Economic Development Programs Research Articles

THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON HUNGARIAN HEALTH TOURISM

Abstract. Introduction: Health tourism is a key economic sector in Hungary, and its development and support has been a priority of the national economic development programmes since the millennium. Just like in the rest of the world, Hungary's tourism performed badly in the first year of the COVID-19. Objective: The objective of our study was to examine the main indicators of inbound health tourism to Hungary in the period of 2019-2020. Our main objective was to estimate the loss to the country's budget from declining inbound health tourism. Methods: The applied research method was secondary research, based on tourism demand data published by the Central Statistical Office (KSH). The national economic effects generated by the expenditure of foreign health tourists in Hungary were estimated using input-output analysis. Results: The number of foreign health tourists decreased to 46.4% compared to 2019, and the number of days spent by foreign health tourists decreased to 40.9% compared to the previous year. In the year of the pandemic, inbound health tourist spending generated total national output of €417 million, a decrease of more than 46% compared to the previous year. The contribution of inbound health tourism to GDP was €209.2 million, almost €160 million lower than in 2019. Conclusion: After a peak year in 2019, pandemic COVID-19 led to a significant drop in demand in the inbound health tourism market, which will also see a sectoral and territorial shift in 2020.

Challenges and Opportunities of Tribal Entrepreneurship: A Study on Tribal People of Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh

Tribal entrepreneurship is an economic developmental programme, in which the government and non-governmental organisations provide the skill to the tribal people in order to be self-employed in their own businesses. Chhattisgarh is a newly formed state and have around 30% of its total population recorded as tribal population. Since these people aren’t actively involved in different economic development programmes including Tribal entrepreneurship. They face number of challenges while accepting this domain of government. Thus, in the present study the challenges and opportunities for the tribal entrepreneurs of Bilaspur Chhattisgarh are investigated. A pretested and validated questionnaire was used. The major challenges which the tribal entrepreneurs are facing were; financial problems, policy change in less time, lack of technical expertise, low level of motivation, marketing of the product, inadequate infrastructure, creating the business idea and vision, and managing competition. The opportunities which the tribal entrepreneurs of Bilaspur Chhattisgarh have were; agriculture, herbal products, tourism opportunity, handicraft business, and forest product entrepreneurship. The state government should focus on the challenges which the tribal entrepreneurs are facing in Bilaspur Chhattisgarh. Proper initiatives should be taken and schemes should be launched to overcome the reported challenges which tribal people is facing in Bilaspur District. If these challenges are fixed properly then the tribal people will involve actively in the tribal entrepreneurship programmes in Bilaspur Chhattisgarh. Keywords: Tribal entrepreneurship, Challenges, Opportunities, Bilaspur

Organization of information and communication interaction of regions in the macroregion of the Russian Federation

Subject. The article addresses consideration of regions’ interests in the implementation of national programs for economic development. Objectives. The focus is on the optimization of interaction between municipal, regional, and federal authorities. Methods. The study draws on general scientific research methods. Results. We created a three-tier system for ensuring the information and communication interaction between various authorities. It enables to balance interests of the Federal Center and regions. Conclusions. The spatial organization of information and communication interaction ensures the establishment of long-term, equal and mutually beneficial relations between the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

IMPROVING THE TOOLS OF STATE MANAGEMENT OF LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

The study emphasizes the urgency of the problem of improving the system of tools that can be effectively used to ensure effective and balanced local socio-economic development in Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to improve the tools of state management of local economic development. It has been proven that the effective regulation of the development of territorial communities is based on the capacity of the tools of local economic development, which is a complete complex consisting of goals, strategic tasks, goals, mechanisms and means of regulation. The goal of designing local economic development is determined, namely, in the form of developing tools and means of increasing the resource potential of strengthening the capacity of the community through: improving the investment climate and activating the business environment; improvement of entrepreneurial skills of the local population; strengthening the budgetary stability of the community as the basis of economic progress; strengthening cooperation with various target groups (youth, women, IDPs). It has been proven that in the process of ensuring the local economic development of the community, it is important to focus on solving the following tasks: development of tools for strengthening the economic capacity (self-sufficiency) of the community; improvement of resources attraction tools; strengthening of budget sustainability; development of means and measures for activation of entrepreneurial activity; development of tools for youth participation in decision-making and implementation of ideas for the future vision of community development. It is summarized that the implementation of the local economic development program involves the interaction of such subjects as: state and local self-government bodies, industry associations and business associations, business entities, public organizations and political parties, and the population. The key elements of the implementation mechanism of the local economic development program have been identified.

