Economic Price Research Articles

Educational games in the system of economic education

Relevance. The Monopoly game is a popular board game with a simple concept that is relevant as a tool for enterprises and entrepreneurs in the system of teaching the basics of business, as a tool for studying strategic economics and justifying business strategies. Goals. Substantiation of the importance of the Monopoly game model as a business strategy tool for developing skills in strategic thinking, negotiation, risk management and efficient resource allocation. Exploring the similarities between concepts in the game and real economic concepts, including monopoly, market competition, pricing strategies, and business cycles. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of “Monopoly” as an educational tool for teaching the concepts of strategic economics. Methodology. Analysis, synthesis, observation, comparative and statistical methods. Conclusions. The business game “Monopoly” is a useful tool in the system of teaching economic concepts, raising the level of knowledge of the real economy. The use of the game model “Monopoly” in the educational process develops critical thinking and the skills of effective management decisions focused on business development.

Monetary policy in China: A Factor Augmented VAR approach

This paper investigates the effectiveness of Chinese monetary policy. We employ the data-rich Factor Augmented VAR (FAVAR) model to address the paucity of Chinese data. We find that the Divisia monetary aggregate M2 (DMA2) that considers both the quantity of monetary assets and the user-cost of the money/forgone interest rate is more effective in boosting economic activities and prices than other instruments (e.g., interest rate, simple money supply M2, and required reserve ratio). These other instruments produce outcomes that contradict theoretical predictions in at least one area. Therefore, we suggest the use of the DMA2 to steer the performance of the Chinese economy effectively.

Identification and productivity of lobster catching (Panulirus spp) in Aceh Jaya

Lobster is a leading commodity in Aceh Province and it is one of the commodities with a high economic price. Besides, it is believed that Aceh Jaya Regency has superior fisheries commodities. This study aims to describe the composition of the catch, the relationship between the length and the weight and the productivity of the catch on six different types of lobster in Aceh Jaya. The study was conducted from June to August 2022 in the waters of Aceh Jaya, Setia Bakti District, Lhok Rigaih Village. The study focuses on the catch composition, length-weight relationship, and the measurement of the catch productivity. The types of samples taken were six species including Panulirus homarus, P. longipes, P. penicillatus, P. versicolor, P. ornatus and P. polyphagus. The composition of the total lobster catch was dominated by Panulirus penicillatus 23.94%, followed by P. versicolor 19.71%, P. homarus 18.30%, P. longipes 18.30%, P. ornatus 18.30%, and P. polyphagus 1.40%. The composition of the weight of the catch was dominated by Panulirus versicolor 23.20%, followed by P. longipes 22.79%, P. homarus 19.41%, P. penicillatus 17.42%, P. ornatus 17.02%, and P. polyphagus as 0.13%. The relationship between the length and the weight of these six types of lobster catch were allometric negatives. The productivity of lobster catch using gillnet fishing gear averaged 226.66 kg in April 2021, 293.51 kg in June, and 141.53 kg in December. The catch in January 2022 was 437.26 kg, meanwhile in February was 77.87 kg, followed by April 358.85 kg.

PEMBUATAN DAN APLIKASI PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR (POC) SEBAGAI SUBSTITUSI NUTRISI AB MIX TERHADAP TANAMAN KANGKUNG (Ipomoea reptans) PADA HIDROPONIK WICK SYSTEM

The price of the AB mix is relatively high, so it needed to find another alternative with a more economical price. One of the alternatives is Liquid Organic Fertilizer (LOF). This study aimed to know the quality of LOF made from banana peels and chicken egg shells, the effect of LOF on the water spinach grown in the hydroponic wick system, and the possible use of LOF as a substitute for AB mix. The experiment consisted of three stages. The first stage was the nutrient analysis of raw materials. The second stage was the production of LOF and nutrient analysis. The results of fermented fertilizers are called POC PT. The third stage was an experiment on water spinach in a hydroponic wick system. The experiment used a completely randomized design with five fertilizer treatments, namely P0 (control), P1 (AB mix nutrition), P2 (LOF PT 150%), P3 (LOF PT 100%), P4 (LOF PT 50%) in three replications. The results showed that LOF, which was fermented for three weeks, had a low nutrient content and was below the Ministry of Agriculture standard. The available N content in POC PT was low, so Ca(NO3)2 fertilizer was added to POC PT. The LOF PT treatment had higher plant growth parameter than the control treatment. Thus, the treatment of LOF PT could not substitute AB mix.

