in other joints/sites were associated with a decreased likelihood of response. Among men, program-specific factors were not associated with response, while better mental well-being and fewer comorbidities were associated with being a responder. Findings suggest that the influence of some factors on pain response differ for male and female subjects and point to a potential need for targeted approaches for men and women who may require different key messages/approaches from health care providers.

Concept Mapping and Reading Comprehension

This paper describes a concept mapping teaching exercise that was implemented in different stages at both the graduate and undergraduate level. First, a small group of graduate students worked to construct a concept map that illustrated the connections between published work as they prepared to take their qualifying examinations. A similar assignment—visually depicting connections between course readings—was implemented between the midterm and final exam in a large-section online undergraduate course. In the undergraduate course, there was noticeable improvement between midterm and final essay responses in which students compared and contrasted readings, and students reported perceptions of it as a valuable exercise. Structured interviews with both undergraduate and graduate students further confirm that concept mapping can improve learning outcomes at both levels of instruction. The project reveals important differences in the way that both sets of students approach relational exercises involving readings and suggests ways of using concept mapping to enhance students’ retention of the material.

Development of Word Root-Based Digital Dictionary for Shorof Mastery

The goal of this research was to explain how to develop a word root-based digital dictionary for shorof mastery to make it easier for language learners in recognizing word root and meaning in the use of dictionaries as well as to find meaning of each or some vocabularies in the text. The research method used in this study was Research and Development, using the ADDIE model which includes five stages, namely (1) analysis, (2) design, (3) development, (4) implementation, and (5) evaluation. The subjects were college students and students of Al-Khoirot Islamic Boarding School Malang. The data collection techniques were observation, interview, and questionnaire. This development research data analysis technique used two data analysis techniques, namely qualitative descriptive analysis and quantitative descriptive analysis. The qualitative data is in the form of data identification, data grouping, data presentation and explanation, and conclusion. While the quantitative data is a percentage analysis technique in analyzing quantitative data. The results of this development were in the form of a word root-based digital dictionary for shorof mastery that has six displays, which are preface, instructions for use, dictionary, exercises, references, and developers. The assessment by students and college students reached an average score of 94.7% which is valid category. Hence, it can be concluded that this digital dictionary is feasible to use at any time in learning Arabic and students are able to learn independently wherever they are.

Effects of simulation training on student confidence in de-escalation skills

Background: There is increasing demand for access to mental health support services both for ongoing care and at time of crisis. Preparation of undergraduate students for encounters with those with ongoing mental health care and/or at a time of psychological distress/crisis remains sporadic and difficult to encompass. Simulation gives students opportunities to develop technical and non-technical skills through the recreation of an experience that is as close to reality as possible. Method: An exploratory evaluation of teaching practice of student self-perceptions of self-awareness and self-regulation in encountering clinical situations with persons in high states of arousal and potential conflict was conducted. To evaluate the exercise and its value, students were asked to self-evaluate their confidence and knowledge both prior to and subsequent to the teaching exercise. Results: There was a positive shift in self-awareness and self-regulation post training. Confidence in being able to de-escalate a situation was reported as the key outcome to take from the session, along with techniques on how to de-escalate a scenario. Conclusion: While it is not possible at this stage to definitively measure the impact of the teaching on practice or draw firm conclusions for education providers, the evaluation exercise does evidence individual impact and enjoyment. The teaching approach may prepare the future workforce with the skills and knowledge needed to provide high-quality care.

Estágio supervisionado: relato de observação e regência numa escola de ensino fundamental em Tauá-CE, Brasil

