Economic Collaboration Research Articles

Beyond interdependence: Economic security and Sino-American-Australian trilateralism

China’s economic and politico-military development is placing considerable strain on the established framework of the trilateral relationship between itself, the United States, and Australia. Specifically, China’s rise is generating security concerns that are politicizing economic relations between the three states. A more guarded approach to economic collaboration will transform trilateralism, which up to now has been characterized by the scope allowed for the discrete pursuit of security and economic relations. This will force political authorities to carefully consider their policy priorities and further strain relations between the states, as well as supporting a more cautious approach to China on the part of the United States and Australia.

India’s Grants and Investments in Africa

In the contemporary era, the world has become integrated and multi-polar. In this process, many emerging economies and developing countries have shifted their economic interest from west to east and north to south. It has built the ‘rise of the south’ and expanding south–south economic collaboration, most importantly in trade and investment. India and Africa had cordial ties throughout the centuries; especially during the period of cold war era and in the fight against the colonialism and imperialism. During this period, both the regions have played an important role to protect and promote their mutual benefits. In this sphere, we can also see that the geographical state of affairs has played an important role to bridge the gap between the two regions. The contemporary period of liberalization, privatization and globalization has eliminated the boundary and space between the regions. In such a situation, it is significant to study the relations between the emerging economies—India as a ‘country’ and Africa as a ‘continent’ in terms of trade and investment. This article has tried to examine the nature of economic relations between the two regions and in this process, it has tried to track out the challenges and opportunities which are available in front of these two regions. This article has also evaluated the initiatives taken by both the regions.

Economic Concert, Collaboration and Prospective of Trade between India and Brazil

To throw light on the possibilities and limits of meaningful coalitions among emerging countries, this article focuses on Indo-Brazil trade relations. The article evaluates the structure of comparative advantage for India and Brazil and the change in the economic scenario over a 17-year period from 1995 to 2011. The article attempted to evaluate India–Brazil trade using revealed comparative advantage (RCA) and revealed import dependence (RID) analysis in exports and imports in different type of goods categorized on the basis of their production. The analysis shows broad similarities in the structure of comparative advantage for India and Brazil. Both India and Brazil enjoy comparative advantage for labour and resource intensive sectors in the global market. India enjoys comparative advantage in the exports of labour-intensive items such as textiles and scale-intensive items such as chemicals and iron and steel while Brazil enjoys advantage in manufacturing goods such as instruments, sanitary fittings and capital intensive products. Regarding trade intensity, there is a growing trend, as the export intensity index (EII) values for 10-year time period 1995–2004 present an average value of 0.58, the index value which is lower than 1, which means a lower intensity of export trade of India with its partner; however, from 2005 onwards there has been a growth with respect to the export intensity values which were above 1. The highest import intensity index (III) was registered in year 2009 which was 9.095. The III values registered from 1995 to 2011 were greater than 1, showing a great intensity of India’s import trade with Brazil.

A Culture of Solidarity?

In this article, based on interviews, ethnographic data, and documentary evidence, I examine the case of a Bolivian-Iranian hospital in the context of south-south scientific and economic collaboration. This hospital provides a lens through which we can understand the tensions between local and global processes. Medicine, in particular, has become a site where such alignments are made visible and tangible: the term ‘biogeopolitics’ helps to describe this process. I use the hospital as a way to illustrate what theory from the south might look like ethnographically, and conclude with a discussion of the contradictions and promises of theory from the south within south-south collaborations.

Identifying international research cooperation capabilities in information and communication technologies

This paper presents a methodological approach to the identification of potential priority areas to support the creation of policies for research cooperation. The analysis of national research capabilities is an important prerequisite in the development of research policies, in particular for developing strategies for international collaboration. In the past, the identification of a country’s research capabilities was often based on only a few indicators. Here a methodology is presented that takes a broad view of a country’s research and technology base and applies it to Australia, New Zealand and Singapore. The methodology for the identification of research capabilities is based on a multi-dimensional approach that takes into account existing information and communication technologies research and technology development groups based on their size and quality, the interests of the researchers based on interviews and national industry characteristics to identify the economic collaboration potential in thematic areas.

