Economic Principles Research Articles

Conceptualising Circular Tourism: Taking a Place-Based Eco-System Perspective

The circular economy’s potential to support more resource efficient, competitive and resilient economies is ubiquitous in discourses across disciplines, industry and policy. Despite its prevalence, conceptual developments at the intersection between the circular economy and the tourism sector remain limited. This article draws on developments across the disciplines to establish a new conceptualisation of circular tourism, which recognises circular economy principles while also acknowledging the multiplicity of value creation that exists across a circular ecosystem. The paper highlights the centrality of multiple actors, the importance of places for the consumption and production of circular activity and unpacks the role of social value and its potential to (re)shape attitudes, values and integrate sustainability-orientated knowledge into tourists’ and tourism actors’ everyday lives. By contributing to conceptual clarity, we pave the way to further conceptual, theoretical and empirical work in the literature at the intersection between the circular economy and tourism.

Mechanically processed Sardinian wool promotes C–C bond synthesis under solvent-free conditions

Sardinian wool serves as a sustainable and efficient catalyst for solvent-free aldol, nitro-aldol, and Knoevenagel reactions, transforming waste biomass into valuable products and supporting circular economy principles.

Sustainable packaging operations: Balancing cost, functionality, and environmental concerns

Sustainable packaging has emerged as a critical focus in the intersection of environmental conservation and operational efficiency, as organizations strive to meet consumer demand for eco-friendly products while maintaining profitability. This study explores the triadic balance of cost, functionality, and environmental concerns in sustainable packaging operations, presenting insights into the strategies and innovations that can drive sustainable practices without compromising economic and practical considerations. Key challenges in sustainable packaging stem from the need to replace traditional materials with eco-friendly alternatives, such as biodegradable, recyclable, and reusable options, while ensuring durability, usability, and affordability. This research highlights the growing importance of lifecycle assessments (LCA) in evaluating the environmental footprint of packaging materials, as well as the integration of circular economy principles to optimize resource utilization. Advanced manufacturing technologies, such as 3D printing and digital design, are discussed for their role in reducing waste and enabling customized packaging solutions. The study also examines the role of collaboration across supply chains to develop cohesive sustainable packaging systems and the importance of consumer education in fostering adoption. Case studies of successful implementations in various industries, such as food and beverage, personal care, and e-commerce, illustrate how companies have innovatively balanced the competing demands of cost, functionality, and environmental sustainability. Furthermore, regulatory pressures and corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives are identified as significant drivers of sustainable packaging innovation. This study concludes with a discussion on future trends, including the potential of nanotechnology and smart materials in enhancing packaging performance while minimizing environmental impact. The findings underscore the need for a holistic approach to sustainable packaging that aligns with economic goals, regulatory requirements, and environmental stewardship. By leveraging emerging technologies and fostering cross-industry partnerships, businesses can achieve sustainable packaging operations that support long-term environmental and economic resilience.

Analysis of the Chinese passive/disposal combined-occurrence constructions

Abstract This study uses Bei-Ba constructions as a case study to investigate the Chinese passive/disposal combined-occurrence constructions. By comparing the synchrony and diachrony of the Bei-Ba constructions, it is found that while ancient Bei-Ba constructions have four different types, contemporary Bei-Ba constructions expanded to include a new type (Type III). The reason why Type III Bei-Ba constructions emerged is twofold: the expansion of the scenario in which Bei-Ba constructions reside provides the possibility for the emergence of Type III Bei-Ba constructions; the need for expressing negation leads to the necessity of the emergence of Type III Bei-Ba constructions. Although contemporary Bei-Ba constructions developed a new type, the general tendency of the Bei-Ba constructions is a decrement in both type and token frequency. This process of decrement cannot be avoided by Bei-Ba constructions, because: (1) they are less competitive than similar constructions on the Information Processing Time; (2) their lower frequency further results in their decrement. Theoretically, this study has shed light on the decrement of constructions and uncovered that the two determinants are the principle of economy and frequency.

