State Intervention Research Articles

ЭФФЕКТИВНОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ В УСЛОВИЯХ ОГРАНИЧЕННОГО БЮДЖЕТА: ОПЫТ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО ПЛАНИРОВАНИЯ В ОБРАЗОВАНИИ

The paper considers the problem of effective use of educational resources in conditions of a limited budget, with an emphasis on the experience of economic planning in education. In modern conditions, many educational institutions face financial difficulties, which requires the development of strategies for the optimal allocation and use of available resources. The article analyzes the key principles and methods of economic planning aimed at improving the effectiveness of the educational process without increasing costs. Special attention is paid to practical examples and successful cases from various educational systems demonstrating the possibilities of improving the quality of education through rational resource management. Recommendations are also offered on the implementation of these methods at the school and university levels, as well as considering the potential of digital technologies and innovative approaches to achieve these goals.

The Challenges of Poverty Implementation Policy and Programmes in Nigeria

Poverty alleviation has been a recurrent decimal in the anals of development planning in Nigeria since post-colonial era. The various interventions of successive governments have unanimously been agreed and observed to be a monumental failure in respect of the objectives for which they were focused. Consequently, this paper examines the challenges confronting the implementation of these programmes with a view to proffer recommendations for effective and efficient implementation. A total of 720 respondents consisting of men and women between the ages of 20 and 60 years above were drawn from two local governments areas in Lagos and Ogun states, Nigeria respectively; using simple random and convenient sampling. Questionnaires were administered and responses collated and analysed. The chi-square statistical techniques and percentages were used in testing the hypothesis and in analyzing the collated data. Results revealed that the implementation of alleviation policy and programmes of Nigerian successive governments since independence faced the challenges of corruption, lack of transparency and political will on the part of government to make the programme a success. The findings also revealed that the rural dwellers which formed the original focus of the programmes benefited less due to wrong focus. The study therefore concluded by recommending that government should enthrone high levels of transparency, accountability and political will in the implementation process. It also recommended that the community which constituted the highest percentage of poverty ridden people should be the focus of government and government should therefore adhere to faithful implementation of these policies and programmes as a means of achieving reults.

Cold War conduct: knowledge transfer, psychological defence, and media preparedness in Denmark between Sweden, Norway, and NATO, 1954–1967

ABSTRACT Employing the Foucauldian term ‘conduct’, this article explores how social resilience and morale became a target of state intervention in Denmark during the Cold War. ‘Psychological defence’ was a Cold War phenomenon designed to bring an imagined future war into a space of control as well as a tool for the authorities’ exercise of power in case another world war became a reality. Advocating a methodological internationalism, the article analyses how the concept of psychological defence travelled from Sweden to Denmark via Norway and NATO, and in a complex process of translation, mixing and hybridization was adapted and appropriated to Danish security policy conditions, preparedness culture, and historical experiences. Ultimately, psychological defence was replaced with a more practical or even cynical approach to public information and media preparedness, even if the objectives remained the same. The article employs source material from Danish, Swedish, and NATO archives and combines Scandinavian Cold War history with media history and the history of knowledge.

Pembentukan dan Perkembangan Parmusi Cabang Padang Pariaman (1968-1971)

This study examines the formation and development of the Indonesian Muslim Party (Parmusi) Branch in Padang Pariaman during the period 1968-1971. Parmusi was established in 1968 with the goal of reviving the legacy of Masyumi, which was disbanded by Soekarno. The establishment of the Parmusi branch in Padang Pariaman was formalized through Decree Number 214/1/1968. Although initially expected to become a new political force, Parmusi faced various challenges, including intervention from the New Order government and Laksusda. Under the leadership of Raisuddin Muchtar and Alhadar Alam, Parmusi endeavored to consolidate support and participate in the 1971 elections, despite encountering electoral fraud and political pressure. Parmusi’s campaign and political activities were often closely monitored by intelligence and government officials. The results of the 1971 elections showed that Parmusi secured 7 seats in the Padang Pariaman Regional House of Representatives, although it remained under the dominance of Golkar. This study provides insights into local political dynamics and the struggles of an Islamic political party amid state surveillance and intervention.

