Economic Functions Research Articles

Optimal design and operation of reactive extrusion processes: Application to the production and scale‐up of polyurethane rheology modifiers for paints

AbstractIn this work, the methodology for the optimal design, operation and scale‐up of reactive extrusion processes in twin‐screw extruders previously presented in Reference (Cegla and Engell, 2023). is applied to the production of hydrophobically ethoxylated urethanes (HEURs). The new process is a promising alternative to the current batch technology in large reactors with long residence times. We demonstrate the use of model‐based design and scale‐up for this case. A novel mechanistic finite volume twin‐screw extruder model is used as the process model, which is adapted to the process at hand by embedding a detailed description of the HEUR chemistry and rheology. An economic cost function is used to examine the scale‐up process from an 18 mm extruder to a 27 and 75 mm extruders, considering a selected range of products. The comparison between the optimization results obtained for the individual products with the optimization results for the production of multiple material grades using the same screw setup shows the high flexibility of the extruder‐based process. Significant energy savings compared with the conventional batch process can be achieved using reactive extrusion. To quantify the effort for the transition to a purely continuous production in terms of flexibility and process logistics, product changeovers are investigated.Highlights Intensification of the HEUR production by reactive extrusion. Detailed model for the twin‐screw extruder and the chemistry. Optimization of extruder, screw design, and operating conditions. Model‐based scale‐up from laboratory to industrial scale. Investigation of flexible industrial production of different HEURs.

Design and planning of global sustainable bio-hydrogen supply chain with uncertainty: A transportation-oriented robust model

Among renewable energy systems, hydrogen-based ones are promising options towards the “clean fuel” because they do not produce greenhouse gases during combustion. By utilizing the supply chain concept, it is possible to develop the use of hydrogen as a fuel in the transportation industry. As the first stage, in this study a MILP model is developed to configure the hydrogen supply chain network, including strategical and tactical decisions, while minimizing costs and carbon emission across the network. And, in the second stage, it investigates the excess hydrogen exportability to regional countries, based on which an economic objective function maximizes the related profit. Dealing with hydrogen demand uncertainty, the present study has been used the robust possibilistic programming method. Results of a related case study in Iran show that: 1) The sensitive analysis of carbon tax parameter shows a small value can reduce carbon emissions significantly, 2) Among hydrogen production technologies, “coal gasification with carbon capture-emission facilities” is an optimal decision, and 3) exporting produced hydrogen did not have any economic justification due to its high cost/unit production.

A university in Buxton - a place of extinguished chances or a promise delayed?

The University of Derby opened a new university campus in Buxton in 2000. The aim was to produce a socially desirable outcome - better prospects for jobs and lives, and more freedom through learning. The university would help people overcome limits on their lives by openly examining them: the true purpose of education. It represented a challenge to the neoliberal idea that the vitally important social and economic function of learning could be left to market forces. Like many former industrial centres, the town needed to re-invent itself and find creative ways to adapt to the new economic realities. Buxton was different from almost anywhere else in the UK because it offered further and higher education on a single campus, with a unified staffing structure and a single academic management. It offered vocational degrees such as Tourism and Hospitality, Outdoor Pursuits and further education teacher training. In November 2019, however, it was announced that all HE courses at the campus would be closed. The story of this abrupt volte face raises many questions about the way higher education is run in the UK today. The decision was made as if the central university was a business with different cost centres. The article explores the background to this story: it covers wider issues such the chaotic marketisation of higher education, which appeared to offer choice but in fact was managed in such a way as to privileged existing elite institutions; the rules of a numbers game that favoured approaches based on conservatism and corporate uniformity, so that campuses are no longer able to reflect the diversity of our communities; the running of universities as businesses, so that educational concerns are excluded from decision–making; the centralisation of control by those who restrict to themselves the ability to collect and analyse the metrics which are used to legitimise and justify decisions; and the arbitrary power of Vice Chancellors. Ultimately, the closure was the result of a management system that was no longer commensurate with the university's stated commitment to the opening up of higher education to a wider range of people.

