Economic Nexus Research Articles

Sustainability Assessment of Geotourism Consumption Based on Energy–Water–Waste–Economic Nexus: Evidence from Zhangye Danxia National Geopark

Sustainability Assessment of Geotourism Consumption Based on Energy–Water–Waste–Economic Nexus: Evidence from Zhangye Danxia National Geopark

The 50-year-old Oil Crisis and its Impact on the Global Economy: A Bibliometric Analysis

The world faced different crises, several times, in the last five decades. The COVID-19 pandemic, debt crisis and oil bubble were the most important crises among them. During the crisis, the main financial driving factor was the oil price which transmitted an alarming hit to other economic nexus factors. The objective of this paper was to find out the crisis period, caused by crude oil and its eventuality in different markets’ historical plots. Scopus data represent 605 studies, using the bibliometrix R tool, about crude oil and related crises. Within the context of the contemporary scientific literature, the most significant authors, publications, and research institutions were included in this paper. In the context of the most recent scientific literature, the most significant authors, publications, and research institutions were identified and the relevance of their contributions was established. This research employed disaggregated sectoral analysis and mechanistic analysis on grounded theory, which included moderation analysis. Finally, this bibliometric analysis tried to locate roadblocks in the current literature as well as indicate new directions for investigation.

Coup d'état and economic growth in Turkey: Evidence from ARDL bounds testing procedure

In seven decades of the multiparty democracy period, Turkey has experienced four military coups. Even though the coups are thought to be a cold war phenomenon in the literature, they are still relevant. The failed coup attempt in 2016 reminds us that the military coup is still a critical issue in Turkish democracy and the economy. Interestingly, there is not an adequate amount of empirical research on the political economy of Turkey?s military coup experience. This study?s motivation is to provide empirical evidence for the economic growth-coup nexus literature with a core focus on Turkey, which is a remarkable case in many aspects. For this purpose, we extend an open-economy Cobb-Douglas production function with coups and use the autoregressive distributed lags (ARDL) method for the period 1950 to 2014. According to the study?s empirical findings, coup d??tats negatively affect real GDP in Turkey. Through structural reforms, Turkey should strengthen its democratic institutions to prevent such antidemocratic attempts.

Unveiling the Environmental–Economic Nexus: Cointegration and Causality Analysis of Air Pollution and Growth in Oman

The complex relationship between environmental degradation—more especially, air pollution—and economic growth in the Sultanate of Oman between 1990 and 2022 is examined in this article. To identify short- and long-term dynamics in the relationship between air pollution and economic growth, we use vector error correction models and cointegration. Additionally, Granger causality analysis is used to look into the causal relationships between these important variables. This dataset includes several control variables as well as environmental quality-related factors. The empirical findings demonstrate that the variables have a consistent long-term cointegration relationship. Furthermore, our results show that energy consumption and economic growth have a statistically significant positive effect on CO2 emissions. Moreover, an annual adjustment of about 14.1% in N2O emission disequilibrium is revealed by the short-term analysis. The Granger causality study shows that there are unidirectional causal linkages between CO2 emissions, economic growth, and N2O emissions. These results have significant policy-related ramifications for Oman. Oman has to implement strong climate change policies in order to effectively cut greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, as a potential replacement for conventional oil and gas resources, the government can be a key player in promoting and supporting the use of renewable energy sources like green hydrogen.

The Economic Nexus between Energy, Water Consumption, and Food Production in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The goal of this study was to look at the economic relationship between energy, water use, and plant and animal food production in Saudi Arabia from 1995 to 2020. The results showed that about 55.5%, 82.4%, and 2.5% of changes in the index of plant and animal food production were related to changes in the consumption of water, electricity, and diesel, respectively, using an econometric analysis and the partial correlation coefficient of the second order. The proposed model demonstrated that a 10% change in predicted water, power, or fuel consumption resulted in a 1.97%, 2.78%, and 0.73% change in the index of plant and animal food production, respectively. In light of the Green Middle East Initiative, which intended to minimize carbon emissions, and Saudi agriculture’s goal of rationalizing water use, the country’s total consumption does not exceed 8 billion m3 of renewable groundwater. This is intended to reduce the use of fuel and increase the use of electricity in the agricultural sector. This rationalizing water consumption, reducing diesel consumption, and expanding electricity consumption affects the production of plant and animal food. In light of the strong interdependence between water, energy, and food production, the agricultural policy has become necessary to increase the amount supplied or available for water to be used in food production, in addition to expanding the production of clean energy and its use in the agricultural sector.

