Editorial History Research Articles

Historiadores e memória da historiografia no Rio Grande do Sul: a edição póstuma de Terra Gaúcha (1955), de Simões Lopes Neto

O objetivo deste artigo é examinar o aparato paratextual póstumo de Terra Gaúcha (1955), ensaio histórico inédito do escritor regionalista João Simões Lopes Neto (1865-1916). Quais eram as condições (e os limites) da apropriação da obra e do autor no período da edição? Para tanto, busco aliar uma história editorial do manuscrito a uma tipologia das notas de rodapé elaboradas pelos historiadores-editores. A edição de Terra Gaúcha visava legitimar as posições adotadas pelo grupo de historiadores-folcloristas marginal no âmbito do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico do Rio Grande do Sul (IHGRS), criando um precursor nobre e uma narrativa de memória para seu projeto de escrita de história. Essa operação passou pela atualização científica do texto, através da inclusão de notas de rodapé bibliográficas e documentais, e pela concessão ideológica a teses então dominantes a respeito da formação do Rio Grande do Sul. Essa autorização parcial, no entanto, acabou por reforçar o veto à identidade profissional de historiador para Simões Lopes Neto.

« Le Roi-grenouille ou Henri-de-fer» et l'histoire éditoriale des "KHM"

Considéré par les Grimm comme l’un des contes les plus beaux et les plus anciens, « Der Froschkönig oder der eiserne Heinrich » a néanmoins connu des modifications importantes entre la première édition des KHM, en 1812, et la dernière en 1857. Cet article montre que les auteurs ont développé un certain nombre d’éléments en fonction du projet, lui-même évolutif, qu’ils entreprennent en publiant leur recueil. En accentuant la dimension morale du récit, son caractère enfantin, et en supprimant les allusions sexuelles, les Grimm cherchent à rapprocher le texte du modèle de conte décrit dans la préface du recueil. Si ce conte, stratégiquement placé en tête d’ouvrage, peut paraître emblématique des KHM, il l’est aussi devenu par le travail de réécriture des auteurs.
 Mots clés:Contes, Grimm, roi -grenouille, génétique, histoire éditoriale, comparaison

РАССКАЗ Л. Н. ТОЛСТОГО «ИЛЬЯС»: АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ИСТОРИИ СОЗДАНИЯ И ЭДИЦИИ

The article presents a new view on the history of creation and edition of L. N. Tolstoy’s short story “Il’yas”. The dating of the writer’s work on the story is specified: March 14-26, May 17, 1885, the first half of March 1886. The stages of the embodiment of the plan are studied. An analysis of the formation of the content and form of elements shows that draft manuscripts do not contain any signs that would confirm the existence of an early version. For the first time different interpretations of the printed publications of “Il’yas” in 1886 are systematized, the typology of semantic mistakes and errors admitted by the author and introduced into the story by the preparers is revealed.

History of genome editing in yeast.

For thousands of years humans have used the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the production of bread and alcohol; however, in the last 30–40 years our understanding of the yeast biology has dramatically increased, enabling us to modify its genome. Although S. cerevisiae has been the main focus of many research groups, other non‐conventional yeasts have also been studied and exploited for biotechnological purposes. Our experiments and knowledge have evolved from recombination to high‐throughput PCR‐based transformations to highly accurate CRISPR methods in order to alter yeast traits for either research or industrial purposes. Since the release of the genome sequence of S. cerevisiae in 1996, the precise and targeted genome editing has increased significantly. In this ‘Budding topic’ we discuss the significant developments of genome editing in yeast, mainly focusing on Cre‐loxP mediated recombination, delitto perfetto and CRISPR/Cas.

Using big data and network analysis to understand Wikipedia article quality

The research reported in this paper focuses on the question of why Wikipedia articles are different in quality. Since these articles are developed in an open and social environment, our work investigates if the social capital of contributors plays a role in determining the quality of the articles. We focus on three major types of social capital with respect to teams of contributors working on Wikipedia articles: internal bonding, external bridging and functional diversity. Through a social network analysis of these articles based on a dataset extracted from its edit history, our research finds that all three types of social capital have a significant impact on their quality. In addition, we found that internal bonding interacts positively with external bridging resulting in a multiplier effect on article quality. The findings of our research have implications for developing automated techniques for quality assessment of Wikipedia and also provide insights into improving quality of these articles.

