Economic Land Use Research Articles

Flammable futures—storylines of climatic impacts on wildfire events and palm oil plantations in Indonesia

Abstract Wildfire events are driven by complex interactions of climate and anthropogenic interventions. Predictions of future wildfire events, their extremity, and their impact on the environment and economy must consider the interactions between these drivers. Economic policy and land use decisions influence the susceptibility of an area to climate extremes, the probability of burning, and future decision making. To better understand how climate-driven drought events and adaptation efforts affect burned area, agricultural production losses, and land use decisions, we developed a storyline approach centered on Indonesia’s 2015 fire events, which saw significant (>5%) production losses of palm oil. We explored analogous events under three warming conditions and two storylines (multi-model ensemble mean climate change and high impact). We employed a model chain consisting of CMIP6 climate modeling to quantify climate change impacts, a wildfire climate impacts and adaptation model (FLAM) to predict burned areas, and the Global Biosphere Management Model (GLOBIOM) to predict resultant production losses and socio-economic consequences in the oil palm sector in Indonesia and, by extension, the EU. FLAM is a mechanistic fire model used to reproduce and project wildfires based on various criteria and input variables; GLOBIOM is a global economic land use model, which assesses land use competition and provides economic impacts based on scenario data. We found that total burned area and production loss can increase by up to 25% and lead to local price increases up to 70%, with only minor differences beyond 2.5 degrees of warming. Our results highlight the importance of considering the interactions of future warming, drought conditions, and extreme weather events when predicting their impacts on oil palm losses and burned area. This study sets the stage for further exploration on the impacts of land management policies on local and international environments and economies in the context of global warming.

Modeling as a Tool for Effective Economic Land Use Policy in the Moscow Agglomeration

Modeling as a Tool for Effective Economic Land Use Policy in the Moscow Agglomeration

Can markets for nature conservation be successful? An integrated assessment of a product label for biodiversity practices in Germany

Biodiversity is declining in many ecosystems, particularly in agricultural landscapes. So far, instruments such as the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) have not been able to halt this trend. Stricter legal regulations tend to be poorly received by farmers and this leads to conflicts. However, their acceptance is crucial as agriculture is a major stakeholder in biodiversity conservation. In this context, market-based approaches are alternative or complementary instruments for biodiversity conservation. However, there are few examples in Germany and the potential economic feasibility on a larger scale has hardly been investigated. We, therefore, analyzed the economic and agronomic impacts of a potential new market label for biodiversity-friendly products on conventional arable farms in two German case study regions – Brandenburg and North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) – with different agricultural frameworks. The label requirements were defined in advance by a group of experts in the field of nature conservation. In terms of methodology, we combined a survey of nine companies in the food sector, for instance food retailers, that looked at potential price premium scenarios for products with the label and economic land use modelling. The participation of farms led to an average reduction of gross margins per hectare of arable land of approximately 64 € in Brandenburg and about 96 € in NRW. This revealed spatial disparities. Regarding biodiversity impacts, pesticide use was reduced by about 50 % in both regions. This indicated a high level of effectiveness coupled with comparably moderate farm adaptation costs. Price premiums under the market label for potatoes, wheat, and rye averaging 10 % could almost compensate for the loss of farm income in both regions. Premiums between 5 % and 10 % were also the order of magnitude estimated by the companies that took part in the survey. At the same time, the survey did show that potential transaction costs could be quite high. We, therefore, concluded that the market alone was unlikely to finance the introduction of the label in the case study regions. There was a need for accompanying instruments such as the CAP or private business investment. However, given the case study character, the results should be interpreted with caution and cannot be considered representative of all German or European agricultural conditions. They require further research. Nevertheless, our results are highly relevant for policy makers, as they show that biodiversity conservation, at least in the study regions considered, cannot be tackled with one single instrument, but requires a mix of different ones. For instance, a combination of policies and private initiatives, such as the CAP and a private market label like the one considered in the study.