The regional consequence of a disaster: Assessing employment transition during economic recovery

Orientation: Large-scale events such as disasters, wars and pandemics disrupt the economy by diverging resource allocation, which could alter employment growth within the economy during recovery.Research purpose: The literature on the disaster–economic nexus predominantly considers the aggregate performance of the economy, including the stimulus injection. This research assesses the employment transition following a disaster by removing this stimulus injection and evaluating the economy’s performance during recovery.Motivation for the study: The underlying economy’s performance without the stimulus’ benefit remains primarily unanswered. A single disaster event is used to assess the employment transition to guide future stimulus response for disasters.Research approach/design and method: Canterbury, New Zealand, was affected by a series of earthquakes in 2010–2011 and is used as a single case study. Applying the historical construction–economic relationship, a counterfactual level of economic activity is quantified and compared with official results. Using an input–output model to remove the economy-wide impact from the elevated activity reveals the performance of the underlying economy and employment transition during recovery.Main findings: The results indicate a return to a demand-driven level of building activity 10 years after the disaster. Employment transition is characterised by two distinct periods. The first 5 years are stimulus-driven, while the 5 years that follow are demand-driven from the underlying economy. After the initial period of elevated building activity, construction repositioned to its long-term level near 5% of value add.Practical/managerial implications: The level of building activity could be used to confidently assess the performance of regional economies following a destructive disaster. The study results argue for an incentive to redevelop the affected area as quickly as possible to mitigate the negative effect of the destruction and provide a stimulus for the economy.Contribution/value-add: This study contributes to a growing stream of regional disaster economics research that assesses the economic effect using a single case study.

The Effect of Economic Nexus on Retail Competition

The Effect of Economic Nexus on Retail Competition

Economies of Ancient Mediterranean Religion: Symbolic, Communicative and Spatial Terms of Religious Production and Consumption

Attempts to analyse the financing of religious institutions and the ‘economy of religion’ in terms of homo economicus and rational choice theory have repeatedly been addressed and criticised. As regards antiquity, the major focus of such studies has been the economic nexus implied by sacrificial consumption, or, to a smaller extent, on exotic requisites for more elaborate rituals such as spectacles. This article briefly reviews these issues, but takes a fundamentally different approach, starting from the issues of religious agency, lived ancient religion and the urban setting of much of what we can represent as religion in the ancient world. I argue that ancient religion involves three different sorts of ‘economy’ that are incompatible with the notion of ‘balance sheet’ and cannot be represented meaningfully in monetary terms, namely the symbolic or political economy of religion, the economy of religious communication and the economy of space.

The digital blender: conceptualizing the political economic nexus of digital technologies and authoritarian practices

ABSTRACT This article develops the concept of the digital blender to comprehensively address the extent to which digital technologies further authoritarian practices and power beyond the state. By focusing on the primarily commercial nature of digital technologies, and their reciprocal transformational political economic embeddedness, the digital blender allows to highlight the role of private companies in enabling practices that are detrimental to democratic values and processes, irrespective of the formal regime-type context of a given polity, and less confined by national borders. While previous discussions primarily focus on digital technologies as mere tools at the discretion of their master, this relational perspective allows for the incorporation of transnational non-state actors and dynamics in constituting and contesting manifestations of authoritarian power beyond the state. These dynamics will be illustrated and discussed in light of insights into recent incidents involving companies such as Cambridge Analytica, Meta Platforms Inc., and the NSO Group.

The Role of Economy in Right-wing Populism: Two Differing Approaches

Populism has been one of the concepts that attract conflicting opinions from scholars. These debates revolve around many different aspects such as who votes for populist parties, what constitutes a populist leader, which institutional factors help populist parties come to power, and even on how populism should be defined. This conflicting opinion then matters for social scientists since differing opinions about the question of what populism is would then lead to different research and different results. This article analyzes the two different populism definitions: Populism as an ideology, and populism as a discursive style and shows how two definitions yield different results in explaining the economic nexus that drives populist parties. This article shows two seminal works on populism literature; Cas Mudde, and Norris and Inglehart have differing opinions on the economic reasoning behind populist parties solely because of the definitions they attribute to populism.

Pluralism in EIA practice: A Q-method analysis of the economic growth-environment nexus

ABSTRACT The economic growth-environment nexus explores the relationship between economic growth, as understood in the neoclassical free market or neoliberalism economic theory context, and its implications for the environment. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is considered one of the most successful environmental policy instruments to deal with the consideration of environmental implications of development decisions. Because the economic growth-environment nexus is central to discourses in EIA it is helpful to gain an improved understanding of different perspectives manifesting and influencing EIA practice. This paper aims to identify pluralism in perspectives on the economic growth-environment nexus in EIA practice. This is achieved by applying the Q-method to EIA practice in South Africa and involve the sorting of 36 statements by 16 respondents. The results show pluralism and distinct patterning with four key perspectives emerging namely: the deontological perspective, neoliberal progression, EIA polarisation and new conservationist perspective. We hope this research contributes towards a growing understanding of how different perspectives on the economic growth-environment nexus might influence EIA practice and decision making.

