Editorial Decision Research Articles

AUDITING FACEBOOK ALGORITHMS: THE ELAPSED EFFECTS OF FACEBOOK NEWS FEED TO ENGAGEMENT WITH GUARDIAN ARTICLES

In this paper, a proof-of-concept study is performed to validate the algorithmic auditing of Facebook News Feed. We tracked and documented public or otherwise known changes to the algorithms through Facebook public announcements, industry research, and information leaked to the press to parametrize a model that accounts for the variation in user engagement with Guardian news articles. To this end, we queried the Guardian API to collate a database of all Guardian articles published between 2010 and 2020 and subsequently queried the CrowdTangle API to retrieve Facebook engagement metrics for Guardian articles. We modeled this time series using time series analysis, including cross-correlation, anomaly detection, and granger causality tests to examine the relationship between changes to Facebook News Feed and engagement with Guardian articles over the past decade. Our results show that hard news items, particularly those classified in the section ‘News’ by the Guardian API, are significantly more likely to have been impacted by changes made to the News Feed Algorithm in the period. We conclude with a discussion on the asymmetric power exerted by social platforms on news organizations and the elapsed effects of algorithmic changes to website traffic, business models, and editorial decision-making in the news industry.

Do Short Sellers Affect Corporate Innovation? Evidence from a Policy Experiment

Abstract We examine the effect of short sellers on corporate innovation. To establish causality, we use a policy experiment that exogenously removes the short-selling constraint for a randomly selected subsample of Russell 3000 firms. We find that innovation quality, value, and efficiency of treatment firms improve significantly more than those of control firms surrounding the policy shock. The exposure to patenting-related litigation initiated by short sellers is a plausible underlying mechanism through which short sellers discipline firm managers and enhance innovation. Our paper provides new insights into an unintended real effect of short sellers, specifically their improvement of technological innovation. (JEL G14, G18, G34, K22, O31, O32) Received December 10, 2018; editorial decision February 12, 2023 by Editor Andrew Ellul. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.

Fred J Boyd 2022 oration

Michael Dooley is the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research and author of this oration. He was excluded from editorial decision-making related to the acceptance and publication of this oration. Data sharing not applicable — no new data were generated.

‘Such Cold, Dispassionate Terms Fail Us’: Reading Hansard as an ‘Archive of Feelings”

Abstract This article proposes a distinctly affective methodological approach to Hansard transcripts using feminist affect theory and Pierre Bourdieu’s reflexive methodologies. Expanding the ‘toolkit’ of analysis available to parliamentary and legislative researchers to understand the political worlds we inhabit, I contend scholarship engaging with Hansard is shaped—but not limited—by the format and editorial decisions that inform its publication. Feminist scholarship on affect enables both (i) generative methodological approaches to so-called limitations of Hansard, and (ii) empowers a critical advancement of how researchers can engage Hansard as data. Considering the Hansard corpus as a process (rather than a thing) enables analyses to begin not with the question of can affect and emotion be present in transcripts, but rather how can emotion and affect proliferate throughout a genre designed and mediated in such a way as to occlude these emotional and affective speech patterns. I conclude by offering methodological strategies through an exploration of research vignettes drawn from my work with Canadian provincial Hansards.

Mcrs1 regulates G2/M transition and spindle assembly during mouse oocyte meiosis.

Microspherule protein 1 (Mcrs1) is a component of the nonspecific lethal (NSL) complex and the chromatin remodeling INO80 complex, which participates in transcriptional regulation during mitosis. Here, we investigate the roles of Mcrs1 during female meiosis in mice. We demonstrate that Mcrs1 is a novel regulator of the meiotic G2/M transition and spindle assembly in mouse oocytes. Mcrs1 is present in the nucleus and associates with spindle poles and chromosomes of oocytes during meiosis I. Depletion of Mcrs1 alters HDAC2-mediated H4K16ac, H3K4me2, and H3K9me2 levels in nonsurrounded nucleolus (NSN)-type oocytes, and reduces CDK1 activity and cyclin B1 accumulation, leading to G2/M transition delay. Furthermore, Mcrs1 depletion results in abnormal spindle assembly due to reduced Aurora kinase (Aurka and Aurkc) and Kif2A activities, suggesting that Mcrs1 also plays a transcription-independent role in regulation of metaphase I oocytes. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the transcription factor Mcrs1 has important roles in cell cycle regulation and spindle assembly in mouse oocyte meiosis.