Analisis Syariah Marketing Terhadap Pelaksanaan Pemasaran Sabun Multibeauty

This study aims to determine how the Sharia Marketing Analysis of the Marketing Implementation of Multibeauty Soap. Based on the theory of Sharia marketing, according to Hermawan Kertajaya and Muhammad Syakir Sula, four characteristics of Sharia marketing indicators can be used as a guide for marketers. However, not all indicators of the characteristics of Sharia marketing can be met by marketers. As happened at Alfi Store, there is an injustice in the marketing of multibeauty soap, namely the unequal cutting of soap. However, behind this problem, sales of Multibeauty soap in one-eighth pieces are increasing and attracting consumers. The results of this study indicate that: (1) The implementation of Multibeauty soap marketing based on sharia marketing analysis in general is by the theory. However, some could be more optimal. (2) The impact of implementing Multibeauty soap marketing based on the Sharia marketing analysis felt by Alfi Store, seen from an internal business perspective, explains that Multibeauty soap is by customer specifications. The economic price and a million benefits are one of the advantages of this product. The learning and growth perspective explains that business owners continue to improve their performance by regularly conducting sharing and seminars with other business partners. The customer perspective explains that consumers of Multibeauty soap feel satisfied. The financial perspective explains that consumers make repeat orders, which increases the number of sales of Multibeauty soap by one-eighth piece. (3) The factors that affect the level of sales of Multibeauty soap are affordable prices, best quality, distribution channels, and good service.

Prospective observational study on prescription pattern of antibiotics in general ward and intensive care unit in tertiary care hospital

The prescription pattern monitoring facilitate the rational use of drugs in the population. Rational use of drug means patients receive medication appropriate to their clinical needs in closes that meet the individual requirement for an adequate period of time and at an economical price to the individual and overall to the community. Role of Right medicine in the Right manner in the Right patients must be followed while using Antibiotics. Irrational use of medicines is major problem worldwide. WHO estimates that more than half of all medicines are prescribed, dispensed or sold inappropriately and that half of all patients fail to take them correctly. The overuse, underuse or misuse of medicine result in wastage of scarce resource and widespread health hazards. Therefore, appropriate and safe use of antibiotics in healthcare system is more Important. The main objective of the study was to determine the percentage of antibiotics used in general ward and in intensive care unit and to find out most commonly Prescribed antibiotic within 72 hours in intensive care unit, the most common microorganism found in culture sensitivity test and the common route of drug administration in general ward and in intensive care unit. This is a prospective observational study. The study was conducted in tertiary care hospital in Gujarat. The duration of the study was 6 months. Total of 120 patients data was collected from the patient case sheet. Prescription of the patients are collected in designed CRF form and relevant data is analysed to obtain frequency and percentage. Out of 120 patients, majority of patients were male and most commonly used route of administered was Iv. The commonly prescribed antibiotics in general ward was ceftriaxone 28 (29.43%), metronidazole 10 (10.53%), cefoperazone + sulbactum 10 (10.53 %) and Amoxicilin + clavulanic acid 7 (7.37 %) prescribed for different condition. In Intensive care unit, commonly prescribed antibiotics was ceftriaxone 19 (18.1 %), meropenem 15 (14.29 %) and Cefoperazone + sulbactum 12 (11. 44 %). On Discharge Time most of the patients was still on antibiotics therapy.This study analysed 120 prescription and ceftriaxone, cefoperazone + sulbactum, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, meropenem, cefadroxil ,vancomycin,cefepime + tazobactum piperacilin + tazobactum, doxycycline Cefixime are the hospital formulary. Prescription pattern studies have become a potential tool for evaluating the health care System. This study provides important baseline information on antibiotics use. This study severs to spotlight the current prescribing trends in patients. The use of a single agent and the combination of antibiotics were dependent upon the hospital formulary and protocols and policies for antibiotic use.

DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE HEALTHCARE MODEL FOR THE HOSPITALS IN NORTHERN INDIA

Background: Healthcare organizations incorporate products and services at economical prices to deliver healthcare services of good quality. All the operations performed in the organizations aimed to achieve a higher level of environmental sustainability governed by the Sustainable Developmental Goals of 2030. Aims: This study aims to develop a sustainable healthcare model using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Methods: First and foremost, the authors have identified the factors associated with the sustainable healthcare system through a literature review. Based on these factors, a questionnaire was developed and administered to 25 healthcare organizations from December 2020 to March 2021. An Analytical Hierarchy Process is utilized to rank the factors, and a conceptual model is developed. The Felix Hospitals substantiate this model. The authors have also applied sensitivity analysis to validate the results achieved via AHP. Results: The AHP model demonstrates the focus is on the environment first, followed by the economic and social dimensions sustainably. The validated model was also substantiated by the hospital (Felix) results and sensitivity analysis. Conclusion: It can be concluded that hospital sustainability highly depends on the environment in the first stage and economic and social sustainability in the second and third stages. The same result was achieved through AHP. Keywords: analytical hierarchy process, hospital, sustainable healthcare.

DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE HEALTHCARE MODEL FOR THE HOSPITALS IN NORTHERN INDIA

Background: Healthcare organizations incorporate products and services at economical prices to deliver healthcare services of good quality. All the operations performed in the organizations aimed to achieve a higher level of environmental sustainability governed by the Sustainable Developmental Goals of 2030. Aims: This study aims to develop a sustainable healthcare model using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Methods: First and foremost, the authors have identified the factors associated with the sustainable healthcare system through a literature review. Based on these factors, a questionnaire was developed and administered to 25 healthcare organizations from December 2020 to March 2021. An Analytical Hierarchy Process is utilized to rank the factors, and a conceptual model is developed. The Felix Hospitals substantiate this model. The authors have also applied sensitivity analysis to validate the results achieved via AHP. Results: The AHP model demonstrates the focus is on the environment first, followed by the economic and social dimensions sustainably. The validated model was also substantiated by the hospital (Felix) results and sensitivity analysis. Conclusion: It can be concluded that hospital sustainability highly depends on the environment in the first stage and economic and social sustainability in the second and third stages. The same result was achieved through AHP. Keywords: analytical hierarchy process, hospital, sustainable healthcare.

ANALISIS PENGARUH BILGE KEEL TERHADAP GERAK ROLLING KAPAL FERRY RO-RO DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE STRIP-THEORY

Ships are a mode of transportation that is often used by the community as a link between the islands. People generally use the ferry as a mode of crossing in addition to the economical price but also comfort is still preferred. But in recent years, researchers have often heard cases of shipwrecks. Especially ship crossing accidents caused by overturned ships. Based on this, prevention is needed to reduce the number of ship accidents in the future. One of the keys that can be taken is to improve the technical analysis before the ship is designed. One such analysis related to the ship is seakeeping ship. The method used in this study is to use strip – theory method through OSM program. This method is one of the commonly used methods because it calculates the 3D model into 2D. The results showed the effect of the use of Bilge keel on the ferry Ro-Ro tested with conditions x0, x1, x2, and x3 on the condition of the stationary ship with a wave height of 1.5 m and heading 90 deg. The addition of Bilge keel is able to reduce the resonance of roll motion up to 58% in conditions of variation x1, 61% in variation x2, and 67% in conditions of variation x2. Therefore the installation of bilge keel has a significant effect on the rolling of ferry Ro-Ro.
 
 Keywords: Roll Motion, Bilge Keel, OSM.

