Economic Viability Research Articles

Technoeconomic analysis for near-term scale-up of bioprocesses.

Growing the bioeconomy requires products and pathways that are cost-competitive. Technoeconomic analyses (TEAs) aim to predict the long-term economic viability and often use what are known as nth plant cost and performance parameters. However, as TEA is more widely adopted to inform everything from early-stage research to company and investor decision-making, the nth plant approach is inadequate and risks being misused to inform the early stages of scale-up. Some methods exist for conducting first-of-a-kind/pioneer plant cost analyses, but these receive less attention and have not been critically evaluated. This article explores TEA methods for early-stage scale-up, critically evaluates their applicability to biofuels and bioproducts, and recommends strategies for producing TEA results better suited to guiding prioritization and successful scale-up of bioprocesses.

Environmental Seasonality Affects the Growth, Yield and Economic Viability of Irrigated Forage Species in Dry Regions

ABSTRACTIrrigation in semi‐arid regions overcomes edaphoclimatic limitations, guaranteeing livestock farming and reducing the seasonality of forage production. The objective is therefore to evaluate the influence of seasonal variations on the development and accumulation of forage species. The study was conducted in the semi‐arid region of Brazil over several harvests from 2020 to 2023 in a randomized block design with four replications, comprising pasture grasses (Brachiaria, buffel, Mombasa and Tanzania), silage crops (BRS Capiaçu, elephant grass, maize and sorghum) and protein sources (alfalfa, Gliricidia, Leucaena and Moringa) subjected to a fixed irrigation regime based on 100% reference evapotranspiration. Tanzania, BRS Capiaçu and Leucaena presented relatively high dry matter yields of 27.0, 111.3 and 36.2 Mg ha−1, respectively. The buffelgrass–sorghum–pigeonpea intercropping system was more efficient in terms of dry matter production (44.5 Mg ha−1). The economic viability varied greatly between cycles and seasons, with sorghum, BRS Capiaçu and Gliricidia standing out as having a positive benefit–cost ratio during all the cycles evaluated. This study reveals how environmental changes affect the development and yield of forage crops, providing insights for productive and economic sustainability in semi‐arid regions with the use of irrigation.

Construction of energy consumption monitoring system for energy saving equipment in seawater desalination based on whale algorithm

ABSTRACT Seawater desalination has emerged as a pivotal solution to address freshwater scarcity in coastal regions, with China being a prominent adopter of this technology. This paper compares three large-scale seawater desalination projects in China: the Six Heng Water Treatment Plant, the Caofeidian Desalination Project, and the Huaihai Yu Huan Power Plant Desalination Project. Each project employs distinct desalination technologies, including reverse osmosis and dual-membrane processes. We evaluate these systems’ operational parameters, performance indicators, and cost-effectiveness over their operational lifespans. Key considerations include seawater intake, pretreatment processes, reverse osmosis desalination, energy recovery systems, and post-treatment mineralisation. The analysis highlights these desalination plants’ efficiency, sustainability, and economic viability in addressing freshwater demands in their respective regions. Insights from this comparative study contribute to optimising seawater desalination processes, enhancing water resource management, and guiding future infrastructure development efforts in coastal areas.

When agricultural waste are promoted as nutritional sources in rabbit nutrition.

This study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the use of sweet potato vines (SPV) in replacement of alfalfa hay in diets for growing rabbits. For this, data on: performance, composition and color of the meat, digestive enzymes, intestinal morphology and economic viability were analyzed. Fifty New Zealand White rabbits were used, weaned at 35days with a body weight of ± 585g, for 49days. The animals were distributed into one of five dietary groups: 0SPV - control diet; 25SPV, 50SPV, 75SPV and 100SPV - diets with 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% SPV in replacements for alfalfa hay respectively. The data were subjected to normality testing and analysis of variance, and compared using the Tukey test (p < 0.05). The results showed that the inclusion of BBD differed in the initial phase, causing a reduction in consumption, reflecting on the live weight of the animals in the 75SPV and 100SPV treatments. However, in the total experimental period there were no significant changes in daily feed consumption, mass gain and conversion. The SPV caused a decrease in chymotrypsin activity, but did not affect trypsin. However, villus height was lower in 50SPV than in other treatments. No differences were observed in the compositions and color of the muscle. Regarding economic viability, the increasing replacement of SPV linearly reduced costs, reaching 35% in the 100SPV experimental diet. It can be concluded, based on the data studied, that SPV can be used as a replacement for alfalfa hay up to 100% in diets for growing rabbits.