State-Business Relations and Public-Public Partnerships: China’s State-owned Enterprises in Southeast Asia

China’s hegemonic leader, Xi Jinping, had one core agenda, the Belt & Road Initiative (BRI), which was to be implemented primarily by employing his country’s state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Since 2013, BRI projects have featured extensively in Southeast Asia, a region where countries are led by strongmen leading economies featuring strong state intervention. As the presence of China’s SOEs in Southeast Asia grew, this led to major changes in the nature of state-business relations (SBRs). In this context, where structural power lies with the state, or in this case, the two states of China and the host nation, a fundamental query emerges: who governs in these SBRs? This article analyses this question with a focus on three core themes – China’s mounting presence in Southeast Asia through the BRI, the growing role of SOEs in these economies, and evolving SBRs.

Effect of Moral Obligation on Sales Tax Compliance among SME Taxpayers in Juba, South Sudan

Tax compliance promotes social and economic growth by reducing the government's fiscal imbalance and debt while also providing funding for public services. Currently, the National Revenue Authority of South Sudan is focusing on maximizing tax revenue production from the country's huge number of small and medium enterprises, and this study contributes to that endeavour. The study's main goal was to examine the moral obligation, of sales tax compliance among SMEs. This study was guided by Tax Morale Theory. The study used an explanatory research design and the study's target population was 1,320 SMEs, with 307 SMEs in Rejaf Sub-County registered for sales tax. The data was examined using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found that there is a positive and significant effect of moral obligation on sales tax compliance (β1 =0.241, p<0.05), The study recommends that South Sudan's Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning build a strong mechanism for monitoring and evaluating the efficiency of tax policy implementation. Furthermore, research should involve a more diversified set of SMEs to capture a greater variety of opinions, taking into account differences in size, industry, and ownership structure.

From Laissez Faire to a Market Mechanism: the Formation of Housing Finance in Taiwan

Abstract The literature on East Asian developmental states has mostly focused on economic policies; few studies have investigated how developmentalism affects urbanisation. This study addresses this gap by analysing the formation of a housing system by the developmental state and the role of the housing sector in the transition from an economic miracle in the 1960s to stagnation after the 1990s. Wang, Lee, and Chen (2017) argued that Taiwan’s state bureaucrats played a gradually diminishing role in directing the market. This article takes a different approach by arguing that the government’s interventions on housing intensified after the 1990s; housing finance sectors were formalised, squatters were removed, and interventions based on market mechanisms were employed to stimulate the housing market. However, the lack of an effective state intervention on housing made speculation difficult to control and created an obstacle to economic development. Such housing speculation increased social inequality.

A return of economic intervention in advanced democracies after the financial and economic crisis (2008/2009)?

A return of economic intervention in advanced democracies after the financial and economic crisis (2008/2009)?

1961-LB: Evaluation of Two Behavioral Economic Interventions for Youth with Type 1 Diabetes—A Randomized Controlled Trial

1961-LB: Evaluation of Two Behavioral Economic Interventions for Youth with Type 1 Diabetes—A Randomized Controlled Trial

Economic and environmental insights into the hybrid ethylene oxide production processes

The electrochemical reduction of CO2 into petrochemical precursors is a promising sustainable technology that has the potential to replace conventional processes which utilize fossil fuels. However, compared to primary precursors which are generally analyzed through integrated techno-economic analysis and life-cycle assessment, research on crucial secondary precursors, such as ethylene oxide, is relatively limited. Here, we conducted holistic economic and environmental evaluation for nine potential ethylene oxide production pathways with either CO2 or ethane as the main feed source and compared the profitability and environmental effects of different process alignments. To achieve this, we designed unit processes and combined them to establish pathways for ethylene oxide production. In addition to techno-economic and life cycle analysis, sensitivity analysis was also performed to determine the most important electrochemical parameters, which were identified as the current density and Faradaic efficiency. Finally, we evaluated the influence of carbon credits in relation to target carbon reductions based on stated guidelines for future economic planning. Collectively, the results indicated that the techno-economic feasibility of ethylene oxide production pathways was strongly associated with the feed sources and process configurations. This work demonstrates that conventional ethylene oxide production can be replaced by a more profitable and environmentally-friendly alternative based on combining conventional and electrochemical processes.