The importance of logistics in the circular economy of agricultural enterprises

The article is intended to show the role of logistics in the circular economy. This is because it encompasses the actual flow of products from their source of production to the final consumer, taking into account all the tasks and activities involved, ensuring efficient, sustainable and economic processes. Circular economy aims to maximise product value through eco-design, increased sustainability, improved quality, eco-efficiency and the widespread use of renewable materials. This approach promotes waste reuse, recycling and recovery, as well as treating waste as a valuable resource. The agricultural industry deserves special attention in the context of the circular economy, so improvements have been proposed to change the agricultural enterprise to a greener and more practical one that applies the principles of the circular economy. Thus, biogas production, the transportation of slurry via pipeline system and the creation of an on-site photovoltaic panel farm were suggested. The application of these improvements could make the company independent and use only its resources. Furthermore, by using renewable energy sources, the company could increase its competitiveness in the market, become an independent entity and reduce its operating costs, all while increasing its efficiency.

Analisis Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Terhadap Produk Simpanan Di BMT Kota Payakumbuh

This study is motivated by the importance of compliance with Islamic economic law principles in savings products offered by Islamic financial institutions, such as Baitul Maal wa Tamwil (BMT). Previous research has largely focused on marketing aspects and the impact of savings products on financial institution revenue, but has not specifically addressed the implementation of wadi’ah and mudharabah contracts and the implications of unclear contracts on Sharia compliance. This study aims to analyze the application of Islamic economic law in savings products at BMT in Payakumbuh City, focusing on wadi’ah and mudharabah contracts. This research adopts a qualitative approach with a case study method. The study was conducted at BMT in Payakumbuh City from June to August 2024. Data sources consist of primary data obtained through in-depth interviews with BMT managers and customers, and secondary data in the form of contract documents used by BMT. Data collection techniques include interviews and document analysis, while data analysis uses qualitative descriptive methods with a non-statistical approach. To ensure data validity, member checking and source triangulation techniques were employed. The results indicate that the implementation of wadi’ah and mudharabah contracts in savings products at BMT in Payakumbuh City generally complies with Sharia principles, although there are some challenges related to contract clarity and communication with customers. This study is expected to contribute to the development of understanding of Islamic economic law and the practice of savings products at BMT, as well as increase public awareness in choosing Sharia-compliant financial products.

Sustainable Tech Entrepreneurship and Green Innovation Driving Resilience and Environmental Impact through Digital Transformation and Circular Business Models

Growing issues of climate change and depletion of natural resources demand a change in business models to be sustainable. This research examines Sustainable Technology Entrepreneurship (STE) and Green Innovation (GI), focusing on digital transformation, circular business models, and green finance as an evolution towards environmental resilience and sustainability. Regarding the potential issue of knowledge gaps when treating these components together, in this paper, the significant role these elements play in the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is also emphasized. In the study, a conceptual framework is developed, and a structural equation model (SEM) is used with data from over 200 participants. It is already demonstrated that digital technologies (DT) play the role of a considerable driving force behind sustainable entrepreneurship, a somewhat significant and supportive role of circular business models, and a moderate but significant one of green finance. STE is recognized as a significant mediating factor of the phenomenon, related to environmental resilience by way of innovative, sustainable concepts. This paper emphasizes the effectiveness of synergies between DT, circular economy principles and green finance to support sustainability, which can help key recommendations to policymakers and corporate managers for sustainable leverage of a growth path of economic development.

