Economic Background Research Articles

Analysis Study Of Paulo Freire's Thoughts And Its Application In Elementary Education

The application of Freire's thinking in the context of elementary education can be seen through a dialogical and critical approach in teaching. Teachers not only convey knowledge, but also act as facilitators who help students to think critically and be actively involved in the learning process. The type of research used in this study is library research . Data sources in this library research consist of two categories: 1). Primary Data Sources: The main books written by Paulo Freire, especially Pedagogy of the Oppressed (1970). 2). Secondary Data Sources: Scientific articles, journals and research reports that discuss the application of Freire's thinking in elementary education. The results of the study show that 1). Critical Conscientization in Elementary Education is a process in which individuals understand the social and political injustices around them. 2). Dialogical Education in Elementary Education is a key element in education, where teachers and students learn from each other through two-way communication. 3). Humanistic and Inclusive Education in Elementary Education is where every student is valued as an individual who has the potential to develop, without discrimination based on social and economic background. 4). Implications for Basic Education in Indonesia are that the recently introduced independent curriculum gives teachers and students more freedom to explore subject matter flexibly, in accordance with the principles of liberating and dialogical education as taught by Freire

Children from the poor families seem to grow up earlier: An examination of how family economy stress links to career exploration.

Career exploration, a critical antecedent to college students' career choices and employment, offers essential guidance for their career development. However, existing research has not explored how changes in family economic stress impact career exploration. Drawing on social cognitive career theory, this study aims to deepen our understanding of the complex interplay between family economic stress and career exploration among vocational school students. We tested our hypotheses using three-time lagged data collected from 600 vocational school students studying in mainland China. As expected, family economic stress positively predicts career exploration via love of money. Additionally, both students' effective part-time behavior and teacher support were found to positively moderate the indirect relationship between family economic stress and career exploration through love of money. We attempt to highlight the broader implications of understanding the nuanced ways in which economic background shapes career exploration. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Family-based sexual health intervention for adolescents; A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Family-based interventions are important in promoting adolescent sexual health outcomes. However, the effectiveness of these interventions in promoting adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) in Lower and middle-income countries (LMIC) has not been empirically evaluated. This review aimed to summarise the effectiveness of family-based sexual and reproductive health interventions in promoting ASRH in LMIC. Methods We conducted a systematic search for studies published in English from 2000 to October 2023 using MEDLINE, PsyINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases. Studies were included if they involved adolescents aged 10-19 years, included family members in a key intervention component, evaluated the effectiveness of the interventions using an experimental or quasi-experimental design, assessed ASRH outcomes reported by adolescents and were conducted in LMIC setting. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals were computed and meta-analyses were conducted using random effect models. Results Ten articles involving 2,246 participants were included in the review. The studies were nostly conducted in Africa. Across studies, there was no significant impact of family-based interventions in improving adolescent sexual health knowledge (SMD=0.5, 95%CI: -1.98 to 2.98), attitudes (SMD= -0.05, 95%CI: -1.92 to 1.82), practices (SMD=0.53, 95%CI: -0.69 to 1.75), or sexual communication with their family (SMD= 0.14, 95%CI: -0.42 to 0.7). Although individual studies reported a mixed effect of family-based interventions in improving sexual health outcomes, the pooled results from the meta-analysis showed no significant impact of family-based interventions. Conclusions Our review did not find any significant impact of family-based interventions in improving ASRH in LMIC. We recommend interventions using innovative approaches and novel strategies to align with the socio-cultural and economic background of the study setting. Key messages • This study found no significant impact of family-based interventions in improving ASRH in LMIC. • Additional studies, particularly from Asia, using culturally relevant interventions is required in this area.

