Economic Priorities Research Articles

The transition to nuclear energy in Bangladesh: The interplay between climate-related urgency and geopolitical factors

One of the significant issues in contemporary international politics is to examine the contexts of energy usage of different countries, keeping in mind the looming climate threat. Energy transition not only highlights the central role of energy usage but also exposes the vulnerability caused by it. Given the context, Bangladesh has adopted nuclear technology to meet its economic demand and environmental requirements. As a middle-income country, eyeing to graduate to a developing nation by 2041, its choice of exploring nuclear energy has exposed the country to the question of the rationality of the decision. Nuclear energy has a distinguished history that accommodates several debates about its safety and sustainability. Though many developed countries are planning for a nuclear phase-out, Bangladesh’s decision merits attention and explanation to embrace such a stand. Often, the economic priorities have been attached to Bangladesh’s decision for the energy transition, while the discussion about nuclear energy in Bangladesh ignores the geopolitical purposes and international political agenda. This paper, therefore, aims to explore the internal and external climate-related urgency, and geopolitical concerns responsible for such a transition, which have remained unexplored in the existing literature.

Analysis and Simulation of the Spatiotemporal Evolution of Habitat Quality and Carbon Storage in the Weibei Dry Plateau Region of Shaanxi

Exploring the spatial and temporal pattern evolution of habitat quality and carbon storage has a positive feedback effect on establishing an ecological security barrier and optimizing the spatial pattern of national land in the WeiBei Arid Plateau Region of Shaanxi. This study took the Weibei Plateau Region as a case study, simulated the spatial pattern of land use for different development scenarios of 2035 based on the PLUS model, and used the InVEST model to analyze the characteristics of habitat quality and carbon storage distribution in the study area from 1980 to 2020 and under multi-scenarios in the future. The results showed that:①the area of the low-grade habitat quality area in the study area expanded by 462.55 km2, and the carbon stock decreased by 7.85×106 t over the past 40 years, both of which showed an overall decreasing trend yearly. ②During the study period, the degraded habitat quality areas were concentrated in the northeastern part of the study area within Yan'an City, and the upgraded areas were distributed in strips near water sources or at higher elevations. The high carbon stock areas were concentrated in the complex terrain and sparsely populated areas in the study area, and the decreasing carbon stocked areas were scattered throughout the study area in a dotted pattern without obvious aggregation. ③In 2035, carbon stock decreased to different degrees in all states except for the natural development scenario. In the economic priority development scenario, the habitat quality low grade area covered 20787.41 km2, which was the simulated scenario of the fastest growth rate of low-grade area and the largest reduction of high-grade area compared with the early stage of the simulation. The results of this study can provide decision references and data support for low carbon green development and ecological restoration in the study area.

İstanbul's Mega Projects Under Ecological Scrutiny: A Critical Assessment

The increasing interdependence between cities and economies has led to a rise in mega projects, which are large-scale investment projects aimed at meeting economic and political demands. While they are planned for economic development, they have significant negative impacts on nature, cities, and people. İstanbul is one of the largest metropolitan areas in the world and has become a popular location for planning mega projects. The 3rd bridge, 3rd airport, and Canal İstanbul are three mega projects developed by the government for urban development and social welfare. The purpose of the article is to reveal the ecological and spatial effects of mega projects in İstanbul. In order to achieve this aim, an analytical assessment method is applied using positive, neutral, and negative correlations for the selected mega projects in İstanbul. The inputs required for the analytical assessment method have identified in accordance with the fundamental principles of the eco-smart planning approach, which is established on the basis of ecological planning and smart city index. The outputs of the study suggest that ecological, social, and spatial impacts must be taken into account in the planning and implementation of mega projects. The study highlights that projects driven solely by economic priorities tend to result in negative urban, environmental, and social consequences in İstanbul.