Pan Tadeusz z przypisami

In subject literature devoted to footnotes, attention has been paid primarily to the practical aspects of an editor’s work on factual comment; the historical aspect of the matter has provoked little interest of literary scholars. However, even a superficial glimpse at the footnotes of a single literary work serves as evidence that a factual comment is at times a consequence of various tendencies, not only editorial, but also the ones dominant literary and cultural life. In the article, we shall analyze them on the example of the editions with the richest editorial history, namely Pan Tadeusz . The analysis includes the editions by Macierz Polska, published in Lvov from the 80s of the 19th century till the First World War, with total circulation of two hundred thousand, dedicated to a mass reader. The second group is the narrative poem’s edition by Stanislaw Pigon as a part of “National Library” series, with an equal number of reissues and a wide address to readers. The context of those editions is the elaboration prepared by Zofia Stefanowska for the “National Library” series, as well as the last major edition of the narrative poem as Anniversary Edition of collected works by Mickiewicz. The background for the analysis is relevant editorial statements of theoretical nature by: Roman Pilat, Wilhelm Bruchnalski, Konrad Gorski, which have shaped the practice of Polish editors in the 19th and 20th century, and scarce reviews dealing with the phenomenon of subtitles. The analyses lead to the conclusion that the volume of explanations to the narrative poem is constantly growing in quantitative terms, and that the attempts to verify their informative content do not always contribute positively to the understanding of the poem’s represented world and its artistic values.

A history of genome editing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Genome editing is a form of highly precise genetic engineering which produces alterations to an organism's genome as small as a single base pair with no incidental or auxiliary modifications; this technique is crucial to the field of synthetic biology, which requires such precision in the installation of novel genetic circuits into host genomes. While a new methodology for most organisms, genome editing capabilities have been used in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae for decades. In this review, I will present a brief history of genome editing in S. cerevisiae, discuss the current gold standard method of Cas9-mediated genome editing, and speculate on future directions of the field.

Borys Pasternak w polskiej konspiracji

The paper focuses on the editorial history of the volume of poetry by Borys Pasternak entitled Siedem wierszy [Seven poems], which was published in Warsaw in 1940, that is during the German occupation of the city.

Social Media Impact of the Food and Drug Administration's Drug Safety Communication Messaging About Zolpidem: Mixed-Methods Analysis.

BackgroundThe Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issues drug safety communications (DSCs) to health care professionals, patients, and the public when safety issues emerge related to FDA-approved drug products. These safety messages are disseminated through social media to ensure broad uptake.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the social media dissemination of 2 DSCs released in 2013 for the sleep aid zolpidem.MethodsWe used the MedWatcher Social program and the DataSift historic query tool to aggregate Twitter and Facebook posts from October 1, 2012 through August 31, 2013, a period beginning approximately 3 months before the first DSC and ending 3 months after the second. Posts were categorized as (1) junk, (2) mention, and (3) adverse event (AE) based on a score between –0.2 (completely unrelated) to 1 (perfectly related). We also looked at Google Trends data and Wikipedia edits for the same time period. Google Trends search volume is scaled on a range of 0 to 100 and includes “Related queries” during the relevant time periods. An interrupted time series (ITS) analysis assessed the impact of DSCs on the counts of posts with specific mention of zolpidem-containing products. Chow tests for known structural breaks were conducted on data from Twitter, Facebook, and Google Trends. Finally, Wikipedia edits were pulled from the website’s editorial history, which lists all revisions to a given page and the editor’s identity.ResultsIn total, 174,286 Twitter posts and 59,641 Facebook posts met entry criteria. Of those, 16.63% (28,989/174,286) of Twitter posts and 25.91% (15,453/59,641) of Facebook posts were labeled as junk and excluded. AEs and mentions represented 9.21% (16,051/174,286) and 74.16% (129,246/174,286) of Twitter posts and 5.11% (3,050/59,641) and 68.98% (41,138/59,641) of Facebook posts, respectively. Total daily counts of posts about zolpidem-containing products increased on Twitter and Facebook on the day of the first DSC; Google searches increased on the week of the first DSC. ITS analyses demonstrated variability but pointed to an increase in interest around the first DSC. Chow tests were significant (P<.0001) for both DSCs on Facebook and Twitter, but only the first DSC on Google Trends. Wikipedia edits occurred soon after each DSC release, citing news articles rather than the DSC itself and presenting content that needed subsequent revisions for accuracy.ConclusionsSocial media offers challenges and opportunities for dissemination of the DSC messages. The FDA could consider strategies for more actively disseminating DSC safety information through social media platforms, particularly when announcements require updating. The FDA may also benefit from directly contributing content to websites like Wikipedia that are frequently accessed for drug-related information.