Перспективы развития институтов и технологий борьбы с терроризмом в Анголе

The article focuses on the growth of the terrorist threat in modern Angola and the prospects for its reduction. It is argued that the emerging situation is due to a combination of economic, political and social factors. Ensuring the stable development of society requires Angola to improve the quality of social institutions in terms of coun-ter-terrorism technology development. In particular, it is necessary to take into account possible terrorist innova-tions, which, in the absence of an institutional response, can make the country’s population more vulnerable to terrorist propaganda. Long-term counteraction to terrorism in Angola should be linked to the state program of economic development of lagging regions and economic diversification. The state development of the IT in-dustry looks particularly promising, which will not only strengthen the country’s economy, but also allow the state to develop effective counter-terrorism technologies in the digital space. A decisive contribution to reducing the level of the terrorist threat should be made by institutional changes that involve the legitimisation of Cabin-da's political elites, as well as the formation of a strong national identity, which is impossible without building a more inclusive education system.

The spatial and economic relationship between labour informality and homicides in Cali, Colombia

AbstractMotivationIn the analysis of the relationship between the labour market and crime, the variable that comes from the labour market is generally the unemployment rate. However, there are labour market characteristics that are more significant than unemployment, such as labour informality, in the context of violent crime in low‐income and middle‐income countries.PurposeThis article aims to estimate the spatial and economic relationship between homicides and labour informality by neighbourhood in Cali, the city with the highest homicide rate currently and historically in Colombia.Methods and approachUsing administrative data and a unique survey of formal and informal labour market conditions, we estimate a Spatial Durbin Model to capture the spatial endogeneity of the relationship between homicides and the labour market in the city's neighbourhoods.FindingsThe main results show evidence of the positive spatial and economic relationship between labour informality and homicides in the city's neighbourhoods. In addition, the bulk of this effect occurs in some hillside settlement neighbourhoods with characteristics associated with acute labour informality.Policy implicationsWe propose a social and economic development programme to improve the conditions of the informal labour market and therefore achieve a reduction in homicides in specific areas, such as city hot spots found in our spatial results.

Mapping digital health ecosystems in Africa in the context of endemic infectious and non-communicable diseases

Investments in digital health technologies such as artificial intelligence, wearable devices, and telemedicine may support Africa achieve United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goal for Health by 2030. We aimed to characterize and map digital health ecosystems of all 54 countries in Africa in the context of endemic infectious and non-communicable diseases (ID and NCD). We performed a cross-national ecological analysis of digital health ecosystems using 20-year data from the World Bank, UN Economic Commission for Africa, World Health Organization, and Joint UN Programme on HIV/AIDS. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients were used to characterize ecological correlations between exposure (technology characteristics) and outcome (IDs and NCDs incidence/mortality) variables. Weighted linear combination model was used as the decision rule, combining disease burden, technology access, and economy, to explain, rank, and map digital health ecosystems of a given country. The perspective of our analysis was to support government decision-making. The 20-year trend showed that technology characteristics have been steadily growing in Africa, including internet access, mobile cellular and fixed broadband subscriptions, high-technology manufacturing, GDP per capita, and adult literacy, while many countries have been overwhelmed by a double burden of IDs and NCDs. Inverse correlations exist between technology characteristics and ID burdens, such as fixed broadband subscription and incidence of tuberculosis and malaria, or GDP per capita and incidence of tuberculosis and malaria. Based on our models, countries that should prioritize digital health investments were South Africa, Nigeria, and Tanzania for HIV; Nigeria, South Africa, and Democratic Republic of the Congo (DROC) for tuberculosis; DROC, Nigeria, and Uganda for malaria; and Egypt, Nigeria, and Ethiopia for endemic NCDs including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, respiratory diseases, and malignancies. Countries such as Kenya, Ethiopia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Angola, and Mozambique were also highly affected by endemic IDs. By mapping digital health ecosystems in Africa, this study provides strategic guidance about where governments should prioritize digital health technology investments that require preliminary analysis of country-specific contexts to bring about sustainable health and economic returns. Building digital infrastructure should be a key part of economic development programs in countries with high disease burdens to ensure more equitable health outcomes. Though infrastructure developments alongside digital health technologies are the responsibility of governments, global health initiatives can cultivate digital health interventions substantially by bridging knowledge and investment gaps, both through technology transfer for local production and negotiation of prices for large-scale deployment of the most impactful digital health technologies.