Zakat menjadi Instrumen dalam Mewujudkan Stabilitas Perekonomian

Zakat that is managed properly and professionally will support the formation of economic conditions that grow with equity, increase productivity accompanied by equal distribution of income and increase employment for the community. Potential as a source of spending in Muslim communities, a source of funds to overcome various kinds of social costs caused by human relations, and able to build economic growth as well as the inclusion of income economic growth with equity. This will indirectly prevent usury practices, create economic cooperation, and social security, and most importantly can lift the economy of weak people which has an impact on maintaining economic stability. This is where the importance of the role of the state in the management of zakat lies, so that economic, social, and educational functions in Zakat obligations can be realized.

Prediksi Indeks Bursa Efek Indonesia 2023 Pendekatan ARIMA, Machine Learning dengan R Programming

The Indonesian Stock Exchange Index (BEI) is the main indicator of the Indonesian stock market. The problem in this research is a specific issue to solve the practical problem of predicting the future movement of the BEI index which has strategic value for investors, traders and companies in Indonesia. The aim of this research is to be able to predict the BEI index until the end of 2023, because the stock exchange plays a big role for the Indonesian economy as an economic and financial function. Traditional approaches such as ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) have been used to predict the movement of the BEI index. However, in recent years, machine learning and data mining techniques have become popular as more sophisticated alternative approaches. This research uses a combined approach between ARIMA and machine learning with R Programming. Daily IDX index data from January 2012 to December 2022 will be taken from Yahoo Finance. This data will then be cleaned and processed using R Programming. The ARIMA approach will be used as a baseline to compare machine learning performance. The results focus on the estimated closing stock prices for the next 365 days or the average until the end of 2023. The Time Series value of the possible minimum/maximum predicted value for IDX shares in 2023 is a minimum predicted value of 6786,212 - 6849,559, a maximum predicted value of 6850,093 - 7086,012. Trends represent a good approach in predicting the future direction of closing prices.

Reef rehabilitation method uses bio transplants model in Tunda Island Banten Province, Indonesia

Reef habitat degradation has an impact on both human activities and natural factors. It can motivate some people to preserve the coral reef ecosystem’s function in ecology and economics. According to Patent No. S00201908839 that Bio Transplants is a reef transplantation method that utilizes Dead Coral and Dead Coral with Algae as a media substrate to attach reef fragments. This study aimed to develop a reef rehabilitation method using the bio-transplants method. It does not need a specific skill like a scuba diver certificate. Conducted the research in July, November 2019, and July 2020 on the prototype model area. The result showed that the reef fragment survival based on November 2019 was 71.7 % of the total fragment in July 2019 (364 transplants). In July 2020, the colony component was 97.4 % after age ± twelve months from 239 pieces that grew since July 2019. Using the dry adhesive, since the fragments’ age ± four months had been associated with their substrate, their fragment section had been covered by the width increase of component become (become the colony of the reef). People have been trying “the bio-transplants method” included in their tour packages as marine ecotourism implementation.

The need for interdisciplinary quality of life studies for patients with Crohn's Disease - a systematic review

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, lifelong condition with increasing rates of morbidity. It can have a significant impact on one's physical, emotional, economical and social functioning. Both medical as well as social fields of studies have adapted the construct of Quality of Life to assess the well being of patients. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the nature of scientists research concerning Quality of Life in Crohn's disease patients from an interdisciplinary, medical and psychological perspective exceeding beyond a single definition or a paradigm. EBSCOhost Research Databases platform was used to conduct the preliminary search. Then, a further qualitative analysis of texts was conducted. The results showed a declining interest in Quality of Life of Crohn’s disease patients in the studied 10-year scope on average by 11.49% from year to year. Also an underrepresentation of studies of the nature of psychological variables in relation to studies of the medical description was found. An information gap in scientific cognition related to the interdisciplinary approach regarding the studied topic was recognised. There is a necessity to broaden the horizons of the conducted research to include further issues at several levels of inference. This approach would by all means be needed not only in the dimension of scientific considerations, but also or above all in the practical dimension.