Weapons of the weak state: How post-conflict states shape international statebuilding

International Organizations (IOs), such as the United Nations (U.N.), engage in statebuilding in a range of post-conflict states. Statebuilding scholarship largely assumes that IOs, backed by their powerful member states, have at least temporary authority over the seemingly “weak” states in which they intervene. We argue, in contrast, that many post-conflict states shape IO statebuilding efforts through many statebuilding contracts, which we call incomplete arrangements, that give the post-conflict state the residual rights of control over the unnegotiated components of these statebuilding contracts with IOs. These incomplete arrangements, as opposed to complete takeovers, which are the other type of statebuilding contracts, provide procedural “weapons of the weak state” that enable the post-conflict state to influence what the IO mandate contains, where it intervenes, whom it hires, and when it exits. Using in-depth case studies of Burundi, Guatemala, and Timor-Leste, as well as analysis of 36 U.N. interventions in post-conflict states from 2000–2020, this article demonstrates the potential of incomplete arrangement statebuilding contracts to give post-conflict states institutional power over IO statebuilders, with important implications for scholarship on statebuilding and global governance.

USING CLUSTER ANALYSIS TO CLASSIFY SOME ARAB COUNTRIES INTO HOMOGENEOUS GROUPS ACCORDING TO INSTITUTIONAL QUALITY CRITERIA

Objective: The objective of this study is to explore the application of cluster analysis in categorizing select Arab countries into cohesive groups based on institutional quality criteria, which consist of six indicators measuring good governance in country. These indicators cover various dimensions and allow describing the quality of services provided by the state in a specific area comprehensively. These dimensions include the scope of state intervention, these dimensions are The Political Dimension, The Economic Dimension and The Legal Dimension. Method: This study adopts a research methodology that combines both descriptive and quantitative approaches. The descriptive approach is based on presenting concepts and describing relationships among institutional quality criteria. The quantitative approach involves using cluster analysis methods: K-Means clustering and Hierarchical Clustering to classify 11 Arab countries: UAE, Bahrain, Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Tunisia, and Yemen. This was done to conduct cluster analysis to test the homogeneity of these countries regarding institutional quality determinants, represented by the following variables: Participation and Accountability, Political Stability and Absence of Violence, Government Effectiveness, Legislative Quality, Rule of Law, Control of Corruption. Results and Discussion: The study reached the following results: - the K-Means Cluster Analysis Method is evident that The total number of cases classified in each cluster: Eleven countries were classified into seven countries: United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Jordan, Morocco, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and Tunisia in the first cluster and four countries in the second cluster: Algeria, Egypt, Sudan, and Yemen; -the variable Participation and Accountability does not significantly affect the classification of the Arab countries under study into homogeneous groups according to institutional quality indicators. However, variables such as Political Stability and Absence of Violence, Government Effectiveness, Regulatory Quality, Legislative Quality, Rule of Law, and Control of Corruption play a significant role in this classification; - the Hierarchical Clustering Analysis Method is evident that the Arab countries under study are distributed into two homogeneous groups. The first group forms Cluster 1, consisting of Jordan, Morocco, Tunisia, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Algeria, Egypt, the UAE, and Qatar. The second group belongs to Cluster 2, comprising Sudan and Yemen. This classification is based on institutional quality criteria. Originality/Value: This study sheds light on the importance of cluster analysis methods: the K-Means Cluster Analysis Method and the hierarchical cluster analysis method in classifying Arab countries according to the determinants of institutional quality, which are considered a determining factor for the economic growth of countries, and its consequent impact on various indicators reflecting economic, social, and political conditions. Consequently, institutional quality has emerged as a pivotal measure in highlighting developmental disparities among different countries. Many governments are endeavoring to create or adopt models to enhance the quality of their institutions, notwithstanding the similarities among Arab countries.

A Novel Hybrid Method for Predicting Specific Crop Yield

Predicting crop yields is crucial for economic planning, food security, and agricultural management. Conventional approaches frequently need accurate results regarding the complex interaction between environmental conditions and crop-specific traits. By combining the best features of machine learning algorithms with expert-level domain knowledge, we provide a new hybrid approach to predicting crop yields that is both state- and crop-specific. Our approach integrates historical yield data, satellite imagery, meteorological data, soil properties, and crop-specific information to build robust predictive models. Specifically, we employ ensemble learning techniques, including random forest and gradient boosting, to capture complex nonlinear relationships and improve prediction accuracy. Additionally, we incorporate domain knowledge through feature engineering and selection to enhance model interpretability and generalization. We validate our method using real-world datasets from diverse geographical regions and crops, demonstrating its superior performance compared to traditional approaches. Our proposed hybrid method offers a promising solution for accurate and reliable crop yield prediction, facilitating informed agricultural decision-making.