Editorial

This issue is one of two that spotlight Francophone West Africa, a long-planned project. Here, all the papers are in French, an editorial decision informed by the need to increase further the visibility and readership of the journal in French speaking countries worldwide. To be sure, this has been the case in the past decades as revealed in our analysis of downloads of papers in French following increased submission and published peer review of such papers. Yet, as the journal became swamped with submissions in French, we feel we must not relent in ensuring that they do not lag behind those in English. The second of the two issues will be in English with, of course, all papers focusing on Francophone West Africa. It will focus on different socio-economic aspects of some of the countries the authors chose for their respective research and analyses. Dr Hélène V Quashie, of LARTES-IFAN Université Cheikh Anta Diop / Institut des Mondes Africains Senegal was charged with the responsibility of co-ordinating all the papers for this special issue, in terms of getting them ready after the mandatory blind review. She titled the issue which is essentially a monograph given its specialised focus.

PIF7-mediated epigenetic reprogramming promotes the transcriptional response to shade inArabidopsis.

For shade-intolerant plants, changes in light quality through competition from neighbors trigger shade avoidance syndrome (SAS): a series of morphological and physiological adaptations that are ultimately detrimental to plant health and crop yield. Phytochrome-interacting factor 7 (PIF7) is a major transcriptional regulator of SAS in Arabidopsis; however, how it regulates gene expression is not fully understood. Here, we show that PIF7 directly interacts with the histone chaperone anti-silencing factor 1 (ASF1). The ASF1-deprived asf1ab mutant showed defective shade-induced hypocotyl elongation. Histone regulator homolog A (HIRA), which mediates deposition of the H3.3 variant into chromatin, is also involved in SAS. RNA/ChIP-sequencing analyses identified the role of ASF1 in the direct regulation of a subset of PIF7 target genes. Furthermore, shade-elicited gene activation is accompanied by H3.3 enrichment, which is mediated by the PIF7-ASF1-HIRA regulatory module. Collectively, our data reveal that PIF7 recruits ASF1-HIRA to increase H3.3 incorporation into chromatin to promote gene transcription, thus enabling plants to effectively respond to environmental shade.

Reviewers for Journal of Medical Entomology (November 2021–October 2022)

Journal Article Reviewers for Journal of Medical Entomology (November 2021–October 2022) Get access Journal of Medical Entomology, Volume 60, Issue 2, March 2023, Pages 422–424, https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjad006 Published: 06 March 2023 Article history Editorial decision: 03 January 2023 Received: 03 January 2023 Published: 06 March 2023

Goliath induces inflammation in obese mice by linking fatty acid β-oxidation to glycolysis.

Obesity is associated with metabolic disorders and chronic inflammation. However, the obesity-associated metabolic contribution to inflammatory induction remains elusive. Here, we show that, compared with lean mice, CD4+ T cells from obese mice exhibit elevated basal levels of fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO), which promote T cell glycolysis and thus hyperactivation, leading to enhanced induction of inflammation. Mechanistically, the FAO rate-limiting enzyme carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (Cpt1a) stabilizes the mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase Goliath, which mediates deubiquitination of calcineurin and thus enhances activation of NF-AT signaling, thereby promoting glycolysis and hyperactivation of CD4+ T cells in obesity. We also report the specific GOLIATH inhibitor DC-Gonib32, which blocks this FAO-glycolysis metabolic axis in CD4+ T cells of obese mice and reduces the induction of inflammation. Overall, these findings establish a role of a Goliath-bridged FAO-glycolysis axis in mediating CD4+ T cell hyperactivation and thus inflammation in obese mice.

Correction to: 'Behind the developing brains and beating hearts of stem cell-derived embryo models' (2023) by Amadei and Glover.

Open AccessMoreSectionsView PDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Cite this article Amadei Gianluca and Glover David M. 2023Correction to: ‘Behind the developing brains and beating hearts of stem cell-derived embryo models’ (2023) by Amadei and GloverOpen Biol.13230034230034http://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.230034SectionOpen AccessCorrectionCorrection to: ‘Behind the developing brains and beating hearts of stem cell-derived embryo models’ (2023) by Amadei and Glover Gianluca Amadei Gianluca Amadei Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author and David M. Glover David M. Glover Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author Gianluca Amadei Gianluca Amadei Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author and David M. Glover David M. Glover Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author Published:08 March 2023https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.230034This article corrects the followingResearch ArticleBehind the developing brains and beating hearts of stem cell-derived embryo modelshttps://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.220325 Gianluca Amadei and David M. Glover volume 13issue 1Open Biology11 January 2023 Review history Review history is available via Web of Science at https://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway/wos/peer-review/10.1098/rsob.230034/ Open Biology13, 220325. (Published online 11 January 2023.) (https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.220325)The conflict of interest disclosures should have read as follows:Conflict of interest declaration. D.M.G. is a member of the Open Biology Editorial Board and is the spouse of Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz. As an author of the above Commentary article, D.M.G. had no involvement in the peer review or editorial decision-making, which was handled by Subject Editor Marek Mlodzik. G.A. declares no conflicts of interest.This has been corrected on the publisher's website. Previous Article VIEW FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD PDF FiguresRelatedReferencesDetailsRelated articlesBehind the developing brains and beating hearts of stem cell-derived embryo models11 January 2023Open Biology This IssueMarch 2023Volume 13Issue 3 Article InformationDOI:https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.230034PubMed:36883284Published by:Royal SocietyOnline ISSN:2046-2441History: Manuscript received06/02/2023Manuscript accepted06/02/2023Published online08/03/2023 License:© 2023 The Authors.Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. Citations and impact Subjectsdevelopmental biology

Generating scholarly content with ChatGPT: ethical challenges for medical publishing.

