Economic Matters Research Articles

Al-Ghazali's Sufistic Economy Concept; From Homo Islamicus To Economic Progress

Islamic economics is present as a solution to the failure of capitalist and socialist economies in producing prosperity. Islamic economics is a new solution in answering various economic problems. For this reason, it is necessary to have the ability to access Islamic economic thought, especially from previous scholars to answer all existing problems. One such scholar is al-Ghazali. In Islamic economics, al-Ghazali offers a new perspective in the form of a Sufistic economic concept. This research is library research (library research) and is qualitative, which is sourced from primary and secondary data, and analyzed using content analysis both descriptively and inductively. The result is that Al-Ghazali no longer sees economic problems only in one field of knowledge, but is compared in various other fields of science to produce a comprehensive solution in which all human economic activity is part of worship to Allah Swt. For this reason, it must produce maslahah and falah in its activities. The state is obliged to play a role in ensuring that all of this is achieved by issuing various policies that help Muslims carry out their religious obligations as well as possible, including in economic matters and economic progress can only be achieved if justice, peace, and stability are fulfilled, in which the state plays an important role. inside it.

The corporate path to green innovation: does the digital economy matter?

As China's digital transformation accelerates, there is growing interest in whether the digital economy can effectively boost green innovation in industrial enterprises and enable China's development to break through the constraints of resources and environment. Therefore, this study analyzes the data of A-share industrial listed enterprises (2011-2020). Results indicate that the digital economy promotes green innovation. The impact of the digital economy on green innovation varies significantly among different types of enterprises, with stronger effects on state-owned enterprises. Digital economy enhances green innovation via boosting public attention and optimizing energy structure. Therefore, playing the role of monitoring public attention, and optimizing energy use are key strategies to promote corporate green innovation.

Policy Approaches to Supporting Sustainable Journalism: An International Comparison of Public Policy Interventions Based on Platform Accountability and Public Expenditure

<p>新聞產業的商業模式因數位平台壟斷、新聞消費行為改變與廣告收入減少而崩壞。這不僅是新聞業生存的經濟問題，更是攸關民主正當性的政治問題。本文認為，僅靠新聞業自身的數位創新與轉型無法解決這個危機，政府必須透過公共政策介入。本文提出兩種解決途徑：平台問責與公共預算。除了進行跨國比較外，本文還評估這兩種途徑各自的方案，分析優劣，並探討跨國實踐經驗對臺灣新聞政策的啟示。</p> <p> </p><p>The collapse of the news industry’s business model is due to the monopolization of digital platforms, changes in news consumption behavior, and a reduction in advertising revenue. This is not only an economic matter concerning the survival of the news industry, but also a political matter concerning the legitimacy of democracy. This paper argues that the crisis in the news industry cannot be resolved solely through digital innovation and transformation, but instead that urgent government intervention through appropriate public policy measures is required. This paper also proposes two solutions to the crisis: platform accountability and public expenditure. In addition to conducting international comparisons, this article evaluates the various options contained in each solution, analyzes their advantages and disadvantages, and discusses the implications of international practices and experience for Taiwan’s journalism policy.</p> <p> </p>

Civilizational Myth and Class Politics

Abstract What is the connection between class and race? Socialist revolutionaries in early twentieth-century Russia engaged with this question in their political essays. The imperial partition of China and the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway made the China question one of the most topical issues in Russia. This article examines Lenin’s essays on China in which he criticizes racist ideas popular in Russia and Europe. By comparing his essays with other Russian political commentaries on China, this article argues that Lenin views racism as a matter of political economy and global class politics. On the one hand, the myth of racial rivalry and clash of civilizations veils class struggle. On the other, racial and ethnic issues complicate class politics. Lenin’s critique of racism elaborated in the discussion of wars and revolutions in China is not a dogmatic extension of Marx, but directly addresses the transnational migration, geopolitical tension, and intellectual network.

