Economic Orientation Research Articles

TEORI KONSUMSI, PRODUKSI DAN DISTRIBUSI DALAM PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI SYARIAH

The most fundamental reason why economics arises and is needed by humans, is because human needs are unlimited while the resources to meet those needs are limited. To overcome this, there are two main things that become the orientation of economics, namely choosing and creating. Choosing related to consumption and distribution, and creating related to production. Thus, the three activities (production, distribution, and consumption) have a very important role in solving economic problems. Islam in its universal and comprehensive teaching also discusses how production, distribution and consumption should be done. Consumption patterns and production behavior determine the wheels of the economy. The Qur'an as a source of teachings, has teachings on consumption, production and distribution in addition to other economic activities. In the context of production, of course, Muslim producers should not be tempted at all by the habits and behaviors of economists who are committing sins, consuming illicit property, spreading hostility, contradicting the sunnatullah, and causing damage on earth. However, as sophisticated as a tool for calculating the blessings of Allah certainly will not count. In conceptual consumption there are several principles that must be obeyed by Muslim consumers, which include: the principle of halal and good, the principle of absence following the passions, the principle of gratitude. Islamic economic systems offer a system economic distribution which prioritizes the value of freedom of action and action based on religious teachings and the value of justice in ownership which is based on two joints, namely freedom and justice

Исследование роли стратегического планирования в повышении уровня устойчивого развития экономики региона

The present research featured the issue of regional strategic planning as part of Russian economic system. The research objective was to study the role of strategic planning in improving the sustainable development of local economy. The study was based on the methods of analysis, synthesis, and grouping. The Strategy of Economic Development of Kuzbass through 2035 turned out to be more relevant in its content than previous strategies. The analysis of regional typology helped to identify a wider range of problems that aggravated or appeared over time. The problems were formulated as key priorities aimed at improving the life of local population and boosting the economic growth. The author believes that the main goal of the state regional policy is to reach and maintain a high level of economic development of the region. Regional policy is a set of legislative, administrative, and economic measures aimed at improving the quality of life and productive in the region. The state regional policy has the same economic orientation for all regions, which should be regulated by strategic planning, thus increasing the level of sustainable economic development.

Assessment of knowledge of dairy farmers on Ooruraa pasu graasa kshetralu (OPGK) scheme and its relationship with their profile characteristics in Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh

The fodder availability plays an important role for sustainable livestock farming which is a major challenge for the dairy farmers especially during the drought situations and in summer. Hence, the study was undertaken to assess the extent of Knowledge of Ooruraa Pasu Graasa Kshetralu (OPGK) Scheme, which is a fodder development scheme implemented by Government of Andhra Pradesh and its relationship with the profile characteristics of the dairy farmers. An ex-post-facto research design was followed for the investigation. A total of 120 farmers were randomly selected from three mandals of Srikakulam district. Majority (62.50%) of the dairy farmers had medium level of knowledge about OPGK scheme. Correlation analysis revealed that socio economic status, social participation, mass media exposure, innovativeness, extension contact, scientific orientation, economic orientation, achievement motivation, risk orientation and market orientation had a positive and significant relationship with extent of knowledge of OPGK scheme except age.

The Relationships between Economic Orientation, Sustainable Product Design and Innovation Performance: Empirical Evidence from Us Manufacturing Firms

The Relationships between Economic Orientation, Sustainable Product Design and Innovation Performance: Empirical Evidence from Us Manufacturing Firms

Сучасний інструментарій моделювання, планування та регулювання заходів реалізації стратегії екологічно спрямованого інвестиційного розвитку підприємств країни