Searching for the Profitability of Energy Crops: An Agroecological–Economic Land Use Suitability (AE-landUSE) Model

The current geopolitical and energy market instability calls for speeding up the EU clean energy transition to increase energy security in all the European regions and make Europe the first climate-neutral continent by 2050. Among renewable energies, modern bioenergy is a promising near-zero-emission fuel for increasing energy security in the heating, electricity and transport sectors while promoting growth and job creation, especially in rural areas. In such a context, energy crops will continue to play a key role. Since agricultural planning is a complex issue, especially when energy crops could compete with food ones, we propose an agroecological–economic land use suitability model (AE-landUSE model) to promote the sustainable use of land resources. The AE-landUSE model was developed by integrating cost–benefit analysis (CBA) and land use suitability analysis (LSA) within geographic information systems (GISs). Tested in the Basilicata region (Southern Italy), comparing two different energy crops (rapeseed and cardoon), the results show the model’s utility in identifying suitable areas for energy crops where the investments will be cost-effective. The proposed model will help decision-makers in energy-agricultural planning to increase energy security sustainably.

The role of economic land use efficiency in promoting green industrial development: evidence from China

The role of economic land use efficiency in promoting green industrial development: evidence from China

Feeding climate and biodiversity goals with novel plant-based meat and milk alternatives

Plant-based animal product alternatives are increasingly promoted to achieve more sustainable diets. Here, we use a global economic land use model to assess the food system-wide impacts of a global dietary shift towards these alternatives. We find a substantial reduction in the global environmental impacts by 2050 if globally 50% of the main animal products (pork, chicken, beef and milk) are substituted—net reduction of forest and natural land is almost fully halted and agriculture and land use GHG emissions decline by 31% in 2050 compared to 2020. If spared agricultural land within forest ecosystems is restored to forest, climate benefits could double, reaching 92% of the previously estimated land sector mitigation potential. Furthermore, the restored area could contribute to 13-25% of the estimated global land restoration needs under target 2 from the Kunming Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework by 2030, and future declines in ecosystem integrity by 2050 would be more than halved. The distribution of these impacts varies across regions—the main impacts on agricultural input use are in China and on environmental outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa and South America. While beef replacement provides the largest impacts, substituting multiple products is synergistic.

Potential business-shed model for spatial economic land use planning: towards regional economic resilience

ABSTRACT Economic resilience is the ability of a region’s economy to withstand urgent economic shocks. To plan for regional economic resilience, the key lies in the spatial economic power of areas of interest (AOIs) and in the city-region concept as the basis for the sustainable regional planning. This study aims to develop guidelines for ‘resilienizing’ the regional economy by proposing a Potential Business-Shed (PBS) Model based on the Huff-Gravity Model, a tool for economic planning, incorporated with sustainable growth strategies, socio-economic factors and GIS. The study is applied on the Northern Region of Jordan, where the guidelines are enriched by the consultation of the public residents. The results of a survey (2332 at random) reveal an economic resilience plan with the locations of three AOIs: Regional Commercial Business (RCB), greenheart, and refugee settlements. The proposed RCB received 41% of the market share in the area and covered an area of (307,740 m2). 84% of the residents want an accessible RCB and 97% think the region needs it. The study provides a model that ‘resilienizes’ similar regions with sudden shocks in their economic structure.

Role of Religion-based Communication in Environmental Revitalization and Community Empowerment in Wonosobo

Forests in Wonosobo Regency play a role in maintaining ecological balance. The problem that often occurs is the decline in forest function. Various human activities are carried out to change the ecological function of forests into economic land use. One of the environmental conservation efforts is through religious character education. This was done by one of the opinion leaders in Tambi Village, Kejajar District, Wonosobo Regency. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the role of religious communication in efforts to revitalize the environment in a community empowerment process. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with a character study approach. As a mission to revitalize the environment, an agent of change takes an approach with a religious context. This process was carried out using a pilot model method by the opinion leader Mr. RM, which started in a small community, namely the Agro Mulyo group. Starting from social change based on Islamic values. The role of religious communication in environmental revitalization in community empowerment: 1) communication as a medium of da'wah; and 2) communication as the basis for friendly interaction (strengthening ukhuwah). The principles of religious communication are: 1) oriented towards the physical and spiritual well-being of the community; and 2) religion-based empowerment is an effort to do social engineering. This paper concludes that religious communication can save itself and its citizens from environmental damage to achieve a balanced happiness between the world and the hereafter.

