Advisory Editor Research Articles

The Letters of Ernest Hemingway: Volume I, 1907–1922 (review)

Reviewed by: The Letters of Ernest Hemingway: Volume I, 1907–1922 Joseph Fruscione The Letters of Ernest Hemingway: Volume I, 1907–1922. Eds. Sandra Spanier and Robert W. Trogdon. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. lxxxiv + 431 pp. Cloth $40.00. 8 August 1918. A young, recently wounded Hemingway writes to his sister Marcelline: Why oh bright beam of an August moon have you not written me? Is it that you love me not? Or is it but neglect? If but the girls of our village could see me in my dress uniform, I am of a great fear that the men would be wifeless. However for them to appreciate my scars it would be necessary for me to wear no pants (i.e. trousers); or else to have flaps sown the length of the knees that they might be unbuttoned at will to show the marks of valour which may be many and various. Ah Hah! I will wear nothing but my tank suit! Then will all be revealed. N’Espa? (Letters I, 127–128) Written just one month after his serious wounding on the Italian front, this playful letter reveals some definitive aspects of the nascent Hemingway persona: the war, the wounding, the romance of the injured veteran, the “valour” (real and constructed), the use of a foreign language, and the eager performance of Hemingway. In this and many other pieces in The Letters of Ernest Hemingway: Volume I, 1907–1922, one sees the “private patois” Spanier describes in her introduction as common in Hemingway’s letters (xxv), such as the “Ivory” nickname used elsewhere in this letter for his sister, who could also be or “Mash,” or “Old Ivory,” or any of at least four others. The expertly edited Volume I of this projected multivolume series collects 264 letters, ranging from July 1907 to December 1922. Sandra Spanier, Robert Trogdon, and the editorial team have done a superb job gathering, organizing, and framing the early letters emphasizing the people, experiences, and places of Hemingway’s early life. Oak Park, northern Michigan, Kansas City, Paris, Italy, Constantinople, and Switzerland are among the places that figure prominently in this collection. From these and other locales, Hemingway wrote to his parents, siblings, friends, professional acquaintances, and fellow writers, as [End Page 124] well as to Hadley Richardson, who would become his first wife. By and large, this first volume of The Letters of Ernest Hemingway is a major event in American literary studies that has both scholarly and popular appeal. Either way, it is excellent to read, or study, or both. The scholarly editing pedigree for Volume I speaks for itself: Sandra Spanier and Robert W. Trogdon are the primary editors; Albert J. DeFazio III, Miriam B. Mandel, Kenneth B. Panda are Associate Editors; and J. Gerald Kennedy is Advisory Editor. That said, their scholarly presence is apparent but not invasive or distracting. The editors provide a clean, readable page layout and typography. The volume’s editorial apparatus is thorough and useful, containing edition and volume introductions by Spanier and Trogdon, respectively; a foreword by Linda Patterson Miller; maps of Oak Park, northern Michigan, Paris, and Europe; a chronology; and explanations of spelling choices, punctuation, interlineations, abbreviations, and other editorial matters. A roster of correspondents, calendar of letters, and index—all extremely clear and helpful—conclude this volume. The editors impressively trace the genealogy of each letter: whether it has been previously published, where (if anywhere) it is archived, if it is typed or handwritten, if and how it was signed, and what kind of envelope, postmarks, and other features round out its significance. This volume even reproduces the many small images Hemingway sometimes drew on his letters, such as the sketch of a roulette table accompanying his 16 February 1920 letter to Dorothy Connable containing gambling advice (e.g., “The thing to do however is to watch what numbers aren’t winning” [224]), or the beer stein (consistent with his “Stein” nickname) accompanying his signature on a March 1919 letter to Jim Gamble. “We aim for this edition to be as inclusive as possible,” Spanier notes of the project as a whole, “comprising all of Hemingway’s...

Editorial introductions

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases was launched in 1988. It is part of a successful series of review journals whose unique format is designed to provide a systematic and critical assessment of the literature as presented in the many primary journals. The field of infectious diseases is divided into 11 sections that are reviewed once a year. Each section is assigned a Section Editor, a leading authority in the area, who identifies the most important topics at that time. Here we are pleased to introduce the Section Editors for this issue. Section Editors Marc J. StruelensMarc J. StruelensMarc Struelens completed his medical degree at the Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium in 1980. After obtaining a Diploma of Tropical Medicine at Prince Léopold Institute of Tropical Medicine in Antwerp, he worked for 3 years as Research Associate at the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh. He returned to Brussels in 1984 to become Board certified in Clinical Pathology at ULB- Erasme Hospital and completed his masters in Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control in 1987. He obtained a PhD on the molecular epidemiology of nosocomial infections in 1993 and developed and directed the hospital epidemiology and infection control unit. He was appointed Associate Professor then full Professor of Medical Microbiology and Chair of the Microbiology-Immunology Board at the Faculty of Medicine of the ULB, Associate Head of Clinic then Director of the Department of Microbiology, Erasme Hospital, Director of the national reference laboratory for MRSA and Head of the Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Unit, School of Public Health, ULB (until 2009). In 2010, he joined the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control as Senior Expert, Scientific Advice Unit, Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare-Associated Infections. He has published over 230 peer-reviewed articles and 25 book chapters and served as editor or editorial advisor for international journals including Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, Clinical Epidemiology, Future Microbiology, Microbial Drug Resistance, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Infection, Journal of Medical Microbiology, Reviews in Medical Microbiology, Infection Genetics and Evolution and Journal of Microbiological Methods. He has served as Scientific Officer and President for the European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, and chaired the European Study Group on Epidemiological Markers, the Belgian Infection Control Society and the Belgian Infectious Disease Advisory Board. He has been member of national and international advisory boards, including WHO and European Commission expert consultations and participated in EU-supported research networks in the fields of microbiology, hospital infection and antimicrobial resistance. He has been awarded distinctions, such as the Belgian Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Award and elected Fellow of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America and member of the European Academy of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. José G. MontoyaJosé G. MontoyaDr Montoya is originally from Cali, Colombia and completed his medical degree with honors at the Universidad del Valle. He trained in Internal Medicine at Tulane University in New Orleans. Following his residency, he completed his fellowship in Infectious Diseases at Stanford University in Palo Alto under the mentorship of Dr Jack S. Remington. He is currently Associate Professor of Medicine and founder and co-director of the Immunocompromised Host Service at Stanford University Medical Center. He is also the Director of the National Reference Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Management of Toxoplasmosis in the United States at the Palo Alto Medical Foundation in Palo Alto, California.