Demographic and Socio-Economic Characteristics of Student Migration in Nepal

Student migration, defined as the movement of students to pursue education abroad for at least a year outside their country of citizenship, has transformed into a market-driven phenomenon due to the globalization of higher education. As the demand for international education surges, an increasing number of students perceive it as a pathway to potential permanent residency. The cultural and economic contributions of these international students have prompted stakeholders to facilitate their entry and integration. While North America, Europe, Australia, New Zealand, and East and Southeast Asia remain primary destinations, emerging educational hubs like Malaysia, the United Arab Emirates, and Singapore are witnessing a rise in international student enrollment. Nepal is a microcosm of this global trend, with thousands of its citizens pursuing higher education abroad annually. A comprehensive analysis of the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of Nepalese students studying abroad reveals complex patterns influenced by factors such as geographic origin, gender, age, religion, marital status, and economic background. The preference for countries like Japan, characterized by favorable policies and educational opportunities, is particularly pronounced among students from regions like Lumbini and Madesh. These disparities underscore the persistence of sociocultural barriers hindering educational opportunities for women and the inequitable access to international education among students from different socioeconomic strata. To effectively support Nepalese students abroad, it is imperative to develop tailored policies and support systems that address the diverse needs and backgrounds of this population.

Influence of Planning on Implementation of Inclusive Education in Regular Primary Schools in Samia Sub-County, Kenya

Inclusive schooling is defined as the practice of including everyone irrespective of talent, disability, socio – economic background or cultural origin in supportive regular schools, classrooms where all students’ needs are met (Stainback and Stainback, 2000). This study focuses attention on the influence of planning on implementation of inclusive education in the regular primary schools in Samia District. The researcher used descriptive research. The study utilized a sample of forty-nine (49) teachers who are in the four schools practicing inclusive education. The researcher used simple random sampling for sampling the population. Each and every member had an equal and independent opportunity in the selection, (Kombo and Tromp, 2006). The four schools practicing inclusive Education in the District were included. The schools shared similar socio-economic, political and cultural background. Pilot study was done in a school outside the district because of the fewer schools practicing inclusive education in the district. An interview schedule for the teachers in charge, questionnaires for the head-teachers, different questionnaire for the regular teacher population and another questionnaire for teachers in the units were administered. Observation schedule was also carried out. Findings in the study indicated that the regular teachers were not trained to handle learners with Special needs. The government has tried to provide teaching/learning resources to the regular learners but not provided for learners with special needs for example Braille. Schools were not constructed to favour learners with special needs since there were no facilities like adopted toilets, ramps and the like. Most children identified to these schools are intellectually challenged and a few from other categories. The research recommends that every regular teacher should be trained to handle children with special needs for proper accommodation in schools, availability of adequate facilities and all-round personnel to carter for the diversity such as medical personnel, community at large should be sensitized on the values of accommodation of the diversity. Finally, the research recommends that before implementation of inclusive education can be emphasized, there should be effective planning since it is a powerful weapon in any educational system

The Adverse Effect of Dehumanizing Practices on Student Engagement and Learning in English Language Teaching Classroom

Knowingly or unknowingly, forgetting our multilingual and multicultural scenario, teachers’ behaviors may create social inequalities and injustices in the classroom; in the name of the dominant language of the school and power relation. Our classroom context is multilingual, multicultural and bilingual where students come from different economic and linguistic background. To some extent, our school system, including textbooks, instruction, curriculum, teaching practices seem to have influenced by the dominant ‘English/Nepali only’ approach. Furthermore, some teachers may not motivate minority students looking their low economic status, uncombed hair, roughly managed shirt-paint, unpolished shoes and low proficiency in English language. In this context, this paper aims to analyze the difficulties and struggle of demotivated (due to teachers’ bias behaviors and friends’ insult upon their appearance and language) Nepali language speaking children’s experiences as they feel insulted in school environment. To fulfill this objective, I adopted narrative research design in line with the qualitative research method. Discussing on the basis of classroom observation and unstructured interviews with the student, this paper analyzes that how the learners are marginalized and forbidden equal access to participate in the mainstream of social and political life that enhances their better learning opportunity and participation in classroom and society to what Bourdieu’s word symbolic violence with some examples of how such social inequalities and injustices are seen in school’s teaching-learning practices. Specially, given the problematic nature of schooling for such learners in some of the schools in Nepal, this paper highlights the need for socially responsive school policies and critical pedagogy, aiming at challenging and changing certain practices having identified a problem; originally propounded by Paulo Freire, a Brazilian educator; understanding the difficulties of living in poverty, local context entertaining the linguistic and cultural diversity of students. This study contributes to all the educational stakeholders to update and change themselves as human- friendly behaviours with the learners that can maintain social equalities and justice.