The supervised internship aims to instruct the academic in the exercise of teaching, as well as conjecture about future performances as a teacher. The objective of the work is to outline the observations made during the observatory internship as well as the teaching practice. The internship was carried out in an elementary school in the city of Tauá-CE, in the 6th grade A and B. It was used as a technological tool and pedagogical support in the teaching/learning process: data show, notebook, laser, interactive images, video and application of a didactic game addressing the themes: the structures and dynamics of the earth and the relationships between biotic and abiotic factors to help students understand the content studied in the classroom, with reference to the book Companhia das Ciências 6º ano, ed Saraiva, 4th ed-2015. Most students consider 55.55% excellent performance by the intern, 11.11% average, 33.33% good, and 0% bad. 6th year B students consider 89.66% excellent performance by the intern, 0% average, 10.34% good 0% bad. The research showed that 100% of the students consider that the content of the classes was passed on clearly and that they used different tools to teach. This work will serve as support for the exercise of the teaching profession, where the knowledge experienced in the classroom was important to realize how relevant the teaching profession is and that when the professional finds himself and understands himself in this condition of exercising his future profession, he loses a little of the fear in relation to the new that he seeks.

Learning as a life proposal: Reflection from teaching in health sciences

The following reflection is the result of a microanalysis exercise in education carried out during the Masters in Higher Education Teaching of the Universidad El Bosque, which arose from the analytical and descriptive elaboration of categories, properties, and dimensions from the following questions: what is learning? What should a professor of medicine do for the student to learn in the clinical practice site?

Investigation of Linguistic Expressions of Lifting Motion or Posture among Experts in Exercise Instruction

Investigation of Linguistic Expressions of Lifting Motion or Posture among Experts in Exercise Instruction

Empirical study on the effectiveness of online groups using a mobile health application for middle-aged and older adults to continue exercising.

[Purpose] This study aimed to determine the effects of a mobile health application, and exercise instructions by a physical therapist on exercise frequency, duration, and intensity for middle-aged and older adults. [Participants and Methods] The study included males and females in their 50s to 70s, who provided consent to participate. Thirty-six people who wished to participate in the online group were divided into groups of five or six each, with a physical therapist as group leader. The frequency, intensity, duration of exercise, and group activities were surveyed using questionnaires: before coronavirus disease (COVID-19) (before March 2020, when the novel coronavirus began to spread in Japan), during COVID-19 (after April 2020), after digital versatile disc (DVD) distribution, and after online group initiation (3 weeks after DVD distribution for the control group). [Results] The online group received significantly more frequent instructions by a physiotherapist than the control group. The control group did not show significant changes over time, whereas the online group exercised significantly, more frequently after the intervention. [Conclusion] The online mode and physical therapist intervention resulted in a significant increase in exercise frequency. Exercise advice from professionals and peer presence to continue exercising together were beneficial.

Where There's a War, There's a Way: A Brief Report on Tactical Combat Casualty Care Training in a Multinational Environment.

With most combat deaths occurring in prehospital settings, the US Armed Forces focuses on life-threatening conditions at or near the point of injury. Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC) guidelines are required for all US Servicemembers. Multinational militaries lack this requirement, and international partner forces often have limited prehospital medical training. From November 2019 to March 2020, military members assigned to the Role 2E at the Hamid Kazai International Airport (HKIA) North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) base conducted multinational TCCC training. The standardized Joint Trauma System (JTS) TCCC curriculum consisted of two-day classroom instruction and situational training exercises. Competency was assessed through verbalized and demonstrated knowledge. After Action Reviews (AAR) were completed. Twelve multinational TCCC training courses trained 590 military Servicemembers and civilians from 10 countries, ranging from 16 to 62 participants (avg class size = 35). Portugal and Turkey represented the two largest participating nations with 219 and 133, respectively. Student feedback determined optimal group ratios for instruction. AARs were reviewed to categorize best practices. Multinational TCCC standardization will save lives. Most nations lack TCCC training requirements. Thus, providing opportunities for standardized training for HKIA residents helped established a multinational baseline of medical interoperability. Utilizing this curriculum in multinational environments can replicate these results. International adoption of TCCC is dynamic and ongoing and should be promulgated to reduce preventable deaths.