Improving access to infusion services: Results of an operational sprint.

e13522 Background: As a large clinical academic cancer center growing from 40,772 unique patients in 2021 to 44,416 patients in 2022, access for patients to begin therapy in the infusion suite was delayed by 3.2 days. In addition to delays in care the center experienced decreased patient satisfaction related to timeliness of scheduling and an inflexible scheduling template that did not allow for the maximization of chair assets. An infusion sprint was launched to address the challenges with the main goal of providing a seamless patient experience while ensuring that all 60 chair assets were maximally utilized. The multi-disciplinary team sought to accomplish this through a disciplined evaluation and intervention program with the goals of increasing access, improving patient satisfaction and growing operating income. Methods: In February 2022, a multi-disciplinary team was assembled to develop and implement a plan to increase access to the infusion suite over a period of 6 months. The team utilized LEAN-Six Sigma principles to characterize current state, desired future state and tactical interventions with metrics. Access data, available infusion appointments and activities occurring in chairs were analyzed with the goal of maximizing utilization. This was accomplished through the development of an active asset management methodology that compared available infusion appointment hours in the schedule to the actual completed hours which allowed the center to determine the growth opportunity within the current chair count. Financial performance was reviewed, and a pilot of an AI-based scheduling platform was launched. Results: Data collected in December 2022 showed that the pilot increased average daily chemotherapy infusion patient volume by 10% and overall volume by 11% over prior fiscal year from October 2021 to September 2022. Daily scheduling escalations manually resolved by leadership decreased 54% between May 2022 and September 2022. Newly created chair utilization methodology showed increased utilization from 62% to 82% in 7 months and patient satisfaction increased from 76.97% to 81.18% for “Timeliness of Scheduling.” These initiatives also resulted in an 18% increase in infusion/pharmacy income from operations from October 2021 to September 2022. All of this was accomplished without adding staff to the workforce or chairs to the infusion suite. Conclusions: A focused, intentional, multi-disciplinary infusion sprint conducted over 6 months resulted in increases of patient access, increased patient satisfaction and revenue. External validity is limited by its one site design with future investigation planned at other sites within the cancer care network to determine if results can be reproduced.

The archaeologist king: Paul of Greece and Greek heritage tourism (1952–54)

During the early post-war period, American economic intervention in Greece played a central role in transforming the country’s classical past into a modern tourist asset. As a result, Greek institutions and investors used ancient monuments to create the necessary infrastructure for the emerging tourist movement. The Greek monarchy actively participated in this modernization process by engaging in cultural experiences, which aimed to transform Greek heritage into a desirable tourist product for the western camp during the Cold War period. The Greek monarchy was at the centre of this sociocultural development engaging with the nationalist reflexes of Greek society. By embracing the discourse of ethnikofrosyni (‘national mindedness’), King Paul of Greece (1947–64) and Queen Frederica provided royal sanction for the nationalist uses of classical antiquities and Greece as a lieu de mémoire that could offer an exceptional experience to visitors. To strengthen these assertions, Paul assumed the role of the archaeologist and tour guide, showcasing the cosmopolitan allure Greek antiquities radiated and presenting Greece as a fashionable and appealing tourist destination. This article argues that the Greek monarchs’ intervention in the archaeological excavations at Mycenae (1952), as well as the royal cruise around Greek islands and monuments (1954) reflected the sociopolitical developments of the period and the monarchs’ engagement with the country’s cultural affairs.

Behavioral economic interventions to embed early palliative care in community oncology (BE-EPiC): A pragmatic cluster-randomized trial.

Behavioral economic interventions to embed early palliative care in community oncology (BE-EPiC): A pragmatic cluster-randomized trial.