Pay for a free service, access to cesarean section in the slums of Dakar

BackgroundIn sub-Saharan Africa, equitable access to cesarean section remains a major challenge for reducing maternal and neonatal mortality, particularly among disadvantaged populations. This situation is further exacerbated in slums, where women face significant financial barriers to accessing expensive healthcare services, such as cesarean. Within this context, this paper aims to study access to emergency cesarean services among women living in the slums of Dakar, considering the free cesarean policy implemented in Senegal since 2005.MethodQuantitative data were collected using a cross-sectional retrospective approach, from 18 health facility managers and 260 women living in slums in Dakar who had undergone cesarean delivery between July and December 2022. The surveys aimed to collect socio-demographic data on women and the costs they paid to have a cesarean section, as well as on the application of the policy of free caesarean sections by public health facilities. The data were processed using Stata.ResultsThe results indicated that poor women residing in Dakar slums do have access to emergency cesarean section services in public health facilities. However, a significant portion of these women come from impoverished households and lack higher education, making them more vulnerable to financial constraints when seeking a C-section. Despite cesarean sections being performed primarily based on medical necessity, regardless of the woman's economic status, ethnicity, or educational background, women often find themselves having to pay substantial amounts to undergo the procedure. This is particularly concerning, as cesarean sections are intended to be entirely free in public health facilities in Senegal. Health facility managers attribute this financial burden to the State, which recurrently delays reimbursements for cesarean sections, forcing them to charge women higher prices for the procedure.ConclusionA more rigorous enforcement of the policy for free cesarean section could greatly enhance access to this obstetric practice for women living in the slums of Dakar.

Factors Influencing the Selection of Dentistry as a Career Among Prospective Candidates: A Multicentre Cross-Sectional Study.

This study aimed to analyse the impact of sociodemographic factors on dental school candidates' decision to pursue dentistry as their career of choice. Candidates shortlisted by three dental schools were invited to participate in a self-administered questionnaire study, featuring a validated instrument containing sociodemographic questions and 16 motivational items grouped into four domains: economic, professional, vocational and personal background reasons. The variations in motivational item scores across sociodemographic factors were assessed using the Mann-Whitney U test (age, sex, ethnicity, having relatives in the dental profession and dentistry as the first choice) and Kruskal-Wallis test (dental school and family income). A total of 295 dental school candidates participated in the study (Universiti Teknologi MARA: 137; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia: 99; MAHSA University: 59). Approximately 95% of participants identified dentistry as their primary career choice, with the vocational motivation of 'I like to help people' being the most prominent motivational factor. Dental school emerged as the critical factor significantly influencing three quarters of the motivational items. Sex, ethnicity and having relatives in the dental profession were the remaining factors significantly associated with variations in certain motivational items. Both dental school and ethnicity significantly affected four motivational domains (economic, professional, vocational and personal background). This study provides an insightful overview of the sociodemographic factors that impact career decision-making among prospective dental students. The scores for most motivational items varied among shortlisted candidates in three dental schools. The findings hold implications for policy development in dentistry by universities and public policymakers.

A Journey Through Islamic Art Exhibition: Purification of Form, Ineradicable in Content