A resin gauge for performance testing of X-ray CT and its calibration by multiple orientation measurements

An accurate and traceable performance testing of the X-ray computed tomography (XCT) is crucial for the application of the XCT in various industrial fields. For the performance testing of the XCT, we proposed a novel gauge with spheres embedded in a cylindrical resin. The proposed gauge is free from the artifacts caused by the gauge structure, and the spheres can be arranged at any position of the gauge. Additionally, the gauge can be placed with different orientations and it can be produced at an economical price. We verified the feasibility of using the proposed gauge as a reference standard, in terms of the coefficient of thermal expansion and secular change of the resin. Furthermore, we developed the associated calibration method for the gauge through multiple orientation measurements using the XCT. From the results, the proposed gauge can be calibrated with an uncertainty of 1.9 μm when the gauge size is 30 mm.

Natural Plant-Derived Compounds in Food and Cosmetics: A Paradigm of Shikonin and Its Derivatives.

Shikonin and its derivatives are the natural naphthoquinone compounds produced in the roots of the Boraginaceae family. These red pigments have been used for a long time in coloring silk, as food colorants, and in the Chinese traditional system of medicines The resurgence of public interest in natural and plant-based products has led to this category of compounds being in high demand due to their wide range of biological activities including antioxidant, antitumor, antifungal, anti-inflammatory ones. Different researchers worldwide have reported various applications of shikonin derivatives in the area of pharmacology. Nevertheless, the use of these compounds in the food and cosmetics fields needs to be explored more in order to make them available for commercial utilization in various food industries as a packaging material and to enhance their shelf life without any side effects. Similarly, the antioxidant properties and skin whitening effects of these bioactive molecules may be used successfully in various cosmetic formulations. The present review delves into the updated knowledge on the various properties of shikonin derivatives in relation to food and cosmetics. The pharmacological effects of these bioactive compounds are also highlighted. Based on various studies, it can be concluded that these natural bioactive molecules have potential to be used in different sectors, including functional food, food additives, skin, health care, and to cure various diseases. Further research is required for the sustainable production of these compounds with minimum disturbances to the environment and in order to make them available in the market at an economic price. Simultaneous studies utilizing recent techniques in computational biology, bioinformatics, molecular docking, and artificial intelligence in laboratory and clinical trials would further help in making these potential candidates promising alternative natural bioactive therapeutics with multiple uses.

Investor demand in syndicated EFSF/ESM bond issuances.

The European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF) and the European Stability Mechanism (ESM) were set up at the peak of the European sovereign debt crisis to issue bonds and lend to countries under current funding stress. This study analyses investor demand in syndicated bond issuances of EFSF and ESM from 2014 to 2020 on an unprecedented granularity level using a dataset of individual orders with statistical inference. Particularly, we investigate orderbook dynamics for three main aspects: first, we determine the main factors segmenting investor demand. Second, we analyse price dynamics in the transactions and their relation to investor demand. Third, we investigate whether any indications of orderbook inflation might explain the increased volatility in orderbook volume. We identify issuance tranche and tenor as the main determinants of investor demand that are largely anticipated in the notional. Further, we note that ESM is doing economical pricing, where the new issue premium tends to be lower in a market context with larger demand. Lastly, we find a mixture of an increasing number and an increasing volume of orders as drivers of large order books. This confirms that there are no indications of orderbook inflation tendencies in the analysed time period.

Determination of Microinsurance Premiums in Cattle Farms Based on Protein Content Index and Milk Production Using the Black-Scholes Method

Micro insurance is an insurance product that is intended for low-income people with features and administration that are simple, easy to obtain, economical prices and immediate settlement of compensation. Cattle business insurance is an effort to protect breeders in event of a risk of death and loss of cattle, this insurance product is a protection against worries the burden of a large premium. This study aims to calculate the premium price using the Black-Scholes method. In this study, a correlation analysis was conducted to determine the influence the protein content on cow’s milk production. Then, modelling the protein content using ARIMA-GARCH and determining the premium using the Black-Scholes method. The results showed that the protein content of milk in cow’s milk production has a positive correlation. Protein content follows the ARIMA(1,0,0)-GARCH(1) model. Based on the results of the analysis it can be concluded that the bigger protein content in milk, the higher premium that needs to paid.