Towards Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals: Identifying Economic and Investment Priorities in Barangay Pili, Mogpog

Towards Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals: Identifying Economic and Investment Priorities in Barangay Pili, Mogpog

Structural succession of land resources under the influence of different policies: A case study for Shanxi Province, China

The increased focus on land resources is a result of global climate change. For human life and progress, land resources provide a key foundation. Using land resources under sensible regulations can enable sustainable development in order to better adapt to climate change. In this study, we used the Malmquist index to compute the outcomes and spatial distribution of land use efficiency in Shanxi Province during 2006–2019. According to the findings, ecologically vulnerable areas have less efficient land use than areas with rapid economic growth. Therefore, to more effectively resolve the tensions between economic development and ecological conservation and to provide scientific guidance to decision makers, we need to model future land use in Shanxi Province driven by socio-economic systems. To predict future land use demand and its spatial distribution under the influence of socio-economic and government policies, this study combines the Computable General Equilibrium of Land Use Change (CGELUC) model and Dynamics of Land System (DLS) model. Under the green development scenario, the reduction rates of forest land and grassland are 2.09 % and 1.65 %, respectively, which is the slowest reduction of ecological land among the three scenarios. Development of ecological land such as forests and grasslands are severely prohibited by government regulations. The lowest carbon sequestration reduction rate of 1.62 % is registered in Shanxi Province under the green development scenario. Construction land increases more quickly under the economic priority development scenario, with a growth rate of 33.02 %. Ecological land, including grasslands and forests, is declining. Under the scenario of economic development priority, the ecological land in Shanxi Province will inevitably be sacrificed. Therefore, the government should strive to actively overcome barriers to the development of land resources for ecological protection as this is a key region for that purpose.

FOREIGN ECONOMIC STRATEGIC PRIORITIES OF UKRAINE

The paper is devoted to the analysis of modern foreign economic strategic priorities of Ukraine, features of their implementation in the context of the key purposes of economic development of the country. Emphasis is placed on the need to use modern tools to support domestic producers and limit import expansion in the context of the formation of a new export strategy of Ukraine. Ukraine is a small open economy that makes extensive use of external factors of economic development both in the context of markets for its products, especially the agricultural sector, and attracting important resources of critical imports, including oil and natural gas, electronic equipment and more. From this point of view, the analysis has revealed the role and importance of two key players in the world market – the United States and China – in ensuring Ukraine’s external economic balance. The paper empirically examines the dependence of certain macroeconomic indicators of Ukraine on similar indicators of the United States and China (the so-called ‘large’ and systemically important economies for Ukraine). Vector autoregression models were used as a research tool to explore the dynamic interdependencies between macroeconomic indicators in the case of explaining their present values by the previous ones. For this purpose, percentage changes in gross domestic product and consumer price index compared to the corresponding period of the previous year for the USA, China and Ukraine were selected. As a result of the research, impulse-response functions from ‘large’ economies showed the dependence of indicators that characterise economic development in Ukraine from them and their long-term absorption, both in the context of economic growth in these countries and inflation imports from abroad. Moreover, it should be noted that the influence of China is more significant than that of the United States, especially if we consider the impact of fluctuations in the consumer price index in China on economic growth and inflation in Ukraine. This necessitates further research on this issue in line with the formation of scientifically sound foreign economic strategy and policy of Ukraine. The impact of economic growth in the United States and China on Ukraine’s GDP fluctuations is positive and almost the same (peaking in the second quarter and gradual levelling over two years). In turn, the variance decomposition of forecast errors for Ukraine’s GDP shows that in the long run about 52% of its variability result from modelled external factors, which in our opinion is due to significant openness of Ukraine’s economy and, consequently, ‘large’ economies. Finally, paper emphasizes the need to assess their international economic policy to minimize risks in the implementation of the country’s foreign economic strategy.

Economic Efficiency and Priorities of Public Administration Regulation: the Case of Kazakhstan

Economic Efficiency and Priorities of Public Administration Regulation: the Case of Kazakhstan

More than Gold: Embodying the Human Cost of Mining in Maroon Popular Music

Abstract Maroons (descendants of Africans who escaped enslavement) have long been locked in an antagonistic relationship with the Surinamese government over gold-mining legislation and its reinforcement. This contentious topic includes complex debates over land rights and conflicting economic and environmental priorities. This article considers how three contemporary Maroon popular musicians have gone beyond stock metaphors about gold to reference local engagements with gold and the gold-mining industry. I introduce the concept, performative figuring, as a strategy whereby a speaker or performer uses their embodied presence to assert their rights and/or self-worth against practices and policies that threaten to undermine them.