Mitigating Supply Chain Vulnerabilities: A Bibliometric Analysis of Sustainable Logistics for Resilience and Risk Management with Perspectives on the Automotive Industry

In a world increasingly shaped by global disruptions—ranging from pandemics and natural disasters to geopolitical tensions—the integration of sustainable logistics practices and supply chain resilience has become a cornerstone of modern supply chain strategies. This study undertakes a bibliometric analysis of 445 Scopus-indexed documents (2002–2024) using VOSviewer and Biblioshiny, offering a systematic exploration of critical research trends, thematic clusters, and knowledge gaps within this intersection. The analysis identifies several dominant themes, including green logistics, circular economy principles, digital transformation technologies, and adaptive risk management. Findings highlight the transformative role of digital tools—such as blockchain, IoT, and AI—in enhancing supply chain transparency, predictive analytics, and operational agility. The automotive sector emerges as a focal industry, facing unique challenges of resource dependency, regulatory compliance, and the need to align sustainability with resilience frameworks. Additionally, the study underscores the growing prominence of circular economy practices, such as reverse logistics and closed-loop supply chains, in addressing environmental goals while bolstering supply chain adaptability. However, significant gaps persist, particularly in the empirical validation of sustainable logistics practices and their measurable impact on resilience outcomes across diverse regions and sectors. The study calls for the development of integrated frameworks that align environmental sustainability with technological innovation and operational efficiency, supported by longitudinal studies and cross-industry comparisons. This research contributes to academic discourse by offering actionable insights for scholars and practitioners. It establishes a foundational roadmap for integrating sustainability and resilience, emphasizing the pivotal role of digitalization and circular economy principles in shaping robust, adaptable supply chains capable of withstanding the complexities of an increasingly volatile global environment.

Role of Maritime Public Policy on The Economic Development of Coastal Communities in The Tanjungpinang City Area

Public policy plays a significant role in the development of coastal communities, particularly in areas heavily reliant on maritime resources. This research examines the role of maritime public policy in improving the economic welfare of coastal communities in Tanjungpinang City, located in the Riau Islands, Indonesia. With a population of over 230,000, Tanjungpinang is an archipelago whose residents are largely dependent on fisheries, marine tourism, and trade. The study highlights the importance of Law No. 32 of 2014 on Maritime Affairs and how policies derived from it aim to harness the potential of marine resources to benefit local economies through the blue economy principles. However, despite the clear goals of these policies, challenges in implementation persist. This study utilizes a qualitative approach, combining document analysis, interviews with local stakeholders, and surveys from coastal communities. The research finds that while maritime policies have facilitated several empowerment programs, such as the distribution of fish seeds and awareness campaigns, there are gaps in the infrastructure and workforce development needed to sustain these initiatives. Additionally, local communities show varying levels of engagement with the policies, which affects the overall impact on economic development. The study concludes that while maritime public policies have a positive influence on the economic development of coastal communities in Tanjungpinang City, their full potential can only be realized through continued investments in infrastructure, human resources, and better alignment with the local culture. Effective implementation requires ongoing supervision and adaptation to ensure sustainable growth in the region's maritime sectors.

INFLUENCE OF INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS ON CIRCULAR ECONOMY PRACTICES IN EMERGING TOURIST DESTINATIONS

This study examines how key institutions such as policies, incentives and stakeholder collaboration influence the implementation of circular economy initiatives in emerging tourism destinations. Main approach for this study is a case study method with documentary analysis and interviews with key stakeholders using Kazakhstan case. The documentary analysis showed the shortcomings of regulatory framework and adherence to a “planned circularity”. The analysis leads to practical recommendations for policymakers, including the development of comprehensive circular economy guidelines addressing tourism, financial incentives for businesses, infrastructure investment and increased collaboration among stakeholders. This study contributes to the literature by providing a detailed examination of how institutional factors shape circular economy practices in tourism in emerging destinations context. It offers insight into how global circular economy principles can be adapted to local conditions, thereby expanding understanding of the circular economy in different geographic and economic contexts.

