Economic Activity Of Enterprise Research Articles

A Brief Analysis of Internal Control Strategies for Financial Risks in Listed Companies

In an era of intensifying competition, a more complex socio-economic environment, and rapid technological advancement, financial risks throughout all economic activities of enterprises have become a critical concern. These risks affect not only the stability of individual businesses and financial markets but also the economic security of countries. Effective financial risk control requires a systematic approach and the integration of efforts across various functional departments to ensure stable and sustainable development of enterprises. This paper provides recommendations on managing financial and operational risks based on internal control theories, China’s regulatory norms, and perspectives from economics and management.

ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИИ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ КРИТИЧЕСКИ ВАЖНЫХ ОБЪЕКТОВ НА ОСНОВЕ МОДЕРНИЗАЦИИ ПРИРОДОЭКСПЛУАТИРУЮЩЕЙ ИНФРАСТРУКТУРЫ И РАЗВИТИЯ КОРПОРАТИВНЫХ ПРИРОДООХРАННЫХ СИСТЕМ

The article provides a study of economic security, both from doctrinal and practical points of view, on the economic activities of enterprises in the context of its interface with environmental standards established by Russian legislation. The essence of the basic concepts is revealed - “ecological safety” and “state of security”, which are the most important indicators of well-being in the environmental sphere and compliance with the conditions of long-term and comfortable living of humans and animals. Arguments are made in favor of the need for widespread implementation of environmental protection systems in order to increase the economic efficiency and safety of enterprises operating on a closed cycle principle, whose activities affect the ecological sphere and affect the environment, which is especially important for critical facilities in Russia. The conclusions formulated in the course of the study can be applied for further study and optimization of the processes of ensuring technological and environmental safety and increasing the economic security of enterprises, as well as critical infrastructure facilities in our country.

Regulating Foreign Economic Activity of Enterprises of Non-Ferrous Metallurgy in Russia in Conditions of Global Crisis

Non-ferrous metallurgy, as one of principle industries of Russian economy, since the beginning of the global geopolitical crisis has been facing a number of serious problems, including distribution restrictions. In such circumstances iron and steel companies need state support. To develop foreign economic activity business requires not only fast re-orientation to new markets but also thorough help. In case of situation deterioration direct regulation of foreign economic activity of producers will become important. In view of this setting-up of a specialized agency, which could supervise foreign economic activity of the most important industries and support key enterprises can be useful. Its functions can include talks and contract operations and compensations for companies with short-received profits under their contracts. In such cases key factors affecting the amount of compensation shall be taken into account. The author proposed a formula, which can help estimations made by the agency.

Innovative development of water transport enterprises as a branch of high-tech industry

The article is devoted to the innovative development of enterprises of high-tech products on the example of water transport. Water transport refers to high-tech products and in this regard, its production has a rather complex production logistics (intellectual, supply, organizational, financial, information, personnel, innovation, etc.) [2-3]. In this regard, the search for promising directions in the development of high-tech products becomes particularly relevant and important: a real opportunity to implement research and innovation and investment projects, the implementation of which will bring enterprises of the high-tech industry for the production of water transport to leading positions not only in the national economy, but also in the world [4-6]. This determines the importance of monitoring research projects as a vector for the development of innovative production at two levels: product (high-tech products) and technological (innovative technologies) [7]. The innovative vector of development of enterprises of high-tech products allows the actual efficiency of high-tech production to be brought closer to full potential efficiency, other things being equal, production factors in a short time of the stage of research and scientific and technical development of the life cycle of products of shipbuilding products, which is given the main attention in the article [6-7]. At the same time, an innovative approach, introducing products into industrial circulation, naturally provides conditions for further scientific and technical (innovative) development of both the products themselves and technologies (in other words, early introduction of products ensures its early withdrawal: the speed of the wheel of economic efficiency of production activities). When the actual efficiency of the limit of the potential efficiency of technological production is reached, in accordance with the laws of synergy, there is a leap, an innovative transition to a new (next, subsequent) level of potential efficiency of production of high-tech products, which naturally puts forward new requirements of an innovative nature to production. Otherwise, production due to the (law) moral aging of industrial products is doomed to bankruptcy due to the so-called factor of technological flexibility of production (TG). Which (TG), if organizationally taken into account in the economic activities of enterprises as forecasting, planning and management (design and innovation management), forms (economically ensures) the sustainable functioning and development of enterprises of high-tech products in modern conditions (the wheel of economic efficiency of production activities is the human factor): in the market model of the state transformation of a product (product) into a commodity and contracting.

