Economic Transformation In Ukraine Research Articles

ФОРМУВАННЯ ЄВРОІНТЕГРАЦІЙНОЇ МАКРОЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ МОДЕЛІ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ РОСІЙСЬКОЇ ВОЄННОЇ АГРЕСІЇ

This article demonstrates the feasibility of transformational reforms towards Ukraine's accession to the European Union in the context of Russian military aggression. These processes should be based on the realization that there are objective problems and contradictions not only in Ukraine but also in the EU countries are investigated. The EU officially recognizes the systemic crisis of the union and the inevitability of its reforms. The main purpose of the article is to develop theoretical and methodological provisions and recommendations for political and economic transformations in Ukraine in the context of Russia's military aggression and its post-war recovery. Based on the analysis of recent research and publications by well-known economists, the current state of the Ukrainian economy in the context of war, the main directions of political and economic reform of society are examined by the authors. The results thus obtained are compatible with are consistent with certain economic and legal factors that stimulate or constrain the potential of a future agreement on Ukraine's accession to the European Union and Ukraine's access to EU financial instruments aimed at supporting and developing candidate countries. The directions and instruments of assistance to our country that will make Ukraine an attractive place for investment and access to loans and grants from the EU member states are analyzed in the paper. Special attention is paid to the post-war recovery of Ukraine in the context of the international political and economic situation. It has been found that special attention is paid to the realization of the benefits of the candidate status. This step will launch the official procedure of Ukraine's accession to the European Union and reforms in all areas. The positive reforms that have been launched in previous years must be continued. It is concluded that the prospects for further research in this area may include an analysis of the problems associated with reforming the Ukrainian economy towards EU accession, as well as the transformation of Ukraine in the context of Russia's military aggression. Reforms in our country should be coordinated with the changes taking place in the European Union.

The Impact of Budget Revenues on the Macroeconomic Stability in Ukraine

The macroeconomic stability is an important factor in social relations that can occur within the domestic borders. Economic transformations in Ukraine and further development of market-based relations in the volatile business environment require continuous monitoring of macroeconomic dimensions of the economic mechanism at country and regional level. The article’s objective is to present the results of analysis of the public budget revenues and their impact of the macroeconomic stability in Ukraine. 
 The contribution of the public budget as a whole and its revenues in particular to the socio-economic development of a country is highlighted. The essence of the notion “macroeconomic stability” and the nature of the public budget effect for the macroeconomic stability is elaborated on. A detailed analysis of the dynamics of main macroeconomic indicators of Ukraine (public budget revenues, gross domestic product, the structure of economically active population in the working age, unemployment, public debt and publicly guaranteed debt, etc.) over the last decade in made. The analysis of selected macroeconomic indicators shows that Ukraine is a country with macroeconomic instability and low rate of economic recovery. The macroeconomic instability of Ukraine is caused, first and foremost, by the deficit of payment balance and foreign trade, the unfavorable business environment that has adverse effect for the investment attractiveness. The main factors for the economic crisis in Ukraine are ineffective structural reforms, the large shadow segment in the economy, unfair terms of competition, lack of access to the international lending market. Internal risks for the economic development of Ukraine are highlighted.

ЕКОНОМІЧНІ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОЇ АГРЕСІЇ РОСІЇ

The relevance of the topic of scientific research is due to the need for an in-depth analysis of Ukraine's economic transformations in the context of Russia's military aggression for the possibility of accelerated integration into the EU structures.The purpose of the scientific article is to develop theoretical, methodological provisions and practical recommendations for political economic transformations in Ukraine in the conditions of Russia's military aggression.  The article uses the method of a systematic approach in analyzing the main directions of transformation of the Ukrainian economy during the war and after its completion, as well as methods of analysis and comparison in the isolation of certain economic and legal factors that stimulate or restrain the potential of the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement.The article highlights the main political and economic reforms that need to be implemented in Ukraine for the implementation of European integration. Particular attention is paid to the need and possibility of granting Ukraine the status of a candidate for the European Union. All ongoing political and economic reforms in Ukraine must be coordinated with the changes taking place in the EU. Deepening the market transformation of the Ukrainian economy requires the approval of the regulatory framework, the completion of the process of forming an effective market infrastructure in thecountry, and the training of personnel capable of working in the new conditions. It is also important in this regard to strengthen the institution of private property, protect national capital, stimulate entrepreneurship and small businesses.The article analyzes the current political economic problems of the national economy in the conditions of Russian military aggression. The authors of the article consider the main directions of reforming the Ukrainian economy in the context of the implementation of the European integration course of Ukraine.The article identifies certain economic and legal factors that stimulate or hinder the potential of a future agreement on Ukraine's accession to the EU. Ukraine must solve all the tasks of economic transformation in the conditions of unsustainable development of the national economy caused by the Russian-Ukrainian war.