Ankle osteoarthritis: an online survey of current treatment practices of UK-based podiatrists and physiotherapists

BackgroundPatients with painful ankle osteoarthritis (OA) have a mixed experience of non-surgical management which they may attribute to a lack of guidance for clinicians on usual care treatment. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to survey the current clinical practices of UK-based physiotherapists and podiatrists for the treatment of painful ankle osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsUK-based physiotherapists and podiatrists who treat patients with ankle OA completed a self-administered online questionnaire about their professional and clinical service characteristics, diagnostic criteria, treatment aims, preferred treatment options, and treatment outcome measures. Data were collected anonymously and stored on JISC online survey. ‘Usual care’ was defined as a combination of ‘Always’, and ‘Frequently’, and ‘Not usual care’ was defined as ‘Sometimes’ ‘Rarely,’ ‘Never’, and ‘not applicable’ combined. Statistically significant differences in responses between the physiotherapists and podiatrists were analysed using X2 tests for each treatment modality. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.ResultsBetween 1st June 2021 and 31st August 2021, 100 responses were received; 2 were invalid. Of the 98 valid responses, 63 were from physiotherapists and 35 from podiatrists. The most common treatment aims in both professions were to reduce pain (n = 87, 89%) and improve quality of life (n = 82, 84%). 50 respondents (51%) offered 3 or 4 treatment sessions and 53 respondents (54%) saw patients for 30–40 min at the first treatment session.The five most common modalities used by physiotherapists were patient education (n = 63, 100%), teaching self-management (n = 58, 92%), lifestyle modification (n = 54, 86%), ankle strengthening (n = 55, 87%), and proprioception exercises (n = 54, 86%). For podiatrists, these were patient education (n = 35, 100%), ankle strengthening (n = 31, 89%), activity pacing (n = 28, 80%), lifestyle modification (n = 27, 77%), and gait training (n = 27, 77%).ConclusionsThis first-ever survey revealed physiotherapists’ and podiatrists’ current practices to treat painful ankle OA. This study provides a better understanding of how ankle OA is treated in UK current clinical practice and can inform future clinical trials to compare current practice with new treatment modalities.

The Effects of Postural Education or Corrective Exercise on the Craniovertebral Angle in Young Adults with Forward Head Posture: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The Effects of Postural Education or Corrective Exercise on the Craniovertebral Angle in Young Adults with Forward Head Posture: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Solution to Laplace’s Equation Using Quantum Calculus

The quantum calculus emerged as a new type of unconventional calculus relevant to both mathematics and physics. The study of quantum calculus or q-calculus has three hundred years of history of development since the era of Euler and Bernoulli, and was appeared as one of the most arduous techniques to use it in mathematics as well as physical science. At present, it is used in diverged mathematical areas like number theory, orthogonal polynomials, basic hypergeometric functions, etc. Furthermore, in order to get analytical approximate solutions to the ordinary as well as partial differential equations, q-reduced differential technique and quantum separation of variable technique are used in mathematics, Mechanics, and physics. In this paper, Laplace’s equation, a well-known equation in both Physical and Mathematical sciences, has been solved extensively based on the basics of calculus, transformation methods, and q-separation of variable method. In addition, solutions to the Laplace’s equation as obtained by using different boundary conditions are revisited and reviewed. Consequently, all the necessary basics of q-calculus are displayed one by one, and thereafter, the process of finding its solution in view of quantum calculus is described extensively. In order to find out the exact solutions the dimensionality of all the parameters related to the problem has been described. As an essential outcome, it is also found that, as q tends to 1, the solution takes the form as it is in general physics. Hence, this article presents a review and extension that describe the solution to Laplace’s equation in view of both Leibnitz and quantum calculus. Thus, it can add a pedagogical exercise for the students of both physical and mathematical sciences to understand the usefulness of quantum calculus.

Combined Exercise and Education Program: Effect of Smaller Group Size and Longer Duration on Physical Function and Social Engagement among Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Exercise, education, and social engagement are critical interventions for older adults for a healthy life expectancy and to improve their physical function. To conduct a combined exercise and education (CEE) program for improved social engagement and physical function of older adults. Based on a short-term program we conducted in our previous study, in this study, the program was conducted for half the number of participants of the earlier study but for a longer duration. A community of older adults in Ami, Japan, was the setting of the study. 23 healthy older adults >65 years living in the community were the participants in the study. Five 80-minute sessions conducted once in two weeks comprised 60-min exercise instruction and 20-min educational lectures per session on health. We examined the improvement in physical and social engagement before and after participation. Physical function and health-related questionnaire data were collected before and after the program. Data analysis from 15 participants showed improved physical performance but no effect on social engagement. A higher program frequency, rather than program duration, may be vital to improving exercise performance and social engagement and maximizing the effects of high group cohesion in small groups. Further studies are needed to develop more effective interventions to extend healthy life expectancy.