Reading Austen in America by Juliette Wells

Reviewed by: Reading Austen in America by Juliette Wells Erin Goss Wells, Juliette. 2017. Reading Austen in America. London: Bloomsbury. $61.20 hc. $20.66 sc. 239 pp. 2017 was a banner year for Jane Austen studies. One need not rehearse the litany of titles that remind us that even after two hundred years, Jane Austen is here to stay. That Juliette Wells's Reading Austen in America came out in this banner year is to its and her credit. Amidst the splash and noise of Austenian ubiquity, Wells's task of tracing the first edition of Emma produced in America risks being rather too quiet, notwithstanding the suggested range of the book's title. However, despite the apparently modest nature of the book's task and the unprepossessing quality of the claims it makes, it nevertheless takes on something rather daunting in its efforts to interest a general audience in not only Austen but in the minute history of a particular edition of one of her novels. Placed in the "intersecting fields of reception studies and the history of reading" (3), this book explores the first instances of "reading Austen in America," specifically the histories of circulation of the first American Emma, as a sort of object narrative. Combining the narrative history of biography with the detail of the collector, Wells weaves a story that charms and interests even despite (and likely because of) its rather immediate, dare one say, nerdiness (and one says such a thing with both respect and appreciation). As she gets her story rolling, Wells acknowledges the divided readership for the book: "So far, all is well known to those steeped in Austen. We enter less familiar territory with the title page of the [End Page 877] first American edition of Emma" (16). Among the most daunting of challenges, of course, for a book like the one Wells has written is the need to provide facts and basic information for a reader who is not steeped in Austen studies, or indeed in literary study, while at the same time maintaining an academic and professional readership. Here, Wells's subject matter is ideal, in that she offers a series of biographical sketches of individuals who gain admission to history only through their encounter with Jane Austen, and even more particularly, only through their encounter with this single edition of Emma—itself poorly produced enough to be almost ephemeral. Many an erudite Austen scholar will know little about the letters passing between Alberta Burke and her book-collecting English pen pal David Gilson, and even if they do know something about those two from having visited the treasure trove that is the Goucher Library Special Collections (where Wells enviably gets to spend much of her time), they will almost certainly know nothing about the Quincy sisters of Boston and their letters with the Francis Austen family in Portsmouth. It is an intriguing mode of both history and historiography, and one that the young Jane Austen would likely have found rather compelling. There is at times something almost gossipy about the kind of story Wells offers, weaving the letters passed between these various transatlantic epistolary relationships together with some conjecture and guesswork about what else might have transpired. "It is tempting to imagine," Wells writes in her discussion of one Lady Dalhousie, an "accomplished Scotswoman" and acquaintance of Sir Walter Scott, "that Lady Dalhousie and Scott discussed Austen's novels during this or other encounters" (104). That neither Wells nor, it seems, anyone else can confirm or deny such an idea helps to produce the scene that Wells's book is so invested in producing. The scene, it seems, is provided for the non-specialist, who might well take up such an idea as part of the pleasure of Wells's storytelling. The acknowledgment of "temptation," however, seems offered to the scholar, who knows better than to imagine such a scene as anything other than a guilty indulgence. It is a fine line that Wells treads, and it is perhaps not surprising that few books get written that so directly aim to engage two very different audiences. As another sign of the book's challenge, Wells must provide...