Generating scholarly content with ChatGPT: ethical challenges for medical publishing.

A combinatorial panel for flow cytometry-based isolation of enteric nervous system cells from human intestine.

Efficient isolation of neurons and glia from the human enteric nervous system (ENS) is challenging because of their rare and fragile nature. Here, we describe a staining panel to enrich ENS cells from the human intestine by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). We find that CD56/CD90/CD24 co-expression labels ENS cells with higher specificity and resolution than previous methods. Surprisingly, neuronal (CD24, TUBB3) and glial (SOX10) selective markers appear co-expressed by all ENS cells. We demonstrate that this contradictory staining pattern is mainly driven by neuronal fragments, either free or attached to glial cells, which are the most abundant cell types. Live neurons can be enriched by the highest CD24 and CD90 levels. By applying our protocol to isolate ENS cells for single-cell RNA sequencing, we show that these cells can be obtained with high quality, enabling interrogation of the human ENS transcriptome. Taken together, we present a selective FACS protocol that allows enrichment and discrimination of human ENS cells, opening up new avenues to study this complex system in health and disease.

SVINnovation Challenge: Fostering Innovation in Vascular and Interventional Neurology

SVINnovation Challenge: Fostering Innovation in Vascular and Interventional Neurology

The SMC5/6 complex recruits the PAF1 complex tofacilitate DNA double-strand break repair inArabidopsis.

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are one of the most toxic forms of DNA damage, which threatens genome stability. Homologous recombination is an error-free DSB repair pathway, in which the evolutionarily conserved SMC5/6 complex (SMC5/6) plays essential roles. The PAF1 complex (PAF1C) is well known to regulate transcription. Here we show that SMC5/6 recruits PAF1C to facilitate DSB repair in plants. In a genetic screen for DNA damage response mutants (DDRMs), we found that the Arabidopsis ddrm4 mutant is hypersensitive to DSB-inducing agents and is defective in homologous recombination. DDRM4 encodes PAF1, a core subunit of PAF1C. Further biochemical and genetic studies reveal that SMC5/6 recruits PAF1C to DSB sites, where PAF1C further recruits the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes UBC1/2, which interact with the E3 ubiquitin ligases HUB1/2 to mediate the monoubiquitination of histone H2B at DSBs. These results implicate SMC5/6-PAF1C-UBC1/2-HUB1/2 as a new axis for DSB repair through homologous recombination, revealing a new mechanism of SMC5/6 and uncovering a novel function of PAF1C.

Racial Concordance in the Market for Financial Advice

Abstract We examine the role of race and racial concordance between financial advisors and their local community. We document significant differences in stock market participation based on community racial composition, as well as differences in the characteristics of communities served by minority advisors. Notably, minority advisors are more likely to serve racially concordant communities, which tend to be poorer. We find that racial concordance has only a modest relation with local stock market participation. However, while minority advisors are more likely to leave the industry, this relation is mitigated among advisors located in more concordant communities. (JEL G20, G50, D14, J15)

The Other Insiders: Personal Trading by Brokers, Analysts, and Fund Managers

Abstract When brokers, analysts, and fund managers buy or sell stocks for their own accounts, these “access employees” of financial institutions outperform retail investors over short windows up to a month. They earn particularly high abnormal returns when they trade before earnings announcements, revisions of analyst recommendations, and large stock price changes. We also find evidence consistent with profitable front-running and information leakage around the execution of corporate insider trades and block trades by mutual funds, as well as the release of revised recommendations by analysts who work at the same brokerage firm. (JEL G12, G14, G18) Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.

Acute Spinal Subdural Hematoma in a Patient With Multiple Spinal Aneurysms.

