Development Of Russian Economy Research Articles

Using the Achimovka Technique in the Oil Industry as One of the Modern Ways of Increasing the Competitiveness of the Russian Federation in the World Market

The relevance of this study lies in the fact that the modern oil market is characterized by instability and high competition. Depletion of oil fields, deterioration of equipment for oil production, price volatility and political conflicts negatively affect Russia’s position in the global energy market. New economic conditions in 2021 are associated with a decrease in demand for oil and oil products, high import dependence, conservation wells to complete the deal under OPEC ++, which will lead to a fall in the market by 3-10%. It is necessary to apply new methods of oil production, one of which is the method of achimovka oil fields. Methods. The initial materials were statistical data from the Center for Macroeconomic Analysis and Short-Term Forecasting, the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia, the Analytical Center for the Government of the Russian Federation, world rating reports. Results. The pandemic and self-isolation of 2020 led to the fact that the Russian oil sector lost 50-60% of proceeds from the export of hydrocarbons, more than 50% of its capitalization. To support the industry, the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia will allocate 35 billion rubles. until 2024 for the development of new offshore and deep oil deposits. Conclusions. For Russian oil companies, the following is relevant: search for new sales markets (for example, Asia); application of innovative technologies to maintain the profitability of oil and gas production through the development of bazhen and achimovka; development of small deposits and deposits with hard-to-recover reserves.

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ТРЕНДЫ ОЦЕНКИ ПРЕДЕЛЬНО ДОПУСТИМЫХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ РОССИИ

The paper considers the issues of adjusting the target and maximum permissible (critical) indicators of the state of economic security of Russia, taking into account the current legislative documents of the Russian Federation and the European Union, additions to the parameters and criteria of economic security proposed in the decrees and messages of the President of the Russian Federation. The article examines the main financial and economic indicators of Russia in comparison with indicators of economic security parameters and thresholds for 10 years. For the first time, an analysis of the monitoring and assessment of the state of economic security conducted by the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia is being carried out.

International Estimates of Russia’s Investment Image

Foreign direct investments are considered to be one of the drivers to stimulate Russian economic development. Increase of funds is highly dependent on current investment image. This article covers different estimates of Russia’s investment image by international rating agencies and research institutes. Sovereign credit ratings are considered to be major indicators of investment image. Leading foreign rating agencies currently estimate Russian credit rating as attractive for investors. Russia has entrenched a credible and consistent policy framework that will deliver improved macroeconomic stability, reduce the impact of oil price volatility on the economy, and support increased resilience to external shocks. Fitch agency considers that Russia's strengthened policy mix, underpinned by a more flexible exchange rate, a strong commitment to inflation-targeting and a prudent fiscal strategy. However, the continued threat of sanctions' escalation will weigh on Russia's external financing flexibility, investment and growth prospects. Some agencies underline the drawbacks of Russia economic development. These drawbacks are dependence on oil and natural gas export, weak banking system, bad corporate management. Current Ratings of the economic development depend greatly on how long the pandemic and social distancing will take place and on the measures that are taken place for increasing economic activities. Section 2 reviews the major estimates of Russian investment climate by different international research institutes. This section shows that Index of economic freedom, developed by Heritage Foundation and Wall Street Journal is of topical interest to potential investors. Russia has improved the position in ranking of economic freedom, but some serious drawbacks still exist. Some ways to improve Russia’s investment image are being suggested in Section 3.

Accommodative monetary policy, fiscal stimulus and foreign exchange reserves within the framework of Russian national economic interests: Long-standing problems and new challenges

Ultra-accommodative monetary policy, fiscal stimulus, and, as a result, growing debt were the main features of advanced economies development in the 2010s. The pandemic crises of 2020 intensified those trends. Russian authorities had to respond to the new challenges inspired by the global economic slowdown and massive lockdowns thru adopting relaxing monetary conditions and employing fiscal impetus. However, “the new financial reality” of zero-negative interest rates and fast-growing public debt in major advanced economies highlighted the long-standing problems of international financial architecture as well as created new challenges for the Russian national economy. In the article, the author analyzes monetary, fiscal and debt risks challenging the world economy during the last decade and concludes that under current circumstances continuing accumulation of foreign exchange reserves is resulting in growing dependence of Russia economy on the monetary policy of the world’s leading central banks, creating devaluation pressures on the ruble and, consequently, increasing outside inflationary impact on the domestic economy. Ultimately financing the already inflated budget deficits of the United States, the Eurozone and Japan and thereby feeding the wave of “debt tsunami” that is looming from these economies, the Russian Federation is losing investment resources that are so vital for sustainable economic growth recovery. The main goal of the article is to prove that within the framework of the new global financial reality, the further accumulation of foreign exchange reserves preserves ruble undervaluation and ultimately undermines the sustainable development and economic growth of the Russian economy. The author suggests the key elements for national economic policy aimed to support the domestic economy may and should be ruble appreciation. The adjusted paradigm of Russian economic development based on the import substitution model is a strong argument in favor of this proposal.