Planning the development of rural areas: collisions of regulatory and legal support

The reform of the territory management system in Ukraine significantly expanded the powers of local authorities to increase their capacity to solve a number of socio-economic problems of rural areas. Both approaches to development planning and the document flow of its support has been changed. The purpose of the study is to identify inconsistencies in the legislative and regulatory framework regarding the requirements for the development of planning documents for the development of regions and territorial communities, as well as to develop proposals for their elimination. It was established that the corresponding update of legislation combined the classification features of the new and the old: the number of types of documents that should be formed by local self-government bodies has been increased and the scope of development coverage has been expanded. Believe that this overloads the document flow structure in strategic planning. It was established that using the program-target approach which was introduced in the budget process does not apply to the entire system of planning documents for the development of regions or territorial communities and has a recommendatory character. The need of regulating civil participation in the strategic planning of territorial communities was confirmed by strengthening the status of such a norm by enshrining it in legislation, as well as the transition from the level of informing the public to strengthening the ability to implement joint decisions and developments. In the course of research was revealed duplication of norms, inconsistency of terms of validity of strategic regional development planning documents, lack of uniform procedures for creating development programs, which have been forming by executive power bodies and local self-government bodies. The obsolescence and inconsistency of the norms of the Law of Ukraine "On state forecasting and development of economic and social development programs of Ukraine" in relation to the Law of Ukraine "On the principles of state regional policy" regarding the construction of a hierarchy of program documents for the development of territorial communities was noticed. The expediency of establishing the powers of formation and implementation of local target programs by local self-government bodies, standardizing the procedure for their development and monitoring of implementation has been substantiated. It is proposed to supplement the Law of Ukraine "On the principles of state regional policy" in terms of requirements for the formation of forecasts and program documents of economic and social development at the state and regional level; finalize the Procedure of developing, approving, implementing, monitoring and evaluating the implementation of strategies for the development of territorial communities in terms of increasing the responsibility of officials for not ensuring the conditions for citizen participation in strategic planning; develop methodological recommendations regarding the procedure of development, approval, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of local development programs, local (regional) development projects. Key words: regulatory and legal support, Local Government, strategic management and planning, territorial communities, management of community potential.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ФАКТОРОВ АДАПТАЦИИ СФЕРЫ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ К ПОТРЕБНОСТЯМ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ

The article is devoted to the issue of determining the adaptation factors of the higher education sphere to the needs of the national economy sectors. The relevance of the study is due to the necessity to find ways for increasing the productivity of results generated within the scope of higher education. In the course of the methodological substantiation of the solution of this scientific problem, the study of the results of the higher education sphere included in the research model was carried out, with the following enlarged groups identified: qualified personnel for the national economy, the results of research activities, the development of the territorial economy and the exchange of knowledge and the internationalization of higher education. The results obtained indicate that in order to increase the productivity of the higher education sector, it is necessary to develop programs for adapting the mechanism for managing the higher education sector while modifying the goals of scientific certification, modifying the goals in ensuring the connectivity of regional higher education systems and regional economic development programs as well as modifying the goals related to the projects on international mobility and attraction of foreign students and teachers.