Donald McKenzie: historiador del libro y filólogo

This contribution will show, firstly, how at the time when the French translation of Bibliography and the Sociology of Texts was published, the famous historian of the book, Roger Chartier, emphasized two contributions by the New Zealander (his interest in the materiality of text production and transmission, on the one hand, and his care about the social dimension of the text, on the other) that are in line with his own vision of the History of the book, the History of reading and editing. This led to an undermining of the dialogue that McKenzie had maintained with Greg-Bowers’s bibliographic academy. In countries of Roman language, McKenzies work has been read through this mediation lecture. Secondly, we shall return to this strictly philological dimension of McKenzies work and retrieve his interest in questions of authorial intention and textual authority and his reflection on textual instability. This second aspect will enable us to understand why that book became a reference at the same time for the “new” New Bibliographers as well as for the representatives of New Textualism. To conclude, it is suggested that the current bibliographic orientation of scholarly editing may allow to do justice to McKenzies double legacy for the history of the book and the theory of editing.

Milton's Sensuous Poetics: On the Material Texts of Paradise Lost

Milton's Sensuous Poetics:On the Material Texts of Paradise Lost Thomas Festa At the 350th anniversary of the publication of Paradise Lost, it would be good to know where to find it. In other words, is Paradise Lost "in" the extant manuscript of book 1? The first edition, or the second? An authoritative modern scholarly text? Well, yes and no: Paradise Lost is in all of these in part but in none of them completely or exclusively.1 That is, every edition of the text introduces variations—some intentional, some not—just as each new printing alters the appearance of the text. Thus, instead of asking where, it will be more productive to ask when or at what point in the epic's publication history we might find what we think of as Paradise Lost. Because reception history, textual criticism, and the material book are intimately interconnected, the historical interpretation of a work of literature such as Paradise Lost entails attending to its materiality in the many forms in and as which it has appeared.2 Reception history can give us an account of what the poem has meant.3 But it cannot tell us enough about how it meant that to [End Page 91] specific readers without addressing the history of the books they held in their hands and marked up, read, and reread. What proponents of close reading need to figure out is what to read; what textual critics need to admit is that questions about the authority and provenance of a text only become interesting when they can show how the materiality of the historical artifact affects interpretation. When we read text, we interpret the material presentation of the words as well as the linguistic signs, whether on a screen in a twenty-first-century edition, or in an early text such as a first edition or manuscript. Insisting upon the material dimension of texts also necessitates allowing for the "textual" aspect of materials. In this view of "textual materiality," "the conjunction of the linguistic and bibliographical codes of a text" such as Paradise Lost becomes a necessary but not sufficient consideration.4 In what follows, I argue that there are specific qualities of the verse that become invisible to us if we ignore the complex history of the book we call Paradise Lost. This requires paying attention to as much of the publication history as possible—a means of focusing on the textual transmission to which, to take only the most obvious example, every reader of a Shakespeare play in the current Arden series has immediate access, but that most readers of Milton in modern editions never consider. Of course, Shakespearean textual history is far more complicated than, for the most part, the history of a text such as Paradise Lost. But this has led critics to ignore a methodology that, I hope to show, holds out great promise for studying Milton's texts as well. The history of editions of the text, and not just the seventeenth-century editions that have drawn so much attention, reveals assumptions about the poetics of Paradise Lost that have shaped the way we think about Milton's achievement in versification. This is why it is misleading to suggest that there is something dubiously metaphysical about scholarly focus on the early texts of a poem such as Paradise Lost in their specific material forms. For example, Gordon Teskey argues against what he calls "typographical essentialism."5 Yet the "anti-typographical" modernization Teskey advocates is arguably even more essentialist in its approach [End Page 92] to the representation of poetics.6 The editorial problem may be illustrated by Teskey's Norton Critical Edition, which superimposes onto the text diacritical marks, such as a grave accent to indicate a sounded terminal "e" in "-ed," or an acute accent to reposition the stress on a different syllable from today's common pronunciation.7 The diacritics manifest editorial decisions or intuitions about the text for which there is little support other than the editor's own insistence on a particular way of making the verse regular. As such, these marks represent an argument about how the poem should be heard—an argument made...

