Economical Method Research Articles

О некоторых проблемах и предложениях по совершенствованию управления природными ресурсами России. Региональный аспект

The article discusses methodological issues and methods of resource management at the regional level. The problems that hinder the improvement of the efficiency of using Russia's resource potential are analyzed, and proposals for their solution are given. The features of mineral resource management, the impact of raw material extraction on the socio-economic development of the territory, and the spatial development of the region are considered in more detail. It is proposed to radically transform the existing mechanisms of financial relations "center - regions" in favor of the latter, the use of economic methods to stimulate mining enterprises in the rational use of natural resources. The author recommends the creation of a unified federal body for integrated environmental management in the country, and the expansion of the degree of participation in natural resource management by territorial authorities – both subjects of the Russian Federation and municipalities. In the context of growing economic uncertainty and fragmentation of the global economy, external shocks, unprecedented sanctions, man-made internal crises, abnormal instability of the ruble, as well as a difficult demographic situation and a shortage of able-bodied people, finds it more rational to get out of the confrontation, search for ways to jointly develop the global economy and the place of Russia and its regions in this process.

Understanding price momentum, market fluctuations, and crashes: insights from the extended Samuelson model

Although momentum strategies result in abnormal profitability, thereby challenging the efficient market hypothesis (EMH), concerns persist regarding their reliability due to their significant volatility and susceptibility to substantial losses. In this study, we investigate the limitations of these strategies and propose a solution. Our literature review reveals that the volatile profits are due to statistical analyses that assume the persistence of past patterns, leading to unreliable results in out-of-sample scenarios when underlying mechanisms evolve. Statistical analysis, the predominant method in financial economics, often proves inadequate in explaining market fluctuations and predicting crashes. To overcome these limitations, a paradigm shift towards dynamic approaches is essential. Drawing inspiration from three groundbreaking economists, we introduce the extended Samuelson model (ESM), a dynamic model that connects price changes to market participant actions. This paradigm transition uncovers several significant findings. First, timely signals indicate momentum initiations, cessations, and reversals, validated using S&P 500 data from 1999 to 2023. Second, ESM predicts the 1987 Black Monday crash weeks in advance, offering a new perspective on its underlying cause. Third, we classify sequential stock price data into eight distinct market states, including their thresholds for transitions, laying the groundwork for market trend predictions and risk assessments. Fourth, the ESM is shown to be a compelling alternative to EMH, offering potent explanatory and predictive power based on a single, realistic assumption. Our findings suggest that ESM has the potential to provide policymakers with proactive tools, enabling financial institutions to enhance their risk assessment and management strategies.

Quantification of Myocardial Biomarkers in Sudden Cardiac Deaths Using a Rapid Immunofluorescence Method for Simultaneous Biomarker Analysis

Background/Objectives: Differential diagnosis of sudden cardiac death (SCD) remains challenging, particularly in cases lacking evident structural abnormalities. Cardiac markers have been proposed as useful tools for this differentiation in forensic contexts. However, key issues include the influence of postmortem interval (PMI) on marker stability and the limitations of traditional approaches that focus on pericardial fluid, which requires invasive sampling compared to peripheral blood. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of cardiac markers in peripheral blood for diagnosing SCD, addressing methodological concerns related to PMI, hemolysis, and sample handling. Methods: This study analyzed 5 cardiac markers (creatine kinase-MB [CK-MB], myoglobin, troponin I [TnI], BNP, and D-dimer) in peripheral blood samples from 42 autopsied cadavers, divided into an SCD group and a control group. Marker levels were quantified using immunofluorescence, with cases meticulously selected to exclude confounding factors such as chronic diseases, pulmonary thromboembolism, and drowning. The study also accounted for potential degradation due to PMI, and evaluated the accuracy of point-of-care testing (POCT) in forensic samples. Results: The study identified statistically significant differences in myoglobin and TnI levels between the SCD group and the control group, though myoglobin’s diagnostic reliability remains limited due to its lack of specificity for myocardial injury. TnI emerged as a more robust marker for SCD. Contrary to prior concerns, PMI showed no significant correlation with marker levels in samples handled without freeze–thaw cycles. Issues related to hemolysis were addressed, and no significant effects were observed from resuscitation maneuvers. Conclusions: This study supports the potential use of cardiac markers, particularly TnI, in peripheral blood for postmortem SCD diagnosis, emphasizing the importance of rapid and systematic analysis to minimize hemolysis-related variability. While further validation is needed to confirm these findings, this approach offers a less invasive, economical, and practical method for forensic investigations.