MEMBANGUN BADAN USAHA MILIK SEKOLAH DI SD MUHAMMADIYAH DENPASAR

This community service report aims to socialize the need for School-Owned Enterprises (BUMS) as an alternative source of funding for education units. Each school does have the opportunity to get funding from the government and local government, as well as the community, but in reality the education unit operates the education budget roughly. Therefore, education units need to find alternative sources of education funding. One way is to establish a School-Owned Enterprise. This BUMS is the same position as State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in the central government, Regional Owned Enterprises (BUMD) for provincial, district and city governments, and Village-Owned Enterprises (BumDes). The recommended BUMS can be PT, CV or Cooperative. But among the three economic institutions, cooperative is the most suitable for schools. Because, in cooperatives it is not only an economic matter, but in it there is a spirit of mutual assistance, and the spirit of education. BUMS is a manifestation of the creativity of education units under the responsibility of school principals, in addition to educational issues. All BUMS activities are the full responsibility of the principal. However, BUMS is carried out according to the rhythm of the business world, so that this institution is purely a professional economic institution

Economic geography for and by whom? Rethinking expertise and accountability

This commentary builds on Doreen Massey's thinking on the economy and relationality to ask: who gets to produce economic knowledge and whose lives does research make visible as economic matters of concern? These questions have been thrown into sharp relief as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. While the pandemic has highlighted the need for better infrastructures of care, it has also demonstrated that the mission of ‘saving the economy’ from the ravages of COVID-19 has not centred the concerns of those who have experienced the crisis most acutely. Drawing inspiration from the various economic subjects who continue to make, re-make, and articulate the economy through regular shocks and crises – workers, caregivers, and people marginalized by identity or geography – this commentary makes a case for a public economic geography that rethinks who is taken seriously as an ‘expert’ on the economy, and to what publics the field speaks. This, at its heart, is a radical rethinking of accountability, calling on economic geographers to ask: what should research do for whom, and how?

Legislative Controls Securing Electronic Payment Systems

Generally, money is the backbone of economy, essential for stability of countries, and a token for the national Sovereignty. Historically, coinage was the process by which countries were confirming their Sovereignty that they kept protecting it and used the coins as acceptable method for transactions. In the modern age with the far-reaching technological development, the digital payment has become widely acceptable and commonly used thereby the sort of security required has alo changed. Many countries enacted new laws to enhance security of the electronic payments, particularly with the increased risks of cyber attacks on the national economies in addition to recent pandemic and military tensions witnessed by the world.Therefore, securing the electronic payment is a matter of national economy due to its influence on the Citizenery’s trust in the electronic transactions and the government is responsible to make it secure through the central bank. Considering this perceived importance, the authors addressed in the current study the legal mechanisms to secure the electronic payment systems.

Kecerdasan Intelektual Terhadap Keharmonisan Rumah Tangga di Kelurahan Tegal Sari III Kecamatan Medan Area

Intellectual intelligence is one of the main factors in society in building household harmony. The community in Tegal Sari III Subdistrict, Medan Area District, shows that the intellectual intelligence factors for household harmony are inseparable from the existence of faith in each partner so that the better the relationship with Allah SWT, the calmer and more confident in dealing with existing problems, understanding each other. partners, helping each other in economic matters, making commitments made with partners, for example, loyalty, honesty, and openness, and sincerity to accept the weaknesses and strengths of their partners. After conducting research, this research focuses on Intellectual Intelligence on Household Harmony in Tegal Sari III Village, Medan Area District. Intellectual intelligence becomes quite an interesting conversation, especially with regard to household harmony. A harmonious household is everyone's dream, but creating a harmonious household is not an easy thing, because it requires intellectual intelligence. Intellectual abilities are also based on a person's capability to act purposefully, think meaningfully, and be able to interact efficiently with their environment. So that intellectual intelligence becomes one of the important roles for household harmony. The method used in this study is the method of observation, documentation and interviews. Research data were analyzed using descriptive analysis method. which includes: data collection, data filtering, data classification drawing conclusions.

Towards inclusive green growth: does digital economy matter?

In this decade, China has been pursuing an inclusive green growth strategy. Concurrently, the digital economy, which relies on the Internet of Things, big data, and artificial intelligence, has experienced explosive growth in China. The digital economy's capacity to optimize resource allocation and reduce energy consumption potentially makes it a conducive channel towards sustainability. Using the panel data of 281 cities in China from 2011 to 2020, we theoretically and empirically explore the impact of the digital economy on inclusive green growth. Firstly, we theoretically analyze the potential impact of the digital economy on inclusive green growth using two hypotheses: accelerating green innovation and promoting the industrial upgrading effect. Subsequently, we measure the digital economy and inclusive green growth of Chinese cities using Entropy-TOPSIS and DEA approaches, respectively. Then, we apply traditional econometric estimation models and machine learning algorithms to our empirical analysis. The results show that China's high-powered digital economy significantly promotes inclusive green growth. Moreover, we analyze the internal mechanisms behind this impact. We find that innovation and industrial upgrading are two plausible channels that explain this effect. Additionally, we document a nonlinear feature of diminishing marginal effects between the digital economy and inclusive green growth. The heterogeneity analysis shows that the contribution weight of the digital economy to inclusive green growth is more remarkable in eastern region cities, large and medium-sized cities, and cities with high marketization. Overall, these findings shed more light on the digital economy-inclusive green growth nexus and provide new insights into understanding the real effects of the digital economy on sustainable development.