Methods for assessing risks of sustainable development of an enterprise: Theory and empirical analysis

Subject. The study deals with risk assessment of sustainable development of the enterprise. Objectives. The purpose is to review and evaluate the main methods for analysis of social, environmental, and economic condition of the company, build a risk model and underpin its key methodological stages; provide empirical proof of the proposed concept based on data from financial and non-financial reporting and stock market risk of the organization. Methods. The study employs techniques of stochastic and deterministic types of analysis of enterprise economic activity. Results. The paper offers a new method to assess ESG risk based on a normative approach to calculating risk indicators. I modified the classical parameter of the challenge to sustainable development, as well as the methodology for integrated assessment of sustainable business development. Conclusions. The risk theory is currently a worthy way to obtain transparent and objective information to assess the sustainable development of a corporate unit. The proposed risk analysis tool for a complex of socio-ecological and economic areas has a better quality of explanation of the current situation in the stock market than the classical valuation technique that serves as its basis.

Civil-military cooperation and public control over the activities of local self-government bodies

The purpose of the article is to determine the specific features of civil-military cooperation and public control over the activities of local self­government bodies.
 The article shows that in the context of a high- intensity armed conflict, the impact of corruption and other risks that have a destructive impact on the local self-government system is growing. Arguments are presented about the existence of risks of violation of human and civil rights as a result of unlawful actions of civilian and military officials. Attention is focused on the decline in economic activity of enterprises and the population living near the contact line as a result of ill-considered provision of humanitarian aid. The article establishes the absence or imperfection of legal mechanisms to influence persons who refuse to evacuate from the areas of hostilities, if such "refuseniks" take care of children, the elderly or persons with disabilities.
 Public control is a complex social entity whose mission is to create preconditions for continuous improvement of the controlled entities' activities by searching for and analyzing errors in their activities and identifying ways to eliminate them. The concept of public control over the activities of local self­government bodies and civil-military cooperation structures is formulated as an analytical and search work of civil society institutions aimed at determining whether the activities of the controlled entities comply with their functions, powers, restrictions and prohibitions established by law.
 The legal framework for civic control over the activities of local self-government bodies and civil- military cooperation structures is currently being developed. Legislation governing the activities of local self-government bodies is largely outdated and does not take into account the realities of the martial law regime. Instead, the legislative basis for civil-military cooperation has not yet been created, which leads to an arbitrary interpretation of the essence of civil-military cooperation by different actors.

TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND ITS ROLE IN IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE ENTERPRISE

The essence of the technical and economic analysis aimed at improving the economic activity of enterprises and making optimal management decisions depending on the obtained results is revealed. It is pointed out the need to carry out a complex and systematic technical and economic analysis of the production and economic activity of the enterprise in order to objectively evaluate its results, which will contribute to increasing the efficiency of production. Systematicity consists in the study of the object as part of a higher-level system, and complexity - in the comprehensive and interdependent assessment of elements, the analysis of many characteristics of the enterprise's activity, which are reflected in the system of analytical and evaluation indicators. At the same time, the methods of comprehensive assessment of the enterprise's activity and the directions of its implementation are given, based on general indicators of production efficiency, financial condition and competitiveness. The most important tasks of the technical and economic analysis of the enterprise's activity are highlighted in order to ensure the scientific and economic validity of the enterprise's activity plans and the implementation of control over their implementation. It is emphasized that one of the important directions of the technical and economic analysis of the production and economic activity of the enterprise is not only its assessment, but also diagnostics, determination of factors affecting the analyzed indicators, and identification of reserves for improving work efficiency. Technical and economic analysis is basically intra-informative analysis. In the process of such an analysis, the activity of all structural subdivisions of the enterprise, services, shops, districts, teams and individual workplaces is investigated. The source of information for such an analysis is planning and normative data, operational and accounting materials, off-account data. Technical and economic analysis is carried out daily, for a decade, a month, a quarter, a year before drawing up the final report. Important management decisions are made based on the results of the analysis. Depending on the results of the diagnosis of the main indicators and the factors affecting them, it is proposed to make economic-mathematical and simulation models, the reliability of the analysis results will depend on their correct construction. For a more complete study of the activities of enterprises, it is recommended to use factor and correlation analyses based on mathematical, statistical and economic methods.