Экономическое развитие сельских агломераций: анализ факторов, способствующих экономическому росту в сельских регионах

In the period from 1993 to the present day, agriculture in Russia was characterized by unstable and even depressive development, which was accompanied by a lack of rural development, which occurred against the background of ongoing negative trends in both the social and economic spheres. These trends manifested themselves in a decrease in the number of agricultural enterprises, which led to a decrease in the quality and standard of living of the rural population, deterioration of the social and transport infrastructure, optimization of municipalities in terms of their enlargement. The highlighted consequences as a result of the influence of negative factors require drastic measures to prevent further collapse of rural areas, which in turn required the activation of management decisions regarding the formation of rural agglomerations and the identification of factors ensuring their sustainable economic development. Objective: The complexity and versatility of the topic under study is reflected in the goal set – to analyze the factors determining the economic growth of rural agglomerations. Methods: in achieving the goal, scientific methods were used: analytical, methods of theoretical and empirical knowledge; economic and statistical methods; methods of analysis and synthesis. Results: having studied the scientific views of modern authors on the identification of factors and analyzed their impact on the level of development of agglomerations, the article reveals the key ones and assesses the impact of these factors on the level of economic growth of rural agglomerations. Conclusion: the implementation of a positive synergistic effect of the impact of factors will allow achieving economic growth of agglomerations in rural areas.

Use of chitosan of various origins in medicine

Chitosan is widely used in all areas of human activity. It is obtained from animals, insects, and plants containing chitin through chemical purification. Animal-derived raw materials are most in demand, while insect-derived sources are the most promising. Main Provisions. Chitosan is extensively used in medicine: in nutrition, surgery, hematology, dentistry, and oncology. It exhibits biocompatibility, bioresorbability, non-toxicity, hemostatic properties, plasticity, adhesive qualities, and has antibacterial properties. By altering the chemical formula of chitosan, its molecular weight and charge, and combining it with various substances, new application areas and more economical extraction methods can be found. Detoxifying, sorptive, and hypolipidemic properties are sought after in nutrition and gastroenterology. The effects of chitosan on various phases of regeneration, as well as its anticoagulant properties, are utilized in surgery. Chitosan’s osteoinductive efects are applied in dentistry and traumatology, while its hemostatic, antibacterial, antitumor, and radioprotective properties are key research directions in emergency surgery and oncology, respectively. Conclusion. The widespread application of chitosan in all areas of human activity, especially in medicine, makes it a sought-after and promising substance. To expand the production of various chitosan-based substances, it is essential to find new, cheaper methods for extracting chitosan from chitin, streamline the routes from raw materials to final products, and develop independent Russian equivalents of chitosan drug forms.

Community-based valuation of wetland ecosystem services: insights from Bamenda, Cameroon

Wetlands provide important benefits in terms of provisioning, cultural, regulating and supporting ecosystem services to societies all over the world, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. Despite the existence of multiple approaches for the valuation of these services, economic methods have dominated the scientific debate with infrequent integration of non-monetary valuation methods to capture community perceptions. This paper aims to assess the value of ecosystem services provided by wetlands based on the perception of the local community in Bamenda Cameroon. We explore if this perception is influenced by factors such as gender, education, and sub-division of residence in relation to the wetland area using a questionnaire administered purposively to a total of 400 respondents living/carrying out activities in and around wetlands. We complemented this methodology with field observation to explore aspects of wetland utilisation on the ground beyond the pre-defined survey questions assessing communities’ perception of the importance of different ecosystem services. Data was entered into the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 20) for wrangling and visualisation in R (version 4.3.0). The results indicate that the most valued wetland ecosystem services are directly linked to peoples’ livelihood such as the provision of food, traditional agricultural practices and the support of habitats to various plants and animals collected or hunted by local people. We also found a significant difference between the perception of the importance of ecosystem services based on educational level and sub-division of location in relation to wetlands (P-value ≤ 0.01), suggesting that communities living closer to the wetlands appreciate the importance of the ecosystem services relatively more than those living further away. Our results are relevant for improved recognition and integration of local community interest and engagement for inclusive wetland conservation and management.