The resolution plan for insurers in France: Being prepared in case of a failure

The failure of an insurer may affect policyholders as well as the broader economy. This explains why a resolution regime is useful, with the objective of making it feasible to maintain vital economic functions and activities, which are needed, without disruption and without exposing taxpayers to loss. The resolution regime is a core element of the policy measures adopted by the G20 in the wake of the global financial crisis and applies to banks in most countries, with France being one of the first EU member states to adopt a regime for the recovery and resolution of insurance undertakings. The work undertaken to prepare resolution plans consists of first identifying the functions deemed to be critical which should be maintained. For the resolution to be effective, this work needs to be complemented with analysis of the level of separability of these critical functions from the rest of the undertaking or group, as this is necessary to ensure operational continuity in the event that a resolution action is applied. The next step consists of specifying resolution strategies that could be applied to groups or bodies performing critical functions, in accordance with different possible crisis scenarios and taking into account different resolution tools used separately or in combination. Based on these elements, Autorité de Contrôle Prudentiel et de Résolution has adopted the first resolution plan for 13 insurers, but this needs to be complemented by additional analyses and additional information in order to cover all the topics needed to operationalise resolution strategies and ensure the resolvability of undertakings.

The correlation of numerical ability with learning outcomes in mathematics economics of management students of the Universitas Sumatera Barat

This research is motivated by the fact that not all students can do math calculations well. This can be seen when students carry out exercises on matrix material and the application of linear functions in economics that require numerical skills, namely the addition and subtraction of integers. There are still many students who are confused in doing the exercise, especially with quite large numbers such as tens and hundreds. At the time of doing the distribution of many students who hesitate in doing it. Likewise with multiplication, there are even some students who have not memorized multiplication from 1 to 10. From this the researcher concludes that not all students have good numerical skills, so that students in working on math problems tend to experience difficulties and cause students' low economic mathematics learning outcomes. The average student learning outcomes are still below the minimum standard, in this case it can be seen from the midterm exam scores in mathematics economics management students at the Faculty of Economics, Universitas Sumatera Barat. So, one of the factors that influence students' learning outcomes in economics mathematics is numerical ability. This type of research is ex post facto correlational research, namely research that is intended to determine whether there is a relationship between two or several variables. The population in this study were all management students at the Faculty of Economics, Universitas Sumatera Barat, who took four classes of economics mathematics, consisting of 128 students. The instruments used in this study were numerical ability tests and learning achievement tests. The analysis used in this research is linear correlation analysis. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between numerical ability and the learning outcomes of economic mathematics students at the Faculty of Economics, Universitas Sumatera Barat. This is also seen from the value of the correlation coefficient , the correlation coefficient when seen in the table of the level of closeness of the relationship between X and Y variables, then the level of closeness of the relationship is in the medium relationship category because it is in the range. So, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between numerical ability and the results of learning economics mathematics from students of management at the Faculty of Economics, Universitas Sumatera Barat.

The socioeconomic development of rural municipalities representing various demographic and functional types

Motivation: Rural areas are usually characterised by a slower pace of growth as compared with urban areas. However, they do not constitute a uniform group of entities, representing a considerable diversity in terms of development. Among the determinants of the socio-economic development of rural areas, an important role is played by their demographic potential and the economic functions performed. The demographic typology of municipalities is used in identifying population development types in the analysed entities, depending on natural growth rates and a migration balance. The functional typology of rural municipalities is based on differences between them in terms of socio-economic structure. Understanding the relationship between the development of a municipality and its demographic and functional type is indispensable for planning the development policy and for formulating local strategies.Aim: The aim of the paper is to assess gaps in the level of development of the rural municipalities of Małopolska Voivodeship, depending on the demographic types they represent and the economic functions they perform.Results: The results of the conducted analyses indicate that the highest levels of development among Małopolska’s rural municipalities are recorded by urbanised areas. These levels are much higher than in the remaining entities classified as multi-income, agricultural and tourist municipalities. It was proved that the best developed municipalities record an increase in the number of population resulting from a positive migration rate. There is a correlation between a demographic and functional type of municipalities.