Agricultural enterprise economic security systems modelling

The research relevance was determined by the current conditions of economic instability and the growing influence of external factors on the economic activities of enterprises, understanding and effective management of economic security issues is becoming extremely important for ensuring the sustainability of agricultural enterprises. The study aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the economic security of an agricultural enterprise, focusing on identifying key aspects and their impact on the sustainability and viability of the enterprise. The study employed an analytical method, statistical method, functional method, system analysis method, deduction method, synthesis method and comparison method. This study focuses on the economic security of agricultural enterprises, considering the complex aspects of efficiency, risk protection and the ability to adapt to changes in the economic environment. The study defines economic security as a systematic approach to risk management and sustainability. Particular attention is devoted to responding to changes in the external environment, such as price fluctuations, climate anomalies and global market trends. Theoretical models, such as the risk system model, effective resource management, innovative development, and global competitiveness, which determine various aspects of economic security, were considered. The study focuses on the financial condition of the agricultural company Kernel, which proved to be dynamic and ambiguous in 2020-2023. The analysis includes factors such as the impact of geopolitical events and economic instability due to the war. The company implements strategies for global competitiveness, demonstrating flexibility, innovation, and diversification to ensure sustainability. Strategies are proposed to expand production diversification, improve risk management, and use innovative technologies to adapt to climate change. The practical application of this study lies in the possibility of using the results and recommendations developed on their basis to improve the economic security systems of agricultural enterprises

Modern production and ecology: Points of mutual understanding

The article is devoted to the consideration of the impact of the environmental factor on economic processes. It is noted that the ecological factor, reflecting the influence of environmental conditions on production processes, the use of minerals and other natural resources, land and water resources, atmospheric air, natural flora and fauna in the economic activities of enterprises, is of particular importance in modern economic conditions. The paper presents the main theoretical approaches to the significance of the development of ecological agricultural production in the conditions of increasing negative processes in the biosphere. The analysis of economic activity of the Russian enterprise concerning its ecological component on the example of LLC “Greenhouse Complex YugAgroHolding”, located on the territory of the Chechen Republic is carried out. The necessity of active implementation of waste-free technologies and reuse of exhausted resources in production was substantiated. The importance of the development of ecologically oriented agricultural production with minimization of environmental impact was determined.

ВИЖИВАННЯ ПОСТРАЖДАЛИХ ВІД ВІЙНИ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ І ЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ ЛЮДСЬКОГО КАПІТАЛУ: ЗАХОДИ АДАПТАЦІЇ

The purpose of the article is to assess the negative effects of the war on the economic activity of enterprises, generalize the best experience of adaptation measures and methods of survival of enterprises in wartime, ways of preserving human capital. On this basis, the formation of proposals for innovative organizational measures for enterprises of the IT sector and other areas of the economy in order to ensure the functioning of enterprises and personnel support. In the course of the study the basic methods of economic analysis (systematization, generalization, comparative analysis) is used to highlight the distinctive features of the traditional economic crisis and the wartime crisis, revealed foreign experience regarding priority programs and tools for supporting the war economy. Statistical analysis and analysis of the regulatory and legal framework are applied in the study of the influence of the state of war on the activities of domestic enterprises, critical analysis of the methodological and organizational basis of the methodology for assessing losses caused by damage to the property of enterprises. In order to aggregate the experience of adaptation measures and staff support of domestic enterprises, an author's expert survey is conducted, and the data summarization method also used. The article highlights the results of the study of the problems of the functioning of enterprises during the war and the adaptation measures they resort to in order to preserve human capital. A comparative analysis of the traditional crisis and the crisis caused by war are carried out according to various characteristics – causes of occurrence, duration, scale, possibility of localization of negative consequences, availability of infrastructure, workforce and client base – with a special emphasis on their impact on human capital. The typical difficulties faced by enterprises are revealed, and the destructive effects of the war on the functioning of enterprises are assessed. There are summarized critical comments regarding the method of determining damage and the amount of damage based on the assessment of property destroyed during hostilities, and given conceptual proposals for its improvement. Based on the analysis of foreign and domestic experience of supporting economic activity in war conditions, relocation programs, the activities of enterprises and their personnel, there is proposed a systematized list of measures to prevent the negative impact of war on the activities of enterprises and the preservation of human capital.