Levels of corporate environmental strategies in Hungary and the associated environmental management control tools

The research aims to map environmental protection strategies and the related control tools and to identify the links among companies with the largest number of employees and sites in Hungary. The research questions were answered using a questionnaire survey method. The authors used cluster analysis to classify the 205 company strategies into the identified strategy clusters: Leaders, Awakeners, and Laggards. Then, the examined 21 environmental management control tools in the sample were divided into four groups: strategic, administrative, methodological and economic. Economic and strategic methods were the most common in the sample. The authors used cross-tabulation analysis to examine whether there is a statistically proven relationship between belonging to environmental strategy clusters and specific control tools. The analysis showed significant but weak to moderate relationships. According to Cramer’s V and the contingency coefficient, the closest relationship between the tested environmental management control tools and membership in environmental strategy clusters is shown by evaluating investments, assessing the economic viability of environmental strategies, and running an environmental training program for employees. In case of the robust lambda indicator, a significant relationship was found by examining the economics of environmental strategies and identifying environmental success factors and eco-balances. It can be concluded that the companies under examination follow a set of environmental goals, which they have incorporated into their strategic objectives. They use the available environmental management control toolbox to develop their strategies and to monitor their implementation to varying degrees.

Can Gender-Responsive Public Procurement Approach be Incorporated into Public Procurement Law

The basic function of public procurement is to supply the requirements of public institutions on the market. However, the social state idea and sustainable approach bring innovative opinion of public procurement. Considering gender-responsive needs in purchasing processes, creating equal conditions between women and men, assuming a supportive role in reducing existing economic inequalities methods are among the important steps taken at this point. Considering the Turkish public procurement legislation, it can be seen that no concrete steps have been taken on the issues. The aim of this article is to analyse the applicability of the gender-responsive public procurement approach within the framework of Turkish public procurement legislation. In this context, evaluations have been made to bring an innovative perspective to the legislation, based on the principle of equality in the Constitution and the practices considered exceptions to the principle of equality in the Public Procurement Law.

Low temperature synthesis of carbon-based adsorbents from cellulose or biomass solid waste and its evaluation of cadmium ions removal from water

Biomass carbon-based adsorbents can adsorb cadmium (Cd2+) in wastewater. In this study, calcium-modified carbon-based adsorbent (CC-CBA) was prepared using cellulose as the raw material, with CaCl2 and Ca(OH)2 serving as modifiers, followed by low-temperature (300°C) pyrolysis after ball milling. Compared with unmodified and CaCl2 modified adsorbents, CC-CBA had superior adsorption performance, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 93.99mg/g. The adsorption of Cd2+ was predicted using models such as pseudo-first-order kinetics, pseudo-second-order kinetics, Freundlich, Langmuir, and Temkin. Liquid film diffusion and intra-particle diffusion were the rate-limiting steps in the adsorption process. Physical adsorption, surface complexation and ion exchange were the main adsorption mechanisms. The raw material was extended to wheat straw, activated sludge, and pomelo peel, all of which showed good adsorption performance. This study demonstrated an economical and energy-saving preparation method for biomass carbon-based adsorbents to remove Cd2+.

Evaluating the impact of rock damage and induced fracture evolution on heat extraction using supercritical carbon dioxide as the working fluid: Semi-analytical model, numerical model, workflow, economic analysis, and field case

Geothermal energy, a clean and renewable source, has garnered significant attention. The excellent physical properties of supercritical carbon dioxide make it an ideal fluid for geothermal development. Fractures act as channels for the efficient seepage and heat transfer of supercritical carbon dioxide. Consequently, the macroscopic fracture damage and evolution induced by the flow of supercritical carbon dioxide impact heat extraction efficiency. Here, pseudo-pressure (multi-stage induced fracture and non-Darcy multi-stage fractured) and temperature well-testing (multi-stage induced fracture thermal and non-Darcy multi-stage fractured temperature) models are developed to monitor the fractures evolution during heat transfer. The finite element method, superposition principle, and Duhamel principle are utilized to establish the proposed models. Numerical models that either consider or disregard rock damage and fracture evolution are developed to simulate and compare the efficiency of heat extraction. The COMSOL Multiphysics 6.1 software is used to solve a heat extraction transient evaluation model. A workflow for utilizing the developed models is proposed, followed by an economic sensitivity analysis. Finally, the models are applied to field cases in the Babbage Oilfield to guide the extraction of geothermal energy. Core displacement experiments are conducted to validate its accuracy, and a differential economic analysis method demonstrates its economic benefits. Results show that the well-testing models invert parameters related to reservoir and fracture evolution. Rock damage and fracture evolution during a heat extraction process are primarily influenced by thermal stress, thermal shock, and pressure-driven effects. As production progresses, fracture permeability and porosity increase, rock elastic modulus decreases, and production temperature drops. Comparing the results with versus without considering rock damage and fracture evolution reveals that their maximum pressure difference is 14% and their maximum temperature difference is 5%. The production pseudo-pressure has the greatest impact on fracture evolution. The injection temperature has the most significant effect on heat extraction efficiency, followed by injection pressure, fracture permeability, and a mass flow rate, with elastic modulus having the least impact. The maximum differential economic benefit for a single horizontal well injection-production system reaches $293,000. Field case studies from the Babbage Oilfield demonstrate the practicality of the developed models and workflow. In summary, the models, workflow, and economic analysis methods proposed in this work provide guidance for engineers in formulating more optimized heat extraction schemes.