Environmental and economic regulation involves the influence of governmental and non-governmental bodies on the functioning and development of the national economic system, industries and enterprises through a set of tools and levers of environmental and economic orientation. It is well-proven that for a domestic industrial enterprise at forming of the programs of the ecologically directed investment development it costs to use the tool of the modern planning and design of ecologization of activity and perfection of business processes. For the decision of problem of the ecologically directed improvement of business processes it costs to conduct a design and evaluation of their influence on the results of activity, that allows to define, at what level presently there are an enterprise and what his prospects of development and possibility of improvement of activity. In the article the result of design of the stages of strategy of ecologization of activity of industrial enterprise is presented on the basis of platform of design of «Ramus Modeler» of modern platforms of SADT – diagrams (Structured of analysis and design technique). In the article it is suggested to determine and regulate the basic stages of the program of nature protection investment development on the basis of their design with the use of application of ARIS (Architecture of Integrated Information Systems) package. In the article the result of design of the stages of improvement of nature protection activity of industrial enterprise is presented in the standard of functional design – IDEF0 (Integration Definition for of Function Modeling) of «Ramus Modeler» software. It is well-proven that the context diagram (functional diagram of higher level) and her decoupling got as a result of design give the evident detailed description of the stages of ecologization of activity, and also aim, tasks, expected results and existent resources, mechanisms of management and providing, entrance and initial documentation, responsible persons et al, that allows to set possible defects and bring in necessary changes.

Financial Support of Communities During the Covid-19 Pandemic

The article provides a study of the financial provision of local communities to respond the COVID-19. The main purpose of the research is to analyze the role of alternative sources of funding for local communities in strengthening their financial capacity and supporting the health care system during the pandemic. The analysis was carried out on the basis of a study of world trends, a comparative analysis of the financial support of Eastern and Western European countries at the expense of international organizations and government institutions; as well as the study of contributions of charitable funds, public organizations and corporate entities in supporting the health care system (the case of Ukraine). The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves that the pandemic had long-lasting effects on the global economy and created a demand for financial support from citizens and businesses, local and central governments. In order to cover the expenses related to the provision of health care in the conditions of the pandemic, as well as aimed at minimizing the consequences of COVID-19 for the economy and society, various sources of funding were involved, which included funds from the state and local budgets, as well as external funding, such as financial activities, programs and grants of international organizations and other donors, charitable contributions from foundations and corporations. The study proved the existence of inter-country and inter-regional differences in the structure of sources of financing, as well as in the focus areas of funding. The analysis of funding activities of major international organizations, unions and government structures, such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the European Investment Bank, the European Union, the United States Agency for International Development and others, for the period 2020-2021 confirmed that most of the funding initiatives have an economic orientation, but only some of them are directly aimed at financial support of local communities. On the other hand, alternative sources of funding, such as funds from charitable foundations and donations from the corporate sector, were directly aimed at supporting medical institutions and patients in local communities. That makes them important both for the economy and for saving lives, despite of the lower values of funding compared to international or state programs. The results of the research can be useful for scientists, state and local self-government bodies in managing the financial capacity of local communities and their resilience to health threats.

ПРОБЛЕМИ ПРАЦЕВЛАШТУВАННЯ ВИПУСКНИКІВ ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ ЗАКЛАДІВ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ

The article examines the employment of graduates of higher education economic institutions. The aim of the article is to define the factors determining the competitiveness of economic higher education institutions’ graduates in the domestic labor market, their impact on employment, as well as to substantiate the directions of overcoming the existing problems in this area. It has been established that three groups of factors have a significant impact on the process of employment of economic higher education institutions’ graduates: the main trends of the domestic educational market; imbalances characteristic of the Ukrainian labor market; finally, the level of professional training of the graduate who is looking for a job. Over a long period of time, public consciousness has formed an idea about the «universal» nature of economic education. As a consequence, domestic HEIs (regardless of their main profile) actively offered various educational programs of economic orientation on the market. Under such conditions only in recent years, the reputation and prestige of HEIs have become a weighty factor influencing the choice of employers. Under the conditions of open armed aggression, the participants of the educational market faced complex tasks, connected both with the relocation of a number of institutions and with the change of priorities in the labor market, and with the significant migration of potential applicants and students outside Ukraine. Solving them largely depends on an effective public policy in the field of education (including optimization of the number of HEIs), as well as the ability of economic universities to transform their own strategy on the educational market in Ukraine.