ЦІЛЬОВЕ ВИТРАЧАННЯ БЮДЖЕТНИХ КОШТІВ ЯК ОДНЕ З ОСНОВНИХ ЗАВДАНЬ СУДОВО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ЕКСПЕРТИЗИ ДОКУМЕНТІВ ПРО ЕКОНОМІЧНУ ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ Й ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙ

The article is devoted to the targeted expenditure of budgetary funds as one of the main tasks of forensic economic examination of documents on economic activities of enterprises and organizations. It is noted that the classic examples of misuse of budgetary funds are expenditures under the codes of economic classification of expenditures. The author provides four examples of new types of budgetary offenses committed by budgetary entities. The author also provides the measures of influence which may be applied to participants of the budget process for violations in terms of misuse of budget funds. The author provides a regulatory and legal interpretation of the term "misuse of budgetary funds" and substantiates the need to involve expert economists in criminal proceedings. The author analyzes the views of scholars and practitioners on the interpretation of the term "forensic economic examination of the misuse of budgetary funds". The author characterizes the objects of forensic economic examination of the misuse of budgetary funds, which means the information provided in the documents used in the process of budget execution, primary documents, accounting registers, financial and budgetary reporting of budget managers and recipients. The article provides a list of documents which may be subject to examination in the course of forensic economic examination with a view to identifying misuse of budgetary funds by officials. The article highlights the peculiarities of appointing a forensic economic examination on the issues of misuse of budgetary funds. The author summarizes the basic postulates on which the conduct of forensic economic examinations of misuse of budgetary funds is based. The essence of the methodology of forensic economic examination of the misuse of budgetary funds is indicated. The author makes a conclusion about the importance of the results obtained in conducting forensic economic examinations of the misuse of budgetary funds by their recipient, which is one of the sources of evidence in a trial.

Методичні аспекти підготовки інтегрованої звітності

Enterprises carry out financial and economic activities under constant changes, which directly or indirectly affect the content, volume and structure of information flows arising from identifying, measuring and formalising data related to economic operations and their results. The article aims to identify the elements of the preparation method of integrated reporting, the application of which by the accountant will help increase the degree of satisfaction of users' information needs. It was established that the preparation of integrated reporting includes three stages: determining users' information needs, obtaining relevant information for forming indicators, and directly filling out forms of integrated reporting. The first stage's goal is to establish the characteristics that should be concise, understandable for most users, and meaningful enough to make adequate management decisions on their basis. An essential aspect of the second stage is the determination of the sources of obtaining the necessary data with the identification of factors that contribute to reducing the cost of acquiring data, ensuring their relevance in terms of the time of receipt and intended purpose, as well as availability and a high level of trust. The preparation of integrated reports involves the selection of an acceptable conceptual basis that would consider the branch and territorial aspects of the functioning of business entities, their organisational and functional structure, policies and procedures for implementing individual financial and economic operations, and segments of activity. An accountant's application in practical activities of the approach to the preparation of integrated reporting disclosed in the article will allow the assessment of the expediency of obtaining individual data based on their importance for users, the ratio of benefits from receiving them, and related costs. Qualitatively prepared integrated reporting will give users confidence that formalised and properly systematised indicators characterise the enterprise's economic activity, taking into account the influence of quantitative, qualitative and cost factors.