Waste Management Strategies to Achieve Circular Economy in Korean Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology Industry: Implications and Development Plans from Global Cases

Objectives : As the importance of ESG in industry increases, global pharmaceutical & biotechnology companies are actively adopting circular economy principles in alignment with ESG reporting standards. With stricter environmental regulations emerging in Europe and the U.S., it is necessary for Korean companies focusing on the CDMO (Contract Development and Manufacturing Organization) to adapt to the changes. This research aims to provide suggestions for Korean companies to secure global competitiveness by improving their waste management strategy based on the circular economy through the case of global companies.Methods : The waste management and circular economy strategies of the global top 10 companies, waste management leaders, and Korean pharmaceutical and biotech companies (Yuhan, Hanmi Pharm, Celltrion, SK Bioscience) were analyzed in three stages: plastic waste reduction, value chain management, and take-back policies.Results and Discussion : Global companies were disclosing quantitative achievements in their plastic reduction strategies, introducing solutions in the transportation process that included supply chains, and establishing extended producer responsibility legislation (EPR) policies for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. In contrast, Korean companies lack detailed goals and measurable outcomes in these areas, with limited participation in global initiatives and insufficient EPR strategies due to a lack of government regulation.Conclusion : Korean pharmaceutical & biotech companies should establish strategies, such as upgrading plastic waste management systems, converting packaging materials, joining initiatives, and introducing take-back programs, with transparently disclosing their performance to achieve circular economic goals and strengthen their competitiveness in the global market.

Sharia-Based Green Economic Transformation: A Maqasid Framework for Sustainable Social and Environmental Development Through Industrial Policy and Innovation

The main problem in this study is the lack of a comprehensive integration model between sharia-based industries and green economy principles that also support religious moderation and desire. (Shamil Shovkhalov1,2,* 2024. Principles of Islamic economics and its contribution to the ecological ecosystem and green economy development of WFCES). Although the existing literature has extensively addressed aspects of the Shariah economy and the green economy separately, only few have highlighted how these two concepts can be combined to achieve broader goals, including ummah moderation and social welfare. (Prof. Dr. Tariqullah Khan, 2023 Climate Crisis Mitigation – Maqasid Al-Shariah Framework in Islamic Economics Articles on Islamic Economics). This study aims to develop a new framework that integrates Islamic economic principles, specifically Maqasid Shariah, with green economic practices to support not only ecosystems, but also religious moderation. (Christoph Mueller-Bloch Johann Kranz 2015 A Framework for Rigorously Identifying Research Gaps in Qualitative Literature Reviews Conference: Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS)). The research method used was a qualitative approach with literature study and content analysis of various relevant data sources, including scholarly journals, reference books, and policy reports. The obtained data were analyzed to identify gaps in the literature and formulate the proposed framework. (Abdurahman J. Yesuf a, Dalal Aassouli ab 2020 Exploring synergies and performance evaluation between Islamic funds and socially responsible investment (SRI) in the light of Heliyon’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)). The results of the study suggest that the integration between Shariah-based industries and the green economy can make a significant contribution to environmental and social poverty, stressing the importance of religious moderation as a key element in sustainable development strategies. (Abdurahman J. Yesuf a, Dalal Aassouli ab 2020 Exploring synergies and performance evaluation between Islamic funds and socially responsible investment (SRI) in the light of Heliyon’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)). The conclusion of this study is that the proposed framework can serve as a guide for stakeholders in developing policies and practices that support sustainability and broader social well-being through harmonious integration between the Islamic economy and the green economy.

Artificial Intelligence in Waste Management in the Context of Implementing Circular Economy