Message from the advisory editor of ‘Biomedical Engineering Letters’

Message from the advisory editor of ‘Biomedical Engineering Letters’

Letter from the Editor

The most important event in the life of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology (BCPT) and in pharmacology in general in 2010 was the 16th World Congress on Basic and Clinical Pharmacology or WorldPharma2010, which took place in Copenhagen, 17–23 July. WorldPharma2010 was organized by the Danish Society for Pharmacology jointly with the British Pharmacological Society under the auspices of IUPHAR, the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. BCPT was the largest sponsor of WorldPharma2010. BCPT and WorldPharma2010 have been working hand in hand almost since I became Editor-in-Chief in 2003 for the mutual benefit of both parties. There were over 3200 registered participants, of which half came from outside of Europe and of these more than one-third from developing countries. It was a true World Congress since in all, there were participants from over 80 countries. The programme consisted of about 700 oral presentations and almost 2000 posters spread over plenary lectures, 2–3-day focused conferences, workshops and symposia. The programme was a blend of basic and clinical pharmacology and a demonstration that both branches contribute to and depend on each other. The Secretary General, Professor Michael J. Mulvany, and I believe that the congress achieved its goal of providing a platform for the future development of the discipline. Immediately before the Congress, we received the happy news that the Journal’s Impact Factor for 2009 had increased to 2.308. In this context, I want to thank all the authors who submit their manuscripts as well as the reviewers who assist me and the two associate editors Professor Ulf Simonsen and Professor Jens Lykkesfeldt and Copy Editor Henrik Horneberg in selecting and improving the best of the scientific work that we have been evaluating. During 2010, I have had an excellent collaboration with the members of the Executive Committee, the MiniReview Editors, the Editorial Advisers and the North American Field Editor. You will find their names listed in this issue. Laurent Becquemont, Julio Benitez and Jan-Bjørn Osnes have ended their term as Editorial Advisers and I wish to thank them for their contributions. They have now been replaced by Ingolf Cascorbi, Stephan Christen, Charis Liapi, Mikko Niemi, Paola Patrignani, Jens Zimmer Rasmussen, Juan Tamargo and Carlos Villalón. I wish you all welcome on board! To all readers, authors and reviewers: a Happy New Year!

About the Authors

About the Authors

History's a Mystery

History's a Mystery Bruce Kuklick (bio) Robin Le Poidevin, The Images of Time: An Essay on Temporal Representation (Oxford University Press, 2007). When the editor of Historically Speaking asked me to report on this book, I jumped at the chance, for I have a long-standing interest in the philosophy of history. But as an advisory editor of the magazine, I also told Don Yerxa that a review might not serve him well. I don't believe that the philosophy of history gives much help to historians in the trenches, and I have found that the opaque subject does not much appeal to them. Don mildly persisted, and I have spent some time chewing on this short but thickly written monograph. Have an aid to digestion handy. Poidevin elucidates the various ways in which we conceive of time and its passing. He wants, for instance, to inquire how memory works because memory fundamentally acknowledges that time has gone by. But the author also looks at how visual artists depict time. While I have a limited knowledge of painting, I take in Poidevin's analysis of Marcel Duchamp's Nude Descending a Stair Case. Eadweard Muybridge's successive photographs of a galloping horse capture this notion even better for me. You look at a series of pictures, and see temporal change. If you consider film a visual art, watch the Robert Redford-Barbra Streisand movie, The Way We Were or the beginning of Saving Private Ryan. Poidevin scrutinizes how drama and fiction show such change. Take J.B. Priestley's play, Time and the Conways. In Act I we meet the young and hopeful Conways. In Act II we see them disappointed and disillusioned twenty years later. In Act III we return to the time of Act I. Although Acts I and III display the Conways in the same light, in Act III the same hopeful Conways lose a bit of their hope. We note that they are somehow headed for what they will be like in the future, because we know what will happen in the future. In these and other illustrations Poidevin delves into what he calls the representation of time. He wants to learn about how we envision or imagine the transformations that time brings. But Poidevin is also looking for a bigger fish. The University of Leeds has titled him a professor of metaphysics, that is, the study of the ultimate nature of reality. Thus he inspects how we represent changing time as a way of figuring out the nature of time itself. How we understand time should shed light on its reality. And if we think about what time really is, we can perhaps puzzle out why it comes across the way it does in our representations. We separate what we know about something and what it is in itself, and then reason that getting a handle on the one will tell us something about the other. Here we have to chomp on some even denser material to get a purchase on Poidevin's investigation. Once upon a time we had a group of philosophers called the Anglo Hegelians. Although not all English, this prepossessing bunch wrote in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. They were most committed to making clear the historical dimensions of life about which the German philosopher G. W. F. Hegel speculated. One of the most formidable of these Anglo Hegelians was John McTaggart Ellis McTaggart. In 1908 McTaggart published an essay called "The Unreality of Time." McTaggart distinguished between two ways of meditating over time. We can contemplate events as past, present, and future. In this A-series we have real change, the experience of time passing. Or we can think of time as ordered events, each one before or after another. Here we have an earlier or a later, but no idea of a now that was once coming and will soon be receding. This is the B-series. If the B-series reflects the true nature of things, we have no change. A crucial arrangement exists to the series but no future that turns into the present only to become past. Anglo Hegelians like McTaggart loved to...