Thinking About Globalizaton as an Integration Process

For a long time, many studies have been involved with the globalization research among academia, business practitioners, and policy analysts. It is highly controversial on what globalization is about. Scholars and experts explore globalization from a variety of perspectives with an emphasis on business and economic matters. Many recognize that it was complex of examining globalization. Based on the literature reviewed, this study aims at discussing the globalization as an ongoing integration process. By taking an interdisciplinary approach, the article seeks for clarifying the concept of globalization. It is to examine globalization from a globalizing process. The study concludes that globalization is an ongoing process of globalizing culture, economy, and institution towards a global integration.

ASEAN CHALLENGES TOWARD SUPRANATIONAL ORGANIZATION

ASEAN has remained an intergovernmental organization based on consensus and non-interference in domestic affairs since its first establishment in 1957. Progress towards integration in this region has been slow. After facing criticism for its weak response to the Asian financial crisis, ASEAN decided to step up cooperation by forming ASEAN Community in 2015, a community based on three pillars: economic, political-security, and socio-cultural. ASEAN community building over many decades has made significant steps for deepening regional economic integration, seen as an approach to supranational integration. Supranational organizations are seen by many as a better way to govern the affairs of nations, prevent conflict and promote cooperation, particularly on economic matters. Because AC indicates ASEAN’s intentions to shift from intergovernmental toward supranational, this research will examine the ASEAN attempt to become a supranational organization. The research method used in this research is a qualitative method with legal and socio-legal approaches that focus on policies and regulations. Social, economic, and political perspectives are also used in this study as an analysis tool. This study found that despite making remarkable developments for deepening economic integration, ASEAN is unlikely to head into a supranational organization due to sovereignty preservation of member states as a basic fundamental principle of organization. However, this study concludes that supranational organizations could still become a reference for ASEAN’s future institutionalization.

Carbon border adjustment mechanism: a systematic literature review of the latest developments

ABSTRACT Carbon border adjustment mechanism aims to level the playing field and reduce carbon leakage through import taxes and/or export subsidies based on the carbon content for products from countries with different levels of carbon policy stringency. The introduction of an EU carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) has triggered a lively debate on its potential impacts, especially among developing countries. In fact, introducing CBAM is not a new idea; researchers in fields of economics and law have investigated this policy over the last decade. Against this backdrop, this study conducts a literature review of the most recent economic studies of CBAM and provides an exhaustive synthesis of this literature. We employ the so-called ‘Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis’ approach (PRISMA), which includes an exhaustive screening of studies. Specifically, we identified 97 relevant studies on CBAM from 2004 to 31 August 2021, and conducted descriptive and content analysis of these. Our content analysis highlights the potential impacts of CBAM in terms of its effectiveness across 3 policy objectives: protecting fair competition; reducing carbon leakage; and limiting global welfare costs. We synthesize findings on how policy design and characteristics of an economy lead to different levels and types of effectiveness of a CBAM, and we contrast alternative policy designs across various objectives. Armed with this systematic review of the literature, we spell out insights and challenges in formulating effective CBAM polices. This review thus offers evidenced-based guidance for the policy design of a CBAM and a foundation for further research. Key policy insights There is no one-size-fits-all approach to design and implement CBAM to tackle competitiveness and carbon leakage; policy design and characteristics of the economy matter. According to the effectiveness of CBAM across the 3 policy objectives, alternative policy designs should account for the coverage of trade, of sector(s), and also the means to determine carbon content of traded commodities, the use of revenues collected through CBAM, and the adjustment price. In formulating sound CBAM policies, competitiveness, carbon leakage and welfare evaluation are central economic concerns; however, consistency with the latest international climate policy architecture and fairness issues should also be addressed.