A comprehensive screening method of oxidation systems based on reaction rate constant (k value) and emergy (Em value).

Oxidation systems are diverse and widely used for the degradation of organic pollutants in water. Identifying suitable oxidation systems for certain organic pollutants is a common challenge in practical engineering. Simultaneous consideration of the oxidation selectivity and economy of different oxidation systems for organic pollutants can improve the accuracy of the screening process. Among these factors, the k value and energy consumption serve as critical indicators for evaluating selectivity and economy, respectively. In comparison to traditional pricing methods, the Em value method provides a more authentic and precise evaluation of energy consumption. Therefore, using O3, Fenton and UV/H2O2 systems as case studies, this research aims to establish a comprehensive evaluation method for solar energy per order (SEO) values of oxidation systems based on k value + Em value. The results showed that for organic pollutions containing more electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs) such as nitro and halogenated, e.g., 2,6-Dinitrotoluene (1.08E+12 sej/m3/order), the Fenton system has a lower SEO value and is an efficient and economical oxidation method. For organic pollutions containing more electron-donating groups (EDGs) such as amino and hydroxyl, e.g., Aniline (1.49E+12 sej/m3/order), the O3 system has a lower SEO value and is a suitable oxidation method.

A Comprehensive Overview of Recent Trends in the Production of Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Compounds Using Nanocatalysts

Nanocatalysis is the newest invention in the area of synthetic chemistry that has changed the process of chemical transformation. The nanocatalysts have various benefits as compared to traditional catalysts, such as simple and economical methods of synthesis, high surface-to-volume ratio, large number of active sites, excellent selectivity, increased stability, rapid recovery, and recyclability. In recent years, nanomaterials have been extensively employed in the production of heterocyclic moieties. This study intends to emphasize the function of distinct nanocatalysts in the synthesis of various nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds. An update on the catalytic efficiency of different nanocatalysts, such as magnetic nanocatalysts, nanomixed metal oxides, core-shell nanocatalysts, nano-supported catalysts, and graphene-based nanocatalysts for the production of heterocycles has been provided in this article.

Security implication of network slicing in 5g-Enabled IoT environment

The Internet of Things (IoT) situation has changed drastically as a result of the deployment of 5G technology, that provides improved connectivity, scalability, and network slicing for service differentiation. The security implications of network slicing in 5G-enabled IoT systems are examined in this study, with a focus on the necessity of strong isolation measures. The contribution of important technologies like Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and Software-Defined Networking (SDN) to safe slice operation is assessed. The limitations of current methods are also addressed by a Dynamic Secure Isolation Framework (DSIF), which combines dynamic resource allocation, AI-driven threat detection, and Zero Trust Architecture to improve isolation and reduce vulnerabilities. The investigation suggests new technologies like blockchain and quantum cryptography as viable solutions for the primary issues with secure slicing, including as cost, latency, and lifecycle complexity. The suggested framework lays the groundwork for upcoming IoT advancements by guaranteeing safe, scalable, and resilient slice operations. Proactive security measures should be prioritized, standardized standards should be developed together, and more research into economic isolation methods should be conducted. The security and dependability of 5G network slicing in IoT are improved by this study's findings.