СОВРЕМЕННАЯ СИСТЕМА ОТРАСЛЕВОЙ СТРУКТУРЫ И СПЕЦИАЛИЗАЦИИ РЕГИОНОВ РОССИИ КАК ПОКАЗАТЕЛЬ УСТОЙЧИВОГО ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ

The subject and purpose of the study is to characterize and evaluate the current system of regulatory and legal support for the development of sectoral specialization of the regional economy, which is a constitutive factor in the economic arrangement of the country's economy, as well as to substantiate measures to improve the system of stimulating the economic orientation of the country's regions. The article substantiates the assertion that industry specialization, the positive value of which is substantiated by the classics of economic science, does not lead to the sustainable development of regions under any circumstances, and determines the conditions under which the desired effect can be achieved. The analysis and evaluation of the existing regulatory and legal support of the spatial arrangement of the country in the processes of development and implementation of long-term programs of socio-economic development are carried out. It has been established that the existing regulatory and legal provisions contribute to the weak performance of one of the main functions of public administration – the revival of the social environment with healthy market relations; The economic orientation of the regions is achieved by non-market imperative methods of regulating the narrowed composition of the branches of specialization, which is due to a deformed understanding of the essence of the fundamental foundations of the economic orientation of the regions. Negatives are also identified, which are also due to the imperfection of the regulatory and legal support of industry specialization, among which the determinants of negative factors are: a break in the mutually conditioning relationship between economic and social development, a slowdown in the development of relatively economically prosperous regions and the preservation of the state of a permanent increase in the backwardness of the regions of the economically peripheral part of Russia, aggravation of the problem unemployment in labor-surplus regions. A list of causal negative factors and threats to the preservation of social stability at the regional and national levels is given, and measures to prevent them are identified. Measures of revision and improvement of the entire system of normative legal acts according to the criteria for ensuring sustainable interrelated social and economic development are proposed.

Теории современного предприятия: новые направления развития

The article is devoted to the formation of new directions of development of the theory of modern enterprise as a complex system in the context of the currently developing process of formation of a socio-economic model based on nooprincipes. The author shows the key features of the development of alternative directions for the study of its economic activity, which are associated with the competition of valueneutral and value-oriented approaches, as well as the systemic flaws inherent in these approaches, which are generated by the exogenous interpretation of collective phenomena (organizational values, institutions, etc.). Based factors in the development of which are knowledge and knowledge-intensive production, it is proposed to use a research approach that takes into account the intersubjective nature of economic processes, the diversity of economic motives of subjects and the importance of coordinating the value and economic orientations of all interested parties. This approach is focused on expanding the problem field of research of modern enterprise and radiation endogenous mechanisms for increasing competitiveness based on the analysis of the features of the value-economic compromise that has developed in the enterprise, which acts as a system-forming basis for the creation of informal norms and formal rules that form incentives and coercive motivations for economic activity. In this regard, it becomes possible construction of institutional links between the internal and external environment, corresponding to the challenges of the changing technical and economic paradigm, based on maintaining a balance of interests of all stakeholders.

On the need to improve the operational search activities of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation n combating organized crime of an economic orientation in the field of illegal use of wood

On the need to improve the operational search activities of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation n combating organized crime of an economic orientation in the field of illegal use of wood

Effective Extension Sustainability in the face of COVID-19 Pandemic in Smallholder Agricultural Markets

Abstract: The effects of COVID-19 have tested and crushed the earlier achievement in sustaining the agricultural and extension delivery system globally. COVID-19 has pressed a reset panel on the extension services more especially among the smallholder farmers who are already underprivileged. Specifically, this review paper aims to analyse studies on the sustainability of agricultural extension delivery systems in face of the COVID-19 crisis. The various theories and factors advanced in discussing sustainable agricultural extension delivery systems, and how they contribute to improved production and productivity to end poverty have been addressed. The COVID-19 mitigation strategies and their effect on agricultural extension sustainability have been laid bare. No single sustainability theory can explain how COVID-19 has disrupted the extension delivery systems. The service providers and farmers have had their effects differently, and all players have followed mitigation to the best of their knowledge. Extension delivery has undergone numerous modifications over the years to better meet the demands of farmers and the changing nature of the markets in which they operate. In order to provide effective service delivery and outcomes to farmers, collective involvement of various stakeholders is necessary since no single player can achieve effective extension sustainability alone due to the diverse nature of the challenges, which are mainly influenced by factors such as geographical location, poverty, and social status among others. Therefore, appropriate approaches should be selected based on the needs of farmers and the market dynamics of a specific economic orientation in a given area. We conclude that effective and sustainable extension delivery systems require many combined theories, support functions, formal and informal rules, and regulations involving all extension-based stakeholders. Keywords: Sustainability, COVID-19, smallholder farmers, agricultural market systems, extension services