Economic Aspects in the Book of Al-bilad (the Countries) by Al-Yaqubi (d. 292 A.H.)


 
 
 
 Economy is the backbone of life because of its major role in life’s survival and permanence. Throughout history, man has dealt with money in an unorganized manner that led to attempts of robbery, looting and invasion that most civilizations in history, ancient and modern, went through. in the permanence of society.
 In the third century of Hijrah, the genius of Al-Ya’qubi was a researcher in history and news of countries, and he gave Tanqeeb his right to travel in countries east and west, he entered Persia and extended his stay in Armenia, he entered India and wandered in the Levant, Morocco and Andalusia, he asked the people of the cities about them, about them, their customs, and their settlement And their governments, and about the distances between countries, so if he trusts in their transmission, he proves it in his book. So it bears great effort, hardship, care, and good effort in research and writing.
 According to this importance, most researchers and authors of different ages have touched on economic matters, even if their specializations are not accurate in this field. And plantations and their trade, and other economic aspects that fascinated me to write this research topic.
 
 
 
 
 Hence, this paper examines the purpose of the frequent encouragement to practice genuine deeds, which is a legitimate principle, including that its good effect goes beyond the reach of the mind and offspring, as its practice has an effect on preserving them both in existence and in non-existence.

Protecting Academic Freedom Through Collective Bargaining: An AAUP Perspective

AAUP’s turn to collective bargaining grew out of a more expansive view of unionization than is typical for American labor unions. The mission of the AAUP incorporates addressing economic matters, as does the purpose of unions generally. But the AAUP adopted collective bargaining as a means of protecting and expanding the professional interests of the profession. This paper surveys the various approaches that AAUP chapters have used to accomplish the safeguarding and expansion of academic freedom.

Tradicionalidad discursiva y variación morfosintáctica en la prensa económica de la Ilustración española

Abstract During the second half of the eighteenth century, the consolidation of the periodical press and the circulation of the Enlightenment ideas in Spain led to the creation of a new type of informative discourse that began to deal specifically with economic matters. The Spanish financial press combines at least two types of textual traditions. If, on the one hand, the economic issues evoke the memoirs published by arbitristas and proyectistas in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, their textual organization follows the model of the eighteenth-century periodical press. These diaries constitute a channel for the development of linguistic elaboration processes that took place in the sphere of communicative distance during the formation of early modern Spanish. We have selected two newspapers on this subject, the Semanario Económico and the Correo Mercantil de España y sus Indias, to provide new data about the morphosyntax of Spanish throughout the second half of the eighteenth century. The phenomena analyzed are: §2 the distribution of subjunctive and conditional verbal forms; §3 the pronominal enclysis; §4 the use of the passive and constructions with se; §5 the syntactic structure en + gerund and §6 the relative clauses.

Immigration: An American History by Carl J. Bon Tempo and Hasia R. Diner

In this book, Bon Tempo and Diner provide a readable and expansive survey of U.S. immigration history. Moving briskly from the seventeenth century to the present day, they chart the twists and turns in U.S. immigration patterns, policies, and bureaucracies, as well as in the lives of U.S. immigrants. Along the way, they incorporate many recent, important trends in immigration historiography—including an emphasis on race and racism, on immigrants from all over the world (both women and men), and on its transnational dimensions (notwithstanding the subtitle “American History”). They also dot their narrative with compelling personal stories of varied, lesser-known immigrants—Irish union leader Leonora Barry; Sudanese refugee Achut Deng; Louise Norton, Malcolm X’s mother, who migrated to the United States from the West Indies by way of Canada; and struggling Chinese artist Qiming Lui.In a book of such breadth, central arguments can be difficult to decipher, but Bon Tempo and Diner stress two of them. The first is the “primary significance [of] … economic matters”—especially “work and the nation’s labor needs”—“in explaining the United States’ immigration history” (4). The second is the centrality of the state in determining which immigrants could come to the United States, which of them could stay, which of them could become full-fledged members of the nation, and which of them could access a full range of rights, protections, and resources in their new home. In concluding, the authors highlight three surprisingly straightforward historical themes that “best arm our readers as the story of immigration and the United States continues to unfold” (362). In addition to the argument above about the state’s importance, they insist that “immigrants came to North America in search of a better life” and that they “are like us” (362, 363).In making these and other claims, Bon Tempo and Diner draw from a mix of sources, including government and think-tank reports, newspaper and magazine articles, memoirs, oral histories, and even an occasional YouTube video, campaign advertisement, or protest poster. But their main source is the scholarship of historians and, to a lesser extent, political scientists, sociologists, economists, legal scholars, anthropologists, and others. Hence, the book has a faint interdisciplinary flavor. Its main audience, however, appears to be non-specialists in immigration history, as fine an audience as any but one that brings some disadvantages, especially for readers of this journal. In their understandable effort to keep the story moving, Bon Tempo and Diner tend to shy away from any deep engagement with the big theoretical debates that roil much of the immigration scholarship. For example, they avoid any analysis of the extent to which political institutions, political traditions, social forces, economic interests, cultural dynamics, or some combination thereof is responsible for the many shifts in U.S. immigration policy over time. Nor do they interrogate the role that capitalism, in its various configurations, played. Is it true, as one scholar recently suggested, that the “interests and strategies of capital” have largely determined U.S. immigration policy over the years?1 For a book that places “economic matters” at the center of the story, it is surprising that the authors seldom address these issues systematically.Immigration is nonetheless a valuable, far-reaching history. Those wishing for more interdisciplinarity and theory, however, might consult older overviews by Ngai, Tichenor, and Zolberg.2