Some reflections on improving the provisions of the code of Ukraine on administrative offenses in terms of increasing liability for violation of legislation in the field of protecting natural ecosystems from fires

The article presents an analysis of the current state of the current administrative legislation of Ukraine, which regulates relations in the field of environmental protection and rational nature management in the state. The author has analyzed the provisions of the draft Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses in relation to increasing liability for violation of legislation in the field of protecting natural ecosystems from fires” and a number of other bills. Their development and adoption is an important step towards bringing the current national legislation in line with European standards and norms, as well as further development of social and economic transformations in Ukraine in the environmental sphere.
 Also in this article the author indicates the feasibility of amending the Code of Administrative Offenses of Ukraine and other legislative acts in terms of strengthening administrative responsibility for violating fire safety rules, protecting the environment, preventing fires in natural ecosystems in the country. With regard to improving the efficiency of management of the sphere of protecting natural ecosystems from fires, the author points out the need to provide additional powers to the bodies of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine for the implementation of state control and supervision over the state of fire safety at forestry facilities. In this aspect, it is timely to develop and adopt a separate legislative act to secure the rights and obligations of the relevant officials to exercise such state control and determine the procedure for its organization. In addressing the issue of protecting natural ecosystems from fires, it is proposed to pay attention to the need to ensure strict adherence to the principle of inevitability of administrative responsibility for violation of legislation on environmental protection, eliminating the imbalance between the actual amount of damage caused to the environment and the amount of sanctions; an increase in the size of fines for setting fires in natural ecosystems, including for unauthorized burning of stubble on agricultural land (fields) by their owners.

УКРАЇНА В УМОВАХ ПОЛІТЕКОНОМІЧНИХ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЙ

The prospects for Ukraine's European integration require in-depth analysis and comparison of the legislative, economic, social and other dimensions of our country with the EU partners, as well as an assessment of their compliance with European integration principles. An objective analysis of compliance is equally relevant for both Ukraine and the European Community. The aim of the study is to develop theoretical, methodological provisions and practical recommendations for carrying out political and economic transformations in Ukraine, which will contribute to the integration of our country into the European Union. The scientific article provides a functional analysis of the main elements of macroeconomic policy, without the solution of which it is impossible to carry out effective economic reforms and the transformation of Ukraine into the EU structures, as well as methods of analysis and comparison are used while identifying certain economic and legal factors that stimulate or restrain the potential of the Association Agreement Ukraine - EU. To build an effective market economy in Ukraine, develop a business that really works, and in the interests of the welfare of citizens, it is necessary to reform AMKA and antimonopoly legislation. In March 2021, the Government of Ukraine approved the National Economic Strategy-2030. Several directions of this strategy began to be implemented. From July 1, 2021, the land market should fully start working in Ukraine. This, in turn, will contribute to the development of small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises. The transformation of Ukrainian society into "civilized" European and world structures also presupposes reforming the ecological situation in Ukraine. Work continues on one of the most important problems for the Ukrainian economy – the ACAA agreement ("industrial visa-free"). A comprehensive solution to these problems will contribute to the practical solution of the tasks of Ukraine's European integration policy. The article analyzes modern political and economic problems and development prospects of our country during the transformation period. The authors of the article consider the main directions of reforming the Ukrainian economy in the context of the implementation of Ukraine's European integration course. All political and economic reforms, which are carried out in Ukraine, are guilty of being coordinated with changes, which are being introduced in the EU. The perishing of the market transformation of the Ukrainian economy requires the approval of a regulatory framework, the completion of the process of forming an effective market infrastructure in the country, training of personnel, building workers in new minds. We are also important in the whole plan for the establishment of the Institute of Private Power, for the protection of the national capital, for the stimulation of education, for small business.