THESAURUS-I OF THE SECONDARY LANGUAGE PERSONALITY REPRESENTED IN THE ECONOMIC TEXTS IN ENGLISH

This article is devoted to the study of the verbal-semantic level (Thesaurus-I) of the secondary linguistic personality based on the analysis of texts on economic and financial topics. 8 texts (17,348 words, 97,712 characters, 132 minutes 36 seconds), which are transcripts of a monologue public speech by non-native English speakers at a TED conference, and 10 texts (19,227 words, 110,133 characters, 125 minutes 44 seconds), which are transcripts of native English speakers’ speeches, are served as the material for this study. The paper presents the results of a statistical analysis of the use of words frequency, proving the fact that Thesaurus-I of the secondary linguistic personality under analysis corresponds to the verbal-semantic level of native speakers. Further, the results of a statistical analysis of the use of Word Classes frequency are given indicating that the analyzed texts are a reflection of the real English language picture of the world. In addition, a thesaurus of English texts of an economic orientation has been built and analyzed, which allows describing the main characteristics of an English language picture of the world fragment, verbalized in texts of an economic orientation, and highlighting its inherent archetypes.

Depression and repression: Global capitalism, economic crisis and penal politics in interwar Greece

Notwithstanding the significant advances made over the last twenty years in terms of charting and explaining the ways in which state punishment is influenced by economic and political forces, little is still known about the penal effects of conditions of economic crisis and about the role the incumbent government's political orientation plays in this regard. Because the few available studies on these questions have been preoccupied with the Anglo-American sphere and only in the context of recent decades at that, even less is known either about the implications that different types or experiences of economic crisis carry for state punishment, or about the influence exerted in this respect by government political orientations other than those found in established democracies. Irrespective of geographical or temporal scope, moreover, the impact that different extranational factors and actors may have in terms of economic, political or directly penal matters domestically remains poorly understood. With a view to helping fill these gaps in the literature, this article explores the effects on state punishment that economic crisis and government political orientation had in interaction with one another in the context of interwar Greece. Attention is first paid to various ways in which global capitalism was decisive in creating within Greece an environment conducive to increased punitiveness on the part of the state. The focus is on the economic, social and political consequences of the Wall Street crash of 1929 and Britain's exit from the gold standard in 1931, as these were exacerbated by Greece's long-term exposure to predatory lending, speculative investing and external interference in her domestic affairs in the context of engaging international capital markets. The article then proceeds to discuss how the Liberal government of 1928–1932 sought to handle the situation, particularly the approach it took towards punishment.

Explaining the educational divide in electoral behaviour: testing direct and indirect effects from British elections and referendums 2016–2019

ABSTRACT An educational divide has become apparent in Western democratic politics. Our understanding of why this divide has emerged remains limited as existing studies have not utilized mediation methodologies, which allow detailed examination of how education’s shaping effect on electoral behaviour is transmitted. This study addresses this gap in knowledge – providing a more complete picture of why modern British politics divide along educational lines. It applies the Karlson–Holm–Breen method to British Election Study data to explore firstly, what proportion of education’s total effect on vote choices, cast in the 2016 referendum, 2017 and 2019 General Elections, was transmitted indirectly, and secondly, the relative contribution of economic orientations, cultural attitudes and political cue-taking behaviours as drivers of this divide. Findings show 67–91% of education’s total effect on vote choices was transmitted indirectly and crucially, that vote choices divided along educational lines largely because educational groups exhibited divergent economic orientations, cultural attitudes and cue-taking behaviours. Results also highlight that educational division(s) in the referendum and General Election voting were driven by different mechanisms.