From Gerontocracy to Gerontonomia: The Politics of Economic Stagnation in Ageing Democracies

AbstractOne in five people in the EU and nearly one in ten in the world are now aged 65 and over. This demographic transformation is one of the great successes of the twentieth century and has profoundly altered the composition of electorates in many democracies. This article explores whether and how this population ageing reshapes the relationship between democracy and capitalism. I argue that ageing changes the economic and policy priorities of a growing share of democracies’ electorates in ways that incentivise elected governments to prioritise certain social policies and economic outcomes, such as pensions and low inflation, at the expense of others, most notably greater social investments and pursuing economic growth. As a result, gerontocracies increasingly lead to what I call a ‘gerontonomia’ characterised by democratically sustained economic stagnation.

Where is the Euro Area headed? Restoration of price stability

After the two recent global shocks of the COVID-19 Pandemic of 2019–2021 and the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, the 2023–24 economic priority for the Euro Area is the fight against inflation in the midst of global economic and financial uncertainties. We focus on Euro Area inflation, analyze its diagnostics, examine inflation expectations, review theories of inflation and evaluate monetary and fiscal policies prompted because of COVID-19. Then we explore policies of the European Central Bank to fight inflation and conclude that restoration of price stability in the Euro Area will remain its central focus during 2023 and 2024.

دراسة مقارنة لمستويات الهيدروكربونات النفطية الكلية في محافظة البصرة / العراق

As the document of national strategy for Iraqi environment protection from(2013-2017) shows that the environmental awareness concepts is new in the Iraqi society and so limited due to the economic and security priorities under the current conditions, especially aqua environmental awareness side, for verifying this important variable an investigation was carried out to measure the amount of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon for six water channels in Basrah, which polluted from different sources, these are Al Garmah River, Shatt Al Arab(Corniesh street location), (Abu Floos, Khor Al Zubair, Umm Qasr, and Al Fao ) Ports. The highest concentration of TPH was found inUmm Qasr Port, 22.10 µg/L and the lowest concentration of TPH was found in Al Garmah River, 5.35 µg/L.

ASSESSMENT OF THE FINANCIAL POTENTIAL OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY ENTERPRISES IN THE CONTEXT OF STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT

Established the role and significance of the financial condition assessment in the strategic context of the enterprise’s development. Determined the nature of the occurrence is determined and the characteristics of the connection and interdependence of the strategic financial analysis and the strategy formation for the enterprise financial potential development determined. Summarized provisions on determining the content of the company’s financial strategy. Defined the main approaches to establishing the financial strategy essence are: the functional-management approach (the planned sequence of actions, i.e., the implementation of the function regarding the accumulation, distribution, use and reproduction of financial resources); the capital approach (proceeds from the imperative nature recognition of the economic entity market value priority in the strategic development of goal systems; assumes a corresponding increase in the financial strategy importance relative to other functional and operational strategies); behavioral approach (based on the assignment to the scope of the financial strategy implementation, first of all, of the principle guidelines for the enterprise’s financial relations implementation with other participants in the market interaction). Summarized the financial strategy characteristic properties composition in the mechanism of formation and implementation of other elements strategic set is: a long time of implementation orientation; purposefulness, which determines the orientation and subordination of a financial goals set to the company’s fulfilling imperative plans; the financial goals inclusion in the strategic development implementation mechanism priorities; the functional combination optimality and cost parameters implementation of strategic plan individual elements. Proposed a methodical approach to assessing the enterprise financial potential in the tourism industry and the hospitality field. The financial potential components of the enterprise assessment in the tourism industry and the field of hospitality have been established: the parameters of the enterprise’s financial condition; strategic competences in the field of financial management; weighted cost of raising capital.

Towards sustainable and resilient ASEAN-Korea economic integration 2.0

Korea and ASEAN are currently seeing a golden age in their partnership; their trade and investment relations are strengthening rapidly, and ASEAN has become a key player in Korea's diplomacy. However, there are a number of challenges in this relationship, such as Korea's high level of reliance on a single ASEAN member (Vietnam), Korean businesses’ relatively short history in ASEAN, and inconsistencies and ambiguities in Korea's diplomatic approach towards ASEAN. In order to overcome these issues, Korean entities could consider seeking local partners in ASEAN, spotting economic and societal priorities in national and ASEAN development strategies, and taking advantage of ASEAN's intra-regional integration. There are two areas, namely Indonesia's electric vehicle value chain and smart city construction, in which Korea's public and private entities are attempting to gain a foothold by adopting these strategies.

