Eczematous Sensitization Research Articles

Topical diphenylcyclopropenone in the treatment of alopecia areata: A 10-year follow-up of 86 cases in a single center

Background: Diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP) is a topical contact allergen used for contact immunotherapy in alopecia areata (AA). Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the treatment effectiveness and prognostic factors in Taiwanese patients with AA treated with topical DPCP. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of all consecutive patients with AA affecting more than 10% of scalp area treated with topical DPCP for more than 90 days. Results: Eighty-six patients were assessed in the study. The greatest hair regrowth percentages of 0%, 1%–25%, 26%–50%, 51%–75%, and 76%–100% were 26.7% (23/86), 7.0% (6/86), 2.3% (2/86), 10.5% (9/86), and 53.5% (46/86) of patients, respectively. 32.6% (28/86) of patients achieved near-complete remission (with or without maintenance DPCP therapy), defined as more than 90% sustainable hair regrowth. Positive prognostic factors include older age of onset, shorter duration of AA before DPCP treatment, less severity of hair loss, and no nonscalp hair loss. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that more than a 2-year duration of AA before DPCP treatment (P = 0.015) and more than 90% of hair loss (P = 0.032) had a poorer treatment outcome. Factors including eczematous sensitization reaction, history of atopy, adverse reactions, or concentrations of DPCP do not predict treatment effectiveness. Pigmentary change may cause cosmetic concerns in Chinese ethnicity. Conclusion: Topical DPCP is effective for AA. Various factors were associated with the clinical outcomes. Monitoring the possible adverse events is warranted.

Principles of experimental eczematous sensitization

Principles of experimental eczematous sensitization

Jean Henri Fabre and the Patch Test

JADASSOHN¹first published his observations on specific eczematous sensitization of the skin to certain chemical substances in 1895. In this publication he suggested that the proof of specific sensitivity could be verified by applying the suspected substance to normal skin. This is the medical origin of patch testing for allergic eczematous sensitizations. It is interesting to note it was described 11 years before the concept of allergy was promulgated by von Pirquet. At about the same time, a French entomologist, Jean Henri Fabre,²working hermit-like with his insects in a remote village in France, using only superb observation and an inventive, logical mind independently thought of and used patch testing to study cutaneous irritations that developed from handling certain caterpillars. Born in 1823, the son of a poor uneducated peasant, Jean Henri Fabre was educated in an Avignon lycee and became an obscure Provencal science teacher with a

CONTACT ECZEMATOUS SENSITIZATION AND SENSITIVITY OF THE SOLAE ELASTOTIC SKIN.*

Australasian Journal of DermatologyVolume 7, Issue 4 p. 203-205 CONTACT ECZEMATOUS SENSITIZATION AND SENSITIVITY OF THE SOLAE ELASTOTIC SKIN.* E. Kocsakd, E. Kocsakd 195 Macquarie Street, Sydney.Search for more papers by this authorF. Ofner, F. Ofner 195 Macquarie Street, Sydney.Search for more papers by this author E. Kocsakd, E. Kocsakd 195 Macquarie Street, Sydney.Search for more papers by this authorF. Ofner, F. Ofner 195 Macquarie Street, Sydney.Search for more papers by this author First published: December 1964 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-0960.1964.tb01350.xCitations: 3 * Unit of Clinical Investigation, Lidcombe State Hospital, New South Wales. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume7, Issue4December 1964Pages 203-205 RelatedInformation

Allergic Eczematous Sensitization in Man 1936 and 1964

The honor bestowed upon me by the members of the Society for Investigative Dermatology when I was elected to the Presidency of this Society has meant more to me than I can tell you. For it is the very ideas upon which the foundation of this Society were laid and which have been guiding its activities for these 27 years that have determined my own concepts of dermatology. My desire to enter the specialty was first aroused by Marion Sulzberger at a time when he was deeply involved in the founding of this Society and creating its Journal. Indeed, my first piece of dermatologie investigation was carried out in 1936 in collaboration with him and was published in Volume I of the Journal of Investigative Dermatology at its birth in 1938. It dealt with the relationship between chemical structure and in vitro properties and the capacities of 5 different substituted nitrobenzenes to produce eczema-tous sensitization in man (1).