Student Theatre in Poland: Vehicles of Revolt, 1954–57 and 1968–71

Polish student theatre was a unique artistic movement in the Soviet post-war empire, with a liberty of expression unparalleled elsewhere in the Soviet bloc. As in every political system, in any country, its creators and its public were students and young intellectuals. These theatre-makers used the umbrella of the Polish Students' Union – a surprisingly democratic institution in a totalitarian political order – and all attempts at their repression were usually appeased by the activists of the student organization, often the friends and supporters of the theatre-makers. After the creation of the Socialist Union of Polish Students these activists became more dependent on the Communist Party, but the Party establishment decided, in the period of the ‘thaw’ (1954–57), that the student artistic movement would be maintained as a kind of artistic kindergarten for avant-gardists and supporters of artistic and political revolt, to let them manifest their beliefs within the well-guarded, limited territory of student cultural centres. However, the young rebels overcame these restrictions and created a focus of artistic opposition which had a wide social and artistic influence, especially during subsequent periods of political crisis. Juliusz Tyszka was himself an activist in the student theatre movement in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Now an NTQ advisory editor, he is head of the Unit of Performance Studies, Institute of Cultural Studies, Adam Mickiewicz University at Poznań, Poland.

Looking Into the Mirror of Time: Reflections on the Life and Work of Edwin T. Layton Jr., 1928-2009

Looking Into the Mirror of Time:Reflections on the Life and Work of Edwin T. Layton Jr., 1928-2009 Eda Kranakis (bio) Looking into the mirror of time, back to the fall of 1975, the first reflection I see in my mind's eye is the image of Ed Layton's guardian angel—Albrecht Dürer's Melencolia—looking down from his office wall at the University of Minnesota. That autumn he was a newly appointed professor at the university, and I was a new Ph.D. student intent on studying the history of technology. It seems long ago, and it seems like yesterday. Ed explained to me that the angel depicted the essence of the historian's life: the quest for knowledge combined with the inevitable loneliness of scholarly work. Looking back from thirty-five years, I see that Dürer's print also captures some of the deepest characteristics of Ed Layton as a scholar. On one level, this Northern Renaissance masterpiece expresses the great humanistic spirit that pervaded his life and teaching. On another level, the angel's paraphernalia—from mathematical shapes to measuring instruments and [End Page 543] workmen's tools—convey his love of technology, science, and mathematics, which directed the corpus of his scholarly work. And on still another level, the image's Neoplatonic, allegorical character reflects Ed's philosophical side, his unrelenting desire to discover the deeper, simpler truths and structures beneath the complex surface of historical events. Ed was as much philosopher as historian, which partly explains the enduring impact of his contributions to the history of technology. Ed Layton was not only a great humanist and brilliant scholar and teacher; he was also a leader of the Society for the History of Technology's institutional and intellectual development, serving on all the major prize committees, on the executive council, and finally as vice president and president between 1983 and 1986. For more than two decades he was an advisory editor for Technology and Culture or a key member of the SHOT editorial committee. In 1971 he received the society's Dexter Prize for The Revolt of the Engineers: Social Responsibility and the American Engineering Profession, cited as "a model of research and synthesis in the social history of technology," and nineteen years later he was awarded the Leonardo da Vinci Medal. Through his intellectual contributions, Ed influenced our understanding of technological knowledge, the interaction of science and technology, issues related to engineering design, ethics, and ideology, and the nature and history of engineering professionalization. Yet the scope of his interests ranged much further. Indeed, few have matched the depth and breadth of his knowledge of human culture and society from ancient times to the present. In his last year of life, despite declining health, he was still reading voraciously in subjects as diverse as ancient and medieval music, cosmic physics, poetry, film, astronomy, and naval history. Born and raised in Los Angeles, Edwin Thomas Layton Jr. rose above a childhood that left him with a sense of abandonment. His father and namesake was an Annapolis-trained naval officer who became the head of intelligence for the U.S. Pacific Fleet, reaching the rank of rear admiral, and who gained fame posthumously from his book And I Was There (1985), which recounted events leading up to the attack on Pearl Harbor. Ed had only limited personal interaction with his father, however. Layton senior was sent overseas when his son was less than one year old, and his parents soon divorced, both of them eventually remarrying and founding new families. At the age of seven, when his mother remarried, Ed was left without explanation to be raised by his grandmother. His mother remained emotionally aloof, and, though he tried several times throughout his life to establish a personal relationship with his father, he was rebuffed. Still, Ed always took a keen interest in naval affairs. He joined the U.S. Navy Reserve while still a teenager, leaving only when he got his first full-time teaching position, and later presented talks on naval intelligence relating to his father's career. Ed's psyche also bore the imprint of growing up during the Great...

