Evaluation Of Economic Benefits Research Articles

Potentials of Hydrogen Technologies for Sustainable Factory Systems

The industrial sector is the world’s second largest emitter of greenhouse gases, hence a methodology for decarbonizing factory systems is crucial for achieving global climate goals. Hydrogen is an important medium for the transition towards carbon neutral factories due to its broad applicability within the factory, including its use in electricity and heat generation and as a process gas or fuel. One of the main challenges is the identification of economically and environmentally suitable design scenarios, such as for the entire value chain for hydrogen generation and application. For example, the infrastructure for renewable electricity, hydrogen generation, hydrogen conversion (e.g. into synthetic fuels), storage and transport systems as well as application in the factory. Due to the high volatility of energy generation and the related dynamic interdependencies within a factory system, a valid technical, economic and environmental evaluation of benefits induced by hydrogen technologies can only be achieved using digital factory models. In this paper, we present a framework to integrate hydrogen technologies into factory systems. This enables decision makers to identify promising measures according to their expected impact and collect data for appropriate factory modelling. Furthermore, a concept for factory modelling and simulation is presented and demonstrated in a case study from the electronics industry, assessing the use of hydrogen for decentralized power and heat generation.

Economic Evaluation of Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) Based on Survey Data and I.O. Analysis

The functions of VTS are to ensure the security of waterways in the port, improve the efficiency of vessel navigation and avoid the pollution of the water, which is an important approach to water traffic management. It has apparent achievements in enhancing port operation efficiency and promoting the development of related industries. As a public service, the investment and operation cost of VTS is high. It has significant indirect economic and social benefits but relatively small direct economic benefits or profits. There is a lack of a unified method for the quantitative assessment of the VTS economic benefits. It is a meaningful topic that should be further explored in theoretical research. This paper analyzes and evaluates the connotation of VTS economic benefits and defines the scope of direct and indirect economic benefits. The direct economic benefits are classified with the specific business of VTS to establish a basic model, and sampling analysis is used to measure them in the application. For indirect economic benefits, the Input-Output Analysis (I-O) is used to measure them. The operational data of the Tianjin VTS is used as an example for verification. The correct understanding and evaluation of direct and indirect economic benefits generated by VTS is an inherent requirement to reflect the operational performance of VTS objectively and provides a scientific decision-making basis for the continuous investment and operation of VTS.

Economic benefit evaluation modelling of intelligent manufacturing enterprises based on entropy value method

In order to overcome the problems of low efficiency, low accuracy and high cost existing in the traditional evaluation model, this paper proposes a new economic benefit evaluation model of intellig...

Technical requirements and economic benefit evaluation of interaction between vessel charging and battery swapping stations and power Grid

Electric vessels have developed rapidly with the advancement of transportation electrification in recent years. The power battery capacity of large vessels usually reaches several MWhs, in which case battery change technology is more applicable. A vessel charging and battery swapping station has the dual attributes of power utilization and energy storage and can realize Vessel to Grid through charging and discharging facilities. Aiming at the scenarios of interaction between vessel charging and battery swapping stations and the power grid, this paper studied technical requirements of several participants, established an input-output analysis model and analyzed multiple influencing factors. The results show that revenues cannot be increased effectively with the increase of the number of spare batteries alone; the interactive service can achieve a balance of payments when the battery cost is higher than 1.4 ¥/ Wh, and; benefits may not be gained when the battery life is less than 5 years.

Cost-benefit evaluation of different low NOx combustors of natural gas boilers in Beijing

This study focuses on establishing a cost-benefit evaluation model of low NOx combustion technology and the environmental benefits and economic benefits evaluation of technology operation were carried out as well. Results showed that: (1) The operation cost per unit calorific supply of the low NOx combustor with larger capacity (14 MW) boilers was 1.5-2.1 yuan/GJ, which was 22.3% to 26.2% as much as that of boilers with smaller capacity (0.7 MW). Compared with scattered boilers with smaller capacity, it is more economical to use boilers with larger capacity for centralized heating. (2) The lower the NOx emission concentration was, the greater the NOx emission reduction was. Furthermore, the lower the NOx emission benefits of low NOx combustor per unit calorific supply was, the greater the economic benefit of NOx reduction per unit calorific supply was. Based on the environmental and economic benefits analysis, the lean premixed combustor is recommended for natural gas boilers with capacity of 7 MW and below, and flue gas recirculation combustor (FGR-30) could be selected for natural gas boilers with capacity above 7 MW to achieve the NOx retrofits requirements of 30 mg/m3 or 80 mg/m3.

