Economic Activity Of Enterprise Research Articles

Methods for assessing risks of sustainable development of an enterprise: Theory and empirical analysis

Subject. The study deals with risk assessment of sustainable development of the enterprise. Objectives. The purpose is to review and evaluate the main methods for analysis of social, environmental, and economic condition of the company, build a risk model and underpin its key methodological stages; provide empirical proof of the proposed concept based on data from financial and non-financial reporting and stock market risk of the organization. Methods. The study employs techniques of stochastic and deterministic types of analysis of enterprise economic activity. Results. The paper offers a new method to assess ESG risk based on a normative approach to calculating risk indicators. I modified the classical parameter of the challenge to sustainable development, as well as the methodology for integrated assessment of sustainable business development. Conclusions. The risk theory is currently a worthy way to obtain transparent and objective information to assess the sustainable development of a corporate unit. The proposed risk analysis tool for a complex of socio-ecological and economic areas has a better quality of explanation of the current situation in the stock market than the classical valuation technique that serves as its basis.

Civil-military cooperation and public control over the activities of local self-government bodies

The purpose of the article is to determine the specific features of civil-military cooperation and public control over the activities of local self­government bodies.
 The article shows that in the context of a high- intensity armed conflict, the impact of corruption and other risks that have a destructive impact on the local self-government system is growing. Arguments are presented about the existence of risks of violation of human and civil rights as a result of unlawful actions of civilian and military officials. Attention is focused on the decline in economic activity of enterprises and the population living near the contact line as a result of ill-considered provision of humanitarian aid. The article establishes the absence or imperfection of legal mechanisms to influence persons who refuse to evacuate from the areas of hostilities, if such "refuseniks" take care of children, the elderly or persons with disabilities.
 Public control is a complex social entity whose mission is to create preconditions for continuous improvement of the controlled entities' activities by searching for and analyzing errors in their activities and identifying ways to eliminate them. The concept of public control over the activities of local self­government bodies and civil-military cooperation structures is formulated as an analytical and search work of civil society institutions aimed at determining whether the activities of the controlled entities comply with their functions, powers, restrictions and prohibitions established by law.
 The legal framework for civic control over the activities of local self-government bodies and civil- military cooperation structures is currently being developed. Legislation governing the activities of local self-government bodies is largely outdated and does not take into account the realities of the martial law regime. Instead, the legislative basis for civil-military cooperation has not yet been created, which leads to an arbitrary interpretation of the essence of civil-military cooperation by different actors.

TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND ITS ROLE IN IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE ENTERPRISE

The essence of the technical and economic analysis aimed at improving the economic activity of enterprises and making optimal management decisions depending on the obtained results is revealed. It is pointed out the need to carry out a complex and systematic technical and economic analysis of the production and economic activity of the enterprise in order to objectively evaluate its results, which will contribute to increasing the efficiency of production. Systematicity consists in the study of the object as part of a higher-level system, and complexity - in the comprehensive and interdependent assessment of elements, the analysis of many characteristics of the enterprise's activity, which are reflected in the system of analytical and evaluation indicators. At the same time, the methods of comprehensive assessment of the enterprise's activity and the directions of its implementation are given, based on general indicators of production efficiency, financial condition and competitiveness. The most important tasks of the technical and economic analysis of the enterprise's activity are highlighted in order to ensure the scientific and economic validity of the enterprise's activity plans and the implementation of control over their implementation. It is emphasized that one of the important directions of the technical and economic analysis of the production and economic activity of the enterprise is not only its assessment, but also diagnostics, determination of factors affecting the analyzed indicators, and identification of reserves for improving work efficiency. Technical and economic analysis is basically intra-informative analysis. In the process of such an analysis, the activity of all structural subdivisions of the enterprise, services, shops, districts, teams and individual workplaces is investigated. The source of information for such an analysis is planning and normative data, operational and accounting materials, off-account data. Technical and economic analysis is carried out daily, for a decade, a month, a quarter, a year before drawing up the final report. Important management decisions are made based on the results of the analysis. Depending on the results of the diagnosis of the main indicators and the factors affecting them, it is proposed to make economic-mathematical and simulation models, the reliability of the analysis results will depend on their correct construction. For a more complete study of the activities of enterprises, it is recommended to use factor and correlation analyses based on mathematical, statistical and economic methods.