REGIONINIO IR STRATEGINIO BENDRADARBIAVIMO APRAIŠKOS LENKIJOS PARLAMENTINIŲ PARTIJŲ POLITINĖSE PROGRAMOSE

This article analyses programs of Poland Parliamentary political parties, which exclude vectors of foreign politics in the context of regional collaboration. The most important concept in this article is analysis of political parties and their ideologies, which show their importance in forming foreign politics in Poland. Priority areas of foreign politics in Poland are presented in the text.Analysis was conducted using analysing programs (2011) of Parliamentary parties such as Civic Platform, Law and Justice, Democratic Left Alliance and Polish People Party. The case of Palikot’s movement is absent in the article due to the fact that the vector of foreign politics is not excluded in its program. The main priorities of Poland’s foreign politics, its position in forming and performing the politics are analysed in the text. The focus of it is on how these priorities are presented in the programs of Parliamentary parties.There are two types of vectors which are useful in forming foreign politics: inner (e.g., features of party system or influence of other political subjects) and outer (relations between foreign politics in Poland and other countries, power of negotiation, ability to arrange coalitions). The role of Poland’s political parties in foreign politics is not clearly marked: it depends on various circumstances, most often on the composition of government. Identity, value system, election strategies: these are the basic concepts which influence the role of ideology in forming foreign politics. The main aim of ideology, however, is to adapt to new conditions of political arena. Ideology is not a dominant factor in forming the identity of political parties in Poland. Partial system in Poland is characterised as having weak base of experience and having a tendency to strengthen the role of the leader despite the fact that this role is restricted by political parties and ideology. On the other hand, despite the fact that ideology is becoming less dominant in forming political decisions, it is still important in political discourse. An assumption can be made that political system in Poland is marked by the weakness of partial ideology.Priorities of foreign politics in programs of various political parties in Poland are similar. Pro-European tendencies are reflected in the rhetorics of Civic Platform and Democratical Left Alliance. Economical factor is the most important in Law and Justice and Polish People Party programs. Transatlantic relations between Poland and NATO are important in programs of Civic Platform and Law and Justice. Agriculture in Poland and its problems are important factor mentioned in the programs of all analysed parties. Good relations with neighbour states are the priority factor in programs of all analysed parties, but Civic Platform and Democratic Left Alliance prefer it the most. Relations of Poland and developing countries as well as separate regions is also an important concept in programs of political parties. Ethnic minority of Poland and its problems in foreign countries is the core concept in the programs of Law and Justice and Polish People Party.Priority concepts of foreign politics in the programs (2011) of political parties in Poland are presented in the article. Position of these programs correlates with the official strategy of foreign politics in Poland. Poland wants to strengthen its position in political unions in order to create common perspective of European integration. What is more, Poland seeks to have good relations with NATO and to present itself as a reliable ally in transatlantic context. Moreover, Poland emphasizes the importance of collaboration with Ukraine and other Eastern European countries as well as collaboration with Southern Caucasus countries. In order to strengthen its position in foreign politics, Poland collaborates with Western countries, countries of Vysegrad group and it also encourages partnership with Eastern countries. Economical collaboration is one of the priority concepts; economical collaboration with Germany is the most successful one so far. Relations with diaspora and those citizens of Poland origin, who live in foreign countries, encourage closer relations with neighbour states, which have the highest concentration of Poles.