From the Editor

From the Editor Rev. Thomas M. Kocik Explanation is not excuse, yet it frequently puts a new face on matters . The present number of Antiphon arrives much later than had originally been scheduled, and for that I must beg our readers’ pardon. It was probably inevitable, given the increased demands on my time as a parish priest, theology instructor, spiritual director, and writer with (other) publishing commitments. In early June, I informed the Board of Directors of the Society for Catholic Liturgy of my desire to relinquish the editorship of Antiphon beginning in 2011. My decision was not made lightly; nor, I am happy to say, was it received gladly. I have learned much from serving as editor and hope that during these past two years I have made a contribution of some value. Until the board appoints my successor, I will try to see the next number of Antiphon through to publication – there is ample material for it – and to put things in order for a smooth transition. I remain grateful for the assistance of Msgr Michael Heintz, our Book Review Editor, and the editorial advisors whose names appear on the masthead. In the Current Number Thomas Harmon observes in his essay the tendency among some moral theologians to depreciate the role of the sacraments in living the Christian moral life. This is partly the result of an inadequate understanding of the sacraments as sanctifying, efficacious signs of the divine gifts they signify. If the recipient is properly disposed, the sacraments are fruitful of the grace that enables love of God and love of neighbor. Drawing deeply from the thought of St Thomas Aquinas, Harmon places the sacraments at the center of our incomprehensibly exalted vocation to live and love in the name of the triune God. His work exemplifies the practice of theology as an integrated science rather than a jumble of discrete specializations. The essay by Owen Vyner takes up the question of what Sacrosanctum concilium was calling for in its affirmation that “full, conscious , and active participation in liturgical celebrations” is the “aim to be considered before all else” (no. 14). There has been no dearth of opinions and politicizing with regard to the participation of the lay faithful in the sacred liturgy. The usual disagreement is centered on whether this is to be understood externally, or rather as interior Antiphon 14.3 (2010): 244-246 245 from the editor participation. This is of course a false dichotomy. The Second Vatican Council affirms both internal dispositions and external gestures as essential to a correct understanding of participatio actuosa. Vyner is particularly interested in Pope Benedict XVI’s claim that active participation is necessarily linked to an appreciation of beauty in liturgical celebration and ambience. Yesterday’s reform is today’s convention calling for reform. Although Vatican II did not make the celebration of Mass “facing the people” (versus populum) compulsory, liturgists championed it and the practice rapidly spread throughout the Latin Church. Today there is a new interest, primarily among younger priests, in celebrating the liturgy facing ad orientem, towards the east, towards the rising sun symbolizing Christ, the Oriens ex alto. This is the ancient way of offering the Eucharistic Sacrifice and it remains the practice of the Eastern Christians. Still, eastward orientation remains largely misunderstood and maligned, as if it were all about the priest having his back to the people (a return to clericalized liturgy!), or devotion to the reserved Blessed Sacrament (commendable in itself, but not liturgical!), or anything else besides what it is has always symbolized. Citing the witness of Christian antiquity, Sister Madeleine Grace, CVI, aims to show in her Pastoralia contribution that a common orientation of priest and people expresses the full dimensions of the Eucharist better than celebration versus populum. The Commentary by Father Peter Stravinskas suggests modest steps toward ongoing liturgical renewal along lines generally supported by those who seek a “reform of the reform.” Many of these suggestions do not touch upon the Roman Missal itself but rather concern liturgical discipline and praxis; some are presently permissible and therefore require no new legislation. Father Paul McGavin’s brief Essay proffers a method of harmonizing both forms...

Africa Writes Back: The African Writers Series & the Launch of African Literature

Reviewed by: Africa Writes Back: The African Writers Series & the Launch of African Literature Celucien L. Joseph (bio) Currey, James . Africa Writes Back: The African Writers Series & the Launch of African Literature. Athens, OH: Ohio UP, 2008. Heinemann Press, a European publishing house based in London, entered Africa's literary sphere in 1958, when it published Chinua Achebe's classic and best-selling Things Fall Apart, the book that gave birth to modern African literature. This publication not only set the foundation for the African literary canon but also provided the impetus for the foundation of the African Writers Series, which started in 1962, with Achebe as its editorial advisor. Thanks to the efforts of James Currey, the editorial director of Heinemann Educational Books of the African Writers Series from 1967 to 1984, African poet-activists and public intellectuals entered a new era of literary innovation, creativity, and cultural decolonization. As Achebe observes, the "launching of the Heinemann's African Writers Series was like the umpire's signal for which African writers had been waiting on the starting line" (1). In Africa Writes Back, Currey recounts this adventurous journey, detailing the publishers' endless conversations with writers and with Heinemann's literary agents, as well as the cultural and political phenomena that informed these exchanges. The Series "was to become to Africans in its first quarter century what Penguin had been to British in its first 25 years" (1). The goal of the book is "to provide a narrative of how it came together" (viii). Africa Writes Back focuses on the first quarter-century of the series from 1962 to 1988. The book is the first account that discusses the genesis of the African Writers Series in such copious detail. The preliminary section, "The publishing and selling of the African Series," highlights the main actors and summarizes the challenges, successes, and the joint labor and commitment of Currey's colleagues to initiating and expanding the Series. Achebe uses the phrase "conspirators in the launch of African literature" (24) to refer to the collaborative effort of Alan Hill, Aig Higo, Henry Chakava, Keith Sambrook, and James Currey to establish the African Writers Series. The book is structured geographically, and divided into five equal parts. Representative writers from five corners of Africa (West, East, North-Eastern, South, and Southern) are introduced accordingly. The book's geographical orientation rightly indicates the significant contribution of continental African literature and correspondingly speaks for Africa's diverse literary voice. Currey discusses the publication process of the works of eight distinguished writers: Chinua Achebe, Ngugi wa Thiong'o, Nuruddin Farah, Alex la Guma, Dennis Brutus, Bessie Head, Mazisi Kunene, and Dambudzo Marechera. Each chapter incorporates short excerpts of works by writers in the Series and generously distributes archival photographs and portraits of those represented writers by George Hallett. Observations indicating collaboration and misunderstandings as well as corresponding letters between potential and already-established writers and James Currey and his colleagues are also included. The book includes a full list of all paperback titles published in the African Writers Series from 1962 to 2003 by year of publication. It also records Heinemann's published works that made it to the list in the Africa's 100 Best Books of the twentieth century, juried by the Zimbabwe International Book Fair (ZIBF). In a remarkable way, the book signals a sense of (literary) movement, progress, and active involvement toward the process of publishing Africa. [End Page 359] Part 1: "Writers from West Africa" gives special attention to Nigerian writers, Négritude writers from Senegal to Cameroun, and magical realist writers from Ghana, the Gambia, and Sierra Leonne. It was in Nigeria, however, that so much got started for various reasons. First, Achebe, the first published poet and novelist of the African Writers Series, was born in Nigeria. Second, Achebe's Things Fall Apart (1958) and its sequel, No Longer at Ease (1960), both published by William Heinemann, called Westerners' attention to Nigeria as an important site of modern African writing in English. Third, the appointment of Achebe as Editorial Adviser to the Series in 1962 was indicative of Nigeria's literary promise and early prominence. Finally, according to Currey, by the...