US-China Strategic Competition and Converging Middle Power Cooperation in the Indo-Pacific

The 21st century’s central economic nexus will be centred on the Indo-Pacific region. Simultaneously, the intensifying US-China competition in the Indo-Pacific is deepening. Regional middle powers must negotiate this competition to ensure their interests remain intact. This article applies a realist framework to analyse the strategic alignment of Australia, Japan, and India in response to the great power competition. It examines the strategy each middle power is pursuing to protect their interests and the motivations behind their approaches. It finds a convergence in middle power interests centred on maritime behaviour, adherence to international law, and investment in regional institutions.

The Illusory Promise of Economic Nexus

The economic nexus standard has gained significant support during the last decade as the proper standard for determining the scope of states’ taxing powers under the Dormant Commerce Clause. Unfortunately, however, despite the widespread acceptance of that standard in the abstract, there is no uniform understanding of what economic nexus actually means. State courts that have adopted that standard have generally failed to explain its parameters, and those few courts that have actually addressed the scope of economic nexus have adopted artificially high standards that severely restrict its reach. Actions by state legislatures and revenue authorities have been much the same. Uncertainty reigns, yet those disparate approaches to the same constitutional standard have yet to receive scholarly attention. This Article seeks to fill that void by analyzing state actions in this area and by evaluating how states’ different formulations for economic nexus will likely develop over time. Such an analysis shows that states’ economic nexus formulations have little theoretical or jurisprudential grounding and will necessarily change and deteriorate over time. As a result, states’ actions in this area will be non-uniform and will maintain the significant uncertainty that currently exists. Federal attention to economic nexus is thus warranted to prevent state actions from undermining the goals of the Dormant Commerce Clause. This Article analyzes several potential federal responses and concludes that Congress should intervene and adopt a federal factor nexus standard based on the Multistate Tax Commission’s model formulation.

From Motorcycle to Tricycle: Neoliberal Political Economy, Informal Transportation, and Urban/Peri-Urban Mobility in Nigerian Cities

Abstract In most African states informal motorcycle transportation is a popular means of urban and semi-urban mobility. While studies have examined the transportation–economic development nexus, the political economy of the ban of motorcycles and shift from informal commercial motorcycle to tricycle operation for urban/peri-urban mobility in Nigeria has been grossly neglected in academic discourses. Using a qualitative approach and neoliberal political economy framework, this study investigates how the ban of commercial motorcycles and their replacement with commercial tricycles have impacted urban/peri-urban mobility in Nigerian cities. Contrary to the expectation that replacing motorcycles with tricycles would increase the vulnerability of the majority of informal transport operators and constrain transportation of urban/peri-urban poor without personal/private means of mobility, the replacement has facilitated the development of road infrastructure, reduced road crashes, minimized motorcycle induced crimes, and improved the income of informal transport operators in Nigerian cities. The study concludes that sustainable use of commercial tricycles for urban and peri-urban transportation is relevant for achieving organized and safe informal commercial transportation in Nigeria and other less-developed countries.

A Life Cycle Assessment of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers for Coffee Production to Evaluate Sustainability toward the Energy–Environment–Economic Nexus in Indonesia

Coffee is an important agricultural commodity that is branded according to its environmental criteria in the global market. Therefore, Indonesia’s coffee production system needs to be investigated to meet the demand for eco-labeling, which has become a consumer preference. This study aims to assess the comprehensive sustainability evaluation of coffee production nurtured by an organic fertilizing system (OFS), chemical-organic fertilizing system (COFS), and chemical fertilizing system (CFS) that focuses on the energy–environment–economic nexus. A life cycle assessment (LCA), life cycle cost analysis (LCC), and energy analysis were performed as methods to evaluate the environmental impact, economic performance, and energy requirement analysis. The results indicated that the OFS had superior performance in two sustainability aspects: resulting in the lowest environmental damage and generating the highest economic benefit. Simultaneously, COFS shows the highest sustainability performance as it consumes the least energy. In contrast, CFS indicated the lowest sustainability performance in all aspects: highest environmental impact, lowest economic benefit, and highest energy consumption. Therefore, OFS is strongly recommended to be applied broadly, considering its environmental and economic superiority. Consequently, massive OFS application was followed by higher energy consumption. Alternatively, COFS can be considered for application due to its higher energy performance, even though it can potentially result in higher environmental damage and lower economic benefit. However, the government should explicitly provide some effort for the broad application of OFS in financial and assistance support since the shifting process needs more time to adapt.