暴力によるビジネス

暴力によるビジネス

Динамическая игровая модель экономического сотрудничества

Динамическая игровая модель экономического сотрудничества

Global Power Transitions and Their Implications for the 21st Century

This essay presents a theoretical approach toward war and peace, reviews basic conditions for world leadership, discusses four modes of global power transitions, illuminates the likely emergence of the future superpowers, and summarizes the differences and common interests between the United States, the incumbent world leader, and China, a potential contender for the global leadership in the 21st century. The theoretical background is power‐transition theory, which predicts war when superpowers are close in power and peace when power preponderance exists. Power parity need be also considered in the context of common interests and preferences of superpowers. Conflict abates when the nations share fundamental rules of the game in world affairs. Four historical modes of transitions – co‐dominion, deterrence, confrontation, and cooperation – were identified. Of the four historical transitions, each time, the challenger surpassed the hegemon in economic power, and deterrence and confrontation by the hegemon against the challenger did not prevent the challenger from assuming global leadership in the long term. Among the newly rising nations (BRICs), China is discussed as a potential contender for world leadership. The economic and financial interdependence between the United States and China is currently the driving force in their relations. It shapes their political arrangements, necessitating coordination and cooperation in policy issues. While economic collaboration and interdependence drive the relations between the two, they are not sufficient conditions for a peaceful transition, until their political and security relations are solidified and their preferences coalesce substantively.

Joint Venture Formation Influencing Factors within the Aspect of Economic Policy Implemented in Belarus from EU Business Prospective

The aim of the paper is to perform analysis from the EU business point of view about the particularities of the creation of joint ventures in the EU neighbour country Belarus. The possibilities of economic collaboration are studied in the frame of the impact of Belarus political regime on the entrepreneurship and business activities. The research is focusing on the factors influencing business environment. Even if the business environment due to the strong intervention of State in Belarus is not very favourable for the entrance of foreign investments, the main benefits for EU interests in this country are: the importance and size of this market and the possibilities to go through the Custom union to Russian and Kazakh markets, the market penetration in several sectors by joint ventures to escape the taxation charges, the potential of growth in this market.

Russia-South Africa Relations: Collaboration in BRICS and the G-20

The paper investigates the features of Russia–South Africa relations in light of their membership in BRICS and the G-20. Collaboration with South Africa contributes to the creation of the multipolar world order and strengthens Russia’s position in such global governance institutions as the G-20, IMF and the World Trade Organization (WTO). It also helps to create global legitimacy of the multipolar system of international relations. The BRICS arrangement is an important intermediate negotiation ground between individual countries’ interests and the G-20. If member countries define a joint position on some matter within the BRICS format, it will have a higher chance of being approved by the G-20. New opportunities for economic co-operation provide additional benefits. The study’s results suggest that extensive economic opportunities can be developed through increased economic co-operation between Russia and South Africa. Though historically Russia has had a long-lasting political relationship with South Africa, to date economic collaboration between the countries continues to be very limited, and Russia places more weight on co-operation in international relations rather than on economic opportunities afforded by the BRICS forum. An increase in trade and investment flows is considered as the major area of strengthening co-operation between Russia and South Africa. On the whole, though co-operation within BRICS currently has more political than economic flavour, the development of further economic co-operation, along with an improvement in political relations, will make the overall BRICS forum more credible and reliable, as well as improve its members’ position within the G-20.

Xiamen

Xiamen was designated as one of the first four Special Economic Zones in China in 1980, and its rapid development during the past three decades has been a direct result of China’s economic reform. Xiamen’s rich culture, unique geographic position, trading tradition, and governmental policies have all contributed to its sustainable development. Xiamen is one of the most attractive, livable and sustainable cities in China as its advancement is well balanced between economic growth and environmental protection. Xiamen has been able to not only profit from its existing advantages but has also turned political conflict with Taiwan into opportunities for economic collaboration. Xiamen’s experience will be beneficial to many cities within China and around the world.

KAJIAN IT GOVERNANCE UNTUK PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIVITAS OPERASIONAL PELAYANAN PUBLIK

Development of Information Technology as a strategic tool, it is important to use to maximize the potential of the company in increasing resources and targeting strategies. The public service as a business process menlibatkan citizens have a high complexity so that the utilization of information technology needs to be a requirement that is not inevitable. Application of information technology systems and governance in the public service into an absolute concept is implemented to increase productivity, effectiveness and efficiency. Productivity, customer service effectiveness refers to the achievement of customer satisfaction. Benchmark customer satisfaction in the context of public service seems quick response citizens in the government's performance when the service performed. The main focus of government is to be achieved prosperity,profitability and good governance. A series of IT Governance concepts are applied in this study adopts the IT service management. The constraints in the implementation of IT Governance in the public service is the influence of social, political and economic collaboration between organizations and concepts. This study is a study conducted to determine selanjutkan will be developed in IT Governance strategies of public service.