THE TRANSFORMATIVE INFLUENCE OF VOCATIONAL SKILLS TRAINING ON THE WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT

This study examines how the women's economic prospects are affected by vocational training, with main focus on employment, entrepreneurship and income. The study examines 120 respondents' viewpoints of how vocational training affects these vital dimensions of women's economic empowerment. The majority of respondents strongly agreed, according to findings, that vocational training has beneficial impact on income. Likewise, vocational training has a positive effect on women's entrepreneurship, according to respondents, highlighting its significance in advancing gender equality and economic independence. Some participants agree that the vocational training improves the women's career opportunities. The results offered significant information in reaching conclusion. This study highlights the need for specialized vocational training programs that take into account the varied needs and experiences of women, with consequences for both researchers and policymakers. This study advances existing conversation on women's economic empowerment and function of vocational training in creating inclusive communities by tackling these issues and exploring the new research directions.

How does economic complexity affect natural resource extraction in resource rich countries?

Several studies debate whether natural resources benefit or hurt an economy. In natural resource-rich economies researchers cannot conclude it. This study examines the relationship between natural resource rent, economic complexity, clean technology, and natural resource productivity capacity in 20 resource-rich economies from 2000 to 2021. Coal, oil, minerals, natural gases, and forest rents are disaggregated in the study. The economic complexity curvilinear function illustrates the inverse U-shaped relationship under the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) or the U-shaped relationship under load capacity curve (LCC) between economic complexity and natural resources rent. This study hypothesizes that economic complexity increases resource extraction curvilinearly, changing resource rents which may have implications in the transition towards clean energy under COP27 to achieve SDGs. The study shows the marginal effects of economic complexity at different levels of complexity and resource extraction using quadratic and quantile functions. This study first examines resource extraction quantiles. Economic complexity raises forest, coal, and mineral rents at low resource extraction. Economic complexity lowers forest, gas, oil, coal, and mineral rents at high resource extraction. This study describes the curvilinear function. At the median resource extraction level, economic complexity has an inverted U-shaped effect on forest, mineral, and coal rents and a U-shaped effect on gas and oil rents. This implies that an increase in economic complexity can be targeted which may reduce reliance on forests, minerals, and coal while reducing reliance on gas and oil, government effort, green technology, and productive capacity needed to be pursued.

STUDI POTENSI TANAMAN BIOFARMACA DI KAWASAN IUPHKm “HANDAK MAJU” DESA TUMBANG NUSA, KECAMATAN JABIREN RAYA, KABUPATEN PULANG PISAU, PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TENGAH

Peatland is a specific ecosystem that is always waterlogged and has multiple functions, including economic, hydrological, environmental, cultural, and biodiversity functions. Existing peatlands, especially in Central Kalimantan, have great biodiversity potential. This potential provides benefits for people living in peat areas. This diversity of biodiversity has the potential of medicinal plants that have not been maximally explored. Therefore, through this activity, data will be obtained regarding the types and potential of medicinal plants in inland peat areas, which will facilitate their management. This research activity was carried out in the “Handak Maju” IUPHKm area for 3 (three) months, from July – September 2022. The implementation method is carried out through survey activities and field observations and carrying out of the Focus Group Discussions, as well as related literature studies. Based on the results of the survey conducted, it was found that several types of medicinal plants have the potential to be developed and preserved. According to Zuhud (1991) that medicinal plants are plants whose plant parts (leaves, stems or roots) have medicinal properties and are used as raw materials in the manufacture of modern and traditional medicines. It was further revealed that, medicinal plants are still not widely cultivated. However, the advantages of treatment using traditional medicinal plant ingredients are generally considered safer than the use of modern medicine. This is because traditional medicine has relatively fewer side effects than modern medicine.