The vegetative nervous system and circulation in eczema and atopic manifestations

Experiments on guinea pigs were undertaken to influence the course of eczematous sensitization by surgical sympathectomy with and without severing of the sciatic and femoral nerves, as well as by vagotomy. No significant changes in the experimental eczematous sensitization could be observed.

Primary irritation of the skin; observations on threshold reactions.

The importance of primary irritation of the skin in producing an eczematous dermatitis by itself, as well as influencing the engendering of an allergic eczematous contact dermatitis is well documented. The recent literature is replete with articles adding to the fund of observations on mechanisms of pathogenesis of the eczematous sensitization and various aspects of dermatitis and eczema, but relatively few references are found under the heading of primary irritation as such. At present much of this information is found under such topics as contact dermatitis due to specific agents, thermal injuries, industrial dermatitis, and eczemas of various sorts, and it is inseparably linked with studies on allergic reactions in the skin. This is quite understandable since the need for such a term arose from the introduction of the concept of allergy which called for a designation to distinguish allergic from nonallergic forms

Multiple eczematous sensitivities.

There are three distinct varieties of multiple eczematous sensitivities. In multiple non-specific sensitivity there is heightened susceptibility to the primary irritant effect of many chemically and immunologically unrelated substances. In multiple primary specific allergic sensitivity there is a greater than average susceptibility to the development of allergic eczematous sensitizations. The third variety, multiple secondary specific allergic sensitivity, is based on an immunochemical relationship between the primary allergen and the secondary allergens, which must be so closely related that the sensitized cells react to them as if they were identical. The pattern of the body's response to multiple secondary eczematous sensitizations is relatively unpredictable for a given person; the variations are numerous and striking, and the more intense the degree of primary sensitivity the greater is the likelihood that multiple secondary sensitizations will occur.

Allergic eczematous sensitivity to aminophylline; report of a case.

Recently Tas and Weissberg 1 reported a case of allergic sensitivity to aminophylline in a 52-year-old pharmacist. For about one year he had prepared 600 aminophylline suppositories a week. Some weeks, after the start of this work, he had complained of an itching skin disorder on his hands, arms, and face. On examination there was redness and swelling, accompanied by papules, vesicles, and weeping on the hands and arms together with slight redness and papule formation on the face and scaling of the lips. Patch tests with many materials, but not including aminophylline, were negative. When the patient's work changed and he was no longer exposed to aminophylline his skin cleared. Several months later he again prepared aminophylline suppositories. After the first new contact he began to sneeze and wheeze, and his skin eruption reappeared. A patch test to 1% aminophylline was strongly positive. A patch test

The Persistence of Allergic Eczematous Sensitivity and the Cross-Sensitivity Pattern to Paraphenylenediamine

The Persistence of Allergic Eczematous Sensitivity and the Cross-Sensitivity Pattern to Paraphenylenediamine

Respiratory Activity and Nucleic Acid Content of Some Tissues from Guinea Pigs Sensitized to 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene

As an approach to the study of the mechanism of eczematous sensitization, a Warburg study was undertaken of the respiratory activity of skin and reticuloendothelial tissues of guinea pigs sensitized with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). It was thought that tissues of such sensitized animals might exhibit changes in QQ2 (microliters of oxygen taken up by 1 mg. dry tissue per hour) on introducing the antigen into the system. However, such behavior was not noted. In addition, no significant changes were found in nucleic acid levels of skin (DNA) and spleen (DNA and RNA) from sensitized animals as compared with the control values.

Immunologic Studies in the Lymphoblastomas: II. The Ability to Develop an Eczematous Sensitization to a Simple Chemical and the Ability to Accept Passive Transfer Antibody

In a previous communication, we discussed certain cutaneous reactions in persons having a lymphoblastomatous disease (1). It was shown that these patients exhibited a marked reduction in the incidence of cutaneous reactivity to such antigens as tuberculin, trichophytin and oidiomycin. It was assumed that they had previously been exposed to the microorganisms from which these antigens are derived. The depression of reactivity appeared to exist against both the immediate and delayed types of allergic reaction but was much more marked against the delayed type. There was no impairment in the ability to react to an obligatory urticariogenic agent such as histamine or a histamine liberator.

Studies in eczematous sensitizations. V. The role of the regional lymph node.