Economic benefit evaluation modelling of intelligent manufacturing enterprises based on entropy value method

Economic benefit evaluation modelling of intelligent manufacturing enterprises based on entropy value method

Standard economic benefit evaluation of innovation-oriented enterprises——A case study of S enterprise

More and more innovation-oriented enterprises pay attention to standardization, but how much benefit standards can bring to the production and operation of enterprises is a matter of concern to managers. Therefore, it is of great significance to evaluate the impact of standards on the economic benefits of these enterprises. This paper takes S enterprise as an example to evaluate the impact of standards on its economic benefits.

Comparative evaluation of economic benefits of adopters and non-adopters of improved fish production technologies in Oyo State, Nigeria

This study assessed the Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, budgetary analysis profitability ratios and inferential statistics. The study revealed that a Significant level of profit obtained from the study is evidence that adopters had more profit than non-adopters. comparative evaluation of economic benefits of adopters and nonadopters of improved fish production technologies in Oyo State, Nigeria. Primary data were collected with the aid of structured interview schedule administered to 222 active fish farmers using purposive and simple random sampling procedure. dopters of improved fish production technologies earned mean revenue of N4,873,521.29 with gross margin of N2,376,616.36 while non-adopters earned N3,347,719.08 with gross margin of N1,432,805.00. The results showed Benefit Cost Ratio (1.69 and 1.49), Rate of Return on Investment (0.69 and 0.49), Gross Revenue ratio (0.59 and 0.67), Expenses Structure Ratio (0.15 and 0.17) and Net Profit Margin (0.41 and 0.33) for both the adopters and non-adopters. There was a significant association between adoption of improved technologies and sex, educational level, occupation and marital status. Also, there was a significant relationship between adoption of improved technology and age, years of experience and house hold size. There was a significant difference between the profit level of adopters and non-adopters of improved technologies.

An efficient strategy of phosphorus recovery: Electrochemical pretreatment enhanced the anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge

The anaerobic fermentation (AF) of waste activated sludge (WAS) with an electrochemical pretreatment (EPT) was investigated to determine its correlation with the release of phosphorus and the disintegration of WAS. The sludge was pretreated by holding under 4.5 V for 60 min, followed by AF for 9 days. Untreated sludge was used as the control group (no-EPT). Results showed that, with pretreatment, the total dissolved P (TDP), orthophosphate (PO43--P) and organic P (OP) reached the maximum values of 7.30 mg/L, 4.77 mg/L and 2.35 mg/L on day 8, respectively, which were approximately 5.3, 9.2 and 2.7 times greater than that in the control group. The analysis of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), protein and polysaccharides showed that the EPT promoted the disintegration of sludge, thereby enhancing the P release. The SCOD reached 1625 mg/L on day 6 in pretreatment experiment, which was about 9.8 times greater than that in control group. Additionally, the EPT contributed to fewer metal ions in sludge supernatant. This mechanism might have been due to the anions accumulating in the supernatant from the greater degree of sludge collapse after EPT, which caused the released metal ions to combine with anions to form insoluble compounds. In conclusion, EPT could be a promising method for the dissolution of sludge and the recovery of phosphorus from WAS under AF. Besides, the economic benefit evaluation showed the potential value of EPT for P recovery.

Precipitation Enhancement Experiments in Catchment Areas of Dams: Evaluation of Water Resource Augmentation and Economic Benefits

This study calculated the augmentation of water resources that can be achieved through precipitation enhancement and the ensuing economic benefits by conducting precipitation enhancement experiments using atmospheric aircraft in the catchment areas of 21 multipurpose dams in Korea. The maximum number of precipitation enhancement experiments to be carried out was estimated based on the frequency of occurrence of seedable clouds near each dam, using geostationary satellite data. The maximum quantity of water that can be obtained was calculated considering the mean precipitation enhancement and probability of success, as determined from the results of experiments conducted in South Korea during 2018–2019. The effective area of seeding was assumed 300 km2. In addition, the amount of hydroelectric power generation possible was determined from the quantity of water thus calculated. In conclusion, it was established that an approximate increase of 12.89 million m3 (90% confidence interval: 7.83–17.95 million m3) of water, and 4.79 (2.91–6.68) million kWh of electric power generation will be possible through approximately 96 precipitation enhancement operations in a year at the catchment area of Seomjin River (SJ) dam which has a high frequency of occurrence of seedable clouds, a large drainage area, and a high net head. An economic benefit of approximately 1.01 (0.61–1.40) million USD can be anticipated, the benefit/cost ratio being 1.46 (0.89–2.04).