IN MEMORIAM: DIETERICH J. SCHURING (1922–2006)

The topic of rolling friction is addressed in most mechanical engineering texts and handbooks; however, much of the data provided therein is dated and not relevant to tires. In general, friction in bearings and wheels refers to the energy loss retarding the rolling motion of cylindrical objects traveling over a flat or curved surface. For the specific case of tires, we often refer to such energy dissipation using various units of measurement—viz., power loss, energy consumption, or more commonly, rolling resistance. The investigation of tire rolling resistance, and its impact on vehicle fuel consumption, came to the fore during the oil shocks of the 1970s. Prior to that time, tread wear and traction were the dominant performance characteristics receiving the lion’s share of attention by the world’s tire manufacturers.Dr. Dieterich Schuring (1922–2006) was the industry’s foremost expert on tire loss mechanisms during his service with Firestone (1976–1990). He served the Tire Society in many key roles, including the following: Vice President (1993–1994), Editorial Adviser (1975–1993), Plenary Lecturer (1988), and Conference Program Chair (1986). His thirty publications addressing tire rolling resistance and/or vehicle fuel economy during his tenure at Firestone have continued to influence our research thinking, development efforts, and public policy choices into the present century. Known as “Dieter” to his colleagues, he was born in Germany in 1922, entered military service, but spent the last years of WWII as a prisoner-of-war in Egypt. Repatriated to Europe in late 1947, he then undertook mechanical engineering studies at the Technical University of Hannover. After receiving his Ph.D. degree, he investigated off-road locomotion and vehicle/soil interactions with research organizations on both sides of the Atlantic (1952–1968). At the Space Division of General Motors, he was a member of the design team that developed wheels for the lunar rover used on the Apollo 15, 16, and 17 missions to the moon. Dieter came to the attention of the tire industry because of his research studies at Calspan (1968–1976) in Buffalo, NY, during the development of the first commercially viable, flat surface, force and moment machine known as TIRF.Schuring’s magnum opus in the field of tire mechanics was his comprehensive (127-page) review, The Rolling Loss of Pneumatic Tires, published in 1980. To prepare for this work, he plumbed the depths of classic studies by C. A. Coulomb, Osborne Reynolds, and David Tabor for added insights into the subject of rolling friction—not satisfied with the summary treatments found in existing engineering textbooks. He updated his review in 1990, critically analyzing the multitude of studies that had been published during the preceding decade. He introduced and promoted the concept of the “return factor” (fuel consumption change/rolling loss change), showing that the fuel usage of fully loaded trucks is more than twice as sensitive to rolling loss changes as that of passenger cars. He postulated and demonstrated that pneumatic tires of all sizes, from bicycle to earthmover, are constructed such that, on average, about the same amount of loss energy (heat) is generated per unit mass and unit distance traveled. He emphasized fundamental principles, stressing, e.g., that rolling loss is a scalar and not a vector quantity. His expertise guided the activities of the industry committee on which he served that developed and issued the first recommended practice (SAE J1269) for measuring tire rolling resistance.Schuring had an inquiring mind and meticulous work ethic that he used to address a broad range of mechanical engineering subjects. He authored a well-received, still extant, 300-page text, Scale Models in Engineering: Fundamentals and Applications (Pergamon, 1977). An earlier version of this book was originally published in the Japanese language. His first publications (1958–1960), in German, dealt with rheological studies of soft materials, which served him well while interacting with materials scientists and rubber compounders in the tire industry. Dieter investigated other tire properties in the same disciplined fashion as rolling resistance. Overall, he published more than eighty technical papers: twenty dealing with off-road tire performance and mobility, and fourteen addressing tire force and moment measurement and analysis. Other publications dealt with heat-transfer, tire running temperatures, and airflow inside the pressure chamber of a rolling tire. The results of some of Schuring’s most compelling studies, dealing with nonuniformities in tires, utilized his mathematical skills in statistical analysis. Unfortunately, this work remained largely unpublished because of perceived proprietary and trade secret content. For example, he reasoned and demonstrated early on that there was no “silver bullet” in extant production processes for manufacturing more uniform tires. Schuring spent the last third of his R&D career directly in the tire industry; one can only imagine what other significant contributions he might have made if he had spent his entire professional life with us.