THE SPECIFICS OF PROCESSING TEXTS OF SCIENTIFIC STYLE OF ECONOMIC ORIENTATION

he article describes the methods and techniques of processing texts of scientific style of economic orientation, their analysis in practical classes on the Ukrainian language (for professional purposes). Attention is paid to the main language levels of modern Ukrainian literary language: lexical, grammatical, spelling, punctuation. The methodological basis of the study are the following approaches: system-chronological, culturological, axiological, comparative, retrospective, didactic. These approaches are based on a set of methodological principles, including: dialectical, systematic, historicism, chronological, personalized. The set of research methods is used in the work: general scientific, historical-pedagogical and special-historical. As a result of processing texts of scientific-educational and popular science backgrounds in practical classes on the Ukrainian language (professionally), analysis of lexical, grammatical, spelling, punctuation levels, writing a bibliographic description of sources contributes to the realization of higher education students that the purpose of scientific style texts – systematization, knowledge of the world, notification of research results, proof of theories, substantiation of hypotheses, classifications, explanation of phenomena, systematization of knowledge, presentation of material, presentation of scientific data to society. In the conclusions it is noted that during the analysis of texts of scientific style of economic orientation the applicants made conclusions: abstract vocabulary, a large number of terms, scientific phraseology (stable terminological phrases), unambiguous common vocabulary, impersonality, impersonality of syntax, absence of all that would indicate the identity of the author, his preferences. In the perspective of further research, it is possible to clarify and expand the issues covered in our study.

Toward understanding Convergence and Divergence: Inter-ocular testing of traditional philosophies, economic orientation, and religiosity/spirituality

This study brings together three institutional pillars that represent values in four East Asian societies – China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam – traditional philosophies, economic orientation, and religiosity/spirituality – where previous literature examined these values domains separately and independently. In the process, we challenge the more traditional approaches to measuring values, and testing for differences and similarities among cultural groups. Personal values, by definition, are important influences on behaviour, but some values are more important than others. The appropriate measure for relative influence is an ipsative measure rather than a normative measure, such as a Likert scale. Contrary to conclusions drawn from null-hypothesis significance tests, we show that the four societies have similar perceptions of Capitalism and Modernization, and have small differences on most other dimensions. We show that measures of effect size and “inter-ocular testing” (looking at the data) produce more nuanced interpretations of divergence and convergence in the Confucian Orbit.

How can Iranian farmers’ attitudes toward environmental conservation be influenced?

Environmental attitudes can influence people decision making process towards environmental protection and it is an important factor to improve environmental behaviors. The current research aimed to determine effects of economic orientation, environmental awareness, environmental concern and ethical commitment on Iranian farmers’ attitude toward environment conservation. A survey of 400 farmers in Bahar County, in Hamedan Province, Iran, selected through a multistage stratified random sampling method. Data was gathered using a questionnaire which its validity and reliability were confirmed by a panel of agricultural and environmental experts and calculated Cronbach's alpha (0.74 ≤ α ≤ 0.80), respectively. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) to evaluate the strength of relationship between the constructs and test the overall model fit. Results of the study showed that economic orientation positively influenced the farmers' attitude toward environment conservation. Also, environmental awareness, environmental ethical commitment and environmental concern had a significant and positive effect on farmers’ environmental attitude. It can be concluded that economic factors besides psychological and social factors are able to improve farmers’ attitude to conserve environment responsibly.

Fictional Commodities: Victorian Utopian Fiction and Polanyi’s Great Transformation

Abstract We use Karl Polanyi’s Great Transformation thesis to argue that Victorian novelists used the utopian genre to articulate visions of humanity’s new economic and political orientation, specifically the rise of the market society. We examine three novels: Edward Bulwer-Lytton’s The Coming Race (1871), Samuel Butler’s Erewhon (1872), and William Morris’s News from Nowhere (1890). But the “great big beautiful tomorrows” that these novels envision cannot distance themselves from industrial capitalism, despite their criticisms of it. In these novels, revolutions may eliminate industrial labor, but they result in dependency on highly advanced machines or reversion to a preindustrial state. We argue that these novels indirectly prefigure Polanyi’s theory of double movement, which results in the development of what we know today as the neoliberal state.