Map-based variable-rate manure application in wheat using a data fusion approach

Poor manure management practices lead to excess nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) in soils that are still common in many countries in Europe. One way to optimize the economic returns and at the same time minimize the environmental impacts of poor manure management is by Variable Rate Manure (VRM) application. This work aimed at the evaluation of potential economic benefits of VRM application, compared to Uniform Rate Manure (URM) application, using advanced sensing, modeling and control technologies. Soil fertility attributes were measured using an on-line visible and near-infrared (vis-NIR) spectroscopy sensor, and crop normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was retrieved from Sentinel-2 images in a field of 8 ha with wheat in Flanders, Belgium. The predicted soil properties and the crop NDVI were clustered into a four-class fertility map using the k-mean clustering, each of which has different fertility level. The fertility map was overlaid by parallel strips representing URM, VRM1 and VRM2 treatments. VRM1 intended to apply 40 % more manure than URM to high fertility zones, 20 % more to medium-high fertility zones, 20 % less to medium-low fertility zones, and 40 % less to low fertility zones, whereas VRM2 adopted the opposite approach to that of VRM1. Results showed that VRM2 had increased crop yield by 1.5 % (0.19 t/ha), but reduced applied N by 4.1 % (11.01 kg/ha) and P by 7.1 % (3.72 kg/ha), compared to URM. The VRM1 approach consumed extra N of 5.21 kg/ha (1.8 %) and extra P of 1.63 kg/ha (3.1 %), to achieve a yield increase of 0.31 t/ha with a profit of 40.06 EUR/ha (2.1 %), compared to URM. However, a slightly smaller profit of VRM2 of 36.32 EUR/ha was calculated. Although VRM1 was more profitable than VRM2 by 0.2 % (3.74 EUR/ha), the latter is recommended as the best approach, as VRM1 increased environmental risks in the sense of increasing both N and P applied, by 5.9 % (17.12 kg/ha) and 10.4 % (5.35 kg/ha), respectively.

Evaluation of Social and Economic Benefits of Demand Response

The rapid development of demand response has realized the transformation of power system operation from isolated decision to interconnected communication, which is of great significance for improving power network flexibility, security and reliability. Also, by introducing demand response, power network investment for satisfying peak load could be delayed, while renewable energy consumption and power network economic operation could be promoted simultaneously. Based on the practice of demand response in China as well as to further encourage the application of demand response, this paper proposes a social and economic benefit evaluation model for demand response. Combined with the reality of China’s electric power system operation, social and economic benefits of demand response are scientifically evaluated. Also, capital requirements for China to promote the application of demand response is analysed and practical measures for demand response application are put forward.

Clinical effect and economic benefit evaluation of minimally invasive surgery for drivers with lumbar disc herniation

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of minimally invasive surgery in the treatment of professional drivers with lumbar disc herniation. Methods: 126 patients with lumbar disc herniation admitted to hospital from June 1, 2015 to December 30, 2018 were selected and divided into observation group (59 cases treated by percutaneous transforaminal endoscopy) and control group (67 cases treated with conventional conservative treatment) according to the treatment methods. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores (JOA) before and after treatment were analyzed retrospectively. Length of stay, time out of bed, hospitalization expenses and recurrence rate were evaluated. The measurement data was expressed by x±s, the comparison between groups was performed by t test, and the count data were analyzed by descriptive analysis. Results: Before treatment, there was no significant difference in gender, age, VAS score and JOA score between the two groups (P>0.05) . After treatment, compared with the control group, the VAS score of the observation group was lower, the JOA score was higher, the time out of bed was shorter, the average hospitalization time was reduced, the average hospitalization cost was higher, and the recurrence rates after Six months and one year were lower in the observation group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) . Conclusion: The clinical effect of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic treatment is better than that of conventional conservative treatment for driver＇s lumbar disc herniation.