Disclosure of Social and Human Capital in the Report on Sustainable Development of Agricultural Enterprises

The study aims to acquaint the scientific and professional community with the Sustainability Reporting Platform, which is the basis for preparing the ESGI report (Sustainable Development and Investment Report). This article describes standardized forms and indicators for measuring, preparing and disclosing human and social capital information because this component of agricultural production is the most sensitive and uncontrolled during the period of martial law. The Sustainability Reporting Platform includes three components: ESGI report, webinars (videos, materials) and publications (scientific articles, presentations). The ESGI report consists of standardized reporting forms and survey questionnaires. Standardized forms enable comparisons of sustainability indicators among different economic entities that helps to adjust their business strategies and goals. The survey questionnaires provide each economic entity with the opportunity of in-depth self-assessment of sustainable practices and define their sustainability goals by 2030. One of the main provisions of the ESGI report is consideration of the size of an enterprise (micro, small, medium, large). In particular, regarding social and human capital, additional information is not required to be disclosed if all employees of an enterprise receive adequate salaries and are covered by social protection (sickness leave, social leave, disability benefits). For comprehensive measurement and presentation of social aspects of the enterprise's economic activity, the authors proposed 10 indicators: 1) material social risks and opportunities; 2) social risks and transition opportunities; 3) social risks of martial law; 4) diversity of human capital; 5) work-life balance; 6) employment dynamics; 7) adequate salary; 8) education and career development; 9) occupational health, safety and hygiene; 10) freedom of collective bargaining and social dialogue. Reference levels have been introduced for each indicator. The resulting matrices allow to convert the actual data into points and to draw the diagram that visualizes the measurement results. Webinars for agribusinesses interested in updates of the information about sustainability measurement and reporting represents a promising direction for further development of the Sustainability Reporting Platform. Another important direction is the improvement of the ESGI report by introducing more accurate indicative assessment levels based on the data received from the Platform users.

Innovative Approaches to Improving the Process of Risk Management in the Context of Developing a Strategy for the Foreign Economic Activity of Enterprises

The article presents innovative approaches to improving the risk management process in the context of developing a strategy for foreign economic activity of enterprise. To identify risks and choose the optimal strategy for foreign economic activity of enterprises (FEA), economic and mathematical modelling was used using the risk matrix and the criteria of Bayes, Laplace, Wald, Savage, Hurwitz, Hodge-Lehman. To approbate the results of the study, enterprises of the pharmaceutical industry were selected. According to the theory of games, in order to improve the risk management process, elements of the payment matrix have been applied, which characterize the profit of pharmaceutical enterprises in foreign economic activity. The use of the Hurwitz criterion, which is a criterion of pessimism-optimism, made it possible to choose the optimal strategy for the selected enterprises. The developed matrix of risks of foreign economic activity (strategic, operational, financial and external) for the selection of the optimal strategy of foreign economic activity through the use of economic and mathematical modelling should be used to determine the risks of the greatest impact at different stages of foreign economic activity using the theory of games. The presented matrix of risks of foreign economic activity is built for domestic enterprises of the pharmaceutical industry and is aimed at improving the process of risk management of foreign economic activity, which will enable enterprises of the pharmaceutical industry to predict risks at the early stages of activity and take into account in the general concept of the strategy of foreign economic activity of enterprises. The pharmaceutical industry of Ukraine was chosen for research because it is the most popular in modern conditions, and, according to the results of the analytical review, very high-risk. That is why the use of economic and mathematical modelling for risk calculation allows to optimize the economic behaviour of domestic pharmaceutical enterprises, while providing a reliable basis for making sound strategic decisions in the process of risk management in the context of developing a strategy for foreign economic activity. The risk management process, consisting of 7 stages and 18 steps, has been improved, and innovative tools have been proposed that facilitate the implementation of risk management in the enterprise in the process of developing a foreign trade strategy. The use of economic and mathematical modelling in risk forecasting and the formation of a foreign economic activity strategy will help enterprise managers to significantly increase management efficiency, reduce risks at the stage of planning foreign economic activity. The article improves the risk management process, which consists of 7 stages and 18 steps, and offers innovative tools that facilitate the implementation of risk management in the enterprise in the process of developing a foreign trade strategy. The use of economic and mathematical modelling in risk forecasting and the formation of a foreign economic activity strategy will help enterprise managers to significantly increase management efficiency, reduce risks at the stage of planning foreign economic activity.

КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНІ ЗАСАДИ ЦИФРОВОЇ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ІНДУСТРІЇ ГОСТИННОСТІ

Society digitalization significantly affects all spheres of life including the hospitality industry. The introduction of new technologies is becoming a key success factor for hotel and restaurant enterprises because it allows them to optimize processes, improve service and attract new customers. The article describes a digital transformation model for hospitality businesses that includes digital guest relationship management tools, operational optimization solutions, automated management systems, digital marketing strategies: using social media, online advertising and content marketing, customer engagement tools and digital innovations in the field of security. The digital transformation of the hospitality industry enterprise economic activity will provide an opportunity to increase the enterprise’s efficiency and competitiveness, improve the customer experience and customer satisfaction, optimize operating costs, attract new customers and expand market share. Along with this the challenges and threats that digital transformation brings with it are considered. One of the main challenges is the need to adapt to changing technologies and consumer expectations. Ensuring cyber security and personal data protection is another significant risk of digital transformation in the hotel industry. The author recommends to develop a clear digital transformation strategy taking into account the needs and capabilities of the enterprise; to provide comprehensive personnel training to work with new technologies; to pay due attention to cyber security and data protection issues and constantly monitor consumer expectations and update digital services. It is noted that digital transformation in the modern conditions is not just the new technologies implementation but also a systemic change in the culture and approaches to the entire enterprise work and the implementation of a comprehensive approach to digital transformation will allow hospitality enterprises not only to remain competitive but also to reach a new development level and business success. High technological readiness, innovative approach and flexibility in solving problems will allow enterprises of the hospitality industry to successfully adapt to the new realities of the digital age.

Сorporate social responsibility of construction enterprises: status, development trends and implementation policy

Striving for sustainable development in the conditions of globalization processes and in the period of transformation of the country's economy, assessing the current state of corporate social responsibility (SCR) of construction enterprises, the need to study the state and trends of policy development and its implementation practice is determined.
 The social responsibility of companies, regarding the sustainable development of the whole society, is an important approach for construction enterprises in responding to new social and environmental problems.
 An important aspect of modern civilized business, including construction, is the basis of the csr concept, the implementation of which in the field of enterprise management has an extremely important direction not only for creating a positive image of the company, but also for increasing its competitiveness both on a global scale and at regional levels management. Therefore, the expediency of combining csr activities with the specifics of the company, which must invest in potentially useful areas of knowledge and innovative solutions, becomes especially important.
 The efficiency of construction enterprises that implement csr in their activities has not yet reached the optimal level, the influence of institutional factors on csr efficiency is complex and non-linear, and the improvement of csr efficiency in the construction industry depends on both the optimization of the institutional environment and the improvement of the potential of csr efficiency management.
 The necessary changes in the existing practice of csr management should have a certain systematicity, which should include the integration of csr principles, methods and tools in the economic activity of enterprises in order to ensure their competitiveness, achieve high productivity and profitability.
 The research was carried out with the help of a review of scientific literature, modern studies of expert organizations, public organizations and policy research on csr issues of construction enterprises. The results of the study showed that there have been major positive changes in the evolution of the csr concept in ukraine over the past few years, but there are still some unresolved problems with which enterprises are forced to work.

Цифровая трансформация промышленных предприятий и экономический рост

The article examines the features of the digital transformation of industrial enterprises in the Russian Federation at the present stage of their development. The empirical part of the study is focused on examining the growth rates of large enterprises representing various sectors of the country’s national economy (EvrazHolding, Sukhoi Company, and Gazprom Neft) and their transformation as part of the digitalization of the domestic economic system. Their benefits from the introduction of digital technologies into production processes, including ecosystem purposes, which simplify the process of selling products without loss of quality, ensuring a high level of cooperation between platform participants and high market transparency, are considered. The indicators of profitability and business activity of the above companies (2017–2021) were studied as part of the digital transformation of these enterprises. The problems of introducing digital technologies are identified: high risks of data leakage when introducing online technologies; high costs of introducing digital technologies; changes in the labor market; customer privacy costs; errors in device operation, calculations, and software. In accordance with the above-identified problems, ways to resolve them have been developed based on a strategic approach to the digital transformation of the financial and economic activities of enterprises: preparation of production in accordance with the requirements of the digital passport of the Ministry of Industry and Trade; drawing up an investment schedule; preparation of a business process reengineering schedule; determination of strategic directions for R&D to improve the quality of products and increase labor productivity through digital technologies.