SERHIY MIZETSKYI’S, THE RURAL PRIEST-INTELLECTUAL, REFLECTIONS ON THE SOCIO-POLITICAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE SOVIET UKRAINE DURING IN THE 1920-IES.

The aim of the research is to elucidate the reflections of the parish priest Mizetskyi Serhiy Andriyovych, who lived in the countryside of Katerynoslav, according to the social and political transformations in Ukraine during the 1920-ies, based on the analysis of his epistolary heritage. The research methodology is based on the methodological techniques of the priest’s external and internal letters’ criticism; the biographical method has been applied in order to study the life path and determine the influence of events in his life on the reflections’ formulation; the comparative and historical method has been used for the comparison of the clergyman’s assessments presented in the letters with the scientific interpretations of the social and political transformations during the 1920-ies; the combination of macro- and microhistorical approaches for the priest’s assessments of the clergy place reconstruction in the Soviet society. The scientific novelty of the article is to reproduce the reflections of priest S. Mizetskyi on the social and political transformations in the Soviet Ukraine during the post-revolutionary decade, based on the analysis of the priest’s private correspondence first introduced into the scientific circulation. S. Mizetskyi’s assessments of the clergy place in the Soviet society have been characterized, and his strategies for survival have been outlined. The Conclusions. The coverage of the priest’s reflections on the socio-political and economic transformations in Ukraine during the 1920-ies suggests that centuries-old cultural and ideological stereotypes of the clergy collided with the Soviet experiments. The people with high social status faced with the new challenges became part of the world of “non-labor elements”, were deprived of the right to vote. As a result, those changes happened quite rapid for the priest, morally and physically painful. S. Mizetskyi carried on keeping to the pre-revolutionary times’ ethical norms, which did not correspond to the ideas of vulgar materialism, the new government’s policy of double standards. Hence, the ethical norms’ conflict manifested itself at various levels of communication between the priest and the authorities – from reading the monopoly press to defending their interests in the village council. Due to the letters’ analysis, which provides pieces of evidence and gives the opportunity to claim that there was a huge ideological gap between the authorities and S. Mizetskyi, a typical representative of the clergy in the south of Ukraine. It was felt more acutely than that of the former nobles and peasants, as the latter were free to perform their duties (as farmers) or, as former nobles, to adapt and seek their place in the new social structure. Because of the aloofness in the circle of people close to the church, conducting a “monologue of the heart” in letters to brother and father became almost the only strategies for survival, consolation in the new socio-political environment. In his reflections, he indirectly predicted the usurpation of power by the Bolshevik Party, the establishment of its monopoly in the socio-political life and control over human thought, pointed to the transformation of the educated intelligentsia into laborers, noting that experiments in the countryside did not meet healthy agricultural pragmatism and productivity. The priest’s reflections on the Ukrainian Orthodox Churches activities development depicted the church Ukrainianization issue, which was too harsh and uncompromising. It showed a high degree of conservatism and Russification of the clergy in southern Ukraine