Throughout the years, the manifestations of Islamic art from east and west have been diverse in the formalistic aspects but united in its spiritual essence. The wide range of ornamental motifs, stylisation, placement, material, and context is constantly changing according to the current trend of the period, reflecting the historical, social-cultural and economic background it was produced. This ensues that change is inevitably bound to happen, where traditional approach in Islamic art might not be suitable to implement in the modern society due to the unavailability of precious materials and patronage as before. Despite the challenge, the “Islamic” identity in their artworks is still being discretely preserved in their expression despite implementing and combining new techniques, styles, forms, and materials with traditional approaches. This creates an asymmetrical balance that embraces change while maintaining the Islamic principle, philosophy, and spiritual allure in their artistic production where the artists design their art to be parallel and in context with modernity. However, the Islamic identity in contemporary artworks is difficult to identify and challenging to decipher as the visual expression differs significantly from traditional art forms that people are accustomed to, making it vaguely recognised and understood. This constant and dynamic flux of tolerance and acculturation is something that is being visually exhibited by the Islamic Arts Museum Malaysia (IAMM) in their special curation “A Journey Through Islamic Art” that showcases traditional and contemporary form of Islamic art in the same place. Although the curation is impressive, but the visual tension it creates invokes the mind to think deeply about what makes an Islamic art “Islamic” and what is the suitable approach to appropriately fathom and consider the art piece as a work of “Islamic art” as the physical form of calligraphy alone is not sufficient for it to be considered as “Islamic.”

Konsep Peserta Didik Dalam Pemikiran Abdul Wahid Hasyim

This research aims to explore the concept of learners, the values and principles underlying the concept of learners and the role of learners in the educational process in the thought of Abdul Wahid Hasyim. This research is a library research using a descriptive qualitative approach with documentation data collection techniques and data analysis using Milles and Huberman analysis techniques. The concept of learners thought Abdul Wahid Hasyim: 1) Individuals have unique potential and should be developed holistically including intellectual, moral, spiritual, and social aspects. 2) The importance of education as a means to prepare students to become responsible individuals and contribute positively to society. 3) Teaching Islamic values as a moral and spiritual foundation for education as an integral part of the learning process. 4) The importance of equality in education, regardless of social or economic background, has the same right to gain access and benefit from education. The values of the concept of learners thought Abdul Wahid Hasyim: 1) Humanity and Justice, 2) Character Building and Morality, 3) Independence and Responsibility, 4) Religion and Spirituality, and 5) Creativity and Innovation. The role of learners: 1) Active Subject in Learning, 2) Development of Individual Potential, 3) Responsibility in Learning, 4) Character and Personality Building, and 5) Collaborative Teacher-Learner Relationship. The relevance of Abdul Wahid Hasyim's concept of learners in the context of modern education: 1) Holistic Approach in Education, 2) Active Involvement of Learners in Learning, 3) Character and Morality Building, 4) Equality in Access and Educational Opportunities and 5) Development of Creativity and Innovation.

A pathway to improved maternity research in Northern Ireland? Novel linkage of Northern Ireland Longitudinal Study and Northern Ireland Maternity Services System

ObjectiveOur primary objective was to determine the social and demographic determinants of interpregnancy weight change. A secondary aim is to highlight the novel linkage of two data resources in Northern Ireland (NI) and the potential for transformative research in maternal health. ApproachWe piloted a process to link two datasets in a safe, legal and ethical manner. The NI Maternity Services System (NIMATS) provides access to biological variables collected during the gestational period. The NI Longitudinal Study (NILS) is a rich source of Census information providing a demographic, social and economic background we would not otherwise obtain from NIMATS alone. ResultsThe linkage of these two datasets has allowed us to link pregnancies to the same mother, enabling exploration of weight changes during the interpregnancy period(s). In NI, just over half of women giving birth (52%) were overweight. This is the highest in the UK. Descriptive statistics provided further insight into the current situation together with logistic regression which identified socio-economic and demographic correlates of interpregnancy weight changes. Conclusion & ImplicationsObservation of women during pregnancy, linked with longitudinal, administrative data has provided valuable insights into the important public health issue of maternal obesity and into which socio-economic groups are most vulnerable to weight gain between pregnancies. Further research in maternal health has the potential to be facilitated by the unique linkage of NILS and NIMATS. This is important given the rise in complicated pregnancies during recent years and changes in maternal socio-demographic profiles.