Africa Writes Back: The African Writers Series and the Launch of African Literatureby James Currey

Reviewed by: Africa Writes Back: The African Writers Series and the Launch of African Literature Stephen Gray Africa Writes Back: The African Writers Series and the Launch of African Literatur BY James Currey Oxford, UK: James Currey; Athens, OH: Ohio UP; Johannesburg: Wits UP; Ibadan: HEBN; Nairobi: EAEP; Harare: Weaver; Dar es Salaam: Muki na Nyota, 2008. xxxii + 318 pp. ISBN 978-0-8214-1843-7 paper. James Currey (who often prefers to write about himself in the third person), known nowadays to have hived off as the eponymous imprint of African specialty books, was over 1967–1984 the pioneering editor of Heinemann Educational Books’ African Writers Series. That wonderful orange ghetto of little volumes surely was one of the most powerful factors, as his subtitle says, in the postwar launch of African literature, particularly in English. His Africa Writes Back, then, is a memoir-scrapbook of those burgeoning years, including an introduction on the in-house team and chapters of the various regions (the West and the East where offices and editorial advisers were maintained, the [End Page 177] North-east, South, and Southern), with sidebar biographical portraits of star turns (like Chinua Achebe, Nuruddin Farah, and many more), concluding in a bibliography of the series up to 2003 (over three hundred titles with, in the 1970s, a rate of twenty titles per annum). The whole is generously illustrated with George Hallette author pics and his black and white front covers that became so familiar. This is a benchmark achievement, yet, as Currey remarks, “A lot for a single publisher. Not many for a continent.” For the first decade it is understandable that West African males dominated the list, with Achebe as the editorial adviser offering his imaginative support for the first hundred titles. Incidentally, it also emerges that his own titles in the series account for an astounding one-third of the total revenue. Which means a sporty spark of humor between favorite author and publisher when their most famous title goes on to a rotary press using an unsewn binding, with fingers crossed that things do not now really fall apart. (The striking wit of the book, however, is Taban lo Liyong.) But the actual disintegration that was to take place was the Nigerian foreign exchange closure in 1982, leading to what Currey often calls “the African book famine,” which compelled the search for new titles to move elsewhere. From Achebe, Currey proceeds to Ayi Kwei Armah, with whom relations must have been scratchy (the latter memorably described the whole operation as “a neocolonial writers’ coffle owned by Europeans but slyly misnamed ‘African’ ”); on to Ngugi, making it as the first writer aiming to live off his earnings in royalties; to spirited vignettes of Tayeb Salih and several others, such as Luís Bernardo Honwana. In the latter case Currey is typically unable to give credit where it is due for his achievement in releasing the wonderful We Killed Mangy-Dog of 1969, when many of the pieces had previously won prizes and been boomed in Nat Nakasa’s The Classic two years before (i.e., prior to making it next into Alan Ross’s The London Magazine). Some other such local initiatives have the right to be miffed at being overlooked as well. As a white male with age-old South African connections, Currey has had to do some duck and diving, in order to establish his personal nonracist credentials. His forebears include the first British sheriff of Natal Colony, not that he says so, and his father was the highly distinguished South African poet R. N. Currey. The inheritor of such a history is thus at pains to stress that, for example, while working for OUP in Cape Town, from 1962 he moonlighted on The New African, following it into exile in London later in the decade. Indeed, through this fine and brave radical review where he worked hands on, including lettrasetting headings and contributing accounts of his own collecting trips through newly independent African countries, he first made contact with several contributors who would become his future authors (Can Themba, Richard Rive, Bessie Head, Alfred Hutchinson). During the anti-apartheid boycott decades he prominently...

Announcement

The Editors, Advisory Editor and the Publisher have the sad duty to announce the death of Olgierd C. Zienkiewicz, long standing board member of this journal. An obituary will be published shortly in the International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, the journal founded by Professor Zienkiewicz together with Professor R. H. Gallagher, in 1969. Professor Zienkiewicz was one of the giants in the development of the finite element method. He will be greatly missed. We extend our sympathy to Helen, his wife, and to all of his family.