Economic policy uncertainty and tourism nexus: time and frequency approaches

ABSTRACT This paper provides the relationship between Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) and international tourism activities in the BRIC countries (i.e. Brazil, Russia, India and China). The researchers used continuous wavelets, wavelet coherence and wavelet phase-difference based on Granger causality analysis to investigate the relationship between EPU and tourism activities using the annual data. The findings show that there is a unidirectional causal influence of EPU on international tourism arrivals (ITA) in the short run and mid run for Brazil. In addition, there is a bi-directional causal influence of EPU on ITA in China and Russia in the long run.

Assessment of the water–energy–carbon nexus in energy systems: A multi-objective approach

This paper addresses the importance of thermal storage coupled to a combined heat and power systems using a multi-objective optimization approach. A nonlinear programming model is used for defining the size of a combined heat and power unit and thermal storage tank which supply energy utilities to a residential building. Water consumption, direct CO2 emissions generated by fuel consumption as well as global efficiency in energy supply are used as objective functions for addressing the water–energy–carbon nexus. In addition, total annual cost of the system is used for considering the economic performance of the system. Utopia tracking approach is used for defining a normalized approach for conducting an assessment of the economic–nexus performance. Results show the influence of thermal storage in reducing water consumption (15.5%) and emissions (67.5%) as well as improving efficiency (75%) of the system. The multi-objective analysis provides a systematic metric for the assessment of nexus, as well as a strategy for reaching trade-offs among the elements considered as part of the nexus and for identifying system performance limits for resources consumption.

Inequality and economic development: a test of the feminization hypothesis in selected African countries

This paper examines the gender inequality and economic development nexus for eight selected African countries. Data for the study were collected from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators for the period 1994−2018. The study employs the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag model and an error correction mechanism to ascertain the relationship that exists between the variables of interest. To measure the socio-economic and political status of women in the selected African countries, we focus on the following two indicators: female labor force participation, and the proportion of seats held by women in the national parliament. Our findings are inconsistent for different countries. On one hand, we find that in the long run female labor force participation enhances economic development in the following countries: Botswana, Egypt, and Mauritius. On the other hand, the results reveal that the number of female members in the national parliament and female labor force participation decline with advances in economic development in Tunisia and Gabon. We propose that policies that increase women’s access to higher education, female labor force participation, and women's representation in the political space are imperative for women’s empowerment and economic development in Africa.

ChicagoLand Popcorn®—Examining Online Retailer Nexus Following Wayfair Using Data Visualization and Robotics Process Automation

ABSTRACT Students use data analytics to evaluate fictitious online sales data and explore sales tax nexus standards following South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc. (Wayfair). This case provides instructors flexibility. Students can use Tableau to create visualizations that identify states with sales satisfying nexus standards, applying the Wayfair or multistate standards. Students can use Robotics Process Automation to evaluate whether the company established nexus in a particular state. Instructors can include no tax research or select from several pertinent tax research questions. This case can be used in undergraduate or graduate tax, audit, or AIS courses, from compliance or tax risk perspectives. The learning objectives are to develop students' (1) knowledge of data analytics; (2) knowledge of economic nexus and ability to assess tax law changes' impact on business decisions; (3) research skills; (4) skills specific to data analytics and data visualization in accounting; and (5) effective oral and written communication skills.

Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Performance Nexus in ECOWAS: Does Human Capital Matters?

Human capital is an important channel through which foreign investment impact on economic performance and this has either been neglected or not given adequate attention by researchers. This paper therefore examined the nexus between foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic performance of Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) considering the imperative of human capital channel. A panel of 13 ECOWAS countries from 1980 to 2018 was utilised in a panel cointegration and autoregressive distributed lag estimation. The results indicated that FDI had a positive effect on economic performance of ECOWAS sub-region in the short run, and the effect became significant in the long run. Findings also revealed that human capital hindered the economic performance effect of FDI in ECOWAS, in the short rum and long run through life expectancy, but with a very weak positive impact through education in both time horizons. The paper recommended, amongst others, that ECOWAS as a body and her member nations should establish and entrench policies that would encourage FDI inflow and promote human capital in the sub-region Keywords: foreign direct investment, human capital, economic performance, ECOWAS DOI: 10.7176/RJFA/12-8-07 Publication date: April 30 th 2021