Navigating Political Landscapes: Overcoming Geopolitical Adversaries in Nepal's Development Diplomacy

Nepal has achieved remarkable economic and social progress over the past two decades, but it still faces daunting challenges. The country is still wrestling with poverty, unemployment, and inequality. Its infrastructure remains inadequate, and it lacks the necessary human capital and resources to launch a sustained economic and social development program. Nepal's political system is still in transition, with the new constitution still being implemented. The Nepali government is committed to implementing the constitution and has taken steps to establish a federal system of government. The government must continue to prioritize economic and social development for achieving a prosperous future for the country and its people. This should include investments in infrastructure, human capital, and the productive sectors. The government must ensure political stability, which is essential for the country to attract foreign investment and foster economic growth. Nepal has to take advantage of its geopolitical position, with its unique position in between two powerful and important countries- India and China. Nepal’s relationship with both countries is important and should be developed further. Nepal can use its diplomatic relations and leverage to strengthen bilateral ties with both countries and build cooperation, which in turn can be used to promote the development of Nepal. Nepal should focus on building its capacity and expertise in the field of development and diplomacy. Nepal should look to further strengthen its ties with development partners such as the United Nations, World Bank, and other financial institutions. What are the challenges and opportunities of development diplomacy in Nepal? How can the shifting global geopolitical order impact Nepal's endeavors toward development diplomacy? This research revisits the prospects and challenges of Nepal's development diplomacy in the changing global geopolitical order based on a desk study.

Perspective directions of sustainable development of the fruit and vegetable subcomplex of the Republic of Belarus

The problem of increasing the efficiency of agricultural production and building up export potential is one of the priorities in the economic policy of our state, set out in the Program of Social and Economic Development of the Republic of Belarus for 2021–2025. In this regard, the development of proposals for increasing the efficiency of the country’s fruit and vegetable subcomplex is fully consistent with the goals and objectives of this document. The article offers scientific recommendations for improving the efficiency of the production of vegetables and fruit and berry products in the Republic of Belarus.

DESIGNING A FRAMEWORK OF INFLUENCING VARIABLES ON OPEN INNOVATION IN STARTUP COMPANIES

Purpose — The goal of this research is to create a model of influencing factors of open innovation (OI) in startups. This research has also looked into how OI affects gaining a competitive advantage by taking into account the moderator role of environment dynamics.Design/methodology/approach — Possible factors influencing OI in startups, determined through research background studies and interviews with experts in the startup fields, then along with the factors of competitive advantage and environmental dynamics, were evaluated in a sample of 120 managers of Iranian start-up companies. Using structural equation modelling, we analysed data collected from startup managers pertaining to variables of OI, competitive advantage, and environmental dynamics. Structural equation modelling is a multivariate analysis method that enables the examination of relationships among multiple variables within a model. A two-stage partial least squares structural equation modelling method was employed in this study. In the first stage, the construct validity and reliability of the measurement models were evaluated, and in the second stage, the conceptual model and research hypotheses were put to the test.Findings — Results showed that organisational entrepreneurship, open business model, knowledge management capabilities, absorption capacity, organisational readiness, and participatory capability are important influences on OI in startups. Furthermore, the study found that applying OI techniques can help startups succeed more often in gaining a competitive edge. Additionally, the study found that environmental dynamics have a positive moderating effect on this relationship.Practical implications — Considering the vital role of startups in economic development programs, the results of this research can lead the managers of start-up companies and growth centers to use the OI approach to overcome the limitations of being new and small. Also to survive startups and increase productivity and competitive advantage, startup managers by focusing on these factors can take steps to create the necessary internal foundations in the organisation and negotiate with large companies in line with better policies.Originality/value — The study’s significant contribution is believed to be the development of a model that identifies the factors that influence OI in startups. Moreover, the study verified the influence of OI on achieving competitive advantage, as per the established model, while also considering the moderating effect of environmental dynamics on this association.

NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK BASED ON UNIVERSITYCOMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT: A CASE OF THAILAND OTOP PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT FOR ELDERLY

One Tambon One Product (OTOP), Thailand’s economic development program has been used to support the local economy, create incomes on the grass root for the locals, and be one of the successful engines to drive local and country economies, which create business opportunities for the locals. This research demonstrates how the new OTOP development related to the role and cooperation between different parties, especially the university and the community that owns the OTOP product can be implemented. This research project is one of the University-community engagement projects to study and initiate OTOP product development from the three provinces of Chiang Mai, Lumphun and Lampang. This collaborative product development leads to three new and innovative products of OTOP based on the large survey and focus group of 1,275 elderly consumers. The value creation technique from local culture was employed to innovate the new products. This research developed the framework consisting of the three strategic stages of development. The cross-collaboration team are the main enabler. The OTOP cooperative ecosystem was tested and it found that this ecosystem can reciprocally benefit all the staffs including help configuring the organisation context and its entrepreneurship.

Identifying the Effective Factors and the Importance of the Harirud Watershed in Afghanistan and its Impact on Iran

One of the problems in the analysis of Hydro politics relations in the international river system is that the same factors can create a diverse range of conflict or cooperation, and even the same variable may play a different role in relation to other variables in each coastal country. Therefore, it is necessary to know the variables and the role that each variable plays in formulating a model for analyzing opportunities and risks for countries that share a watershed with other countries. One of the fundamental measures in the analysis of Hydro politics relations in the transboundary river system is to know the variables. Which play a role in the importance of transboundary waters for countries. Harirud water enters Iran from Afghanistan, and the location of its catchment area in the arid and semi-arid region of the world has made them dependent on Harirud water to meet their water needs. Afghanistan's development programs have caused a decrease in Harirud water entering Iran in such a way that it can create a challenge to Iran's security. Therefore, the question of the research is, what are the variables and indicators influencing the strategic importance of Harirud for Afghanistan, and what is its effect on Iran? For this purpose, 68 identification indicators and data were analyzed using the Delphi method and structural analysis method with Micmac software. In this research, 35 experts were selected, of which 25 participated in completing the Delphi questionnaires and 10 participated in completing the questionnaire of the mutual effects analysis matrix, and the answers of 8 of them were used to complete the matrix. is placed Based on the findings of the research, indicators of the importance of Harirud for national security, security of water resources, and implementation of economic development programs for Afghanistan are considered strategic indicators.

Management and functional approaches to local economic development of communities

Local economies are key factors for ensuring the sustainable development of regional economies and countries in general, so there is a need to use effective approaches to managing local economies. The purpose of the article was to analyse the use of managerial and functional approaches to manage local economies in Ukraine, Germany, the USA, Poland and China, and to make recommendations for improving the local economy in Ukraine based on this information. The research was carried out using the methods of analysis, synthesis, specification, comparison and generalisation. It was found that the use of a joint management and functional approach to determine the key functions of the local economy and create strategies for their development is the most effective approach. The importance of understanding the peculiarities of the local economy and accounting for local resources, infrastructure and potential for the development of effective development strategies was highlighted. The need to involve local communities and stakeholders in the process of developing and implementing such strategies was emphasised. It was determined that the following things will help improve the economic climate of communities: ensuring sustainable and long-term financing of local economic development programs and projects, active participation and support of local communities and business representatives, development of public-private partnership mechanisms, increasing the level of competence and qualifications local personnel, application of innovative technologies and approaches, development of the system of monitoring and evaluation of results, strengthening of international cooperation. The results of this study can be useful for participants of the local economy, and can also be the basis for future research in the field of local economic development

The Influence of Strategic Resources Based View and Corporate Social Responsibility on Economic Development Programs in Central Sulawesi Mediated by Community Development