Goethes Euphrat. Philologie und Politik im "West-östlichen Divan." by Marcel Lepper

Reviewed by: Goethes Euphrat. Philologie und Politik im "West-östlichen Divan." by Marcel Lepper Hannah V. Eldridge Marcel Lepper, Goethes Euphrat. Philologie und Politik im "West-östlichen Divan." Göttingen: Wallstein Verlag, 2016. 149 pp. In this compact volume, Marcel Lepper presents an interpretation of Goethe's West-östlicher Divan, in particular the poem "Lied und Gebilde," that moves past the tendency of previous scholarship to elide historical and political particulars on the way to general "poetological" readings; in doing so, he takes seriously the contradictions and difficulties within the work and attends to the ways in which poetological readings can themselves be attempts to avoid historical and political particularities. His approach begins with grammatical-rhetorical aspects of the text, then examines its historical-lexigraphical underpinnings before tracing the text's development in the context of Goethe's works and finally considers its intertextual references and contexts. Doing so enables Lepper to make the poetological implications of the poem and the cycle more concrete, which in turn breaks down static oppositional structures in each (139–40). These are crucial contributions, and they make the volume essential for readers studying "Lied und Gebilde" or the West-östlicher Divan generally. There are a few drawbacks: it is not always clear how the components of Lepper's expanding model of reading fit together. Moreover, the volume uses Goethe's prose section (Noten und Abhandlungen zu besserem Verständnis des west-östlichen Divans) very little. The texts mentioned there should not, of course, be taken for granted as Goethe's only sources, and his representations of them should not be absorbed without analysis, but the Noten und Abhandlungen does indicate the directions of Goethe's interest and attention that Lepper investigates, and the moments where Lepper draws on it are some of the most convincing in the volume. The opening chapter introduces Lepper's method and draws out the problems for interpretation posed by "Lied und Gebilde," in particular its large number of apparent antitheses. In chapter two, "Grammatisch-rhetorischer Ansatz," Lepper points out that the distinctions between plastic/Greek and musical/Oriental often used to read the poem as performing a turn from "classical" to "post-classical" were a trope of literary history around 1800 and thus should not be used to describe it (41). The chapter demonstrates "grammatical-rhetorical" reading by analyzing numerous asymmetries (in length, rhyme scheme, verb tense etc.) throughout the poem. The third chapter investigates the poem's lyric register, following several crucial words (e.g., "Lied," "Euphrat," "der Grieche") through their appearances in the Divan. Lepper points out that, since "Lied" appears over forty times in the text, readers should be cautious about taking any single instance of it as outlining a poetological program (57–58). Lepper's assertion that "Lied und Gebilde" does not exhibit song-like characteristics ("Singbarkeit, erzählerische oder beschreibende Einfachheit, Liebes-, Geselligkeitsoder Naturthematik") is somewhat less convincing—one could argue that the poem stages a type of simplicity in its brevity, while its metrical form (alternating four and three stresses per line) is one that Goethe uses in his ballads (e.g., "Der Fischer"). Lepper analyzes the word "Euphrat" in somewhat wider contexts, including the budding field of Assyriology (71–72) and in Friedrich Hölderlin's poem "Lebensalter," which he uses to draw out contrasts as well as similarities between Hölderlin's and Goethe's references to the Euphrates. Finally, Lepper turns to "der Grieche" in "Lied und Gebilde" and points out the unusual association with clay ("Thon") rather than marble. Because clay is mixed with water and is more provisional and temporary than stone, "der Grieche" becomes a hybrid figure described in a lightly ironizing tone that mixes tropes of Greek antiquity [End Page 307] and the Orientalist philology that began to call philhellenic fantasies into question (92–94). In the fourth chapter, Lepper uses a "textgenetisch-werkbiographischer Ansatz," examining the edition history of "Lied und Gebilde" and elaborating various dating hypotheses, ultimately settling on a likely point of composition toward the early work on the collection, in the "Übergangsphase" between war and postwar in Europe in 1814–15 (106–8). He contends that taking the poem's composition at...