Determination of the quality of life of society by the ecological and economic orientation of the individual's personality

Recently, the issues of balanced ecological and economic development of society, which consists in the co-evolution of natural and production systems in favorable, effective and safe directions, which will ensure economic well-being along with high-quality living conditions and human health, have become increasingly acute. The purpose of the presented study is to substantiate the model of the formation of the ecological and economic orientation of an individual's personality as a key determinant of improving the quality of life and a fundamental condition for a balanced ecological and economic development of society. The methodological basis of the research was formed by the dialectical approach, the transition from the initial theoretical abstractions of ecological and economic development options to a single co-evolving trajectory is being carried out; an acmeological approach that carries out comprehensive research, observation or restoration of the integrity of a person, thereby making it possible to comprehend the core basis of the formation of an ecological and economic orientation of a person; an axiological approach that reveals the specifics of the formation of ecological and economic value orientations that are capable of adequately reflecting the ongoing changes in society; the use of the modeling method made it possible to design a universal and stable model of the formation of an ecological and economic orientation of a person. The contradictions that arise in the process of co-evolution of the natural and industrial spheres require the development of a model for the formation of the ecological and economic orientation of the individual, universal and admissible for various types of social and professional activity. The introduction of the developed model into practice will expand the possibilities for the interiorization of new ecological and economic value orientations, taking into account the fluctuating nature of the ongoing changes, but at the same time, determine our own possibilities for regulating and stabilizing the state of the modern ecological and economic crisis. The ecological and economic orientation of the individual, due to environmental and economic values, is the fundamental basis for the coming positive changes in the development of society and the improvement of the quality and level of its life.

FINANCIAL MODELING: PROBABILITY THEORETIC APPROACHES

Background. A large number of significant socio-economic events occur under the influence of unique factors. Formal application of probabilistic and statistical methods in such cases leads to analytical conclusions without sufficient scientific justification. Financial modeling reflects modern approaches to the probability interpretation, provides introduction and systematization of risk indicators, and the necessity of improving theoretical and probabilistic disciplines of economic orientation. Analysis of recent research and publications has shown that despite significant investigations, financial modeling is not theoretically complete scientific direction in terms of economic risk indicators and derivative characteristics, important scientific and practical problems remain unresolved in the analysis of socio-economic phenomena in unce­rtainty and implementation of modern achievements of scientists to the process. The aim of the article is to study theoretical and probabilistic concepts of socio-economic processes in conditions of uncertainty and uniqueness based on the financial modeling methods. Materials and methods. Analytical and statistical methods, methods of mathematical statistics and probability theory are used in the research process. Information database is data from trading sessions of world stock markets. Results. Theoretical and probabilistic concepts, including interpretations of probability and risk are considered through formalization of the analysis process by the subject of the socio-economic phenomenon in conditions of uncertainty. Models of typical stationary, dynamic, parity and dominant lotteries with introduced risk indicators are built. Risk is interpreted as the ratio of negative and favorable factors of the phenomenon information background. Relevant indicators are illustrated and calculated using various socio-economic and financial cases. Subjective-probabilistic modeling (SPM) in relation to decision-making in the financial market is studied as the development of Bayesian subjectivism. It has been shown that group consensus SPM-assessments of risk generate specific derivative financial instruments such as binary options, index derivatives, crypto-assets, etc. Conclusion. The results of the study showed the application effectiveness of financial modeling methods of risks assessment in financial markets, the prospects of relevant development in the field of financial engineering. Teaching economic disciplines, which are based on theoretical and probabilistic postulates, statistical and analytical-statistical procedures for calculating probabilistic indicators (probability, risk, prevention regulations, etc.), requires significant addition using the introduction of new methods of information analysis of social background, financial sphere to determine the optimal direction of development and investment activities. Keywords: risk ratio, probability interpretation, binary options, financial modeling, high-risk financial markets, subjective-probabilistic modeling.