Dynamic Relationship of Macro Variables and Liquefied Petroleum Gas Subsidy Transformation Program

Most Indonesians rely on liquefied petroleum gas as one of their primary sources of energy. Liquefied petroleum gas is classified into subsidized and non-subsidized. Subsidized liquefied petroleum gas is primarily used by low-income households, small businesses, and poor fishermen and farmers for cooking. However, no exit strategy has been established to overcome the increase in government spending on subsidized kerosene introduced in 2008. The problem is that macro variables may influence liquefied petroleum gas economic prices. The research aimed to identify the relationship between macro variables that might affect liquefied petroleum gas economic prices. It applied a quantitative method with Vector Auto Regression (VAR) and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The results demonstrate that inflation rate have a significant impact on the economic price of liquefied petroleum gas. Then, gross domestic product, inflation rate, and world gas price have positive correlations to the economic prices in liquefied petroleum gas. Meanwhile, currency exchange and world oil price have negative coefficients. The regression model indicates that a rise in inflation increases market prices in liquefied petroleum gas. Furthermore, the increased subsidized fuel means more poor people cannot afford liquefied petroleum gas. It is because high inflation reduces purchasing and potentially increases the number of poor people.

KHiTE: Multilingual Speech Acquisition to Monolingual Text Translation

Objectives: To develop a system that accepts cross-lingual spoken reviews consisting of two to four languages, translate to target language text for Indic languages namely Kannada, Hindi, Telugu and/or English termed as cross lingual speech identification and text translation system. Methods: Hybridization of software engineering models are used in natural languages for pre-processing such as noise removal and speech splitting to obtain phonemes. Combinatorial models namely Hidden-Markov-Model, Artificial Neural Networks, Deep Neural Networks and Convulutional Neural Networks were deployed for direct and indirect speech mapping. Trained corpus consisting of thousand phonemes in the form of wave files for each language considered is named as KHiTEShabdanjali. The basic parameters cosidered for training dataset are pause, pitch, sampling frequency, threshold etc. Findings: The research has resulted in the development of mono-lingual and multi-lingual speech identification, tool for processing of cross-lingual speech and language identification, mono-lingual, bi-lingual, tri-lingual and quad-lingual speech to monolingual text translation for the four languages. It is a generic approach and can be used for other regional languages of India by training the corpus with the selected language. Novelty: Cross-lingual speech identification and text translation system helps users in e-shopping by reducing the time incurred in making a decision to purchase a product having enough features at an economical price, e-tutoring, e-farming activities, digitizing, defence etc. Keywords: Artificial Neural Networks; Convulutional Neural Networks; Deep Neural Networks; HiddenMarkovModel; Speech Processing

Redesign of Trans-Semarang Bus Stop at Prof. Soedarto Segment Using an Accessibility Approach

Bus rapid transit, which was established in the city of Semarang in 2009, is expected to be a solution for the transportation needs of the people of the city of Semarang. With good service and economical prices, bus rapid transit is quite a favorite form of transportation for the citizens of Semarang. However, the current design of the Trans-Semarang bus stop is still far from easy for its users to access. The need for public services in the form of easy accessibility of users, both disabled and elderly. There needs to be a review from the Semarang City government, regarding the fulfillment of bus shelter facilities and designs that are still less than standard. This study uses a descriptive method using qualitative techniques. The research subjects were bus stops and users of the Trans-Semarang bus stop. Data collection techniques used are observation and documentation. The results of the research obtained on the design of the Trans-Semarang bus stop indicate that there are several shortcomings in the design of the Trans-Semarang bus stop along the Prof. Soedarto. To achieve the standard of comfort in terms of accessibility, it is necessary to redesign the bus stop design following the standards of building design regulations. Some of these shortcomings have been improved by redesigning the Trans Semarang bus stop with an accessibility approach. In addition, it is necessary to add several facilities that are not yet available so that the function of the Trans-Semarang bus stop can be used optimally and sustainably by the residents of Semarang.