High quality, high reliability: The dynamics of camel milk marketing in northern Kenya

In order to analyse the transformations faced by pastoralists in coping with the uncertainties of their livelihoods, this paper analyses the evolutions of the marketing of camel milk, which has turned from a local taboo into a critical asset for the pastoral communities of Isiolo, a county typically associated with the rearing of cattle. Camel milk marketing (CMM) challenges several assumptions about pastoral societies and their supposed embedding conservativeness, inefficiency and risk aversion.A high-reliability perspective has been instrumental in revealing the ongoing dynamics that are reconfiguring pastoral resource management and livelihood patterns in Isiolo. Through this approach, the management practices and contractual relationships that underpin CMM production and marketing have been explored, with a view to unveiling the rationale inspiring the networks through which camel milk is transacted, and the related socially-regulated arrangements and practices. The social and political embeddedness of CMM networks is central to their ability to adapt and function in constantly changing local conditions.The marketing of camel milk provides an intriguing insight into how pastoral systems are informed by a high-reliability approach to operating under conditions of volatility and uncertainty. Political economy matters will have a significant influence on the evolution of this important enterprise. Adequate investments in infrastructure and public facilities would be crucial to further develop CMM and to enable its operators to respond and adapt to local dynamics, with a view to fairly share the associated risks, costs and benefits.

Natural resource consumption and industrial green transformation: Does the digital economy matter?

Natural resource consumption and the digital economy are increasingly critical in empowering industrial green transformation, which is also an ongoing and valuable topic worth exploring. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of natural resource use and the digital economy on industrial green transformation in 30 Chinese provincial-level administrative data from 2006 to 2020. The outcomes reveal that digital economy can significantly drive industrial green transformation by elevating natural resource consumption. Significant heterogeneity is observed in the effects of natural resource use and digital economy on industrial green transformation. Manifestly, the digital economy stimulates industrial green transformation by promoting natural resource use in the east-central regions of China, while the mechanism is insignificant in the western region of China. Finally, the positive impact of natural resource use on industrial green transformation is gradually strengthening with the continuous increase in the digital economy level. Our findings imply that policymakers should differentiate the execution of digital economy policies and build an empowered natural resource usage system led by the digital economy to accelerate industrial green transformation.

Fútbol y sociedad en América Latina—Futebol e sociedade na América Latina

Fútbol y sociedad en América Latina—Futebol e sociedade na América Latina

Основные меры государственной промышленной политики в фармацевтической отрасли Российской Федерации

Due to the changes in the modern world, it is necessary to develop the domestic pharmaceutical industry, which is a task especially important in the context of implementation of the import substitution policy. The article classifies the main measures the state industrial policy has for the pharmaceutical industry; these measures cover informational and consulting aspects, research and technical parts, innovations and economic matters. Practical actions and their possible consequences are considered for each group of the industrial policy measures: encouragement of domestic consumption, regulation of imports, stimulation and support of exports, stimulation of technological development, public-private partnerships, support of the development of intersectoral territorial production complexes (clusters), direct state support of investment activities, tax incentives for investors.