A Study of Economic Land Use Pattern Development with Special Context in Manipur

A Study of Economic Land Use Pattern Development with Special Context in Manipur

Anthropogenic Transformation of the River Basins of the Northwestern Slope of the Crimean Mountains (The Crimean Peninsula)

The territory of the Crimean Peninsula is extensively subject to economic activities. In this connection, there is an ever-increasing impact on the environment. The present paper presents an analysis of the transformation of the area of the largest river basins of the northwestern slope of the Crimean Mountains (basins of the Zapadnyy Bulganak, Alma, Kacha, Belbek, and Chernaya rivers). For this purpose, various indicators characterizing the transformation of the area were calculated: coefficient of anthropogenic transformation; land degradation index; urbanity index; level of anthropogenic transformation; coefficient of absolute and relative intensities of ecological and economic land use distribution. The results show that the anthropogenic transformation of the area defined by the basins of the Zapadnyy Bulganak, Alma, Kacha, Belbek, and Chernaya rivers increases from the southeast to the northwest as the absolute height decreases, and when moving from river source to mouth. Among the basins under consideration, anthropogenic transformation is greatest In the Zapadnyy Bulganak River basin and lowest in the Chernaya River basin. Among the basins under consideration, anthropogenic transformation decreases from north to south in the following order: Zapadnyy Bulganak River basin, Alma River basin, Kacha River basin, Belbek River basin, Chernaya River basin. This is due to reduced impacts of economic activity within each respective basin.

STUDI REDUKSI BANJIR DENGAN KOLAM RETENSI PADA SUNGAI-SUNGAI PARALEL

Flood in Ujungberung region occurs when rainy season. The location of the Ujungberung region is in the Bandung basin area from the upstream river originating at the Mount Manglayang. The impact of floods that occur is disrupting the drainage flow, settlement, traffic and economic land use such as markets, and agriculture in the region. The government has made some prevention efforts by constructing three Retention Basin on the Cinambo River, Cipamulihan River, and Cilameta River. There isn’t analysis on how much the optimal reduction in flood discharge and reservoir volume. In this study using a quantitative approach and descriptive method. Retanding basin analysis is based on the 25-years hydrological flood discharge using the Snyder method HEC-HMS v4.3 software. From the results of the Retention Basin modeling, it was found that in the Cinambo River with the initial discharge of Q25 is 37.70 m3/sec become 11.10 m3/sec can be reduced by 70.56 % with an optimal storage volume of 143,300 m3, in the Cipamulihan River with the initial discharge of Q25 is 19.20 m3/sec become 8.10 m3/sec can be reduced by 57.81 % with an optimal storage volume of 143,300 m3, and in the Cilameta River with the initial discharge of Q25 is 13.40 m3/sec become 9.3 m3/sec can be reduced by 30.60% with an optimal storage volume of 23,100 m3. If the Retention Basin planned to be carried out with an optimal storage volume, it must be adjusted to the available retention land area and with a required dimension.

Managing wild emotions: Wildlife managers as intermediaries at the conflictual boundaries of access relations

This study uses Ribot and Peluso’s access analysis to examine conflicts over elk and elk management in Greater Yellowstone USA, a region where emerging patterns of privatization and commodification have profound influence over the micropolitics of hunting access, and by extension resource governance. In North America, wildlife management via hunting has long relied on social relations and mutual obligations between rural hunters and landowners to facilitate access to game species like elk that frequent private land. However, transformations in the political economy of land use in and around Greater Yellowstone characterized by opportunities to commodify elk and access to them has influenced the region’s access regime, resulting in widespread declines in public hunting access on private lands. Intense conflict over elk and elk management has ensued. Drawing on ethnographic engagement with wildlife managers in rural working landscapes of Wyoming and Montana in and around Greater Yellowstone, our study reveals that facilitating social relations at the crossfires of elk access conflict requires a deftness for navigating interpersonal dynamics, a learned expertise manifested as affective and emotional labor. In the eyes of wildlife managers, these affective and emotional strategies are critical to fostering the social conditions for effective wildlife management and, more specifically, to gaining and maintaining access to privately held wildlife habitat. Our analysis emphasizes the responsibilities and burdens carried by intermediaries in struggles over access and resource management and highlights the threshold dynamics and normative questions that these burdens pose.

Political Economy of Land Use in Indonesia: Trap and Curse of Natural Forests

The allocation of land use in Indonesia is very inefficient, while the distribution of tenure is unequal. Half of the land for cultivation is held by forestry, and the other half is used by various other sectors. Most Indonesian farmers are small- scale farmers who do not meet economies of scale. Agrarian reforms aimed at overcoming inefficiency in land use, eliminating inequality in land tenure, and promoting rural areas’ prosperity need to involve land for cultivation allocated for forestry. This paper is written based on the author’s experience of interacting with various parties related to land issues, forest areas and agrarian reform through various forums, such as official meetings, focus group discussions, seminars, workshops, symposiums, one-on-one discussions (interviews), and interactions through social media. Agrarian reform, which has been launched since 1960, has not been able to be realized until today. The fight seems to involve two large groups, namely environmentalists and developmentalists, but this kind of grouping is likely to be misleading. Environmental issues may only be used as an instrument to obtain economic benefits as well, not for the environment itself.