Editorial note: A centenary in prospect and a development programme

The purpose of this Note is to provide readers with an introduction to some new and some continuing developments in the Town Planning Review as it reaches the centenary of its first publication in 1910. Such occasional moves have happened periodically during the past one hundred years as new circumstances have intervened and as opportunities and priorities have changed. Drawing on readership surveys and consultations with the Editorial Board, the editors and publishers have worked together to establish a centenary development programme for the Review over the next few years so as to enhance and update the author and readership services provided by the journal. Three main features of the programme addressed in this Note are: (a) new appointments to extend the TPR's reach in North America; (b) provisions to provide extended electronic access for authors and readers; and (c) calls for wider engagement in the authorship of continuing and some newer content features. New editorial appointments Since the earliest days of its publication, Town Planning Review has published papers and reviews on topics authored far from its traditional editorial base in Liverpool. From Volume 20 and its re-founding in the late 1940s, under the editorship of Gordon Stephenson, the Review took a step further in drawing in not only other colleagues in Britain as co-editors, but also Frederick J. Adams of MIT and later Clarence Stein from North America. That direct international collaboration and involvement in the editorial team is being renewed from Volume 80 and it is our pleasure as publisher and editors to introduce two new editors from North America - Armando Carbonell and Mickey Lauria. Armando Carbonell is chairman of the Department of Planning and Urban Form at the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He also teaches in the Department of Urban Planning and Design at the Harvard Graduate School of Design. Armando Carbonell writes: Planning policies in such traditional areas as land use, housing, transport and environment are currently all subject to change as we respond to chaotic financial, housing and real estate markets, geopolitical tensions, large-scale urbanisation and climate change. These are interesting times indeed and suggest the scope for a new feature to be developed in the Review focusing on planning policy and practice. As an editor I look forward to bringing the experience of practitioner, academic and 'policy wonk' to the task of securing international contributions to the journal that bridge policy research and planning strategy, and that evaluate the performance of past policies and programmes in terms of their results 'on the ground'. Mickey Lauria, the Immediate Past President of the Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning and a past editor of the Journal of Planning Education and Research, is a Professor of City and Regional Planning and Director of the Center for Community Growth and Change in the College of Architecture, Arts and Humanities at the Clemson University, South Carolina. Mickey Lauria writes: As an editor of Town Planning Review I look forward to building on my previous editorial experience and publications on, for instance, community-based development organisations, urban redevelopment and politics and planning, as well as on my current research interests in patterns and impacts of housing foreclosures and abandonment, planning practices and smart growth, the historical analysis of preservation conflicts, and neighbourhood conditions and planning issues involving race and class. Aside from regular editorial duties, I am keen to develop a steady stream of manuscripts from North American planning educators by promoting the journal at conferences and encouraging presenters to submit their best work to TPR. New Editorial Board members The re-founded Town Planning Review of 1949 also included a diverse international group of 'editorial advisers', fulfilling a task now undertaken by the members of the Editorial Board. …

Momentos Solares / Solar Moments

POETRY Poem to the Sun Homero Aridjis Momentos solares Ning?n artistapuede llenar de color ese muro bianco como elmaestro Sol a las tresde la tarde 2 ^No es extrano que cuando una nube est? tapando al sol de las tresde la tarde el fulgorde tusojos en losmios esm?s intensoque lapiel delmango? ^No es extrano que el dios de las ocurrencias cotidianas haya pintado los campos de morado, amarillo y bianco? ^No es extrano que a?n tapado el Sol enfebrecido de amor tepinte de rojo el largopelo bianco? Solar Moments i No artist can cover that white wall with color at three in the afternoon like Maestro Sun 2 Isn't itodd, evenwhen a cloud blocks out theSun at three in the afternoon theglow of your eyes in mine ismore intense than mango skin? Isn't itodd that thegod of everyday occurrences should have painted the fields mauve, yellow and white? Isn't itodd thateven blocked out theSun ina feverof love paints your longwhite hair red? Editorial note: From Poemas solares I Solar Poems, forthcoming from City Lights Books in2010 (www.citylights.com). One of Latin America's greatest living writers, Homero Aridjis isalso extraordinary for his pioneering work as an environmental activist, his ambassadorial appointments, and his two-term stint as president of International PEN. Many of his forty books of poetry and prose have been translated into a dozen languages. He isthe recipient of important literaryprizes, including the Xavier Villaurrutia (Mexico), the Roger Caillois (France), the Grinzane-Cavour (Italy), and two Guggenheim Fellowships. He iscurrently Mexico's Ambassador to unesco. 28 i World Literature Today 3 Vermeer Esa sensaci?n de eternidad en las cosas y en los cuerpos esa nostalgia sin nombre del momento fueradel tiempo esa melancolia en lamemoria del ojo 4 Ella no daba nada por dado ni desocupado, cuando veia un banco vacio, decia: "El sol se sienta alii." 5 Noyo No yo el que levant? lapir?mide del Sol No yo el que convirti? el rayo de luz en cuerpo No yo ese ojo vago en laCalzada de losMuertos 3 Vermeer This feelingof eternity inbodies and things This nameless longing in the moment outside of time that melancholy in theeye'smemory 4 Whenever she saw a bench empty, she didn't take itas a given or unoccupied, she'd say: "That's where the sun sits." 5 Not me Not me, he who raised thePyramid of theSun Not me, he who turned a beam of lightintoa body Not me, thatbleary eye on theCauseway of theDead. Translation from theSpanish ByGeorge McWhirter A Vancouver resident since 1968 and the city's firstPoet Laureate, George McWhirter was born inBelfast, where he received his B.A. from Queen's University. He was head of the University of British Columbia's Creative Writing Department from1983 until1993andwas awardedtheKillamPrizeforteaching. The authorof sixbooksofpoetry, two poetic works intranslation, five short stories, and three novels, McWhirter has been the advisory editor for PRISM international magazine and has edited several anthologies. September-October 2009 i29 ...

New horizons ahead

New horizons ahead

In Memoriam: Kieran McCarty (1925–2008)