Does ridesourcing respond to unplanned rail disruptions? A natural experiment analysis of mobility resilience and disparity

Urban rail transit networks provide critical access to opportunities and livelihood in many urban systems. Ensuring that these services are resilient (that is, exhibiting efficient responses to and recovery from disruptions) is a key economic and social priority. Increasingly, the ability of urban rail systems to cope with disruptions is a function of a complex patchwork of mobility options, wherein alternative modes can complement and fill occurring service gaps. This study analyzes the role of ridesourcing in providing adaptive mobility capacity that could be leveraged to fill no-notice gaps in rail transit services, addressing the question of distributional impacts of resilience. Using a natural experiment, we systematically identify 28 major transit disruptions over the period of one year in Chicago and match them, both temporally and spatially, with ridesourcing trip data. Using multilevel mixed modeling, we quantify variation in the adaptive use of on-demand mobility across the racially and economically diverse city of Chicago. Our findings show that the gap-filling potential of adaptive ridesourcing during rail transit disruptions is significantly influenced by the station-, community-, and district-level factors. Specifically, greater shifts to ridesourcing occur during weekdays, nonholidays, and more severe disruptions, in community areas that have higher percentages of white residents and transit commuters, and in the more affluent North district of the city. These findings suggest that while ridesourcing appears to provide adaptive capacity during rail disruptions, its benefits do not appear to be equitable for lower-income communities of color that already experience limited mobility options. Research implications for mobility operator collaborations to support mobility as a service are discussed. This study builds a more comprehensive understanding of transit service resilience, variation in vulnerability, and the complementarity of ridesourcing to existing transport networks during disruptions.

Discourses on gender in climate change adaptation projects of Bangladesh

Abstract The study examines why certain discourses on gender are more powerful than others in describing intentions for gender inclusion in development projects. A critical discourse analysis was carried out on texts of climate change adaptation projects implemented during 2009–2020 in rural Bangladesh. This article argues that gender is currently not considered enough in climate action and that gender discourses focus primarily on ‘women’s participation, more precisely, ‘women’s presence in poverty reduction and empowerment projects. The discourses reinscribe to the long-established economic priorities of development rather than exploring new dimensions to challenge social norms that define perpetual gender inequalities. This study suggests that greater attention is required to address the gender realities of non-binary categories, ethnic groups, non-poor social classes, and religious minorities to effectively plan and implement adaptation projects to support the diverse needs of vulnerable people.

OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES IN MODELING AN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The business ecosystem provides full integration of economic and environmental objectives. Every company, including those from the Bulgarian mining industry, implements specific actions, mechanisms, innovations for environmental management. The aim of the present study is to analyse the relationship between the economic and non-economic priorities of enterprises of the mining industry, especially now in the context of solving the global problem of transformation towards sustainable development. The following research tasks have to be settled for reaching the above-mentioned goal: 1. to analyze the influence of modern technologies, the remote control of machines underground, including remote control and self-learning drones in underground mines on the optimization and improvement of work processes and the protection of a cleaner environment; 2. to focus on some relevant aspects of green transformation of the mining industry, incl. in the development of environmental, social and new management models as a factor for successful business; 3. to research the impact of the initiated cycle of interest rate tightening on the implementation of the planned activities for environmental management of the mining industry. In the course of the study shall be justified the thesis that the future of the mining industry in Bulgaria is digital, green and sustainable. The methodology of structured interview was used. The sample was formed by the method of random non-recurrent selection. For the purposes of the research, we have carried out analysis of the whole assessment of the favourable opportunities and potential risks, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of the new model for an environmental management system. The results of the research are expressed in establishing the trend for digitalization and innovation, tracking the importance of environmental management and protection.

Reorientation of the economic priorities of reengineering to the digital formalization of the operating space of the construction enterprise