Abundance of low profitable agricultural lands in Non-Black Earth Region and possibilities for their use

The development of agriculture, the economic efficiency of agricultural activities and the level of rural life arrangement are the main factors for the formation of settlement in rural areas. The key to a systemic, comprehensive approach to providing sustainable rural development in regions remote from urban agglomerations and large cities is the sustainable development of the agricultural sector, ensuring the employment and high salary of rural residents. In the Russian agroclimatic conditions, agricultural production is only possible with non-normalized family labor, cheap hired labor and state support. The existence of a sociooriented, small-scale, mostly natural agricultural sector has a positive effect on employment and solving social problems in rural areas. The inflow of rural residents into the cities, where it is easier to find a job and better living conditions, and reduction the number of rural settlements are still strong. The main questions: how to improve life in small villages with few residents where the wearing of the preserved residential buildings exceeds 80-90% and what to do with such degraded settlements in rural areas, the maintenance of which local self-government can’t afford. To solve these issues in the process of development of rural areas, it is necessary to create land management and development schemes of the agro-industrial complex in the Non-Black Earth Region of the Russian Federation taking into account the subjects of the Russian Federation relating to territories with low and high population density, studying the structure of employment of the population, including employment in agriculture and other industries, and types of economic land use of these rural territories. The development of regional and municipal land management and development schemes of the agro-industrial complex will allow to identify forecast of the spatial development of agricultural land use, to determine the geographical boundaries and areas of arable lands, their expansion, compression or stabilization in bioclimatic limits to meet consumer demand in agricultural products, due to the level of development of the regional economy, interregional and export trade or import of agricultural production. Research and systematic analysis of the entire set of production-economic, socio-economic and natural-ecological factors in the development of the rural economy, its main sectors – agricultural and forestry, and the state of rural infrastructure – engineering (technical) and social (first-aid posts, schools, kindergartens) makes it possible to identify all interconnections between them and make reasonable management decisions.

Forest, agriculture and land conversion: Environmental efficiency in Brazilian Amazon rainforest

We analyzed the interdependency between forest land conversion and economic land use in Brazilian Legal Amazon (BLA) from 2006 to 2017. More specifically, we assessed incremental economic gains from forest conversion in the perspective of environmental efficiency, and we analyzed the causes and implications of the interdependence based on a Forest Transition framework. Results suggested that despite land conversion being the least profitable production factor, the intensification of deforestation is expected in the future, especially at inner BLA. Specific geographic regions in BLA are significantly heterogeneous and associated with different phases of forest transition across the analyzed period.

Regional Economic Development Planning Sustainable (Sytematic Literature Review)

This study aims to analyze regional economic development planning through land use with a sustainable development model that is studied using the literature review method by reviewing articles in previous research so that it can provide some description and inspiration in providing solutions related to regional economic development planning problems obtained through the site. Scopus and apps with the VOSviewer app. This research will focus on explaining and analyzing thoroughly and specifically related to the implementation of sustainable development, especially in utilizing land in accordance with concepts and ideas that have more ideal development goals and realize sustainable concepts. development Planning. There are several topics that have strong with regional economic development planning, namely, demand, acceptance, urbanization, land use, evaluation, benefits and stakeholders. The limitation of this study is the source of the data obtained because the articles reviewed are only sourced from the Scopus database. Therefore, this study has limited data that can be compared.

Etherealization in a Racial Regime of Ownership: Marconi in O‘ahu, circa 1900

This article traces the emergence of wireless telegraphy in the Hawaiian Islands in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Centrally, I argue that for an ascendant haole (white settler) planter class, wirelessness proffered potent resources with which to articulate a particular model of scale and connectivity—one in which Hawai‘i’s isolation from the US mainland was recast as the predicate of new, and highly lucrative, forms of intimacy and proximity. These intimacies, I argue, overlapped not just symbolically but materially with the de facto and de jure forms of US colonial governance that took shape in the islands in this period. To make the case, I think through and around one particularly notable wireless transmission complex: the American Marconi Company’s hulking installation at Kahuku, on the North Shore of O‘ahu, and its companion station at Koko Head, some fifty miles south. Recounting the maneuvers by which these sites were drawn into the fold of long-distance wireless signaling, I show that to whatever extent wirelessness animated transcendent visions of scalar extensibility and global connectivity, it did so from within the confines of a colonial economy of land use, elaborated around the enclosure and privatization of Indigenous land and the racially stratified exploitation of migrant labor. By way of conclusion, however, the article also considers how Kānaka Maoli (Indigenous Hawaiians) are today developing new models of wireless connectivity that upend this history of colonial enclosure by articulating wirelessness to projects of Indigenous nation building.