Economic Benefit Evaluation of Water Resources Recycling Utilization based on Analytic Hierarchy Process

Wu, X., 2020. Economic benefit evaluation of water resources recycling utilization based on analytic hierarchy process. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 6–9. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.Due to the backwardness of current industrial production mode and technology and people's lack of understanding of water crisis and other reasons, there are low utilization efficiency and serious waste in the process of using water resources, which aggravates the shortage of water resources. In order to improve the utilization rate of water resources and improve the economic benefits of water resources, an evaluation method of economic benefits of water resources recycling based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is proposed. This paper introduces the theoretical basis of the development of circular economy, analyzes various modes of the development of circular economy of urban water resources, and forecasts the optimal water demand quota or water demand of a certain region in a certain period through the elastic coefficient method of water price. On this basis, the hierarchical structure model is established by using the multi index system of regional water resources recycling, and the directional distance function model is constructed to measure the water resources utilization efficiency reasonably. Finally, the index weight and comprehensive correlation degree are determined based on the analytic hierarchy process to realize the evaluation of economic benefits of water resources recycling. Based on the basic data of water resources utilization in a certain region from 2015 to 2019, this paper evaluates the benefits of water resources recycling utilization, and concludes that the economic development level has a significant positive effect on the water resources utilization efficiency, and the industrial water use efficiency is the main factor determining the water resources utilization efficiency. According to the results, it provides reference for the utilization of water resources.

A Summary of Technical Standards Implementation Benefit Evaluation Practice in Typical Countries

This paper has successively analyzed and compared the practice of the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Canada, Japan, ISO and other countries and organizations in the evaluation of standardization economic benefits. The collection channels and ways, and the design of evaluation model methods provide important inspiration for large enterprises to carry out technical standard implementation benefit evaluation.

Research on the Economic Benefits of Roof Photovoltaic Based on the Non-Subsidy Mode of Environmental Benefits

Photovoltaic power generation is the main alternative to coal power generation, in order to reflect the environmental benefits of photovoltaic power generation, this paper integrates the net carbon transaction cost and environmental protection tax in the life cycle of photovoltaic power generation into the calculation of indicators of LCOE and IRR, selects eight representative regions of China’s roof photovoltaic for economic benefit evaluation, and selects four indicators for sensitivity analysis of LCOE and IRR. The results show that the cost reduction range is 0.0083-0.0593 Yuan / kWh under the condition of measuring the net carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emissions, the establishment and improvement of carbon trading market and environmental protection tax will help to improve the economic benefits of users; other regions can achieve user side parity without considering the financing cost except Chongqing; reducing the cost of photovoltaic power generation and improving the unit power generation are the main factors to improve the economic benefits.

Analysis on coupling development of agricultural eco-economic system in Yan'an City under the background of gully control and land consolidation project

The gully control and land consolidation project is another major project of ecological environment management in Yan'an City following the Grain-for-Green project. Understanding the development and changes of the coupling relationship within agricultural eco-economic system in Yan'an City under the background of gully control and land consolidation project has important implications for scientific evaluation of ecological and economic benefits of the project as well as the coordination and sustainable development of agricultural eco-economy in the Loess Plateau. By constructing the coupling coordination degree model and coupling degree model of agricultural eco-economy system, we quantitatively analyzed the change of comprehensive evaluation index, state of coupling coordination, and trend of coupling degree evolution of the agricultural eco-economic system in Yan'an City from 2010 to 2018. The results showed that the comprehensive evaluation index of agricultural ecology and agricultural economy systems in Yan'an City from 2010 to 2018 both followed an S-shaped growth curve, with consistent trend. The coupling coordination index of the agricultural eco-economic system increased from 0.51 to 0.72, while the coupling coordination state developed from the primary coordination level to a good coordination level. Such a result indicated continuous improvement of the relationship between agricultural ecology and economy in the region and the coupling relationship of the system were developing with the direction of mutual coordination. During the study period, the agricultural eco-economic system coupling evolution was complicated and experienced different stages, including decline coupling, coordination coupling, repair coupling, and coordination coupling again. The coupling relationship was at the stage of coordinated development of rapid economic growth in 2018. The gully control and land consolidation project promoted the coupled and coordinated development of agricultural eco-economic system, but with a lagging effect.