Unlocking landfill biogas potential: a feasibility study on sustainable energy in the UAE

Abstract Landfill biogas (LFB) projects present a promising solution for sustainable energy generation, yet their feasibility in arid climates remains largely unexplored. This study investigates the feasibility of generating biogas from landfill waste in the UAE, focusing on energy generation potential, economic viability, and environmental benefits. The study evaluates landfill biogas production using internal combustion engine and gas turbine technologies across three scenarios with varying methane content (40%, 50%, and 60% by volume). The results indicate that internal combustion engine technology demonstrates greater economic feasibility compared to the gas turbine technology, yielding a net present value of up to $83 million. Additionally, implementing landfill biogas to energy projects has the potential to power between 68,412 and 136,824 households while cutting greenhouse gas emissions by up to 66% compared to existing waste management practices. However, the relatively high levelized cost of energy underscores the need for policy interventions and financial incentives to enhance project viability. By addressing this critical knowledge gap, the study provides a replicable framework for optimizing waste-to-energy (WTE) systems in arid environments and contributes actionable insights to global renewable energy efforts.

Circular Economy and Water Resources Management

Objective: Present the Circular Economy of water as a regenerative system that maintains the value of the water resource in the economy for as long as possible, minimizing losses and the production of waste. Theoretical Framework: The research is based on the concepts of Circular Economy applied to water resources, highlighting the role of efficient and regenerative management in the context of a global problem of water scarcity. Method: A narrative review of the literature was carried out with research in databases such as Science Direct, Capes and Research Gate. Relevant articles on the topics of circular economy and water resources were selected. Results and Discussion: Significant interactions between water systems and all sectors of society were identified, as well as major opportunities to create additional value through the application of Circular Economy principles. The benefits observed include environmental factors such as water protection; social factors such as ensuring the supply of drinking water; and economic factors from strategic decision-making for implementation in the water sector. Research Implications: The adoption of the Circular Economy in water resources provides a viable model to meet the growing demand for water while promoting environmental sustainability, social equity and economic viability. Originality/Value: This study highlights the Circular Economy as an innovative and sustainable solution for water resource management, offering insights on how to apply its principles to maximize value and minimize environmental impacts.

The Role of Environmental Certification in the Hospitality Industry: Assessing Sustainability, Consumer Preferences, and the Economic Impact

Hotel certifications have become increasingly vital in promoting sustainability within the hospitality industry, providing frameworks that guide hotels toward reducing their environmental footprint, enhancing operational efficiency, and gaining a competitive edge in the marketplace. This review explores the development, types, and impact of hotel certifications, with a focus on prominent schemes, such as LEED, Green Key, and EarthCheck. Through an analysis of case studies from globally recognized hotels, we highlight how certifications contribute to significant reductions in energy and water use, improved waste management, and enhanced biodiversity protection, while also delivering economic benefits through cost savings and increased guest loyalty. Our paper also examines consumer perceptions of certifications and their willingness to pay (WTP) for certified hotels. The findings suggest that eco-conscious travelers, particularly younger generations, are willing to pay a premium for hotels that demonstrate a commitment to sustainability; however, consumer awareness of certification schemes remains limited. The barriers to adopting certifications, such as high initial costs, resource limitations, and management resistance, are also discussed, along with the challenges posed by greenwashing and the proliferation of certification schemes. Looking to the future, this review identifies key trends that will shape the evolution of hotel certifications, including increased transparency, the integration of smart technologies, the expanding role of social responsibility, and their alignment with global sustainability goals, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Hotel certifications are not only crucial for environmental sustainability, but also serve as a powerful tool for enhancing the economic viability of hotels in an increasingly competitive and sustainability-driven market.