THEORETICAL INTRODUCTION It has been reasonably well shown that the regional lymph node plays an important role in the development of certain types of antibodies. The work of McMaster and Hudack 1 and of Ehrich, Harris and their colleagues 2 clearly indicates that antibody is made, at least in part, in the regional node, i. e., the node adjacent to the site of introduction of the antigen, and it is probably made there prior to its manufacture elsewhere. The nature of the antibody in the delayed type of sensitization is still a matter for argument. We are assuming that practically all workers in this field would agree that the delayed types of allergic sensitization, which comprise the bacterial (tuberculin) and the eczematous (contact) varieties, are brought about by antibodies or an antibody-like material. While any remarks that we may make probably apply to both varieties of the

Studies on the Eczematous Sensitization: IV. Sensitization to Metadinitrobenzene and Its Relation to 2:4 Dinitrochlorobenzene

In the study of sensitizations to simple chemicals, there are two somewhat ^ related chemical problems. One is the nature of the union between the sensitizing chemical and the tissues of the host in order to engender the eczematous sensitization, and the other is in what chemical respects can a substance that is capable of evoking a reaction in the already sensitized animal deviate from the parent sensitizing compound? It has been reasonably well shown, originally by v Landsteiner (1) and subsequently confirmed by others, that simple chemical compounds which are capable of inducing the eczematous variety of the delayed type of allergic sensitization enter into some sort of union with the tissues of the host. The simplest hypothesis is that a protein conjugate is made. There seems to be direct chemical evidence for this type of union with certain classes of compounds, such as substituted nitro- and halo-benzenes, especially the di-y nitrophenyls. Such a union may not be true for all substances which yield an eczematous sensitization, e.g., nickel, for, as Gell (2) states: Many chemical compounds which act as sensitizers have one general feature in common: they are capable of reacting with a group or groups in the molecule of a protein to form a conjugate. A second type of sensitizer is not able K itself to combine with protein, but may be metabolized in the body to a deriva-tive possessing such powers of combination. There may be a third category of > sensitizers which do not react chemically but form strong adsorption complexes with protein. In any case the conjugate or adsorption complex so formed will > become antigenically distinct from the parent protein, and if the sensitizer gains access to the tissues of an animal the proteins of the latter may be ren- * dered antigenic.

Eczematous sensitization in various age groups

An investigation into the capacity of the skin to develop eczematous sensitization to a simple chemical substance (2:4-dinitrochlorobenzene) was made in 174 individuals between 21 and 92 years of age. The capacity of sensitization was not influenced by age in women; in men it was found to become less with increasing age but the final degree of sensitization reached was essentially the same in the two sexes and not influenced by age. It is stressed that the exposure to sensitizing substances is probably more decisive for the sensitization than any age factor.

A Study of Eczematous Sensitivity to Formaldehyde

A Study of Eczematous Sensitivity to Formaldehyde

Attempts at Passive Transfer of Allergic Eczematous Sensitivity in Man by Means of White Cell Suspensions

The problem of demonstrating antibodies in allergic eczematous contact-type sensitization has always been of great interest to the dermatologist. For it is perhaps in eczematous sensitization more than in any other form in human beings that the clinical events often present the most beautiful demonstration of the cardinal characteristics of allergic sensitization. Here one can observe in clear cut fashion such immunologic phenomena as the incubation period, the spontaneous flare-up, the local differences in sensitivity, the coming and waning of sensitivity, as well as many other of the well known characteristic allergic phenomena.

Attempts At Passive Transfer of Allergic Eczematous Sensitivity in Man

Attempts At Passive Transfer of Allergic Eczematous Sensitivity in Man

Resistance of Skin to Acetic Acid

Recent studies by Frank et al. (1) disclosed that extracts of pyrethrum contain a very substantial percentage of acetic acid. These authors suggested that the latter substance might represent the active allergenic principle in pyrethrum. The further possibility that acetic acid might act as a primarily irritating substance and thus facilitate eczematous sensitization to other fractions of pyrethrum had also to be considered.

Studies in Eczematous Sensitizations : III. The Development in Species Other than Man or the Guinea Pig

INTRODUCTION In the various experimental studies dealing with sensitizations to simple chemicals the usual species that have been employed are the guinea pig and man. It is the purpose of this paper to describe our own experimental work in endeavoring to engender a sensitivity to simple chemicals in species other than man or the guinea pig and to review the literature dealing with similar studies and to discuss certain theoretical considerations relating to the development of sensitization to simple chemicals.