Agricultural enterprise economic security systems modelling

The research relevance was determined by the current conditions of economic instability and the growing influence of external factors on the economic activities of enterprises, understanding and effective management of economic security issues is becoming extremely important for ensuring the sustainability of agricultural enterprises. The study aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the economic security of an agricultural enterprise, focusing on identifying key aspects and their impact on the sustainability and viability of the enterprise. The study employed an analytical method, statistical method, functional method, system analysis method, deduction method, synthesis method and comparison method. This study focuses on the economic security of agricultural enterprises, considering the complex aspects of efficiency, risk protection and the ability to adapt to changes in the economic environment. The study defines economic security as a systematic approach to risk management and sustainability. Particular attention is devoted to responding to changes in the external environment, such as price fluctuations, climate anomalies and global market trends. Theoretical models, such as the risk system model, effective resource management, innovative development, and global competitiveness, which determine various aspects of economic security, were considered. The study focuses on the financial condition of the agricultural company Kernel, which proved to be dynamic and ambiguous in 2020-2023. The analysis includes factors such as the impact of geopolitical events and economic instability due to the war. The company implements strategies for global competitiveness, demonstrating flexibility, innovation, and diversification to ensure sustainability. Strategies are proposed to expand production diversification, improve risk management, and use innovative technologies to adapt to climate change. The practical application of this study lies in the possibility of using the results and recommendations developed on their basis to improve the economic security systems of agricultural enterprises

Методичні аспекти підготовки інтегрованої звітності

Enterprises carry out financial and economic activities under constant changes, which directly or indirectly affect the content, volume and structure of information flows arising from identifying, measuring and formalising data related to economic operations and their results. The article aims to identify the elements of the preparation method of integrated reporting, the application of which by the accountant will help increase the degree of satisfaction of users' information needs. It was established that the preparation of integrated reporting includes three stages: determining users' information needs, obtaining relevant information for forming indicators, and directly filling out forms of integrated reporting. The first stage's goal is to establish the characteristics that should be concise, understandable for most users, and meaningful enough to make adequate management decisions on their basis. An essential aspect of the second stage is the determination of the sources of obtaining the necessary data with the identification of factors that contribute to reducing the cost of acquiring data, ensuring their relevance in terms of the time of receipt and intended purpose, as well as availability and a high level of trust. The preparation of integrated reports involves the selection of an acceptable conceptual basis that would consider the branch and territorial aspects of the functioning of business entities, their organisational and functional structure, policies and procedures for implementing individual financial and economic operations, and segments of activity. An accountant's application in practical activities of the approach to the preparation of integrated reporting disclosed in the article will allow the assessment of the expediency of obtaining individual data based on their importance for users, the ratio of benefits from receiving them, and related costs. Qualitatively prepared integrated reporting will give users confidence that formalised and properly systematised indicators characterise the enterprise's economic activity, taking into account the influence of quantitative, qualitative and cost factors.

Innovative Approaches to Improving the Process of Risk Management in the Context of Developing a Strategy for the Foreign Economic Activity of Enterprises

The article presents innovative approaches to improving the risk management process in the context of developing a strategy for foreign economic activity of enterprise. To identify risks and choose the optimal strategy for foreign economic activity of enterprises (FEA), economic and mathematical modelling was used using the risk matrix and the criteria of Bayes, Laplace, Wald, Savage, Hurwitz, Hodge-Lehman. To approbate the results of the study, enterprises of the pharmaceutical industry were selected. According to the theory of games, in order to improve the risk management process, elements of the payment matrix have been applied, which characterize the profit of pharmaceutical enterprises in foreign economic activity. The use of the Hurwitz criterion, which is a criterion of pessimism-optimism, made it possible to choose the optimal strategy for the selected enterprises. The developed matrix of risks of foreign economic activity (strategic, operational, financial and external) for the selection of the optimal strategy of foreign economic activity through the use of economic and mathematical modelling should be used to determine the risks of the greatest impact at different stages of foreign economic activity using the theory of games. The presented matrix of risks of foreign economic activity is built for domestic enterprises of the pharmaceutical industry and is aimed at improving the process of risk management of foreign economic activity, which will enable enterprises of the pharmaceutical industry to predict risks at the early stages of activity and take into account in the general concept of the strategy of foreign economic activity of enterprises. The pharmaceutical industry of Ukraine was chosen for research because it is the most popular in modern conditions, and, according to the results of the analytical review, very high-risk. That is why the use of economic and mathematical modelling for risk calculation allows to optimize the economic behaviour of domestic pharmaceutical enterprises, while providing a reliable basis for making sound strategic decisions in the process of risk management in the context of developing a strategy for foreign economic activity. The risk management process, consisting of 7 stages and 18 steps, has been improved, and innovative tools have been proposed that facilitate the implementation of risk management in the enterprise in the process of developing a foreign trade strategy. The use of economic and mathematical modelling in risk forecasting and the formation of a foreign economic activity strategy will help enterprise managers to significantly increase management efficiency, reduce risks at the stage of planning foreign economic activity. The article improves the risk management process, which consists of 7 stages and 18 steps, and offers innovative tools that facilitate the implementation of risk management in the enterprise in the process of developing a foreign trade strategy. The use of economic and mathematical modelling in risk forecasting and the formation of a foreign economic activity strategy will help enterprise managers to significantly increase management efficiency, reduce risks at the stage of planning foreign economic activity.