The depth of the ecological crisis raises the issue of implementing innovative solutions and technologies in waste management that align with the principles of the circular economy. This research explores the advantages of using artificial intelligence (AI) in waste management systems in Ukraine. The study employs methods of systems analysis, formalization, abstract and logical analysis, in addition to the linear trend method. A comparative analysis of waste management in Ukraine and EU countries was conducted. It was found that the waste generation level in Ukraine is 11.1 tons per person per year, compared to 4.8 tons in the EU. Only 8.24% of waste in Ukraine is sent for recycling, while this figure reaches 49.6% in the EU. The analysis revealed that insufficient infrastructure, poor-quality legislation, and the destruction caused by the war significantly affect waste management practices in Ukraine. An exhaustive review of current startups and technological solutions in waste management utilizing AI was conducted. The findings show that the implementation of AI in waste management can increase recycling rates by 20-30% and reduce operational costs by 10-15%. It is projected that by 2033, the global AI market for waste management will reach USD 18.2 billion, demonstrating an annual growth rate of 27.5%. The study concludes that applying AI in waste management in Ukraine could significantly reduce waste incineration and increase recycling rates to 70% by 2030, aligning with the goals of the National Waste Management Strategy.

Advances in Recycling Technologies of Critical Metals and Resources from Cathodes and Anodes in Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

With the rapid economic development and the continuous growth in the demand for new energy vehicles and energy storage systems, a significant number of waste lithium-ion batteries are expected to enter the market in the future. Effectively managing the processing and recycling of these batteries to minimize environmental pollution is a major challenge currently facing the lithium-ion battery industry. This paper analyzes and compares the recycling strategies for different components of lithium-ion batteries, providing a summary of the main types of batteries, existing technologies at various pre-treatment stages, and recycling techniques for valuable resources such as heavy metals and graphite. Currently, pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy processes have matured; however, their high energy consumption and pollution levels conflict with the principles of the current green economy. As a result, innovative technologies have emerged, aiming to reduce energy consumption while achieving high recovery rates and minimizing the environmental impact. Nevertheless, most of these technologies are currently limited to the laboratory scale and are not yet suitable for large-scale application.

From mechanisms to application: Exploring Pickering emulsions stabilized by nanocellulose with eucalyptus oil for enhanced seed germination

This study comprehensively explores Pickering emulsions, their stabilization mechanisms, and the potential of nanocellulose in agricultural applications. Initially, the fundamental principles and mechanisms of Pickering emulsions are reviewed, highlighting their ability to form stable, particle-stabilized emulsions. The focus then shifts to cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), extracted from sugarcane bagasse, as stabilizing agents in emulsions containing eucalyptus oil, with the aim of enhancing seed germination in mung beans. CNCs were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confirming their suitability for forming stable emulsions. Results demonstrate that CNC-stabilized Pickering emulsions with eucalyptus oil create a conducive microenvironment for seed germination, offering an eco-friendly and sustainable agricultural innovation. The utilization of sugarcane bagasse-derived CNCs emphasizes the valorization of agricultural waste, aligning with principles of circular economy and sustainability. While the findings are promising, further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which CNC-stabilized emulsions enhance germination, evaluate their broader applicability to other crops, and examine long-term effects on plant growth and development. This work bridges fundamental research on Pickering emulsions and practical applications, showcasing the potential of nanotechnology and agricultural waste valorization in driving sustainable agricultural practices.

Moneylender Free Village: A Case Study of Fostering Social Piety in the Cikuasa Community, Cilegon City, Indonesia

This study investigates the Moneylender Free Village (MFV) program within the Cikuasa community, Cilegon City, Indonesia, examining its role in fostering Islamic economic principles and social piety. Through qualitative descriptive research involving interviews with 20 purposively selected respondents, this study explores the negative impacts of loan shark practices on the community, the formation and implementation of the MFV program with the guidance of NGOs and Islamic banking, and the subsequent empowerment of social piety among community members. Findings reveal that the MFV program effectively mitigates the detrimental effects of loan sharks, fostering economic stability and social well-being. Furthermore, the study demonstrates how the program contributes to the enhancement of social piety through increased awareness of Allah's supervision, the cultivation of ihsan (excellence in worship and conduct), and the promotion of beneficial social interactions within the community.