ANALYSIS OF THE INNOVATIVE ENVIRONMENT OF WINE ENTERPRISES DEVELOPMENT AS AN INFRASTRUCTURE COMPONENT OF WINE ROUTES

The development of the wine industry as an infrastructural component of wine routes is possible only on a scientific platform, based on innovative transformations, with the support of the state and in close cooperation of all sectors of the economy related to viticulture, winemaking, and tourism. Despite the fact that the problems of management in the field of innovative development at various levels currently given considerable attention, a number of aspects of this issue remain unexplored. Thus, the analytical assessment of the innovation environment of Ukraine from the standpoint of innovation processes effective management in socio-economic systems and identifying the impact nature on the development of wineries is relevant. The main sources of innovative development inhibition are the state and the business environment. The state does not create conditions conducive to the development of the business environment, and also pays insufficient attention to the environment of knowledge production, which is the basis for innovation. This situation is risky for the domestic wine industry. Unfortunately, with the openness and insecurity of the Ukrainian market, European wines will continue to be more affordable. As a result, sales of Ukrainian products may fall, which in turn will exacerbate the fight against European winemakers for the Ukrainian consumer. Fierce competition with world leaders in the wine market dictates the need to improve the quality of Ukrainian wine products while reducing costs. A significant reserve for reducing the cost of wine is to increase the yield of grapes and the introduction of waste-free technologies. Carrying out economic transformations in Ukraine aimed at applying market principles of production regulation and increasing the competitiveness of domestic products, encourages continuous economic development and activity in economic and legal practice, which is an integral element of market economy self-regulation and a tool of responsibility for the inefficient organization of business structures. Ignoring or weakening this work inevitably leads to a crisis, bankruptcy, and liquidation of such enterprises in the wine industry. Given the international experience of highly developed wine regions of the world, it is advisable to develop and support wine tourism as a marketing component for advertising and promotion of local producers of alcoholic beverages as a tourist product, receiving additional economic and social benefits from tourists - wine connoisseurs. The key factors in the development of all wine tourism sites in Ukraine are enterprises and structures related to the production and sale of alcoholic beverages. Their share in the retail food turnover of Ukraine is set within 20%, which is quite high for the country's economy.

Позитиви і негативи аграрного устрою України

The purpose of the article is to highlight the results of the analysis of organizational and economic transformations in the process of carrying out the agrarian reform and to draw the attention of scientists, government officials, and society to the urgency of solving the problem of improving the agrarian system of Ukraine. Research methods. During the research, the following methods were used: abstract-logical (to determine the essence of the agrarian system, the generalization of the organizational and economic transformations processes during the agrarian reform, the formation of conclusions); economic and statistical (to analyze the results of improving the agrarian structure) comparative analysis (to determine the positives and negatives of organizational and economic transformations in agriculture of the world countries and in Ukraine). Research results. During the process of agricultural transformation analyzing in 2000-2018, it was revealed that by 2010, instead of the state collective agrarian system in Ukraine, a private-lease agrarian system has been formed, the characteristic features of which are private ownership of land, property, and results of activities, lease land relations and the multiformity of organizational and legal forms of market management. As a result, the production and export of agricultural products increased significantly. However, in the future, a latifundist structure began to form in the agriculture of Ukraine due to the concentration of farmland for the use of vertically integrated agricultural holding groups, in general, it has a positive effect on the development of agricultural production. However, such a system carries the threat of landlessness of peasants and the spread of semi-feudal forms of agricultural land lease. It does not contribute to the rural communities' development and improves the living standards of rural residents, for most of whom agricultural and related activities are the main source of their own income and revenues to local budgets. Scientific novelty. The essence and definition of the concept "agrarian system" are substantiated. For the first time, it was concluded that as a result of agrarian organizational and economic transformations in Ukraine a private-lease agrarian system was formed, its positive aspects and threats were systematized. Scientific provisions and recommendations for the continuation of agrarian reform for the formation of an agrarian system aimed at the integrated (balanced) development of agriculture, rural communities, and territories have been further developed. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used by scientists, government officials, and practitioners to solve the problem of national importance - improving the agricultural system of Ukraine. Tabl.: 4. Figs.: 1. Refs.: 16.

ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

У статті розглянуто економічну сутність поняття «інвестиції» та презентовано визначальні наукові підходи щодо розуміння їх змістового наповнення. Узагальнено теоретичні аспекти та виявлено найсуттєвіші тренди трактування поняття «інноваційний розвиток підприємств». Обґрунтовано необхідність інноваційного розвитку підприємств за умов глобалізаційних світових процесів та економічних трансформацій в Україні.

THE SUBJECT FIELD OF INSTITUTIONAL EDUCATION: THE SENSE AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE

The development of modern civilization attests to its decisive role in the progressive development of institutions. They identified the difference between Western civilization and the rest of the world. Confirmation of the institutional advantages of the West was its early industrialization. The genesis and formation of institutionalism in its ideological and conceptualmethodological orientation occurs as a process alternative to neoclassic in the context of world heterodoxia, which quickly spread in social science. Highlighting institutional education as a separate area of sociocultural activity is determined by the factor of differentiation of institutional theory as a whole. A feature of institutional education is its orientation toward the individual and his/her transformation into a personality. The content of institutional education is revealed through the analysis of the institution, which includes a set of established customs, traditions, ways of thinking, behavioral stereotypes of individuals and social groups. The dynamics of socio-political, economic transformations in Ukraine requires a review of the foundations of national education and determination of the prospects for its development in the 21st century in the context of institutionalism.