Accounting of the formation of financial results and their display in the financial statement

This paper is devoted to accounting for the formation of financial results and their reflection in financial statements. The paper examines the main concepts related to the accounting of financial results, such as income, expenses, profit and loss. The process of forming financial results is described in detail, in particular, determining income and expenses, determining profit and loss. The paper provides information on the display of financial results in financial statements, in particular, on drawing up a balance sheet and a report on financial results. One of the most important indicators that characterizes the efficiency of the financial activity of any enterprise is the financial result, or it is also called profit or loss. The role of the financial result is that it provides an increase in the state budget, promotes investment attractiveness, business activity of enterprises in the production and financial spheres. The main components of these reports and the requirements they must satisfy are considered. In the research process, general scientific methods are used to solve the tasks - analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction and special - methodical comparisons; systematization; grouping and logical generalization; systematic approach; abstraction; specification; research of documents and accounting registers in terms of form and content; analytical calculations and other methods of scientific research. List of sources of practical material. In the course of the work, regulatory and legislative sources of information were worked out, literary sources, manuals, textbooks, monographs, papers were studied in terms of preparation and submission of the main reporting forms. The financial result shows all aspects of the financial and economic activity of enterprises. Acting as a part of society's income, it should be used for the development of production and improvement of the financial situation of all workers employed in production.

Forecast of a qualitative renewal of the active part of fixed assets in agro-industrial complex

The renewal of fixed assets means the process of replacing obsolete means of labor with new, most perfect and modernized ones. In market economy and fierce competition between various manufacturers, one of the most important factors in increasing the profitability of production and economic activities of enterprises is the provision of their produced assets in the required quantity. Only with a good technical condition of production base, timely technical and technological re-equipment of production processes of economic entities, it is possible to have their stable growth. The goal is to analyze the theoretical and practical aspects of restoring the active part of the fixed production assets (hereinafter referred to as APFA) in crop production of the republic on the basis of economic and mathematical modeling. Methods – economic-mathematical, statistical, comparison, analysis and synthesis. Results – methodological provisions for the effective management of APFA are proposed. A system of standards was built and implemented, substantiating the indicators of economic efficiency of production (hereinafter referred to as IEEP). The main directions, tendencies and regularities of reproduction of the active part of fixed production assets are investigated. The criteria for the implementation of the method of planning and forecasting the pace of their reconstruction are shown. The set of normative IEEP is oriented to be used as a tool for decision-making by the country's authorities, allows to increase the volume of agricultural production over the forecast period (20 years). The calculation of the ratios of the shares of the APFA in the base and prospective periods, their productivity for five-year plans in the future, a comparison of the need for domestic investment by the state and the investment investments of large associations in the optimal mode of their recovery are presented. Conclusions – the ratio of active and passive parts is of great interest, since the capital productivity, capital profitability and financial condition of enterprises largely depend on their optimal combination. When analyzing the qualitative state of the active part of fixed assets, the completeness and timeliness of scheduled preventive repairs, their compliance with technical characteristics and operating conditions are checked.

Devising a systematic approach to the implementation of innovative technologies to provide the stability of transportation enterprises

This paper reports a study of the main key components of influence on the stability of transportation enterprises in the market. A model for evaluating the effectiveness of innovation activity in the transport industry, which takes into account indicators of expenditures on innovations, has been built. It makes it possible to determine the effectiveness of introduced innovations, which indicates the appropriate level of innovation potential and the ways that the enterprise must take to increase it. The main directions of innovative development of transportation enterprises were investigated. The assessment of the economic stability of transportation enterprises in the market has established that the current state of development of enterprises is characterized by a weak level of their innovative activity. A systematic approach to the introduction of innovative technologies by a transportation enterprise in the market has been devised. This approach makes it possible to determine the required level of enterprise stability and to form a relationship between the level of innovative technologies and their stages of implementation under conditions of environmental variability. This makes it possible to increase competitive advantages, improve the efficiency of production and economic activity of enterprises. The practical implementation of the proposed model for evaluating the effectiveness of innovation activity in the transport industry has been carried out, which made it possible to allocate the most important indicators of innovation activity for the enterprise. These include specific efficiency of innovation; unit costs of innovation; innovative potential of the enterprise (defined as the proportion of own innovative developments). According to the study results, it is determined that the specific efficiency of innovations (SEI) exerts the greatest influence, which, with an increase by 1 %, provides an increase in financial stability by 1.48 %