Features and trends of the Russian economy transformation process

The article deals with the issues of the transformational process of the Russian economy in recent years. It is emphasized that the formation of modern economic space occurs against the background of constantly changing conditions of economic reality. Trends in the development of the Russian economy are considered, the peculiarities of the Russian national economy are analyzed, taking into account its basic characteristics and development prospects. Particularly relevant is the consideration of transformational processes in connection with the formation of new standards of economic interconnections and opportunities for modern production. The main tasks and problems of Russian economic development with changing international priorities and strategic world transformations are noted. The special role of digitalization of society in the formation of modern business models, the identification of the advantages of digital reality is emphasized in this article. It is also highlighted that the changing conditions for the formation of the economic space is associated with the birth of a number of problems, including the strengthening of the role of state regulation of the public economy of Russia, the search for new instruments for the legal regulation of the national economy. Adapting the Russian economy to a constantly changing competitive market, the search for competitive advantages will mean the possibility for the Russian national economy to become a full member of the world community.

Optimizing the consolidated budget of the development Program for a diversified industrial complex

In a situation of economic downturn, complicated by COVID-19 pandemic, which has covered many countries in the world, including Russia, it is necessary to choose ways to ensure more or less sustainable economic growth. The condition in the Russian chemical complex is analyzed. The choice of the chemical complex as one of the priority ways of the Russian economic development has been substantiated. A conditional long-term development Program for the Russian chemical complex is worked out. This Program takes into account the shortcomings of fragmented government measures for the development of chemical and petrochemical industries. It is argued that the implementation of the Program will allow increasing the domestic supply for high-value-added hydrocarbon products, generally contributing to the reduction of the raw material share of Russian exports. The authors' earlier research to optimize structure of the development program for a large industrial complex in conditions of limited resources is developed. In particular, an approach to the choice of the optimal structure of the development program`s budget, consisting of such sources of financing as assignments from the national budget, private capital, long-term credits, as well as reinvested profit from investment projects participating in the Program is proposed. The results of economic and mathematical modeling and computer experimentation for optimizing structure of this Program`s consolidated budget, which make it possible to significantly improve its target indicators, as well as to involve socially significant low-profit investment projects of small and medium-sized businesses, are presented.

Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment of the Structural Convergence of the Economy in the Transition to Sustainable Development

At the present stage of the transition to sustainable development, when the share of a green economy in technologically advanced countries reaches one third of GDP, overcoming the structural crisis of the Russia is inseparable from reducing the technological gap and structural imbalances in the economy. These imbalances alienate Russia from ecologically and technologically advanced countries. Therefore, it is highly relevant to develop a methodology for assessing the structural convergence of the economy in the context of the transition to sustainable development, accompanied in developed countries by a new type of structural shift caused by the expansion of convergent technologies, the emergence of new principles of sectoral genesis and the formation of a green economy. The deepening of the divergent nature of Russian economy development was the result of a series of negative structural shifts that consolidated the dominance of extractive and resource-intensive industries, which threaten the final loss of technological identity, consolidation of the recessive trend and a lag in the transition to sustainable development. Therefore, today it is extremely important to formulate a methodology for assessing the structural convergence of Russian economy with technological and ecologically advanced countries, taking into account both quantitative and qualitative aspects.