A Comparative Environmental and Economic Analysis of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Recycling Processes Using Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Costing

The recycling of carbon-fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) presents significant challenges due to their thermosetting matrix, which complicates end-of-life management and often results in energy-intensive disposal or significant waste accumulation. Despite advancements in recycling methods, knowledge gaps remain regarding their sustainability and economic viability. This study undertakes a comprehensive Life Cycle Assessment and Environmental Life Cycle Costing analysis of four key recycling techniques: mechanical recycling, pyrolysis, solvolysis, and high-voltage fragmentation (HVF). By using the SimaPro software, this study identifies mechanical recycling and HVF as the most sustainable options, with the lowest cumulative energy demand (CED) of 5.82 MJ/kg and 4.97 MJ/kg and global warming potential (GWP) of 0.218 kg CO2eq and 0.0796 kg CO2eq, respectively. In contrast, pyrolysis imposes the highest environmental burdens, requiring 66.3 MJ/kg and emitting 2.84 kg CO2eq. Subcritical solvolysis shows more balanced environmental impacts compared to its supercritical counterpart. Cost analysis reveals that for mechanical recycling and pyrolysis, material costs are negligible or zero. In contrast, solvolysis and HVF incur material costs primarily due to the need for deionized water. Regarding energy costs, pyrolysis stands out as the most expensive method due to its high energy demands, followed closely by solvolysis with supercritical water.

Optimizing Thermal Efficiency of Building Envelopes with Sustainable Composite Materials

The growing global energy demand, particularly in India, calls for innovative strategies to improve building energy efficiency. With buildings contributing significantly to energy consumption, especially in cooling-dominated climates, sustainable insulation materials are essential in minimizing energy usage. This study explores the potential of bamboo biochar, fly ash, and lime as sustainable insulation materials for building envelopes. This study also addresses the critical issue of energy efficiency in building construction, specifically focusing on the comparative analysis of three materials for their thermal performance, environmental impact, and economic viability. This research aims to identify the most sustainable material choice by assessing each material’s life cycle energy consumption, thermal resistance, and associated costs. The research methodology involves an extensive review of 125 relevant studies to assess the thermal performance of these materials. U-values were computed from the reported thermal conductivity data and systematically arranged in chronological order to evaluate and compare their insulation effectiveness over time. Additionally, these materials were analyzed under sustainability criteria, incorporating life cycle analysis and a carbon footprint assessment. This study identifies existing research gaps and offers recommendations for future research, creating structure for the development of sustainable insulation system.

Multilevel Analysis Applied in High-Impact Environments: Causes and Effects of Firm and Political Activities During the Pandemic in the Restaurant Sector

The COVID-19 pandemic has meant a serious risk to the economic viability of companies and the sustainability of employment in the restaurant sector, a high-impact activity for the economy and employment in Mexico and Spain. This paper analyzes the causes of the prolonged and intense damage to companies and employees via multilevel analysis techniques and a qualitative, inductive methodology drawing on multiple sources. Research propositions posit that the sectoral structure, management practices, and institutional actions during and after the pandemic are predictors of recovery or continued losses. The balanced result of these three levels of analysis, in a severe crisis situation, such as the global pandemic, reveals that the combination of low institutional protection at the macro level, a hostile industry structure at the meso level, and a focus solely on economic sustainability as the primary business objective resulted in widespread resignation and put survival at risk, particularly for smaller companies and entrepreneurs. Analysis of the firms’ and stakeholders’ actions also shed light on the inter-relations, such as the negative effect of macro general policies on a fragmented, asymmetric meso level. Inter-relations among customers and firms’ behavior gave insights that could increase resilience before general critical events. Finally, the balanced results recommend a simultaneous effort from firms and policy makers to make possible a profound change while addressing the sector’s shortcomings. Firms’ effort in managing key assets, such as human capital, to acquire the capacity for the flexibility, adaptability, and innovation essential for change and renewal, must be endorsed by institutional support and customer recognition of the contributions of this singular service and cultural industry.

Integrating Family Business Values into Cultural Heritage Stewardship at Malacca Heritage World Site, Malaysia

This research investigates the intersection of family business practices and cultural heritage management in Malaysia, a country rich in cultural diversity and history. The study was motivated by the need to understand how family-run businesses contribute to preserving and promoting cultural heritage in Malaysia. Through a comprehensive qualitative approach, researchers examined the business strategies, cultural values, and operational models of family businesses engaged in cultural heritage sectors. The findings revealed a unique blend of traditional values and modern business understanding, highlighting how these businesses play a crucial role in sustaining cultural heritage. Family businesses in Malaysia have developed distinctive approaches to cultural heritage management, blending traditional values with innovative strategies to navigate the challenges of modernisation and globalisation. This has implications for business practices and cultural preservation, offering insights into sustainable cultural heritage management in a rapidly evolving global landscape. The study underscores the importance of family business-based culture in the stewardship of cultural heritage. It argues for greater recognition of these businesses in policy formulation and heritage management strategies. The “take home” message is clear: Malaysia's symbiotic relationship between family businesses and cultural heritage presents a unique model that balances economic viability with cultural preservation, offering valuable lessons for the business world and cultural heritage sectors globally.