Oil spill cleanup using EDTA-coated magnetite magnetic nanoparticles

As a result of the critical importance of crude oil in modern industrial society, oil spills, specifically those involving crude oil, generate substantial environmental and ecological difficulties. In contrast to conventional treatment approaches, nanotechnology has demonstrated its efficacy in remedying oil spills This type of pollution could occur during oil investigation, transit, or storage. This study adopted a straightforward and economical method utilizing iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles for oil spills cleanup. Magnetite Fe3O4 MNPs were synthesized using the co-precipitation technique, which involved combining ferric and ferrous ions in an alkaline solution at 80°C and a pH of 14. MNPs were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). To improve their stability and efficacy, MNPs were coated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Three samples of crude oil with different APIs (23, 28.4, and 40.3) were used to study the ability of coated MNPs for oil spill cleanup. Removal experiments were conducted at 25°C with a mass range of adsorbent (0.02-0.06 g). A neodymium magnet was utilized to extract the oil-contaminated magnetic nanoparticles from the water. The gravimetric oil removal (GOR) for APIs 23, 28.4, and 40.3 were 11.4 - 3.35, 7.19- 2.15, and 4.81 to 1.16 g/g, respectively. Experimental results demonstrated an inverse relationship between GOR and the API value, indicating that as the API value decreased, GOR increased, and vice versa. Furthermore, as the mass of the adsorbent material increased (0.02-0.06g), the GOR value decreased.

Study of Optical Properties Blue Emitting Co2+ Doped Zn2SiO4 Phosphor

This study presents the synthesis and optical characterization of a blue-emitting Co2+-doped Zn2SiO4 phosphor, prepared via an economical solid-state reaction method. Co2+ doping concentrations were systematically varied (1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mol%) to explore their effect on the phosphor's properties. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis confirmed the orthorhombic crystal structure (ICCD No. 00-001-1975) of Zn2SiO4, with an average crystallite size of approximately 34.79 nm calculated using the Debye-Scherrer formula. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements revealed a prominent blue emission peak at 460 nm, attributed to the 4A2 → 4T1 (4P) + transition of Co2+ ions under 334 nm excitation. Additionally, the color coordinates and correlated color temperature (CCT) of the emission were determined, underscoring the phosphor's potential as a robust, efficient blue emitter suitable for optoelectronic and lighting applications.

Modification of Agricultural Waste Carbon Adsorbents with Iron and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Heavy Metals Removal: A Scoping Review of the Literature

Introduction: Considering the damage caused by heavy metal pollution, researchers and environmental health organizations have prioritized developing methods to remove heavy metal ions from polluted water. This study reviews existing literature on the use of agricultural waste, as well as the modification of agricultural waste with iron and iron oxides, for heavy metal removal. Materials and Methods: The systematic review included a search for relevant literature published between 2000 and 2022 in English, with 45 articles being selected for inclusion. After removal of duplicates and screening for eligibility, thematic analysis was conducted to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of practical, economic methods for preparing and modifying agricultural waste for heavy metal removal. Results: A total of 45 articles were selected for inclusion, covering the preparation and modification of adsorbents from cellulose sources and agricultural waste. Thematic analysis revealed that agricultural waste is an environmentally friendly adsorbent with a high capacity for removing cadmium, lead, and arsenic from aqueous solutions. Moreover, modified adsorbents with iron and iron oxide nanoparticles demonstrated superior adsorption capacities compared to their unmodified counterparts. Conclusion: This review highlights the potential of utilizing cellulose sources, particularly processed fruit waste, as a suitable material for preparing carbon-based adsorbents and modifying their surfaces with iron and iron oxide nanoparticles. Their abundance, adsorption capacity, low cost, and availability make them a promising solution for removing heavy metals from aqueous solutions.

Toward value-based care using cost mining: cost aggregation and visualization across the entire colorectal cancer patient pathway

BackgroundThe aim of this study is to develop a method we call “cost mining” to unravel cost variation and identify cost drivers by modelling integrated patient pathways from primary care to the palliative care setting. This approach fills an urgent need to quantify financial strains on healthcare systems, particularly for colorectal cancer, which is the most expensive cancer in Australia, and the second most expensive cancer globally.MethodsWe developed and published a customized algorithm that dynamically estimates and visualizes the mean, minimum, and total costs of care at the patient level, by aggregating activity-based healthcare system costs (e.g. DRGs) across integrated pathways. This extends traditional process mining approaches by making the resulting process maps actionable and informative and by displaying cost estimates. We demonstrate the method by constructing a unique dataset of colorectal cancer pathways in Victoria, Australia, using records of primary care, diagnosis, hospital admission and chemotherapy, medication, health system costs, and life events to create integrated colorectal cancer patient pathways from 2012 to 2020.ResultsCost mining with the algorithm enabled exploration of costly integrated pathways, i.e. drilling down in high-cost pathways to discover cost drivers, for 4246 cases covering approx. 4 million care activities. Per-patient CRC pathway costs ranged from $10,379 AUD to $41,643 AUD, and varied significantly per cancer stage such that e.g. chemotherapy costs in one cancer stage are different to the same chemotherapy regimen in a different stage. Admitted episodes were most costly, representing 93.34% or $56.6 M AUD of the total healthcare system costs covered in the sample.ConclusionsCost mining can supplement other health economic methods by providing contextual, sequence and timing-related information depicting how patients flow through complex care pathways. This approach can also facilitate health economic studies informing decision-makers on where to target care improvement or to evaluate the consequences of new treatments or care delivery interventions. Through this study we provide an approach for hospitals and policymakers to leverage their health data infrastructure and to enable real time patient level cost mining.