Empowering Middle School Students for a Sustainable Future: Integrating Circular Economy Principles with Youth Entrepreneurship Education

Empowering Middle School Students for a Sustainable Future: Integrating Circular Economy Principles with Youth Entrepreneurship Education

Behavioral choice of manufacturers, recyclers and customers in Trade-In Programs.

This study investigates the behavioral choices of manufacturers, recyclers, and customers in Trade-In Programs designed to promote recycling and environmental sustainability. Using a manufacturer-led evolutionary game model, the research explores how factors such as government policies, market demand, financial incentives, and the simplicity of participation impact stakeholder engagement in these programs. Numerical simulations were conducted to analyze the effects of specific parameters on each participants' willingness to participate. Results show that increased subsidies and investment in innovation by manufacturers significantly enhance recycler and customer participation in ethic Trade-In Programs. Conversely, higher revenue-sharing by manufacturers tends to reduce engagement from both parties, while manufacturers receiving substantial brand and social benefits alongside government subsidies to encourage broader stakeholder involvement. These findings offer critical insights for designing effective Trade-In Programs, supporting sustainable recycling practices and circular economy principles. The study provides actionable guidance for policymakers and industry leaders aiming to boost participation in environmentally focused recycling initiatives, laying a foundation for more sustainable industrial practices.

Assessment of Waste Management Practices of Different Manufacturing Companies in Camarines Sur

This study examines waste management practices among manufacturing companies in Camarines Sur, Philippines, focusing on implementation effectiveness and compliance levels across collection, segregation, transportation, and treatment dimensions. Through quantitative analysis of 29 respondents from manufacturing enterprises and 5 local government units, the research evaluates current practices, challenges, and opportunities for improvement. Government implementation shows varying effectiveness, with collection practices demonstrating the highest implementation (3.159), while treatment practices (2.47) require significant enhancement. Manufacturing companies exhibit moderate compliance across all dimensions (overall mean: 2.821), with collection leading (3.02) and treatment showing the lowest implementation (2.579). Financial constraints emerge as the primary challenge for both government (17 respondents) and manufacturing sectors (19 respondents), followed by technical limitations and negative environmental attitudes. The findings highlight the need for enhanced financial support mechanisms, improved technical infrastructure, and stronger environmental awareness programs. The study recommends implementing standardized protocols, investing in advanced technologies, strengthening regulatory frameworks, and fostering public-private partnerships to achieve sustainable waste management practices aligned with circular economy principles.

Sustainable Solid Waste Management in Developing Countries: Converting Urban Wood, Garden, Food, and Cardboard Waste Into Biochar Using Pyrolysis

Effective municipal solid waste (MSW) management presents a critical challenge globally, exacerbated by rapid urbanisation, population growth, and shifting consumption patterns. This review paper focuses on the sustainable management of food, wood, garden, and cardboard waste (FW, GWW, and CW) in developing countries, with a particular emphasis on Sri Lanka. The review highlights the urgent need for innovative solutions due to the inefficiencies of current waste management practices, which primarily involve open dumping and limited composting and recycling. This review aims to evaluate the potential of pyrolysis technology in converting these waste streams into Biochar, a valuable by-product with numerous environmental, agricultural, and industrial applications. The methodology involved a comprehensive literature review using resources like Google Scholar and Science Direct, focusing on the application of Pyrolysis for transforming waste into Biochar. Key findings indicate that Pyrolysis offers a viable solution by converting waste into Biochar, which has beneficial applications in agriculture and environmental management. Pyrolysis techniques are noted for their potential to reduce methane emissions, improve soil fertility, and enhance waste-to-energy conversion. The review recommends enhancing waste segregation and collection infrastructure, promoting sustainable waste management techniques, increasing public awareness, and investing in research and development. Policy support and public-private partnerships are also essential for improving waste management practices. Future research should explore circular economy principles, the long-term impacts of current practices, and advanced waste processing technologies. Implementing these recommendations can significantly advance MSW management, mitigate environmental pollution, and promote public health, fostering more sustainable urban environments.