Assessing the detection and interaction of Lawsonia intracellularis and porcine circovirus 2 in low and high-performance wean-to-finish pig groups in different porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus detection scenarios.

Effective disease management strategies are essential for achieving optimal pig performance, ensuring high-quality animal health and welfare, and maintaining the economic viability of swine systems. Thus, understanding factors that lead to more or less severe disease are critically important. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Lawsonia intracellularis (L. intracellularis) are endemic pathogens in the U.S., affecting herds with varying degrees of subclinical and clinical disease and impact on performance. While these are common pathogens, their interaction with PRRSV and performance has seldom been investigated. This study investigated the detection dynamics of L. intracellularis, PRRSV, and PCV2, and their association with productivity impacts in wean-to-finish groups within a Midwest U.S. production system. This observational field study involved batches of growing pigs from PRRSV-stable or PRRSV-negative sow farms. Oral fluids were collected longitudinally from weaning until market age, and tested using quantitative PCR for each of the aforementioned pathogens. The study included 36 batches with a total of 46,446 growing pigs, resulting in 4,000 oral fluid samples. Then, batches were categorized based on key performance indicators (mortality and average daily gain), PRRSV detection timing and total genomic copies of each pathogen. Nineteen groups were characterized as high-performance and seventeen as low-performance. Mortality ranged from 5 to 9% in high-performance groups and 10.3-20.9% in low-performance groups. Average daily gain ranged from 0.68-0.86 kg in high-performance groups and 0.63-0.81 kg in low-performance groups. L. intracellularis and PCV2 were detected in most groups, with significant differences in detection rates between high and low-performance groups. Groups with relatively high genomic copies of PCV2 and L. intracellularis that had PRRSV detection presented higher mortality rates (15.75%). This study expanded our understanding of PRRSV, PCV2, and L. intracellularis co-detections and their impact on swine populations.

A Comprehensive Analysis for Global Food Security and Environmental Sustainability Using Edible Insects

This comprehensive analysis examines insects' potential as sustainable food and feed sources, focusing on various scholarly views and empirical studies. Edible insects offer a viable answer to global food security issues because of their high nutritional content, efficient feed conversion rates, and lesser environmental effects when compared to traditional cattle. Nutrient composition investigations show that insects are high in proteins, vitamins, and minerals, making them acceptable for human and animal diets. Consumer acceptability surveys show that western countries are becoming more open to entomophagy, yet cultural hurdles still exist. Life cycle assessments show that insect farming benefits the environment by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and water footprints. Safety assessments confirm the possibility of introducing insects into food systems if strict requirements are followed to reduce microbial hazards. Economic analyses indicate that the sale of insects can improve livelihoods and contribute to sustainable agriculture. Despite the potential benefits, more study is required to solve regulatory, ethical, and consumer perception issues before completely integrating insects into global food systems. Research is needed to establish optimal farming methods, strengthen food safety, understand the health impacts of consumption, explore consumer acceptance, tackle ethical considerations, and investigate economic viability. This review emphasized the necessity for multidisciplinary approaches to promote entomophagy and harness its potential for a sustainable future.

La floricultura como cultivo alternativo: Análisis descriptivo, modelación con inteligencia artificial, análisis de escenarios y análisis económico

Floriculture is a sector of growing global importance, contributing to employment generation, income creation, and the promotion of biodiversity and sustainability. This study aimed to identify the factors influencing the adoption of floriculture as an alternative crop in the province of Leoncio Prado, Peru, and to assess its economic viability. A total of 269 farmers were surveyed, analyzing attitudes, land suitability, and socioeconomic and environmental factors. Influential factors were identified using descriptive analysis, chi-square tests, and logistic regression (p &lt; 0.1). Additionally, multiple machine learning algorithms (Decision Trees, Logistic Regression, KNN, SVM, Ensemble, Neural Networks, Naive Bayes) with cross-validation (k = 5) and AUC metrics were employed to model adoption intentions. Scenarios were developed to increase the willingness to adopt floriculture, and an economic analysis of eight tropical species (Red Ginger, Anthurium, Emperor's Staff, Heliconia, Gardenia, Parrot's Beak, Golden Heliconias, Maracas) was conducted. The results reveal that willingness to change crops, participation in awareness campaigns, allocation of areas for conservation, and cost control are key factors. The neural network model achieved an AUC of 83.3%, and improved scenarios indicate that adoption could increase by up to 11.32%. Red Ginger demonstrated high profitability (NPV S/10428; IRR 51%; PBP 0.7 years). In conclusion, floriculture represents an economically and environmentally viable alternative that contributes to agricultural diversification and sustainability.