Вплив міжнародних економічних суб’єктів на державне регулювання економіки

Based on the concept of jointly-divided activities, the paper reveals the essence of the government’s regulation of economy as a sub-function of state’s economic functions, where the government is a bearer of society’s general economic interests. The work substantiates the positive and negative sides of the influence of international economic entities on economic policy by splitting up state’s own functions and state’s applied functions, so that the latter may contradict the former and be not corresponding to the essence of state. The author reveals the main interests of the triad of globalizers – TNCs, international organizations and developed countries. The study shows the asymmetric nature of the interaction between the open economies and the main international economic entities – international organizations and TNCs, which is due to the difference in their interests and opportunities to influence each other. The paper outlines the main causes and consequences of the negative influence of international organizations and TNCs on the government’s economic regulation in developed countries and other open economies. Revealed the problems of imposing unified rules on economic policy in transition economies by international organizations, of setting requirements for crediting, and of promoting the neoliberal concept and the austerity policy. The work analyzes the negative consequences of the influence of TNCs on state economic regulation, namely: the weakening of employees’ bargaining power and the fall of their incomes, the growth of inequality, the reduction of the tax burden on corporations, offshorization, the hypertrophied development of the financial sphere, etc. The study shows various methods to mitigate the consequences of the negative influence of TNCs on open economies. The paper highlights the main mechanisms of influence of international economic entities on state economic regulation. Revealed the main challenges of state economic regulation caused by the increasing influence of international economic entities and globalization in general. Based on these challenges, the paper highlights the following main necessary transformations of state economic regulation: (1) increasing the level of subjectivity of the state as a bearer of national interests, (2) ensuring institutional foundations for inclusive global development based on the principles of equality, justice and transparency, and (3) neutralizing the negative impact on national socio-economic security exerted by international actors.

Development and Validation of the Workplace Affective Events Survey.

Background Work, a central aspect of human life, serves vital economic and social functions. There is a burgeoning interest in positive emotions in the workplace, which can enhance creativity, foster social connections, and improve problem-solving abilities. These emotions are pivotal in key organizational outcomes, including employee performance and health. Despite the extensive examination of factors like job satisfaction and workplace stressors, a knowledge gap exists regarding the everyday workplace events that influence emotions and their contribution to overall workplace emotional health.The present study introduces the Workplace Affective Events Survey (WAES), a new tool that can facilitate the advancement of research in this field. Purpose This study aimed to develop a tool to assess daily workplace events that lead to positive or negative emotional responses and the intensities of such responses. The study also examined the relationship between theseevents and the associated affect-intensities with trait affect, and social companionship at work for convergent validation. Methodology The tool development entailed a multi-phase approach which encompassed item generation, content validation, pre-pilot trials, and pilot testing of the WAES. Participants were entry and mid-level service sector employees aged 25-55 years. Themes generated using focus group discussions and one-to-one interviews were mapped against a known taxonomy of workplace affective events. Expert validation and pre-pilot trials helped inrefining the final items. The main phase engaged 300 individuals from nine service industries across 29 organizations in an urban metropolitan city in India. WAES was administered alongside standardized measures of trait-affect and workplace social companionship. Results WAES subscales demonstrated acceptable reliability. Participants reported positive daily affective events more often than negative ones, with the average intensity of positive emotions surpassing that of negative emotions. Notably, trait affect scores and social companionship exhibited significant correlations with daily affectiveevents and their intensity. Conclusions The WAES offers a novel tool to investigate daily emotional experiences in the workplace. The data suggest that a within-person disposition such as trait-affect might play a lesser role in generating positive affective events than contextual factors.These findings underscore the value of creating work environments that consistently nurture positive emotional experiences.