HomeStrokeAhead of PrintAcute Spinal Subdural Hematoma in a Patient With Multiple Spinal Aneurysms No AccessCase ReportRequest AccessAboutView PDFSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload citationsTrack citationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InMendeleyReddit Jump toNo AccessCase ReportRequest AccessAcute Spinal Subdural Hematoma in a Patient With Multiple Spinal Aneurysms Mohamad Abdalkader, MD, Julie G. Shulman, MD, Anurag Sahoo, MD, Thomas Ford, MD and Thanh N. Nguyen, MD Mohamad AbdalkaderMohamad Abdalkader Correspondence to: Mohamad Abdalkader, MD, Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118. Email E-mail Address: [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9528-301X Department of Radiology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, MA. (M.A., T.N.N.) Search for more papers by this author , Julie G. ShulmanJulie G. Shulman Neurology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, MA. (J.G.S., A.S., T.F., T.N.N.) Search for more papers by this author , Anurag SahooAnurag Sahoo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7611-2832 Neurology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, MA. (J.G.S., A.S., T.F., T.N.N.) Search for more papers by this author , Thomas FordThomas Ford https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2160-8248 Neurology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, MA. (J.G.S., A.S., T.F., T.N.N.) Search for more papers by this author and Thanh N. NguyenThanh N. Nguyen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2810-1685 Department of Radiology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, MA. (M.A., T.N.N.) Neurology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, MA. (J.G.S., A.S., T.F., T.N.N.) Neurosurgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, MA. (T.N.N.) Search for more papers by this author Originally published9 Feb 2023https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.122.042120Stroke. 2023;0"Acute Spinal Subdural Hematoma in a Patient With Multiple Spinal Aneurysms." Stroke, , pp. –FootnotesThis manuscript was sent to Jean-Claude Baron, Guest Editor, for review by expert referees, editorial decision, and final disposition.For Sources of Funding and Disclosures, see page xxx.Correspondence to: Mohamad Abdalkader, MD, Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118. Email mohamad.[email protected]org Previous Back to top Next FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Advertisement Article InformationMetrics © 2023 American Heart Association, Inc.https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.122.042120PMID: 36756890 Originally publishedFebruary 9, 2023 Keywordstomographyhematoma, subduralmagnetic resonance imaginganeurysmhemorrhagePDF download Advertisement SubjectsAneurysmMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)Vascular Disease

How Does Corporate Governance Affect Equity Volatility? Worldwide Evidence and Theory

AbstractWe investigate the causal impact of corporate governance on equity volatility in a quasi-natural experimental setting by exploiting the staggered passage of governance reforms in the past 25 years. Using a sample of 33,831 firms from 48 countries, we find that equity volatility drops by one-fifth following the passage of reforms that increase board independence. This effect is driven by an adjustment in fixed operating costs as managerial expropriation decreases, rather than by changes in firms’ investments, profitability, asset risk, or financing decisions. We rationalize these findings with a model in which minority shareholders are subject to sticky managerial expropriation. (JEL G12, G32, G34)Received October 14, 2021; editorial decision July 26, 2022 by Editor Robert Marquez. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.

Retracted] MicroRNA‑148a suppresses epithelial‑mesenchymal transition and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells by targeting Wnt10b and inhibiting the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway.

Following the publication of this article, a concerned reader drew to the Editor's attention that various of the data panels showing the results from Transwell cell migration and invasion assay experiments in Figs.2D and4D contained groupings of cells that were markedly similar, even though the cells appeared in separate panels that were intended to show the results from different experiments. In addition, the cell images shown in Fig.2B were strikingly similar to data that had appeared in different form in another article published by different authors at a different research institution. After having conducted an internal investigation of this matter, the Editor of Oncology Reports has judged that the groupings of cells, appearing as they did among various different panels in Figs.2 and 4, were too extensive that their apperance could have been attributed to pure coincidence. Also in view of the fact that some of the data were derived from a previously published source, the Editor has decided that this article should be retracted from the publication. After having been in contact with the authors of this study, they agreed with the Editor's decision to retract this article. The Editor sincerely apologizes to the readership for any incovenience caused, and we thank the reader for bringing this matter to our attention. [Oncology Reports 38: 301‑308, 2017; DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5705].

News Values Revisited: A Comparison Between Citizen and Mainstream Media in Hong Kong

ABSTRACT News values is a research topic that has received extensive attention in the scholarship. However, previous studies have not widely examined news values in the context of Citizen Journalism. Drawing on Harcup and O’Neill’s (2017. “What is News?: News Values Revisited (Again).” Journalism Studies 18 (12): 1470–1488) contemporary news values model, this study employs a content analysis of 420 Citizen Journalism and mainstream news lead articles in Hong Kong media, collected respectively from the local outlets StandNews and MingPao. The results show that Citizen Journalism publication StandNews tends to adopt and make similar use of news values to the mainstream MingPao in publishing its articles, which suggests that in Hong Kong, Citizen Journalism is increasingly closing the gap with mainstream media in terms of the editorial decisions that lead to the publication of news stories and, more in general, in terms of newsworthiness. This study intends to contribute to the comprehension of how news values compare between Citizen Journalism and mainstream news outlets, and therefore whether Citizen Journalism presents traits of newsworthiness.