PREDICTIVE MODELLING FOR SUGARCANE PRODUCTION: A COMPREHENSIVE COMPARISON OF ARIMA AND MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS

Accurate prediction of sugarcane yield is essential for trade, economic planning, and sustainable agriculture in India. This study addressed the challenge of forecasting sugarcane yield by evaluating the effectiveness of time series modelling and machine learning algorithms. Leveraging data spanning from 2001 to 2020, the research focuses on predicting the sugarcane yield for the subsequent years. The problem statement revolves around the need for precise yield predictions to inform decision-making in the agricultural sector. Methods employed included the utilization of Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) for time series analysis and machine learning algorithms such as Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM). The analysis encompassed sugarcane yield data spanning multiple years, with predictions extending for a specified duration. Through analysis of temporal patterns and dependencies within the sugarcane yield time series data using Autocorrelation Function (ACF) and Partial Autocorrelation Function (PACF), the study optimized the predictive models. Results indicated that ARIMA outperformed machine learning algorithms, exhibiting superior performance with a root meansquare error of 36700.68 anda minimumAICvalue of 456.7. The study emphasizes the significance of accurate yield predictions for agricultural planning and decision-making, highlighting the implications for sustainable crop management and the fortification of Indian sugar industry.The study affirms the importance of informed decisions facilitated by accurate yield predictions in resilient agricultural sector. Overall, this study contributes to the advancement of sugarcane yield prediction, offers practical insights for stakeholders and policymakers in India's agricultural landscape.

The State Intervention in the Islamic Education in Aceh: Threats or Opportunities?

The State Intervention in the Islamic Education in Aceh: Threats or Opportunities?

Effect of propolis mouthwash on the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care unit patients: a comparative randomized triple-blind clinical trial

ObjectivesVentilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) increases the length of hospitalization and mortality rate. This study aimed to determine the effect of propolis mouthwash on the incidence of VAP in intensive care unit (ICU) patients.Materials and methodsTriple-blind, comparative randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted over one year, with 110 ICU patients at Imam-Hossein and Bahar hospitals (Shahroud) and Kowsar Hospital (Semnan) in Iran. The intervention group used 15 cc of 0.06% propolis mouthwash solution twice daily at 8 AM and 4 PM for seven days. The control group used 15 cc of 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash at the same times and duration. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, APACHE II, Beck Oral Assessment Scale, and Modified Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (MCPIS).ResultsThere was no significant difference in demographic information, disease severity, and oral health between the two groups before and after intervention (P > 0.05). The incidence of VAP in the intervention group compared to the control group was 10.9% vs. 30.9% on the third day (P = 0.0166, 95% CI: 0.53–0.83 and RR = 0.35), 23.6% vs. 43.6% on the fifth day (P = 0.0325 and 95% CI: 0.31–0.95 and RR = 0.54), and 25.5% vs. 47.3% on the seventh day (P = 0.0224, 95% CI: 0.32–0.92, and RR = 0.54). The Mann–Whitney indicated the incidence of VAP was significantly lower in the intervention group on the third, fifth, and seventh days.ConclusionPropolis mouthwash can be considered as an alternative to chlorhexidine mouthwash for ICU patients.Clinical relevancePropolis mouthwash serves as a simple, economical intervention to potentially reduce incidence of VAP.Trial registration(IRCT20110427006318N12, date 02.04.2019).

Self-Management Programs and the Pursuit of Behavior Change.

A self-management intervention is a personalized approach to individuals aiming to engage individuals in a behavior change to develop skills to live better with their condition. Self-management involves an iterative process between participants and providers in which goals are formulated and feedback is given. All respiratory societies advocate self-management as part of chronic care because it may improve quality of life and health-care utilization. Self-management is an integral part of pulmonary rehabilitation. Self-management interventions usually involve education and exercise prescription, and that is an asset of current programs; however, recent reports indicate that effective strategies for motivation and a behavior change focus are often missed. A recent systematic review on self-management urges the need for a specific aspect and characteristic of self-management interventions: iterative interactions between participants and health-care professionals competent in using behavior change practices to elicit participants' motivation, confidence, and competence to develop skills to better manage their disease. A recent review of self-care intervention in chronic disease states that the major deficits found in self-care interventions included a lack of attention and/or innovation to the psychological consequences of chronic illness, technology, and behavior change techniques to help patients manage symptoms. There is a need for exploration of mechanisms to explain the relationships between both anxiety and depression, and adherence to treatment in COPD. The latter is particularly appropriate for pulmonary rehabilitation, for which greater adherence is needed. This report aims to introduce basic aspects of behavior change and a proposed roadmap to introduce behavior change into pulmonary rehabilitation and chronic care programs.