STATE AS THE MAIN INSTITUTIONAL AND STRATEGIC SUBJECT OF ELABORATION AND IMPLEMENTATIONOF THE INNOVATIVE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Topicality. The effect of modern globalization processes leading to escalating competition make it actual and necessary to learn historical studies of implementing reforms worldwide and the role of the state in the process of institutional transformation provided by highly developed countries of the world. Therefore, the present day the key issue of Ukraine resolving which has the theoretical and practical importance is the issue of the institutional modernization with defining the role and placing of the state on course of implementing and supporting the innovative and sustainable development. Aim and tasks: to prove, on the basis of learning the historical studies of implementing reforms worldwide and the role of the state in the process of institutional transformation, that at the present stage of human development it is the state that is in a role of the main institutional strategic subject of the innovative and sustainable development strategy that has the practical importance for defining the direction of the further social and economic transformation in Ukraine. Research results. The article is focused on that the market system in its classical form is past the point of the historical development. Gradually, in view of objective reasons, the placing and functions of the state have been changing in the direction of consolidation of its role, direct dealing with resolving fateful issues. Nowadays in successful and developed countries it is the main institutional and strategic subject of mixed economic system, one of its organization components. The overview of historical experience of the reform implement in countries that have achieved substantial gains proves that these gains are connected with the institutional reformations with the state being in the heart of them. On the other hand, dogmatical proclamation of private property privileges under any circumstances and at the same time the removal of the state from resolving fateful issues, the glamorization of the market of Ukraine and as a result � system error while choosing and implementing the model of economic development, have led to the formation of oligarchic capitalism with the objective traits peculiar to it. Therefore, the present day the issue must be not the reforms modernization and intensification but the change of their rates, the economy management philosophy in general. Conclusion. The research that had been made gave an opportunity to substantiate the attitude of the authors being that without the complex system support of the real sector of economy with the focus on innovation, without consolidation of state property and its institutes including those on the backs of reprivatizing the strategically important enterprises as the fundamental principle of the future economy of Ukraine the fateful issues would be impossible to resolve.

Tax burden in Ukraine in social and economic measurement

In the current conditions of economic reforms in Ukraine, a significant scientific and practical interest is the issue of optimizing the tax burden in accordance with the sustainable development strategy of Ukraine. In the context of the imperfection of the regulatory framework and the instability of tax legislation, the study of the tax burden in the socio-economic measurement in the context of modern economic transformations becomes especially urgent. This will help to find out further areas of tax reform. The aim of the article is to conduct a study of the tax burden in the socio-economic dimension in the context of modern economic transformations in Ukraine. The study used general scientific and special methods: analysis and synthesis, the method of comparison, generalization, statistical, etc. The methodological basis of the study is an integrated approach, system-structural analysis and the dialectical method of scientific knowledge. Separate scientific approaches to determining the essence of the concept of «tax burden», its boundaries and measurement indicators are generalized. The need for quantitative and qualitative socio-economic measurement of the tax burden is proved, the areas and directions of its indicators are identified. The basic macroeconomic indicators of the development of the national economy are systematized and analyzed, and the general level of tax burden in Ukraine is calculated in comparison with the EU countries. The main tasks and directions of optimizing the tax burden in the context of further economic transformations in Ukraine are identified, which can be taken into account in the developing the tax legislation during reform.