Comparative Analysis Between Japan's Real Estate Economy and China's Real Estate Status

Japan's real estate bubble economy in the 1990s caused a major blow to the Japanese economy, Japan entered the "disappearing 30 years". The causes of Japan's real estate bubble economy and the reasons why the bubble burst are worthy of the world's countries to learn from. 21st century since the rapid development of China's real estate economy, housing prices are growing rapidly. The real estate economy has been overheated in some areas, although the Chinese government has taken relevant measures to cool down, still can't relax the vigilance, people should always pay attention to the overheated areas of real estate prices, land prices. Through the comparison between China and Japan, although the economic structure and development trend are similar when the property overheating phenomenon occurs, the economic development background and international background between the two countries are different, and the governments of the two countries have adopted different strategies to deal with the property overheating phenomenon. So in conclusion, although there are some areas in China where real estate is overheating, China's real estate market will not burst the bubble. In order to prevent China's real estate bubble from bursting and its impact on economic development, China should pay attention to the reasons behind it and make targeted policy adjustments, while also drawing on the lessons learned from other countries to promote the healthy and stable development of the real estate economy.

Influence of Socio Economic Background on Educational Attainment in Rural Rajbanshi Youth

Influence of Socio Economic Background on Educational Attainment in Rural Rajbanshi Youth

Women and Poverty: Case Study of Female Labor (TKW) in Indramayu Regency

Women are often paired with poverty problems, structural and cultural obstacles seem to never stop entangling them. The choice to become a migrant worker has become a dream of a decent and prosperous life that for him cannot be relied on by anyone, including the government. With a more dominant economic background and low human resources, women are often powerless to get out of the problems that come to them. Even though it is widely depicted in the media about the grim portrait of migrant workers in various cases, the number of migrant workers continues to increase from year to year. Some of the underlying points are that the employment opportunities available at home are limited and labour wages abroad are much higher than those at home. As the second largest contributor of foreign exchange after oil and gas, TKW should receive more attention, including its rights to obtain protection as a citizen

Influence of non-genetic factors on milk production traits of Gangatiri cattle in Varanasi district of Uttar Pradesh

Research was carried out to examine the influence of non-genetic factors on the milk production characteristics of Gangatiri cows. The study was analyzed from 1254 Gangatiri cows across three tehsils (Pindra, Rajatalab, and Sadar) in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. The objective was to ascertain the effects of a number of variables on lactation duration, daily milk production, and lactation milk production including the area, calving season, farmer's economic background, parity, and age at first calving. The overall average means for lactation milk production, daily production of milk, and lactation period were discovered to be 794.6413 kg, 3.956 kg, and 203.8327 days, respectively. The comparison of different parameters indicated that non-genetic factors had a significant impact on milk production. These factors include the region where the survey was conducted, the calving season, the financial context of the farmer, parity or lactation, and first calving age. By analyzing the mean of these parameters, we could determine their impact on milk yield potentials. Given the influence of external variables and differences in the qualities under investigation, the study indicates that significant improvements in the population of Gangatiri cattle can be accomplished by improved management.

Enhancing Quality of School Education through DTH Channels in Andhra Pradesh

The role of technology has expanded to such an extent that ICT is prevalent in every aspect of life. ICT promotes integration of information for imparting easily accessible, affordable and quality education. There is an inconsistency between the widely accepted promise of ICT to transform teaching and learning and its actual implementation. The National education policy 2020 aspires and aim to make our country global knowledge superpower .The policy built on the foundational pillars of Access, Equity ,Quality ,Affordability and Accountability has been aligned to the 2030 agenda for sustainable development and aims to transform India into a vibrant knowledge society and global knowledge superpower by ensuring equitable and universal access to the highest quality education for all learners regardless of social and economic background.

Indeks Massa Tubuh Menurut Usia, Aktivitas Fisik, dan Pola Makan Pada Remaja SMP Negeri 13 Semarang

Nutritional status is a health condition that occurs as a result of a comparison between needs and the fulfillment of nutritional substances. There are several factors that can influence a person's nutritional status, namely suitability of needs with food intake, physical activity, increased nutritional needs due to various diseases, and other factors such as social and economic background. The nutritional status of adolescents can be described through measuring BMI/U. The prevalence of underweight in adolescents aged 13-15 years, based on research and development data from the Ministry of Health in 2013, is 11.1% (3.3% very thin and 7.8% thin) while for obese people aged 13-15 years was 10.8% (2.5% very obese and 8.3% obese). Data was obtained by interviews regarding identity, student age, weight and height measurements, exercise and physical activity habits, eating patterns and interpretation of nutritional status on Z-Score BMI according to Age. The results of this study showed that 59.5% of students had good nutritional status, 15.7% of students had overweight nutritional status, 13% of students have poor nutritional status, 10.3% of students have poor nutritional status, 1.6% students have obesity nutritional status.