PMD1 Effectiveness and Cost Analysis for Peripheral Inserted Central Catheter VS Central Venous Catheter in China

To assess economic benefit and comparative effectiveness evaluation of peripheral inserted central catheter (PICC) AND central venous catheter (CVC) to provide evidence for decision-maker and healthcare practitioner for selecting suitable central venous access device. A systematic review of published literature for PICC and CVC was carried out. Outcomes data was statistically pooled and meta-analysis conducted. Total cost analysis was conducted for these two different types of central venous catheters in China. :The total costs pertaining to product, maintenance and complications as well as catheterization cost for PICC was found to be lower than CVC per patient per day (PICC vs CVC: CNY 94 vs CNY 201). The meta-analytic synthesis showed, no statistical difference in the following outcomes: obstruction 1.10 [0.54, 2.23, p=0.79], complication rate 0.69 [0.31, 1.53, p=0.36], phlebitis rate 1.02[0.66 vs 1.59, P=0.92] and Ectopic rate 1.85[0.58 vs 5.91 p=0.3], between the two groups. However, pooled estimates for the outcomes comparing PICC and CVC were as follows: indwelling duration time 17.09 [16.59 17.59, p<0.01], success rate 2.49[1.96 3.16, p<0.01], complete chemotherapy cycle 1.99[1.43, 2.78, p<0.01], CLABSI 0.08 [0.01, 0.40,p<0.05]. PICC is cost-effective and shows statistically significant superior pooled clinical outcomes compared to CVC, from a Chinese healthcare perspective.

Evaluation of cucumber yield, economic benefit and water productivity under different soil matric potentials in solar greenhouses in North China

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus, L.) is widely grown in greenhouses in China as an offseason vegetable because of its high yield and economic benefits. Considering that cucumber is sensitive to soil water conditions, optimal irrigation scheduling may further enhance cucumber yields and water productivity. In this study, a 3-season experiment from January 2018 to July 2019 was conducted in a new type of commercial solar greenhouse in North China. Three irrigation treatments with controlled soil matric potentials (SMP) of -10 (T1), -15 (T2) and −20 kPa (T3) were established in drip irrigation plots, and the local practice of furrow irrigation was applied as the control (CK). The cucumber yield and economic benefit for each treatment were measured, and irrigation efficiency (IE), irrigation water productivity (WPI) and total economic, gross margin and net margin irrigation water productivities, referring to TEWPI, GEWPI and NEWPI, respectively, were evaluated. The results show that the fresh cucumber yields of the T1 treatment were the highest and were 2.2%, 4.3 and 4.4% higher than those of T2, T3 and CK, respectively. Similarly, the total revenue from T1 was the highest and was 2.2%-3.9% higher than those from the other three treatments. However, the total yields and revenue among the four treatments were not significantly (p > 0.05) different. The amount of irrigation water used in the CK treatment was the highest and was 126%, 188% and 204% higher than those in the T1, T2 and T3 treatments, respectively. The IEs in T1 to T3 were 1.03-1.38, and were much high than the value of 0.46 in CK, WPI and the three economic irrigation water productivities (TEWPI, GEWPI and NEWPI,) were the highest in T3 and close to those in T2, then followed by T1, and the lowest was found in CK. After fully considering the economic benefits and water productivity, an SMP threshold of -15 ∼ −20 kPa and a wetting depth of 20 cm is recommended for cucumber production in drip-irrigated greenhouses in North China.

Measurement and Evaluation of Economic Benefits of Marine Industry: A Grey Correlation–Based Analysis

Ma, S., 2020. Measurement and evaluation of economic benefits of marine industry: A grey correlation–based analysis. In: Gong, D.; Zhang, M., and Liu, R. (eds.), Advances in Coastal Research: Engineering, Industry, Economy, and Sustainable Development. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 106, pp. 77–80. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.Through the method of grey correlation analysis, study analyzed the economic effect and development power of China's marine economy based on China's marine economic data, which mainly come from the China Marine Economic Statistics Bulletin of the Department of Marine Strategic Planning and Economy, Ministry of Natural Resources, and the State Council of CHYXX. This paper mainly studied the data of China's total marine economy, the growth of marine primary, secondary, and tertiary industries, and the marine-related labor population in 2008–18, and calculated the per capita marine gross domestic product (GDP) and the per capita national GDP. This paper obtained the proportion of marine GDP in the national GDP. Through the min-max method, this paper analyzed the relevant data through the grey correlation analysis method and drew the following conclusion. The proportion of China's marine economy in the national economy is relatively high, and the location entropy of the marine economy has been stable at a high level of more than 3.50.