Analysis of the Pricing Problem of Photographic Tasks Based on Multiple Linear Regression Models

This paper is for the economic pricing development of popular online labor crowdsourcing platform in China. Based on the real-time statistical data of photo-earning APP, a reasonable pricing scheme of comprehensive evaluation index system is established from the perspective of geographical location, scheduled task quota, task distribution and member distribution. The greedy algorithm, reformulation of equation, price weight model and power map of Excel are used for calculation and analysis.

How media coverage news and global uncertainties drive forecast of cryptocurrencies returns?

This paper aims to investigate the impact of global financial, economic, and gold price uncertainty indices (VIX, EPU, and GVZ) and investor sentiment based on media coverage news on the returns of Bitcoin and Ethereum during the COVID-19 pandemic. We adopt an asymmetric framework based on the Quantile-on-Quantile approach, which examines the quantiles of the cryptocurrency returns, investor sentiment, and the various uncertainties indicators. The empirical findings suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted cryptocurrency returns. Specifically, (i) the results demonstrate the predictive power of Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) during this period, as evidenced by a strong negative association between EPU and cryptocurrency returns across all quantiles; (ii) the correlation between cryptocurrency returns and the VIX index was negative but weak, across various quantile combinations of Ethereum and Bitcoin returns; (iii) an increase in COVID-19 news negatively affected Bitcoin returns across all quantiles; (iv) Bitcoin and Ethereum cannot be relied upon as effective hedging tools against global financial and economic uncertainty during the COVID-19 pandemic. Studying the behavior of cryptocurrency during uncertainty like pandemics is extremely important because it provides investors with insights on diversifying their portfolios and hedging their risks.

Financial inclusion and financial development: implications for monetary policy effectiveness and economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa

PurposeThis paper explores the implications of financial inclusion and financial development for the conduct of monetary policy in achieving price stability and economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).Design/methodology/approachThe paper employs the system-generalized methods of moment (GMM) estimation technique using panel data spanning 2004 to 2019 and sourced from Databases of (International Monetary Fund's) IMF's Financial Access Survey (FAS), IMF's International Financial Statistics (IFS), World Bank's Global Financial Development Database (GFDD) and World Bank's World Development Indicators (WDI).FindingsThe authors find that financial inclusion has a double-edge effect in SSA. That is, it increases economic growth and lowers inflation in SSA. Furthermore, the results show that a simultaneous increase in financial inclusion and financial development have restrictive effects on economic growth. On the evidence provided, the authors conclude that financial inclusion is an important predictor of economic growth and the conduct of monetary policy in the sub-region.Originality/valueThis paper expands and contributes to the frontier of knowledge how financial inclusion is important for the conduct of monetary policy by monetary authorities in achieving its intended objectives in SSA. The paper highlights the need for ongoing enhancement of financial inclusion of many governments in the sub-region to achieving high economic growth and price stability. Thus, there is the need for policy makers to ensure that a more stringent, effective and appropriate policies and measures are put in place to enhance financial inclusion while taking into consideration the extent of financial development in SSA.

Peningkatan Produktivitas UKM Lontong Plastik Mini Modern di Desa Kolam


 
 SMEs are small and medium enterprises owned by individuals or individual business entities. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have an important role in supporting the national economy. Therefore, SMEs need to get attention from the government and academics. Various processed food products are produced by SMEs. Lontong is one of the staple food products that we often encounter and consume. Lontong is made from rice wrapped in plastic, banana leaves and boiled. The majority of Lontong business owners continue to produce their goods using firewood and improvised tools. As a result, the quality and production capacity remain low. However, on this occasion the researchers conducted research on the mini Lontong UKM located in the village of Pond, Kab. Deli Serdang Kec. Percut Sei Tuan here, researchers see the production process for making rice cake at Mrs. Risna's house. The manufacturing process is very modern because it uses modern cooking utensils, namely using a gas stove and the cooking process takes 6 hours faster. The mini size of the lontong and the cheap and economical price makes it attractive for the public to buy the product and the owner distributes it to markets and online media such as social media and other online media.
 Keywords : Lontong UKM, Productivity, Production Marketing