Enabling Fast AI-Driven Inverse Design of a Multifunctional Nanosurface by Parallel Evolution Strategies.

Multifunctional nanosurfaces receive growing attention due to their versatile properties. Capillary force lithography (CFL) has emerged as a simple and economical method for fabricating these surfaces. In recent works, the authors proposed to leverage the evolution strategies (ES) to modify nanosurface characteristics with CFL to achieve specific functionalities such as frictional, optical, and bactericidal properties. For artificial intelligence (AI)-driven inverse design, earlier research integrates basic multiphysics principles such as dynamic viscosity, air diffusivity, surface tension, and electric potential with backward deep learning (DL) on the framework of ES. As a successful alternative to reinforcement learning, ES performed well for the AI-driven inverse design. However, the computational limitations of ES pose a critical technical challenge to achieving fast and efficient design. This paper addresses the challenges by proposing a parallel-computing-based ES (named parallel ES). The parallel ES demonstrated the desired speed and scalability, accelerating the AI-driven inverse design of multifunctional nanopatterned surfaces. Detailed parallel ES algorithms and cost models are presented, showing its potential as a promising tool for advancing AI-driven nanomanufacturing.

Reasons for money issue in modern Russia

Subject. The article addresses the reasons for money emission in modern Russia. Objectives. The purpose of the work is to identify the reasons for money emission in modern Russia. Methods. The research methodology rests on the use of general scientific methods, primarily on the analysis and synthesis of data, and special economic and mathematical methods, in particular, correlation and regression analysis. A graphical method is used to present the obtained scientific results. Results. The study shows the connection between the relevance of the analysis of causes of money emission in modern Russia, and strong-willed efforts of government bodies and monetary authorities to mobilize financial sources of economic growth under sanctions pressure. The paper revealed a dominant volatile growth (growth rate) of quoted shares of Russian issuers traded on the domestic market, and a moderate growth of debt burden. It also discovered a significant increase in the requirements of banking system organizations to other financial organizations, non-financial organizations, and households, with an increase in actual international reserves and net foreign assets of the banking system. Conclusions. The identified reasons for the issue of money in modern Russia will allow the financial authorities to smoothly regulate the growth of listed shares of Russian issuers and the debt burden, fulfilling the budget expenses and preserving the international reserves.

Применение методов форсайт-анализа для исследования продовольственного обеспечения

This article discusses the possibilities of using foresight analysis methods in relation to the issue of food supply. Taking into account the fact that food markets are a rather complex object of study, and food supply depends not only on quantitative (volume of consumption, total calorie intake), but also qualitative parameters (quality of nutrition, structure and macronutrient composition of the food basket, provision of micronutrients, etc.), using only quantitative, economic and statistical methods for analysis is inappropriate. The best effect can be achieved by foresight techniques that take into account non-trivial, deep connections and allow a more comprehensive look at the phenomenon under consideration. Taking into account the above, the authors systematized modern approaches to foresight analysis, considered the most effective methods, such as identifying weak signals and wild card events, and also identified the features of using these methodological approaches for analyzing food markets, which are subject to a wide range of difficult to predict climatic and technogenic factors, as well as factors of geopolitical and macroeconomic nature. An emphasis on identifying implicit connections, and also predicting key reference points that can have a decisive impact on the development of food markets, can help improve economic resilience in the face of emerging global food crises. Thus, the study allows us to conclude that the use of modern foresight analysis methods for studying food supply issues is highly relevant. Identification of weak signals and wild card events can allow a more rational and realistic approach to constructing scenarios for the development of food industry sectors, as well as early identification of potential threats that could destabilize the situation and have a significant negative impact on the level of food supply, both at the level of individual countries and in the world at large.