FEATURES OF ARCHITECTURAL AND PLANNING ORGANIZATION AND LAND USE OF CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL CENTRES IN SMALL TOWNS

The article analyses the features of the formation of a cultural and educational centre. It is determined that in order to strengthen the economic potential of the city or town, it is necessary to establish and develop related components that will facilitate investments into the main economic function of the city or town and increase its attractiveness and efficiency. These are the related components that can be formed in a cultural and educational centre. The components, which are successfully established and developed in the cultural and educational centre, and related to the main town-forming function are able to significantly affect the further development of the said function, and, accordingly, the entire settlement. The use of land in settlements always involves a combination of land ownership interests, both private, municipal and state. In these conditions, land ownership is closely related to the need to locate a certain type of activity in a certain place for the most efficient use of the land plot. The article provides examples of cultural and educational centres in Ukraine, where the main town-forming function of a settlement is represented and developed. Such an example is the complex of cultural and educational centres in Opyshnia, a centre of pottery art. Today, the village has several exhibition areas united by a conditional tourist route: ceramics museums, a cultural and educational centre with exhibition, shopping, recreational areas and small-scale production, and museums-estates of famous potters. The existence of a cultural and educational complex in Opyshnia significantly increases the town’s tourist potential. A successful example of domestic experience is the Museum of Easter Egg Painting and the National Museum of Hutsulshchyna and Pokuttia Folk Art in the city of Kolomyia of Ivano-Frankivsk region. A similar approach to further development with the formation of cultural and educational complexes of public buildings with hotel, exhibition, trade, recreational, and educational zones is offered in the city of Kostopil, where the Ukrainian Sawmills Company operates its woodworking plant. The article determines that the problem of researching functional planning and architectural and compositional solutions for cultural and educational centres in small towns is relevant for the formation of an aesthetic environment, for the activation of cultural, spiritual, scientific and educational needs.

ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FINANCIAL MECHANISM OF ACTIVITY OF SMALL ENTERPRISES ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE FARM «IRYNA – O.T.»

The article presents the theoretical and practical problems of the financial mechanism for the development of farming on the example of «Iryna – O.T.». It is substantiated that small business has a special role in the socio-economic progress of any country – a potential locomotive of the national economy. Its importance is revealed in a number of economic, investment and social functions. The economic and investment role of small business consists in: mobilization of production factors; saturation of the market with consumer goods and services; stabilization of the market environment; ensuring filling of budgets at all levels; formation and development of a competitive environment, ensuring demonopolization of the economy; implementation of the latest technologies and production of new types of products; conducive to the development of science and scientific and technical progress. In a social sense, small business contributes to employment; satisfying the consumer demand of the population; development of the middle class; acquisition and development of entrepreneurial skills, realization of human abilities. It has been proven that the main goal of a small business entity is to make a profit and satisfy social and personal needs. To achieve this goal, small business entities should direct their activities to the innovativeness of manufactured products (works, services), in particular through: expanding its range, improving technological processes; the ability to recognize and satisfy new consumer needs by introducing innovative ideas and know-how; search for alternative sources of financing and new market niches. In the article, a detailed analysis of the financial mechanism of the development of a small business enterprise of the FG «Iryna – O.T.» is carried out, recommendations are given for the improving its production activity. Proposals for improving the functioning of the company’s financial mechanism were provided.

Evaluation of breeding objectives, breeding practices and reproductive performance of indigenous dairy cows in selected districts of Kaffa Zone, South West Ethiopia.