Entrepreneurship Teaching Exercises: integrating generative AI

Entrepreneurship Teaching Exercises: integrating generative AI

Study on the influence of learning gains on the learning satisfaction in public PE courses—Taking learning conditions as the regulatory variable

The structural equation model of learning satisfaction is established. Through the fitting analysis of the model, it is found that the adjustment effect of the learning condition exists. Under the same learning harvest, the better the learning conditions, the better the students' satisfaction with the physical education courses. Learning conditions will not only affect the effect of physical education exercise, but also have a significant impact on the degree of students' inner love for physical education courses. On the basis of the specific index analysis, five suggestions are put forward, such as strengthening the construction of school sports venues and the rich physical exercise atmosphere, and improving the teaching conditions of public physical education courses.

Educational exercises for cognitive overlap and their impact on learning some hoop skills for rhythmic gymnastics

The aim of the research is to prepare educational exercises for the cognitive overlap to learn some of the hoop skills in rhythmic gymnastics, and the researcher used the experimental approach by designing the two control and experimental groups on the students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Baghdad and Al-Mustansiriya, numbering 18 students. Rhythmic at the rate of one educational unit per week for 12 educational units. The exercises are implemented for the experimental group in the main section of the educational unit, and its time is 45 minutes. The results showed the superiority of the experimental group over the control group in the skills studied and recommended the use of cognitive overlapping exercises, especially in rhythmic gymnastics skills.

Comparative study of development of flexibility of mentally challenged girls 0f 10-12 years

The aims of the research study were to Compare Development of Flexibility among Mentally Challenged Girls of 10-12 years old by using adapted Physical and Therapeutic Exercises Programme. The need of this study was, Researcher feels that mentally challenged children are most neglected population in the society. They struggle very hard to meet their daily routine of the day. The subjects were selected from different schools in mentally challenged school children (girls). To have the difference of data for assessing the development it was decided to impart training and organize the test on subjects and the same subjects to be evaluated after a gap of six months with periodical evaluation for alteration in training The Flexibility Standard testes which are applicable for Mentally Challenged children a) Shoulder rotation test for Shoulder flexibility. b) Forward bend and reach for Trunk flexibility c) Side split test for Hip joint flexibility were selected for evaluating the development of Flexibility. Researcher hypothesized that there will be significant difference in flexibility in mentally challenged girls. Imparted six month training program in which Selective adapted physical education exercises and various therapeutic exercises were included. After Six Months training period the tests were administered individually under standard conditions applicable for specific tests and the time period required between two tests is amply considered. Every subject is allotted with a code and a separate self-contained form for training as well as for test results. Mean, Standard deviation and T-test were applied for statistical findings. From statistical data interpretation it can be stated that there is insignificant difference appeared in the development in Flexibility after adapted physical education exercises hence the hypothesis was rejected.

Music Supported Exercises in Gymnastic Education

Balance and rhythm skills are very important in gymnastics education. Therefore, the aim of this research, examine the effects of coordination exercises on balance performance and rhythm skills in children when applied with music as a different method in basic gymnastics education. The study was conducted in an experimental design with pretest posttest control group and lasted for 11 weeks. 20 children aged between 9-12 participated the study. All of the children got gymnastics education for a maximum of 2 years. A personal information form was used to identify the participants. Balance measurements were taken with the Y-Balance Test (YBT), and rhythm measurements were taken with the Rhythmic Competence Analysis Test (RCAT). Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used in the analysis of the data. As a result of the study, a significant difference was obtained between the pretest-posttest rhythm measurements and balance scores of both the experimental and control groups. It was concluded that musical coordination exercises gave similar results in terms of balance and rhythm development in line with the standard gymnastics program, but it was not more effective as a different method.