Biodiversity and Economic Land Use

We quantify the impact of economic land use (urban and agricultural) on biodiversity measured as phylogenetic diversity (or evolutionary distinctiveness). We construct phylogenetic diversity indexes for bird populations throughout the United States and match them to high-resolution land use data. Agricultural land decreases phylogenetic diversity. In contrast, urban land use initially encourages diversity; however, once 27% of the local area is urbanized, phylogenetic diversity falls. Phylogenetic diversity also benefits from the presence of a variety of land use types, to a point. We project land conversion and biodiversity loss to 2051 and calculate the costs of preventing such land conversion.

Achieving ambitious climate targets: is it economical for New Zealand to invest in agricultural GHG mitigation?

Reducing agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which contribute approximately 24% of global emissions, is important to efficiently achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement; however, most mitigation options have focused on industrialized, not pastoral farming practices. New Zealand (NZ) has ambitious GHG reduction targets, but biogenic emissions from the agricultural sector are nearly half of total annual emissions and hence must be an integral part of the solution. We use a national-level economic land use model to estimate the benefits and costs of implementing land-based GHG emissions reduction practices that are currently available and/or under development. Results indicate the cost and effectiveness of modeled practices are highly variable, with individual practices capable of reducing gross GHGs by 2% to 62%. Methane inhibitors are estimated to be highly effective but costly, while targeted urine patch treatments are cheap but less effective. Afforestation and methane vaccines cost less than $50/tCO2e and could reduce NZ’s GHG emissions by at least 20%. Using a mix of current and emerging mitigation practices to achieve reduction targets ranging from 10% to 50% could cost an average of $14 to $76/tCO2e, potentially much less than estimates for achieving similar targets from NZ’s energy and transportation sectors. Sensitivity analysis indicates that commercialization of an effective methane vaccine at a cost that is typical of other livestock vaccines is critical to achieving a 50% gross emissions reduction target. Without it, a large portion of land could be left fallow. The practices and technologies evaluated in this paper are not unique to New Zealand and could be adopted globally, thereby helping other nations achieve their climate mitigation goals more cost-effectively.

Estimating Tsunami Economic Losses of Okinawa Island with Multi-Regional-Input-Output Modeling

Understanding the impacts of tsunamis, especially in terms of damage and losses, is important for disaster mitigation and management. The aim of this study is to present our estimations of the potential losses from tsunami damage on Okinawa Island. We combine the use of a tsunami hazard map and our proposed economic loss model to estimate the potential losses that would be sustained by Okinawa Island in the event of a tsunami. First, to produce the tsunami hazard map, we calculated tsunami flow characteristics using the mathematical model TUNAMI-N2 and incorporating 6 earthquake fault scenarios around the study area. The earthquake scenarios are based on historical records along the Ryukyu Trench and the Okinawa. The resulting inundation map is overlaid with economic land use type and topography maps to identify vulnerable regions, which are then employed to compute potential economic losses. Second, we used our proposed economic model for this study area to calculate the potential losses that would be sustained in these vulnerable regions. Our economic model extends the multi-regional-input-output (MRIO) model, where the economic values of industrial sectors are scaled to correlate with land use and topography types (coastal and inland areas) to calculate losses through the Chenery–Moses estimation method. Direct losses can be estimated from the total input of the MRIO table, while indirect losses are computed from the direct losses and interaction parameter of the MRIO table. The interaction parameter is formed by linear programming and calculated using the Leontief methodology. Our results show that the maximum total damaged area under the 6 earthquake scenarios is approximately 30 km2. Inundation ranging from 2.0 to 5.0 m in depth covers the largest area of approximately 10 km2 and is followed by areas with inundation depths of 1.0–2.0 m and >5.0 m. Our findings show that direct losses will occur, while indirect losses are only approximately 56% that of direct losses. This approach could be applied to other areas and tsunami scenarios, which will aid disaster management and adaptation policies.