Monetary policy under economic transformation in Ukraine

The research subject includes the theoretical basis and mechanisms of monetary policy formation and realization as an instrument of macroeconomic regulation. The aim of the study is to determine the features of domestic monetary policy and to systemize the policy’s stages under economic transformations. Methods. In order to achieve the appropriate tasks, we used a set of methods and approaches, that helped to ensure the conceptual unity of our investigation. The dialectical, systemic and structural approaches, methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison, generalization, scientific abstraction are applied. Results. The peculiarities of formation and realization of monetary policy of Ukraine under economic transformations are determined. The main stages of national monetary policy’s development are systemized. The dynamics of monetization, exchange rate and index of consumer price from 1992 to 2018 is investigated. Practical implications. Monetaryl policy and instruments of its implementation. Conclusions. Nowadays, the monetary policy has a formed institutional mechanism in order to reach the main goal and tasks. We identified the main phases of monetary policy of Ukraine. In the initial stage the main elements of monetary architectonics are established, also the powers and tasks of central bank are defined. The stage of functional improvement characterized by the restriction on central bank repayment of bonds on the primary market, decreasing the monetization of national economy, introducing the currency exchange corridor. At the steady development phase, we determined the exchange rate stability and gradual increasing of monetization level. Within the transitional stage of modification, the raising of monetization was continued, moreover, the combined using of methods on the currency market was carried out to stabilize it. Also, National bank defined the priority directions to enhance the bank system. The stage of institutional modernization is characterized by the monetary strategy formation, increasing the central bank institutional and financial independence, the adoption of inflation targeting regime, the improving of basic statements of currency transaction, the developing of macroprudential regulation to ensure financial stability.

Economic Security Management of Ukraine in Conditions of European Integration

In conditions of political and economic transformation in Ukraine accompanied by decentralization of all aspects of public life, the function of ensuring national security of the country is allocated as an independent administrative function of the state, since it requires centralized state management. The aim of the study is to determine the main factors influencing the provision of economic security, and the improvement of the mechanism for managing the economic security of Ukraine in the context of European integration. The article proves that increasing the level of the economic security of the state is possible on the basis of improving state regulation of economic growth through the development of conceptual and program documents of interregional and territorial planning, and the creation of a comprehensive risk control system.

Actual importance of public-private partnership for providing economic modernization of city Kyiv under eurointegration

Considering the potential of Public-Private Partnership (PPP), it can be stated that further development of mutually beneficial cooperation can shape a basis for making more efficient use of resources and providing modern city socio-economic development under eurointegration. Kyiv should trigger economic transformation in Ukraine, in particular, by introducing PPP projects which must ensure: overcoming economic growth infrastructural constraints; enhancing the quality of life; environmental improvement; unleashing small and medium-sized businesses industrial potential; innovation; businesses and public involvement into achieving these goals

IMPERATIVES OF COMPLEMENTARITY OF AGRO-FOOD ENTERPRISES ECONOMIC POTENTIAL IMPLEMENTATION

Introduction. Today there are deep economic transformations in Ukraine that necessitate the integration of innovative approaches and methods in the process of implementing the economic potential of agro-food enterprises, in particular the use of an innovative complementary approach. Purpose. The article aims to uncover the peculiarities of integration and the use of imperative of complementarity in the process of implementing the economic potential of agricultural enterprises. Results. Significant advantages and perspectives of the imperatives of the complementarity of the sale of agro-food enterprises are revealed in the achievement of the complementary effect, which, unlike the synergetic effect, ensures the development of two independent structure-building blocks of the enterprise's economic potential by using only one of the resource flows, while obtaining a synergistic effect is possible based on the application of various resources. The expediency of using the imperatives of complementarity of the implementation of the economic potential of agro-food enterprises is justified by the linear and hierarchical nature of their integration. Thus, the linear nature of the integration of complementary imperatives reveals signs of interaction and complementarity between the basic elements of structural units of the economic potential of agro-food enterprises, whereas hierarchical character indicates the dominant role of one and complementary role of other basic elements, which ensures achievement of the priority goals of realization of economic potential of the enterprise. Thus, in the process of implementing the economic potential of agro-food enterprises on the basis of complementarity, we should consider the effects of interaction and complementarity of the flow of its structural blocks, the possibilities of their efficient use and the ability to increase competitive advantages that will ensure achievement of the priority goals of realization of the economic potential of the enterprise, namely, maximization market value of business.

Статистичне вивчення трансформаційних зрушень економіки України

В статті проведено економічну діагностику деяких важливих макроекономічних індикаторів України, що відображають характер та швидкість економічної трансформації. Запропоновано використання набору інституційних змінних, що дозволив більш ретельно оцінити характер економічної трансформації в Україні і виявити такі відхилення - трансформація національної економіки відбувається на різних швидкостях. Поряд із традиційними зрушеннями в структурі ВВП (домінування частки послуг) все ще спостерігається незначний статистичний вплив таких важливих інституційних категорій як рівень політичної глобалізації, контроль корупції, рівень захищеності прав власності, верховенства права, а також рівень соціальної глобалізації.

METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES FOR DETERMINING GENERAL PRODUCTION COSTS AND STANDARDS FOR AUTHORIZATION FOR CARRIAGE PARTY

When choosing a rational variant of the logistics chain "Production is the main rail transport" a multicriteria task is solved, in which the priority must belong to the criterion of a minimum of full transport and production costs. The article describes the methodology for determining the total costs of production and the station of adjoining to the departure of the consignment, which provides the following types of costs: the location of the consignment in the warehouse of the manufacturer; the performance of cargo operations and their expectations; the arrangement of the cars on the cargo front; the supply-picking of the cars on the cargo fronts; the dismantling of cars at the station of the adjoining; the execution of operations with the wagons on the departure from the station of adjoining. This method gives an opportunity to estimate the quality of the developed technology for the transportation of the concrete consignment within the limits of the logistics chain "Production is the main rail transport". Economic transformation in Ukraine radically changed the economic situation and the relationship between economic entities, including the transport market environment. Under such conditions, it is important to ensure the introduction into the transport process of the logistic principles of management of specific traffic. For each of them, a rational logistics chain of cargo delivery should be developed.The main objective of the logistics chain for the delivery of goods (LСDG) is to ensure the maximum efficiency of the entire transport chain as a complex of individual components (transportation, terminal support, forwarding and agency services). For all the participants in the transport market, the main criterion for choosing a rational variant of delivery of goods (the development of LCDG) is the cost of transportation.In order to restore the economy of the state and bring its functioning to a modern society, an important task is to improve on mutually beneficial terms of relations between the cargo owners and railways, which requires the technical and technological re-equipment of main and industrial rail transport.The search for effective measures, the realization in which the activity of railways will improve the use of their limited resources, which will improve the quality of transport services becomes of particular relevance.In the conditions of significant fluctuations in freight traffic, the use of infrastructure of railway transport and rolling stock is complicated. Therefore, unproductive simple freight cars on stations and access roads of enterprises are growing and their use is deteriorating, because of the growing costs of railways and worsening of financial condition of railways and various companies (producers and consumers).

Political and economic transformations in Ukraine: The view from psychiatry.

This article examines contemporary Ukrainian psychiatry through the voices of patients, practitioners, and advocates, focusing on shifting objects of knowledge, interventions, and institutional transitions. Currently, we are witnessing the reconfiguration of psychiatry on a global scale through neoliberal rhetoric combined with the call for global mental health. The goal of the movement for global mental health is to scale up psychiatric treatments through greater access to psychiatric drugs, justified through the framing of distress as an illness. Neoliberal rhetoric suggests that cutting social service expenditure through the privatization and decentralization of the health care system will stimulate economic growth and, in the long term, combat poverty. This paper traces how these dynamics are playing out in Ukraine, drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted at a psychiatric hospital in south-central Ukraine from 2008-2010, while working with a non-governmental organization.

The formation of civil society in Ukraine under present conditions

The problem of relationship of civil society with the state within its theoretical, social and political aspects was analyzed. The attention was paid to the institutional pre-conditions of both civil and political societies differentiation as well as to the features of democratic governance in the terms of social and state transformation. The interest of researchers on the theme of civil society is not fading since the appearance of this phenomenon. Likewise the rule of law, according to most jurists, the civil society is the most suitable environment for the implementation of the rights and freedoms of the individual and citizen, the ideals of freedom and equality and other democratic and humanistic principles. Formation of civil society is complicated and multifaceted process, however its essential and irreplaceable participant has always been and shall be the individual, who in any case has a sense of justice and is able to interpret and evaluate the legal reality, which surrounds, make decisions and take actions that have a legal consequences. The path to the civil society and the Rule of Law goes only through democratization of legal awareness of citizens and try to avoid this step is impossible. The fact is that the source of civil society in the country should be the people and the so called civil society institutes, imposed "from above" really are not. However, the state's influence can still be useful. Raising the level of sense of justice of the population through the real spread of legal information, provision of effective legal training and quality education can become as a much important step towards establishing a legal state and civil society as political and economic transformation in Ukraine.