The purpose of this study was to examine the direct effect of strategic resource base view and corporate social responsibility on economic development programs and the direct influence of community development on economic development programs and the indirect effect of strategic resource base view and corporate social responsibility on economic development programs mediated by the community. development. The model used in this study is to test the hypothesis by using the method of the Structural Equation Model (SEM). The software used for structural analysis is LISREL 8.80. Data were collected from a sample of 110 respondents who were deemed sufficient to represent the population. In taking the sample used a survey technique that is the entire population is used as a research sample. The findings of this study are that there is a direct strategic resource base view and corporate social responsibility on economic development programs and a direct influence of community development on economic development programs as well as indirect effects of strategic resource base view and corporate social responsibility on economic development programs mediated by community development. The seven hypotheses proposed were all proven to be accepted. Community Development plays a very important role as a mediation in improving the Strategic Resource Base View and Corporate Social Responsibility for the Economic Development Program. The limitation in this study is to take the results of previous studies from references above 5 years and sourced from several researchers in Indonesia and quantitative research and the data collection process takes place in a short time with a limited number of respondents. The implications of the results of this study are that there is a positive influence of Strategic Resource Base View and Corporate Social Responsibility on Community Development and has implications for the Economic Development Program.

The Influence of Strategic Resources Based View and Corporate Social Responsibility on Economic Development Programs in Central Sulawesi Mediated by Community Development

The Influence of Strategic Resources Based View and Corporate Social Responsibility on Economic Development Programs in Central Sulawesi Mediated by Community Development

Arrangements for monitoring of information communication between areas in the macro-region

Subject. This article discusses the importance of information and communication technologies (ICT) in strengthening of interregional economic ties. Objectives. The article aims to develop measures to optimize the exchange of information between regions in the process of implementing economic development programmes. Methods. For the study, I used a systems analysis, modeling, generalization, grouping, and forecasting. Results. The article proposes author-developed measures to optimize the monitoring of information and communication interaction between the regions and identifies the participants in the monitoring. Conclusions. Monitoring of information and communication interaction between the regions helps identify problems in a timely manner, assess the current state of the object under study, and choose directions of development.

Quality of life of the population of the Republic of Bashkortostan in the context of digitalization: Assessment methodology and management priorities

Subject. This article discusses the issues of collaborative engagement of authorities and the population. Objectives. The article aims to develop a system for assessing the quality of life of the population, taking into account subjective and objective factors. Methods. For the study, I used a statistical analysis. Results. To assess the quality of life of the population of the region, the article proposes to rank the areas depending on the level of socio-economic development. Conclusions. Taking into account the opinion of the population when designing economic development programmes will increase the effectiveness of actions to improve the quality of life in the Republic of Bashkortostan.

Evaluation methods and influence factors of heat extraction performance in hot dry rock reservoir under multi-field coupling

How to improve the heat extraction performance of HDR (hot dry rock) is one of the most concerned problems in HDR extraction. The key is to take a reasonable method to evaluate the heat extraction performance of hot dry rock and find out the main factors influencing the heat extraction performance of hot dry rock. The permeability of HDR reservoir, well type, well spacing, well pattern and injection flow rate of cold water have important influence on heat extraction performance of HDR reservoir. Based on this, a multi-field coupling mathematical model for injection and production of HDR is established and solved by finite element method to analyze the evolutions of seepage field, temperature field and stress field in HDR reservoir. Then, high temperature production time and heat extraction rate were introduced to quantitatively evaluate the heat extraction performance of HDR reservoir under different reservoir permeability, different well type, different well spacing, different well pattern and different injection flow rate. The research results show that different reservoir permeability has little influence on the heat extraction performance of HDR reservoir. Comparing the vertical well production system with the horizontal well production system, horizontal well production system has longer high temperature production time, and vertical well production system has higher heat extraction rate. The greater the well spacing and injection flow rate, the better the heat extraction performance of HDR reservoir. The heat extraction performance of the well pattern is not necessarily better than that of the one-injection and one-production well pattern, the heat extraction performance of the one-injection two-production well pattern and the two-injection one-production well pattern is worse than that of the one-injection one-production well pattern, and the heat extraction performance of the four-injection one-production well pattern and the one-injection four-production well pattern is better than that of the one-injection one-production well pattern. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of economic and reasonable HDR development program and working system, and realize efficient utilization of HDR reservoir.