PRODUCTS QUALITY RELIGIOUS-ETHNICAL REQUIREMENTS AND CERTIFICATION

The orientation towards the value of quality is a new trend of modern quality management sciences. The quality value orientations (national, social, religious, government bodies, market participants, and consumers) and quality culture are rather important in the global economical collaboration and trade, as well as in the international communication on the business, scientific or personal level. The orientations towards the value of quality are manifested in different aspects, such as customer preferences, the use of different management methods and systems, product and service consumption, assortment of goods, business lunch traditions, etc. The sphere where the relationship between the religion and quality is more than obvious – it is religious-ethnical quality, hygiene, ethical and certification control regulation of the Muslim halal products and Jewish kosher products. Unfortunately, the majority of European quality sciences textbooks and scientific articles do not baselessly include religious-ethnical products, quality and certification aspects. Quality sciences and quality academics must always be pioneers in innovations of management measures for business practice and society. Today this quality field is very important for business development of all European countries. This sort of certification can be directed to both products and their manufacturers. The article analyzes particularly one of the fastest growing products certification – halal certification. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the requirements for products manufactured for religious markets and also to prepare a working system to help manufacturers fit the requirements of halal certification. Methods. Analysis and comparison of halal certification requirements and quality assurance guidelines from different countries and institutions; analysis of scientific literature surveying the field of halal certification; the investigation; survey of halal certificated Lithuanian companies and questioning of the consumers. Author’s analysis shows that religious-ethnical requirements considering hygiene and product safety are mostly compatible with corresponding “elite” requirements. The importance of the halal product business is proved by the well-known international organization of quality and ethics of agricultural products and food standardization “Codex Alimentarius”, which belongs to World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) since 1997, it dedicates part of its developments to Muslim and Jewish products mentioned above. Unfortunately, the specific quality and certification requirements of halal and kosher products are little known by the majority of European businessmen. This fact, in our opinion, has a negative impact on the development and competitiveness of this business niche. Several Lithuanian companies already manufacture and export kosher products (veal, strong alcohol drinks, and flour products) and halal products (milk powder, starch, flour products, pharmaceutical herbs, etc.). The system of the halal certification preparation, implementation and support is presented, analyzed and discussed in the article. The results of a study that aimed to reveal realization and development prospects of halal products in such non-Muslim country as Lithuania are given here as well.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.em.17.2.2210

Transcending Mysticism and Building Identification Through Empowerment of the Rhetorical Agent: John F. Kennedy's Berlin Speeches on June 26, 1963

President John F. Kennedy's Berlin visit in 1963 served as an encouragement to West Germans and Berliners to keep their faith in the prevalence of Western values and continued political and economic collaboration with the United States. At the Rudolph Wilde Platz and at the Freie University in Berlin, Kennedy invited his German audience to adopt a Western identity based on the values of freedom, unity, and progress. Using Burke's Dramatistic Theory, we unveil the process of Germany's identification both with the West and with Kennedy. By depicting Germans as self-determined agents with an influence on their own historic course, Kennedy inspires his audience's hopes in a sovereign, united future, facilitating Germany's Western identity and the country's persistent cultural, economic, and political ties with the United States. We find that Kennedy's Berlin speeches illustrate the importance of cultural identification for building strong political relations across national borders.

International HRD in India - Developing Further Research Context

Indian HRD evolution in the history young in compared to the global HRD evolution. The international HRD is historically old in practice but not in evidential literature. After independence, the due to political and economical collaboration for development the govt. of India launched the ITEC. This scientific cooperation with the developing countries of the world has had forced India to adopt HRD at international level from standpoint of Political, Economics and Technology collaboration. Though India is ahead in HRD collaboration at global scale but systematic study on IHRD is yet rare. The author here pioneered the study on HRD collaboration in with South East Nations was the pioneering work. On the basis of existing studies and limitations these paper forwards further researchable ideas for enriching the IHRD of India at international level in future.