Resource-abundance regions of Russia and «dark» side of innovations (cases of Kuzbass and Krasnoyarsk regions)

The paper is devoted to the study of entrepreneurs' ability those generate Schumpeterian innovations to be a subject of the Russian economy development. Regions those are rich in natural and mineral resources are the object of the study. Research methodology includes concept of dual enclave economy, concept of fragmented innovation systems, and concept of institutional entrepreneurship. Research method is represented with multifunctional φ-Fisher criterion. Activities of entrepreneurs of 'developmental institutions' in Kuzbass and Krasnoyarsk regions are analysed. It is revealed that entrepreneurs faced with a number of problems related not only to the existence of administrative barriers, but also to the lack of demand for their products from large companies, as well as the lack of access to necessary infrastructure. Most of entrepreneurs preferred individual form of interaction with regional authorities representatives that to solve these problems. These facts mean bounded positive externalities arising in the process of innovation activities.

Системный характер воспроизводственного процесса в сельском хозяйстве: векторы развития и актуальные меры по совершенствованию

Subject/Topic. Agriculture is one of the main drivers of the Russian economy development, as the food security of the country, the standard of living of the population in rural areas, as well as the development of related sectors of the national economy directly depend on its state. The study of production in agriculture from the standpoint of the process approach allows us to present it as a special type of activity aimed at creating all types of goods (material, social, etc.) to meet the needs of society and the national economy of the country. Goals/Objectives. The goal of the research is to determine the systematic nature of the reproductive process in agricultural production. The object of the research is the theoretical concepts of the reproduction process. The subject of the research is the formation of systematic elements in a regional agriculture. Results. The author's vision of the organization of the reproduction process in agriculture as a systemic category is presented.

Стратегии для России и в России

In this article we use the 100th anniversary of the development and approval of the GOELRO plan, the plan to electrify Russia (State Commission for the Electrification of Russia), as a cause to discuss the role of strategic planning in determining the economic destiny of our nation. Another reason for this is, of course, the lingering economic crisis in Russia and the inability to escape its grasp despite the growing number of strategies, programs, and projects being developed in Russia. The article suggests picking three points in time that were truly important for making fundamental decisions concerning the main development of the country for the subsequent years. The article proposes to consider these decisions, dating back to the early 1920-s, 1950-s, 1990-s, development strategies (strategies 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 respectively). The comparative analysis of their specific features, and conditions (internal and external) under which the strategies were developed and implemented, allowed the author to draw a line between first two strategies and the 1990-s strategy, and to formulate requirements for a new strategy (4.0). This new strategy is urgently needed not only for the economic recovery, but for constructing the economy that would make Russia one of the leading global economies. It should not only be able to provide the economy with opportunities for endogenous growth, but also for effective social development. In this regard, some thoughts are given on the recently published policy report on the strategic basis of the Russian economy development. The report is not, technically, a long-term economic development strategy, but by the expert community and the media it is perceived as a strategy for a certain ‘U-turn’ of the Russian economy

Роль и значение финансовой грамотности населения для эффективного развития экономики России на примере республики Башкортостан

Роль и значение финансовой грамотности населения для эффективного развития экономики России на примере республики Башкортостан

Анализ уровня и перспектив развития цифровой экономики: российские и глобальные тенденции

The article describes the digital economy as the most important trend in the world economic development in recent decades. Digital technologies have embraced the lives of individuals around the world, changed business processes and the activities of government bodies. There have been examined the main approaches to defining the essence of the digital economy, their transformation over the past 30 years and the formation of modern views, within which three main approaches to defining the digital economy have been identified: reproductive, cyber-system and institutional. The analysis of the development of the digital economy in the world was carried out using various indicators (business digitalization index, Information Communication Technologies development index, the level of digital competitiveness and others). As for the most digitally advanced countries, there can be mentioned the Scandinavian states, the Netherlands, the Republic of Korea, Hong Kong, Japan, Great Britain, and Switzerland. The largest digital economy in the world is in China. There are considered the main driving forces of the digital economy: a new data value chain and an increase in the number of digital platforms, accompanied by an increase in their quality. The main tendencies of digitalization processes in Russia are revealed: improvement of positions in world rankings, an increase in the proportion of economic entities actively using digital technologies. The development of the digital economy in Russia is constrained by a number of factors, which determines the need to use the successful experience of other countries in the following main areas: the development of digital platforms, the digital transformation of industry, and the improvement of the digital entrepreneurship ecosystem. The prospects for the development of the digital economy at the global and Russian levels are outlined: the growth in the rate of digitalization and its contribution to global economic growth and GDP, changes in the structure of employment, strengthening of the digital transformation of public administration.