Mary Beach and Claude Pélieu’s Translations and Adaptions of Allen Ginsberg’s Work

This article explores the ways the perception of Beat writers in France was influenced by the translations produced from the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s by Mary Beach and Claude Pélieu. It combines an editorial history of Beat translation in France with a close textual reading of Beach and Pélieu’s 1967 version of Allen Ginsberg’s Kaddish. This study points to an innovative albeit idiosyncratic approach, heavily influenced by Pélieu’s own poetics. An analysis of this first effort alongside Ginsberg’s later revisions to the French text further reveals divergent literary projects that crystallize within in the cultural transfer implied by the translation.

The Boke of the Cyte of Ladyes by Christine de Pizan

Reviewed by: The Boke of the Cyte of Ladyes by Christine de Pizan Karen Green Christine de Pizan, The Boke of the Cyte of Ladyes, ed. Hope Johnston, trans. Brian Anslay (Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies, 457), Tempe, ACMRS, 2014; hardback; pp. lxvii, 622; 13 b/w illustrations; R.R.P. US $90.00, £69.00; ISBN 9780866985086. With this new edition of the Middle English translation of Christine de Pizan's Le Livre de la Cité des Dames, the purchaser gets two editions for the price of one, for the book incorporates both the text of Brian Anslay's English translation, published in 1521, and an edition, in Middle French, of an early exemplar of Christine's famous defence of women, London, British Library, MS Royal 19.A.xix (L), a manuscript that may have been consulted by the English translator (p. xxv). As the editor, Hope Johnson, notes, by printing both the French and English on facing pages, comparison of the two texts and the identification of places where they deviate is greatly facilitated. Since the only other easily available edition of the French text, that prepared by Earl Jeffrey Richards and Patrizia Caraffi (Luni Editrice, 1997), comes with an Italian translation, the inclusion of the French along with the Middle English significantly enhances the publication's usefulness for English speakers. The introduction offers a brief account of the contents of Christine's defence of women, a short account of her life, with brief details of her other works, a biography of the translator, Brian Anslay, a discussion of the minor ways in which the translation deviates from the original, an account of the editorial history of the [End Page 155] Cité des Dames, some details concerning the printer, Henry Pepwell, and details of the signature irregularities, provenance, and marginalia of the five surviving copies of the English publication. There are extensive notes, which detail the ways in which the text of L diverges from British Library, MS Harley 4431 (R), the authoritative version prepared for the French queen, Isabeau of Bavaria, in 1414. A bibliography and selective glossary of Middle English words that are likely to cause trouble make up the volume. An enormous amount of detailed work has gone into the preparation of this pair of texts, and I find the conjunction of the Middle French with the Middle English is an aid in reading both. When the French is obscure, the English helps, and vice versa. As others have noted, Ansley's translation follows the French almost word for word, so that someone with French, and whose Middle English is weak, could use the French to familiarize themselves with Middle English, or the other way around. I suspect that this will make the edition of use to students of both languages. The ease of comparison also promises 'multiple interpretative possibilities for future scholars to consider' (p. li). This is a very careful, scholarly edition. If it has any fault, it is that it is so careful not to go beyond the available evidence that it offers no interesting new speculations concerning the circumstances of the translation or the influence of it and its French original on later English political debates concerning women's capacity to rule. We learn that the translator was a yeoman who attended Henry VII's funeral and the coronation of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon. Both events took place in 1509, and at the latter event he was assigned to the 'Queen's Chamber' (p. xl). He was a yeoman of the cellar, married to Anne Polsted, and lived in Kent not far from William Thynne, the 1532 editor of Chaucer's Works. Thynne's nephew, Sir John Thynne, acquired one of the surviving copies of the translation, that at Longleat, which bears the name of William Brereton, who was charged and executed on the grounds of adultery with Anne Boleyn' (pp. xliii, lxi). Given the timing of its production—when after eleven years of marriage, Catherine of Aragon had provided Henry VIII with only a female heir—, and in the light of Susan Groag Bell's discoveries relating to the contemporary 'city of ladies' tapestries', which are mentioned...