Video Game Addiction in Young People (8-18 Years Old) after the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Grey Area of Addiction and the Phenomenon of "Gaming Non-Pathological Abuse (GNPA)".

In the literature, video game addiction in youths is correlated with dysfunctional symptoms of anxiety, emotional disorders, and mood disorders, and the pandemic period of 2020-2022 has favored the aggravation of this behavioral addiction. Therefore, we identified the need to analyze this phenomenon with an emphasis on the risks and correlates related to deviance and maladjustment from a prospective perspective, seeking to understand the impact of the individual variables examined. To demonstrate whether the condition of "gaming non-pathological abuse" (GNPA) promotes psychopathological features of clinical interest, in the absence of a diagnosis of "gaming disorder" (GD). A search performed on PubMed and administration of an ad hoc sociological questionnaire were used to investigate individual variables of criminological interest in a representative population sample (531 males/females, 8-18 years old, M: 14.4, SD: 2.5). Statistical analysis showed that after the pandemic period, digital video game addiction was reinforced, feeding psychopathological traits consistent with anxiety, emotional disorders, and mood disorders. Variables correlated with impulsive, aggressive, and violent behavior related to age, gender, socio-environmental and economic background, and the severity of digital video game addiction. In the youth population (8-18 years), "gaming non-pathological abuse" (GNPA) is related to aggressive, impulsive and violent behaviors that foster phenomena of social maladjustment and deviance, especially in individuals living in disadvantaged or otherwise complex socio-economic and family contexts. Looking forward, the study of structural and functional personality profiles is essential in order to anticipate and reduce the future risk of psychopathological and criminal behavior.

Factors Causing Peritoneal Tuberculosis in Children with A Family Nursing Approach: Case Report

The morbidity rate of children due to tuberculosis (TB) including peritoneal TB is still high. It is very important to know the factors that cause Peritoneal Tuberculosis in children, so that it can prevent and reduce morbidity rates by using a family nursing approach that not only involves children, but also involves families so as to support the health of children and families holistically. This study aims to determine what factors cause cases of Peritoneal Tuberculosis in children using a family nursing approach. The method used is case report. This study examined 9 factors causing Peritoneal Tuberculosis, namely nutritional status, age, gender, residential density, air circulation at home, home lighting, BCG immunization history, economic background, and parental knowledge related to Peritoneal Tuberculosis. The study was conducted for 6 home visits with a family nursing care approach, namely the Friedman framework assessment, intervention, implementation, and evaluation and online follow-up 3 times. Each visit lasted 30 to 45 minutes. Factors causing Peritoneal TB in children include nutritional status, age of the child, housing density, house lighting and air circulation at home, gender, BCG immunization history, economic background, and parental knowledge. The main factors that caused An.Z to develop Peritoneal Tuberculosis were nutritional status and environmental conditions in the house, such as occupancy density, lighting, and air circulation in the house.

Research on the path of green technology innovation driven by the Environmental Protection Tax Law: Based on data of heavy polluting enterprises.

Environmental Protection Tax Law (EPTL) is a compulsory environmental regulation measure adopted by China to deal with environmental problems. However, with the advancement of implementation, the EPTL produces a dissimilation effect and damages the realization of the Porter hypothesis effect. The study examines the dissimilation effect of green technology innovation regulated by the EPTL using sample data from heavy pollution firms in China. According to the empirical test results: (1) the coordination between levies and administrations, differential tax rate setting, tax information sharing, definition of the scope of levy and administration, tax declaration counseling, and tax rate level verification produce the dissimilation effect; (2) the Porter hypothesis effect of the EPTL is the most significant in medium-sized enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises. By constructing the research model group of dissimilation effect, this study analyzes the application of environmental regulation in China's social and economic background, thus providing a reference for developing of the green economy.