Breeding objectives are designed to achieve targeted dairy cow production goals, which can be affected by production type, farmer preferences, environmental factors and genetic factors individually or in combination. Breeding practices, such as both controlled and uncontrolled, and artificial insemination (AI) are the tools used to obtain the desired breeding objectives. The lower reproductive performance of indigenous dairy cows affects the total milk production and calf crops that are produced during their lifetime. Designing appropriate breeding objectives and breeding practices can improve the reproductive performance of dairy cows and their overall production performance. The current study was conducted with the objective of evaluating the breeding, practices and performance of indigenous dairy cattle in the south western part of Ethiopia. The districts of Gesha and Chena were purposefully chosen. The study design for the 384 household surveys was a cross-sectional survey with a simple random sample approach. Data analysis was carried out by MS-Excel (2010) and the general linear model procedure of SAS of 2008. The current study revealed that methods of breeding were predominantly natural-controlled mating, followed by natural-uncontrolled mating and AI in descending order. Breeding objectives were input function, output function, sociocultural and economic functions and assets and security functions in decreasing order of rank. Reproduction performance indexes of indigenous dairy cows age at first service (3.72±0.05 years), age at first calving (AFC) (4.71±0.07 years), calving interval (CI) (1.58±0.03 years), days open (DO) (4.26±0.11 months), services per conception in natural mating (1.4±0.08) and AI (2.73±0.14), age of bull at maturity (4.17±0.74 years), interoestrus interval (23.18±0.61 days), calves crop (7.53±0.22) and the life span of indigenous dairy cow (11.94±0.26 years) were significant (p<0.01) between two districts, whereas the values of age of bull at maturity and number of services per conception in natural mating were significant (p<0.05) between districts. Using AI and major reproduction performances, such as AFC, CI and DO of indigenous dairy cows in the study area, were very low. Therefore, concerned bodies should intervene to improve reproduction performance through the utilization of AI techniques, with the integration of forage development activities and improvements in livestock health care.

Medical marketing in healthcare institutions with public-private partnership mechanisms

The aim – to reveal the essence of medical marketing in healthcare institutions (HCI) with principles of public-private partnership (PPP). The study used general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization, interpretation of scientific data, as well as systemic and structural-functional approaches. The article reveals the essence, principles and functions of medical marketing in HCI with the mechanisms of PPP. The substantiation of the main marketing tools is given – business processes and integration processes that contribute to effective marketing in HCI. It also identified the key points that form the structure of medical business processes. The process approach to business process management is disclosed, which allows getting benefits for HCI. The definition and significance of the medical processes integration in HCI on PPP principles is provided, which contributes to the coordination of marketing activities with the strategy development within each integrated complex of HCI and the possibility of obtaining a positive synergistic effect. Examples of internal and external integration are given. The system for managing the external integration process is shown. To stimulate the integration process, bundled payment method has been defined.Conclusions. The article provides justification for medical marketing in HCI with the principles of PPP, focused on business processes and the integration of medical services, which ensures economic, medical and social efficiency and optimal functioning of HCI in market conditions.

Eco-environmental Impacts of x-to-x energy conversion on interconnected multi-energy microgrids: A multi-objective optimization

The environmental concerns, most notably the release of greenhouse gases due to global warming effects, are significant to energy production processes. This paper investigates multi-energy transactive microgrid (METMG) systems considering environmental and economic concerns using energy conversion technologies (X2X). Utilizing the conversion of a different form of energy by the X2X technologies is a new concept that this paper tries to investigate its usefulness in economic and environmental aspects. The X2X technologies are used in an energy-hub unit that has the duty of converting different forms of energy to each other. The energy hub is connected to all the METMGs and both receive and sends converted forms of energy to METMGs. Both the economic and environmental concerns are considered by optimizing two separate objective functions for each one in a cooperative manner. The goal of the economic objective function is to decrease operational costs, and the goal of the environmental objective function is to reduce the release of emission gases. The fuzzy algorithm is used to ensure fairness in optimizing dual cooperative objectives. The simulation model consists of three METMG and an energy hub where the conversion of different forms of energy is conducted. The METMGs have different forms of energy sources and energy carrier loads such as power, heat, and hydrogen. It is concluded that by applying X2X technologies in the energy hub operation, the costs and the released emissions are reduced by 56 % and 48 %, respectively. This shows the effectiveness of the proposed structure in the reduction of costs and emissions which answers the economic and environmental concerns.