PRAYER IN THE OLD TESTAMENT AS SPIRITUAL WISDOM FOR TODAY

The discipline of Biblical Spirituality, with its dual focus on ancient text and modern application, provides the methodological framework for this article. The modern sociological interest in religion, spirituality and prayer is indicated, but not explored, with a shared wisdom orientation in aspects of Old Testament life and in the currently unfolding post-secular religio-cultural climate that forms the bridge between the ancient and the modern in the analysis of prayer. The remainder of this contribution focuses on Deuteronomy 6:4 – the famous Sh’ma prayer – and its historical implications. The editorial history of the book of Deuteronomy, following the theory of E. Otto, forms the basis for understanding more precisely the impact of the Sh’ma in ancient Israel. The link of this prayer to Law inhibited much of its inherent power, testifying to a change in dominant spirituality within post-exilic Judaism. This has had far-reaching implications in the Judeo-Christian history of theology, particularly relating to the grace-law emphases, as indicated in this article, but left to unfold more fully in further research.

Pirating Mare liberum (1609)

Two pirated editions form a vital but neglected part of the printing and reception history of the first edition of Grotius’s Mare liberum.

Belle, Marie-Alice, and Line Cottegnies, eds. Robert Garnier in Elizabethan England: Mary Sidney Herbert’s Antonius and Thomas Kyd’s Cornelia

This volume gathers together for the first time Mary Sidney Herbert’s Antonius (1592) and Thomas Kyd’s Cornelia (1594), two significant and inter-related responses to Robert Garnier’s Roman plays, Marc Antoine (1578) and Cornelie (1574). As a unique diptych the translated plays offer invaluable insight into the often ghostly presence of French literature in Elizabethan culture. They also mark an important chapter in the development of early modern neoclassical drama, with Sidney Herbert and Kyd creatively engaging, each in their own way, with Garnier’s learned, Senecan tragedies. This edition offers a critical introduction situating the plays in the rapidly shifting context of the 1590s and discussing their critical reception as translations. The footnotes aim to illuminate Sidney Herbert’s and Kyd’s distinctive translation practices by signaling significant amendments to Garnier’s text and by tracing the web of intertextual allusions that connects each translation, not only with Elizabethan practices of patronage, readership, and text circulation, but also with the wider intellectual and political debates of the late European Renaissance. Also featuring textual notes, a list of neologisms, and a glossary, this edition documents each text’s material and editorial history, as well as their joint contribution to the linguistic creativity of the Elizabethan age.

Ghostwriting: The inception and reception of the Course in General Linguistics

AbstractStawarska 2015 The Course in General Linguistics presentes contemporary scholars of Saussure’s linguistics with a performative paradox: as in the case of any other Great Book, a critical study of this posthumously ghostwritten text contributes to its canonization. That is why one can offer a scholarly critique of the Course without diminishing the established legacy of this foundational text. The contribution of this essay is indeed chiefly critical: I reconstitute the process of ghostwriting – and reviewing – the Course by its two editors, Charles Bally and Albert Sechehaye, in order to raise doubts about book’s being a reliable statement of Saussure’s linguistics. I argue specifically that the received “official doctrine” articulated in the Course and appropriated within structuralism, which is based upon a set of oppositional and hierarchical pairings between la langue and la parole, synchrony and diachrony, is rendered suspect in light of the book’s complicated editorial history. This “official doctrine” emerged out of an institutional interest to establish general linguistics as a recognizable academic discipline with proper object and method; its enduring status as an unrivaled truth of Saussurianism can be deciphered by investigating the interrelation between dominant discourses and social relations of power.

Planning for Publication

Planning for Publication