Низкоуглеродная экономика: проблемы и перспективы развития в России

Objective: to systematize trends in the low-carbon economy in Russia and to identify drivers and inhibitors for its further development.Methods: description and comparison were used to identify the main trends in the low-carbon economy; the principal component method was used to classify specific indicators of resource and energy efficiency and to identify the key factors in the formation of a low-carbon economy.Results: the analysis of the dynamics of specific indicators of the low-carbon economy development in Russia showed a decrease in energy intensity, an increase in the electric power of labor in the industrial sector and the use of renewable energy sources, an increase in total greenhouse gas emissions and in the formation of production and consumption waste. Based on the principal component method, the author proposes a method for classifying the specific indicators and the key development factors and calculating an integral indicator of the low-carbon economy development. The key factors of the low-carbon economy development are identified: energy consumption and the ecological footprint of production, as well as inhibitors - consumption of fuel and energy resources per employee, total greenhouse gas emissions, and a low degree of waste disposal. Based on the analysis and modeling results, we suggest ways to improve efficiency in the sphere of resource and energy saving.Scientific novelty: the article for the first time proposed and tested the method of calculating the integral indicator for a low- carbon economy, taking into account the integral factors - energy consumption and the ecological footprint of production. Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in the development of programs and projects in the field of resource efficiency and reduction of negative impacts on the environment in the real sector of the economy.

Тенденции развития и доминантные характеристики человеческого капитала в условиях цифровой трансформации экономики

In the paper, the author attempts to determine spe-cific to the Russian economy development trends and characteristics of human capital. It is done in the context of digitalization of the economy in com-parison with global trends, such as intellectualiza-tion and creativization, virtualization and network-ing, integrativity and variability of education, coher-ence of competencies, a combination of conver-gence and divergence of technogenesis and anthro-pogenesis, based on content analysis of scientific literature and empirical sources. It is shown that the trends in the evolution of human capital in the Rus-sian economy in the context of digital transfor-mation generally correspond to current global trends. As features of the current stage of human capital development in the Russian economy, the weak involvement of the population in the process-es of continuing education, the low level of social capital development in vast rural areas of the coun-try, aggravated by digital inequality, and the short-age of regional universities that can play a key role in the formation of regional intellectual capital are identified. Overcoming these negative characteris-tics requires the development and implementation of new, global trends-oriented, effective forms and mechanisms for the reproduction of human capital.

Economic risks of language policy and language culture of youth in Russia

The purpose of the article was to classify and analyze the economic risks of language policy in Russia in the context of the peculiarities of the language culture of young people, as well as their ideas about the place and role of the Russian language in the economic development of Russia. The systemic nature of these risks, as well as the post-fundamentalist interpretation of political philosophy, allowed us to single out and classify the external and internal risks of language policy, as well as talk about the internal risks of language policy not only in the aspect of public policy (policy level), but also in the aspect of public activity and initiative (political level). It was revealed that the key problem of external risk management is the lack of certainty of the functional role of the Russian language. The key problem of managing internal risks is to change the emphasis of language policy from preserving the language situation to increasing human economic well-being, reducing language barriers as economic barriers. The fundamental problem of Russian language policy lies in the absolutization of the role of the state and its policy and insufficient attention to non-state actors, public organizations, communities and social groups as subjects of language policy. A reflection of the general inconsistency of modern Russian language policy is the state and peculiarities of the economic consciousness of young people, the study of which was undertaken by us in the aspect of the attitude and interpretation of foreign economic vocabulary by young people in Russian. It was found that, on the one hand, Russian youth demonstrates a positive attitude towards the possibility of finding and implementing Russian equivalents of foreign economic terms and concepts, and on the other hand, the study recorded an increase in skepticism towards this as young people grow up and are included in work and business. At the same time, it was revealed the importance of the educational sphere and the media as mediums for the transformation of language culture and tools of language policy.

Key Vectors of Regional Economic Policy: Expectations and Reality

The article investigates the structure of regional economic policy in historical context, from first years of market economy development in Russia to the current period of passing-over to digital economy. On the basis of dialectical method, system approach, practical analytical instruments, method of experts’ estimation reasons and consequences of evolution changes in regional economic policy were analyzed. Factors influencing the nature of social and economic processes on sub-national level were studied. The article shows today’s trends of space development characterized by the objective global process of raising the role of agglomeration in speeding-up economic growth, increasing labour productivity, incomes and standard of living of the population. Long-term prospects of development and functioning of rural territories were not evaluated adequately, though they play one of the key roles in growing geo-political influence of Russia in the world. Detail study of the theoretical base of regional economics allowed us to substantiate the issue of shifting the focus in managing the territorial development to macro-regional level and in this connection to renew instruments used for analytical purposes. By analyzing the home practice of state regulation a conclusion was drawn about the necessity to set up a specialized state structure for observing the process of strengthening the role of macro-regions and efficiency of shaping the adequate bodies of power to manage the space social and economic development.