A Scenario-Based Simulation Study for Economic Viability and Widespread Impact Analysis of Consumption-Side Energy Storage Systems

This study investigates energy storage within the contexts of production-side and consumption-side energy storage concepts. The theoretical advantages of consumption-side energy storage over production-side systems are initially explored. The analysis is supported by a scenario-based simulation, with results presented to assess the feasibility and applicability of consumption-side energy storage under varying conditions. The simulation examines multiple scenarios, incorporating economic assessments to evaluate the viability of such systems. Additionally, the study explores the broader impact of consumption-side energy storage when adopted by 5 million, 10 million, 20 million, and 40 million residential consumers across separate scenarios. The analysis emphasizes the potential for shifting peak-period energy consumption to nighttime usage and assesses the corresponding reduction in energy generation requirements and transmission line loads, alongside the economic benefits derived from postponing energy infrastructure investments. The study focuses exclusively on residential consumers, with the energy storage systems referred to as residential energy storage systems (RESS). These systems are assumed to be organized and managed by energy provider companies rather than individual consumers. The research also considers the potential costs associated with implementing RESS. The simulation-based findings reveal significant benefits, including reduced reliance on new power plants, decreased risk of transmission line overload, increased utilization of renewable energy resources, financial advantages for both energy providers and consumers, and positive environmental impacts. These results provide valuable insights with implications for shaping future energy policies, particularly in the United States.

Palaces for a New Spain Nobility: Between Creole Identity and Academicism

ABSTRACTMexico City and Havana had a significant number of noble palaces during the eighteenth century. Until now, the dearth of historical documentation on their construction has hampered any approximation, requiring other methodologies. Here, it is intended to establish how a new visual code was defined, consistent both with their local style and international modernity. To this end, a formal analysis has been prepared with statistical tools of both the buildings and the preserved projects, complementing the study with known and unpublished historical documentation. After defining the general context, the analysis of the palace proposals designed by Silvestre Pérez from Madrid for the Count of Buenavista in Havana and for the Marquis del Apartado in Mexico City is addressed. Neither of them were carried out, despite the probable economic viability. This would point to a rejection caused by functional or esthetic issues, which links with the initial analyses. Thus, this study intends not only to offer a more in‐depth overview of the phenomenon but also to reach conclusions that can be extrapolated to other periods.

Bioactive Sulfonamides Derived from Amino Acids: Their Synthesis and Pharmacological Activities.

Currently, the synthesis of bioactive sulfonamides using amino acid as a starting reagent has become an area of research interest in organic chemistry. Over the years, an amine-sulfonyl chloride reaction has been adopted as a common step in traditional sulfonamide synthetic methods. However, recent developments have shown amino acids to be better precursors than amines in the synthesis of sulfonamides. Although amines and amino acids have some structural similarities, using amino acids rather than amines in the synthesis of sulfonamides minimizes several drawbacks. Comparatively, amino acids are preferred to amines as starting reagents in sulfonamide synthesis due to their biological relevance, chirality, stereochemistry, diversity of side chains, orthogonality in functional group manipulation, the potential for peptide and protein synthesis, mild reaction conditions, alignment with green chemistry principles, diverse synthetic applications, easy availability, and economic viability. Amino acids, having the aforementioned properties, offer a versatile platform for the synthesis of sulfonamides with tailored structures. The reaction mechanism of the synthesis of amino acid-derived sulfonamides involves a nucleophilic attack by the amino group on the activated sulfonyl species to produce a sulfonamide functional group. Amino acid-based sulfonamides have numerous pharmacological activities, including antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-plasmodial, antimalarial, anti-trypanosomal, and insect growth regulatory properties. This review discusses several synthetic processes, emphasizing established ways, cutting- edge techniques, and novel approaches that emphasize the significance of amino acids in the synthesis of sulfonamides. The structure-activity relationship of amino acid-derived sulfonamides and their pharmacological activities are also highlighted.

Influence of Seed Priming, Plant Geometry and Conjunctive Use of Fertilizers, FYM and Vermicompost on Productivity and Economics of Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.)