Regional economic integration and international strategic alliances: evidence from the EU

PurposeRegional economic integration has been a major area of research in the field of international economics and international trade, with little attention being paid to the impact of these economic collaborations on the organizational strategies of firms within the economically integrated regions. By building on the organization‐environment relationship paradigm, this paper aims to address the impact of environmental changes associated with economic integration, market commonality and currency commonality, on the patterns and structures of strategic alliances within members of the economic community.Design/methodology/approachUsing mixed linear models, the study looks at changes associated with the integration of the European Union and their effects on international alliances within the integrated area and among the various member countries.FindingsThe findings suggest that the emergence and the adoption of economic integration policies at the country level do impact the patterns and structures of strategic alliances practiced between member countries. Specifically, the adoption of common market policies among members of an economic community has implications on the pattern and structure of strategic collaborative relationships of firms within these member countries.Originality/valueWhile regional economic integrations have accelerated, theoretical and empirical research addressing their impact on multinational strategies has yet to catch up.

Economic Station-Centered Network and Invisible Collaboration: A Cyclic vs. Semi-Cyclic View

By our past review, this paper will verify the hypothesis that the autonomous (invisible) body balancing would be better under changeable demand speed and a leading principle in the collaborative networks. This hypothesis was first utilized in the Conveyor-Serviced Production System (CSP System) with cycle time by a Station-Centered Approach to the physical networks. Recently, we are ascertaining this hypothesis in cost/profit balancing under demand speed (invisible hand) at the economic body chain networks. Generally, it becomes simpler at series (cyclic) type, but would not be so at parallel (semi-cyclic) type. Throughout this paper, we will point out the principle of autonomous (invisible) body ba-lancing by demand speed (cycle time), and would extend to a parallel (semi-cyclic) supply chain by the Station-Centered Approach. This thing would bring the invisible merit that the profit maximization occurs at the relative cost balancing of each enterprise in a series-parallel body network.

Seismic reflection data processing of 3D surveys over an EOR CO2 injection

In this project three 3-D reflection seismic surveys were analyzed with respect to pre and post stack reflection processing steps that resulted in the identification of a possible pre-stack seismic attribute proxy for subsurface supercritical CO2. The project was part of the Bureau of Economic Geology collaboration with the National Energy Technology Laboratory of the United States Department of Energy and the Bureau of Economic Geology as part of a Southwest Regional CO2 Sequestration Partnership. A variety of processing techniques were used to calculate seismic attributes and invert the seismic post stack seismic data to determine acoustic impedance. Methodologies for acoustic impedance inversion included Model-based inversion, bandwidth limited inversion, colored inversion, sparse spike, and neural network. In addition, pre-stack amplitude variation with offset (AVO) analysis was completed using second order polynomial, third order polynomial, Shuey 2-term, Shuey 3-term, linear, Verm-Hilterman, Aki-Richards 2-term and Aki-Richards 3-term methods. Using a combination of Shuey 3-term coefficients we believe that we have identified a useful proxy for monitoring subsurface CO2. In our analysis the attribute anomaly variation proxy is spatially located above brine fluid, flat bottomed and appears to be pore-phase variation. It follows reasonable trapping geometries and appears to be linked with possible earlier CO2 injection sites.

The Belgian Economic Elite and the Punishment of Economic Collaboration after the Second World War: Power and Legitimacy (1944-1952)

Abstract Punishment of economic collaboration was a priority for the Belgian judiciary after the Second World War. This led to a confrontation with the Belgian economic elite: during the occupation they had organized themselves in the Galopin-committee. This informal committee, dominated by the leaders of holdings and banks, elaborated a code of conduct concerning production for Germany. In so doing, the committee assigned itself a political role. This code of conduct was more or less put into practice in the key sectors of the economy. The judiciary did not agree with the political role the economic elite had assigned itself nor with the interpretation of what could be considered as acceptable economic collaboration. Repression of economic collaboration became an issue of confrontation between the economic and judicial elite: even if ultimately only a few big entrepreneurs were punished, the traditional economic elite’s legitimacy was called into question. The elite’s position was, on the other hand, enhanced by the Belgian economy’s successful recovery after the liberation, which was combined with an increase in workers’ purchase power and the introduction of a social security system.