Specific Features of Russian Economy Development on the Current Stage

The article studies the current economic situation in Russia: problems of economy development, the role of stateowned corporations and small and medium business in economy, problems of their interaction and key lines in development in the near future. The structure of domestic product of the country was described, as well as the role of certain industries of business in its formation. The chief goal of state is to re-orientate from resource-mining to resource – processing, which complies with the concept of added value and shall ensure the sustainable development of economic growth. The authors come to the conclusion that only interaction of big, medium and small business in the country can provide certain success in development, that human factor, interest of workers in results of enterprise work can become a decisive factor on the current stage. Key vectors of economy development in Russia have been identified. It was underlined that state must become an important regulator of market processes in the country. Today Russia must choose its future strategy: it can be either an inertial way of neo-liberal reforms and degrading of scientific potential or mobilization of intellectual resources to restructure economy on principles of developed market with the leading role of state.

The Impact of Finance and Business Activity of Special Economic Zone Residents on Social and Economic Development of the Region

On earlier stages of Russian economy establishment and development different institutional forms were built, which fostered social and economic development of territories, raising investment, attracting new technologies aimed at producing goods with high added value and cutting unemployment. The article discusses issues of special economic zone (SEZ), characterized as technical-introductory, and their impact on economic development of regions of their location. The efficiency of SEZ work was analyzed according to methodology approved by the Government of the Russian Federation. Statistics on key social and economic figures of regions proves the efficiency of SEZ work and their positive contribution to the territory development. A conclusion was drawn that SEZ in the near future can become key economic centers, which could integrate companies – SEZ residents by the cluster type and characterize the industry specialization of the region and at the same time could become a mighty stimulus for social and economic development of adjoining territories. Investment plans of companies – residents in the region and industry specialization of key companies and clusters on territories will start a new stage of building the efficient work aimed at complex SEZ development.

Цифровизация АПК: результаты, проблемы, направления развития

New large-scale agricultural development plans are associated with digitalization, which has become a global trend that sets a new paradigm for the development of Russian economy. The need to develop this study area predetermined the relevance and significance of the implementation of the departmental project “Digital Agriculture.” The article presents the directions of the transformation of agriculture in the conditions of digitalization and systematizes the results of the ongoing questionnaire on this issue. This fact became the basis for the identification of barriers in the industry and points of its development in this context. The paper analyses the existing digital technologies for agriculture. Special attention is paid to accurate agriculture and robotization, the advantages and effects of using them for agricultural production are shown. The study presents the results of a survey in the regions of Russia on the possibilities of using some elements of precision agriculture in the Southern Federal District. The coronavirus pandemic has accelerated the adoption and application of digital technologies. The symbiosis of the digital ecosystem of JSC “Rosselkhozbank” and the leading developer and integrator of digital solutions for the agro-industrial complex APK “IntTerra” created the conditions for appropriate activities for agribusiness through remote technologies. The study states urgent problems of the development and implementation of digital economy in agriculture: a low level of digital infrastructure development in the countryside, a rather low level of staffing, insufficient or complete lack of financial resources in the vast majority of agricultural producers for the introduction of technologies, lack or inefficiency of regional and municipal programs for agribusiness support that introduce digital technologies. The challenges that IT developers face are shown in this article. Priority areas of improvement of policy dealing with agro-industrial complex digitalization are suggested.

Prospects for the national projects implementation in the context of the coronavirus contagion

Subject. This article discusses the importance of national projects for the social and economic development of Russia. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the results of the implementation of national projects in the most important areas. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of logical and statistical analyses. Results. The article substantiates the view that the coronavirus infection factor, which has predetermined major changes in many areas of public life, will have a significant impact on the implementation of national projects. Conclusions. In the face of coronavirus disease spreading, the national project Healthcare has the best chance of being fully implemented and even additional funding, while the national project Education may not be fully implemented. A review of the project's targets is a prerequisite.