Background: Nutrients requirement of crops can easily be met by the application various fertilizers alone but in long run their continuous use deteriorate soil health and may retard the productivity of crops also. Further cost escalation and timely availability of fertilizers and other inputs lead to uneconomic production. Integrated nutrient management (INM) practices including reduced levels of fertilizers with locally available organic sources of plant nutrients, low cost and no cost inputs may be answer to the problems. Very meagre work has been done in past on different aspects on green gram crop. Present study aimed at evaluating and quantify the performance of summer green gram (Vigna radiata L.) crop as affected by seed hydropriming, plant geometry and nutrient applications through fertilizers, FYM, vermicompost and their combinations for maximizing the productivity and economic viability. Methods: The low cost seed hydropriming, no cost treatments of 2 plant geometries of (i) G1 (30´10 cm) and (ii) G2 (30´20 cm) and 5 treatments of integrated nutrient management (INM) practices (N) viz; (i) N1 (20+40+20 kg NPK/ha (RDF), (ii) N2 (100% RDF equivalent FYM), (iii) N3(100% RDF equivalent vermicompost) (iv) N4(50% RDF from fertilizer+50% RDF equivalent FYM) and (v) N5 (50% RDF from fertilizer+50% RDF equivalent vermicompost) were evaluated in field experiments using split-split plot design having 3 replications. Result: The main conclusion is that practices of seed hydropriming and planting geometry of 30´10 cm proved superior for realizing maximum productivity and profitability. Integrated application of fertilizer equivalent to 50% of recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) coupled with 50% nutrients through organic sources like farmyard manure and or vermicompost (treatments N4 and N5) proved most effective over organic sources alone (FYM and vermicompost through treatments N2 and N3) and 100% RDF through fertilizers (N1) for summer green gram cultivation on sustainable basis. The results of the present work will be useful for majority of farmers particularly pulse crops growers to bridge the gap between present level of productivity and potentially realizable productivity of moong bean crop on cost effective and sustainable basis.

Impact of Feeding Frequency on Growth Performance and Antioxidant Capacity of Litopenaeus vannamei in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems.

Feeding frequency is crucial for the growth and development of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) at various life stages. Although higher feeding frequencies can enhance growth, manual feeding methods significantly increase labor costs. Automatic feeding systems offer a cost-effective and efficient alternative, yet their application in intensive shrimp culture remains under-researched. This study evaluates different feeding frequencies for L. vannamei in intensive aquaculture tanks, focusing on growth performance, survivability, feed utilization, digestive and antioxidant capacities, and economic viability. Juvenile shrimp (3.85 ± 0.3 g) were cultured for 63 days with feeding frequencies of 6, 8, 10, and 12 times/day (A6, A8, A10, and A12 groups, respectively) using automatic feeders, with a control group fed manually 6 times/day (M6). Results indicated that automatic feeding significantly improved final body weight, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio compared to manual feeding. Among automatic feeding groups, A6 and A8 showed optimal performance, with a quadratic regression identifying 7.83 times/day as the optimal frequency. While digestive enzyme activity remained consistent across groups, A6 and A8 demonstrated significantly higher antioxidant enzyme levels (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)) and lower lipid peroxidation (MDA), suggesting superior digestive and antioxidant capacities. Pearson's correlation confirmed a positive relationship between SOD and GPx. Economically, the A8 group achieved the highest profitability. Consequently, a feeding frequency of 6-8 times/day using automatic feeders is recommended as an optimal and feasible strategy for intensive white shrimp culture in this life stage.

Evaluation of Technical Aspects of Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Power Installations on Farmland

This research evaluates the technical and economic aspects of solar photovoltaic (PV) power installations on farmland, utilizing a simulation model in MATLAB to forecast annual system output based on nominal power and meteorological data. This study compares various configurations, including single-sided versus double-sided modules and fixed versus tracker structures, to determine their efficiency, losses, and economic viability. The findings indicate that, while theoretically superior technologies may offer better production rates, their economic feasibility varies significantly depending on specific project conditions. The main conclusions drawn from this research emphasize that land-based PV systems present a promising solution for sustainable energy generation. By addressing challenges such as solar energy intermittency and the need for supportive infrastructure, this study highlights the potential for these systems to significantly contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing energy resilience. This analysis underscores the importance of optimizing configurations to maximize both technical performance and economic returns, ultimately supporting a transition towards a more sustainable energy future.