In Memoriam: Kieran McCarty (1925–2008) Bernard L. Fontana [Eulogy delivered by Bernard L. Fontana at Mission San Xavier del Bac on Saturday, January 3, 2009, on the occasion of the funeral Mass for the Reverend Father Kieran McCarty, O.F.M.] “Then the fifth angel blew his trumpet, and I saw a star fall from the sky to the earth” (Rev 9:1). With Father Kieran’s passing, a star has fallen from the sky, ashes to ashes and dust to dust. In thinking about our friend, I’m reminded of what a friar once told me. “If you’ve met one Franciscan ... you’ve met one Franciscan.” If ever there were an examplar of that verity, it was Kieran Robert McCarty, a man known to his fellow friars and to his legion of friends as “Kiro.” It was when he became a Franciscan that he assumed the name “Kieran” after a pair of sixth century Irish saints, monastics who, appropriately enough, strove to preserve religion and learning in some of the darkest of the Dark Ages. Kiro was a person who compartmentalized his adult life. He was, above all, a Franciscan priest who felt deeply his fraternal calling. So was he an airplane pilot. A motorcycle driver. An accomplished musician who could fill a space with the sound of beautiful organ music. A back country adventurer who was completely at home in the seaside, foothill, and mountain villages of Sonora and Sinaloa where he sought out precious 17th, 18th, and 19th-century documents in churches both big and small, documents that he microfilmed and many of which he personally transcribed with a typewriter. Kiro was a scholar’s scholar and the peoples’ scholar. Generous to a fault, he stood ever ready to share his hard-won knowledge with anyone who asked, laymen, students, and professors alike. Father Kieran was a man hale, hearty, and well met. He liked good cigars. He smoked a pipe. He liked Sonoran bacanora and good martinis. Bernard L. Fontana is retired field historian at the University of Arizona and editorial advisor for Journal of the Southwest. Journal of the Southwest 50, 4 (Winter 2008) : 459–462 He liked good food, especially estilo sonorense, and he liked the camraderie of being surrounded by like-minded friends. His friends included his fellow friars, his fellow scholars, and people from virtually every walk and station in life: vaqueros, lawyers, tire salesmen, automobile mechanics, students, academics, airplane pilots, motorcyclists, masons, carpenters, and, perhaps above all, the O’odham people and the Mexican people who were in his parishes when he was a pastor here at San Xavier and in Altar in Sonora. Father Kieran, who grew up in Santa Barbara and where he was ordained as a priest in 1949, spent the first three years of his religious vocation as an assistant in St. Francis parish in Sacramento. In 1954 he was pastor of Sacred Heart Parish in Winlock, Washington, and the next three plus years found him in Scottsdale where he became field manager for the Casa de Paz y Bien, the Franciscans’ retreat house. Someone in the Order of Friars Minor recognized one of Kiro’s major strengths, and from 1958 to August of 1963 he was assigned as a research historian at the Academy of American Franciscan History in Washington, D.C. He earned his Master’s degree in Latin American history at Catholic University in 1960 and in 1963 was the editor of the prestigious history journal, The Americas. It was about then, some time in the early 1960s, that Father Kieran and I met and became friends from that day forward. We were carrying out archaeological excavations just to the west of this church when he showed up at the site wearing the uniform of a captain in the Air National Guard, a post as chaplain he held until his honorable discharge in 1964. We talked about research he was doing in Mexico at the time. This involved microfilming documentary sources related to Northwest Mexico, a project carried out under auspices of the Organization of American States, the Republic of Mexico, and the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia and which...

Statistical Applications and Quantitative Design for Injury Prevention Workshop

The Medical Research Council and University of South Africa's Crime Violence and Injury Lead Programme (MRC–UNISA CVILP) was privileged to host renowned scholar, Professor Shrikant Bangdiwala, Research Professor in Biostatistics from the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America. Bangdiwala, an advisory editor of the International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, conducted a five-day workshop on “Statistical applications and quantitative design for injury prevention research” from 18–21 August 2008 at the MRC in Cape Town, South Africa. The target audience for this workshop was researchers (with some working knowledge of epidemiology and statistics) and practitioners (with limited knowledge of epidemiology). The course was attended by 12 participants, comprising both UNISA and CVILP research staff.African Safety Promotion Vol. 6 (2) 2008: pp. 78-79

Encyclopedia of archaeology

is a subject that fascinates us. From Egyptian tombs to a frozen Alpine wayfarer, from cities buried under volcanic ash to stone arrow heads turned up by the plow, archaeology is in the news and in our backyards. It is paradoxical that a subject that so easily captures the imagination is so difficult for the serious layman to access. Superficial media treatments and picture-book atlases and site guides on the one hand, jargon-heavy scholarly books and narrowly focused articles on the other - there are few ways to learn about the real world of archaeology outside the college classroom or the dig site. of Archaeology changes this, in making all aspects of archaeology accessible to a broad audience of the general scientific community, educators, students, and avocational archaeologists. Professional archaeologists and anthropologists will also find the encyclopedia a ready source of up-to-date information on specialities outside their own The of Archaeology encompasses all aspects of archaeology, including the nature and diversity of archaeology as a scientific discipline, the practice of archaeology, archaeology in the everyday world, and the future of the discipline. Featured in the of Archaeology are articles by leading authors that summarize archaeological knowledge at the beginning the 21st century, highlighting important sites and issues, and tracing the development of prehistoric cultures around the globe. No existing work provides the breadth and depth of coverage as the of Archaeology. Also available online via ScienceDirect (2007) featuring extensive browsing, searching, and internal cross-referencing between articles in the work, plus dynamic linking to journal articles and abstract databases, making navigation flexible and easy.The first and only reference work to cover all elements of archaeology, over 280 articles have been specifically commissioned for this reference work. The distinguished Editorial Board is headed by Editor-in-Chief Professor Deborah Pearsall, University of Missouri, along with many other prominent scientists serving as editorial advisors. The breadth and depth of coverage ensures that professional archaeologists will find the Encyclopedia a ready source of up-to-date information on specialties outside their own expertise. Each article has been reviewed to ensure accuracy, comprehensiveness, and up-to-date content.Articles are written to be accessible to the educated general public with jargon-free presentation of subjects. It features beautiful 4-color photography and informational figures throughout. Topics are arranged A-Z for easy reference. Geographic overview articles are grouped by continent or region to allow easy reference. Glossary entries explain key terms. Further Reading lists appear at the end of each entry.

Editorial

Editorial