This work describes important transformations in the modern construction sector, associated with the reorientation of economic priorities through the use of reengineering and digital formalization of the operational space of a construction enterprise. Key aspects of this process are considered, such as the implementation of digital technologies, optimization of business processes and the use of innovative strategies to improve the efficiency of production operations. The work also examines the impact of these changes on the competitiveness of construction enterprises and emphasizes the need to adapt to new market requirements through the introduction of modern information technologies and optimization of management practices. This work serves as a basis for further research in the field of strategic management and digital transformation in the construction industry. In the implementation of digital technologies, which is based on data obtained automatically from IoT devices and sensors at the time of their collection. These devices and sensors are connected to machines, platforms and equipment, which allows the creation of information and mathematical models and methods. It also allows for the implementation of increasingly autonomous production and business processes that do not require constant human intervention and have the ability to self-optimize.
 The formalized nature of the methodology, as well as versatile analysis, including the reasoned reasoning of specialists and managers, contribute to increasing the validity of the decisions made regarding the reengineering of business processes. This is important so that the changes developed in the processes are the most effective and meet the strategic goals of the enterprise.
 The work describes the mathematical modeling of the processes that are the basis of digitalization of construction, which flow within the project. These models help optimize jobs based on various parameters such as cost, timing, business sustainability and environmental impact, as well as other characteristics defined by high-quality data (such as timeliness, relevance, accuracy and completeness).

Globalization challenges of strategic management of the export potential of aviation complex enterprises

In the article, it is determined that the policy of forming the strategy of enterprises to go abroad is an important form of strategic management of the development of the economy, which is aimed at long-term growth of efficiency with the minimization of risks during the optimal use of potential and existing resource limitations. The necessary steps to achieve the harmonization of cooperation between Ukraine and the EU and NATO, the development of the export potential of the enterprises of the aviation complex, the main areas of activity and the ways of their implementation are proposed. European integration is the main and constant foreign economic priority of Ukraine, the implementation of which will allow to improve the conditions for the export of Ukrainian goods in order to present them on the international arena. To solve the above-mentioned problems, it is proposed to implement measures that will increase the competitiveness of the national economy.

Net Zero Emissions for Our Future Generations through Renewables: A Brief Review

Energy is the core of human civilization's development and progress. Global population increase and fast industrialization have led to the imbalanced exploitation of fossil fuels without taking into account their environmental effects. The continuous combustion of fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes has resulted in deterioration of climate. Harmful Greenhouse Gases (GHG) traps the heat leading to an overall rise of earth’s temperature, change in precipitation, and weather events. Climate change poses risk to economies, human societies, and the natural environment. A well-defined urgent measure including the policy changes are needed to be adopted to mitigate its effects. To address this issue, 196 countries agreed to sign the Paris Agreement in 2015, which aims to limit the global reduction in GHG emissions to limit the warming to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels. However unique challenges posed by COVID-19 pandemic and slow action of countries is hindering the goals to allow maximum temperature to rise of 1.5 °C by this century (i.e., year 2100). The threat of climate change is real and there is growing recognition among international communities. However, the level of commitment varies across nations and is influenced by a number of variables, including domestic conditions, economic priorities, and political will. Providing accessible and clean energy is a challenge for governments which can be addressed by prioritizing renewable energy investments. Affordable clean energy is crucial for upholding fundamental human rights such as a healthy environment, suitable housing, and access to information. The paper discusses the challenges posed by climate change, role of renewable energy and technological advancements, and necessary actions that are necessary to accomplish the objectives of NZE for our future generations.

Spatiotemporal pattern and multi-scenario simulation of ecological risk in mountainous cities: a case study in Chongqing, China.

Scientific descriptions and simulations of the ecological risks in mountainous areas can promote the sustainable use of land resources in these areas and improve the reliability of decision-making for ecological risk management. Taking Chongqing, China, as an example, we constructed a landscape ecological risk (LER) evaluation model based on land use data from 1995 to 2020 and analysed the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of the LER pattern. Moreover, we coupled the patch-generating land use simulation (PLUS) model and multi-objective programming (MOP) method and input multiple scenarios (inertial development, ID; economic priority development, ED; ecological priority development, PD; and sustainable development, SD) to simulate the ecological risk pattern in 2030. The model coupling the "top-down" and "bottom-up" processes obtained optimal land use patterns in different contexts, and it was used to perform a spatially explicit examination of LER evolutionary trends in different contexts. The results showed that LER evolution in Chongqing has had obvious stage characteristics. The high-risk area decreased significantly under various constraints, including topographic, economic, and other constraints, and the distribution showed a trend of high in the west and low in the east. The LER spatial clustering characteristics were highly coupled with the risk level pattern. The ED scenario presented the most severe risk, the PD scenario presented a moderate risk, and the SD scenario balanced the land demand for economic and ecological development and had a better land use structure and LER compared with the other scenarios. The coupled model proposed in this study helps to obtain the optimal land use structure and mitigate ecological risks, thus providing a scientific basis for future urban development.