Сorporate social responsibility of construction enterprises: status, development trends and implementation policy

Striving for sustainable development in the conditions of globalization processes and in the period of transformation of the country's economy, assessing the current state of corporate social responsibility (SCR) of construction enterprises, the need to study the state and trends of policy development and its implementation practice is determined.
 The social responsibility of companies, regarding the sustainable development of the whole society, is an important approach for construction enterprises in responding to new social and environmental problems.
 An important aspect of modern civilized business, including construction, is the basis of the csr concept, the implementation of which in the field of enterprise management has an extremely important direction not only for creating a positive image of the company, but also for increasing its competitiveness both on a global scale and at regional levels management. Therefore, the expediency of combining csr activities with the specifics of the company, which must invest in potentially useful areas of knowledge and innovative solutions, becomes especially important.
 The efficiency of construction enterprises that implement csr in their activities has not yet reached the optimal level, the influence of institutional factors on csr efficiency is complex and non-linear, and the improvement of csr efficiency in the construction industry depends on both the optimization of the institutional environment and the improvement of the potential of csr efficiency management.
 The necessary changes in the existing practice of csr management should have a certain systematicity, which should include the integration of csr principles, methods and tools in the economic activity of enterprises in order to ensure their competitiveness, achieve high productivity and profitability.
 The research was carried out with the help of a review of scientific literature, modern studies of expert organizations, public organizations and policy research on csr issues of construction enterprises. The results of the study showed that there have been major positive changes in the evolution of the csr concept in ukraine over the past few years, but there are still some unresolved problems with which enterprises are forced to work.

Цифровая трансформация промышленных предприятий и экономический рост

The article examines the features of the digital transformation of industrial enterprises in the Russian Federation at the present stage of their development. The empirical part of the study is focused on examining the growth rates of large enterprises representing various sectors of the country’s national economy (EvrazHolding, Sukhoi Company, and Gazprom Neft) and their transformation as part of the digitalization of the domestic economic system. Their benefits from the introduction of digital technologies into production processes, including ecosystem purposes, which simplify the process of selling products without loss of quality, ensuring a high level of cooperation between platform participants and high market transparency, are considered. The indicators of profitability and business activity of the above companies (2017–2021) were studied as part of the digital transformation of these enterprises. The problems of introducing digital technologies are identified: high risks of data leakage when introducing online technologies; high costs of introducing digital technologies; changes in the labor market; customer privacy costs; errors in device operation, calculations, and software. In accordance with the above-identified problems, ways to resolve them have been developed based on a strategic approach to the digital transformation of the financial and economic activities of enterprises: preparation of production in accordance with the requirements of the digital passport of the Ministry of Industry and Trade; drawing up an investment schedule; preparation of a business process reengineering schedule; determination of strategic directions for R&D to improve the quality of products and increase labor productivity through digital technologies.

Accounting of the formation of financial results and their display in the financial statement

This paper is devoted to accounting for the formation of financial results and their reflection in financial statements. The paper examines the main concepts related to the accounting of financial results, such as income, expenses, profit and loss. The process of forming financial results is described in detail, in particular, determining income and expenses, determining profit and loss. The paper provides information on the display of financial results in financial statements, in particular, on drawing up a balance sheet and a report on financial results. One of the most important indicators that characterizes the efficiency of the financial activity of any enterprise is the financial result, or it is also called profit or loss. The role of the financial result is that it provides an increase in the state budget, promotes investment attractiveness, business activity of enterprises in the production and financial spheres. The main components of these reports and the requirements they must satisfy are considered. In the research process, general scientific methods are used to solve the tasks - analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction and special - methodical comparisons; systematization; grouping and logical generalization; systematic approach; abstraction; specification; research of documents and accounting registers in terms of form and content; analytical calculations and other methods of scientific research. List of sources of practical material. In the course of the work, regulatory and legislative sources of information were worked out, literary sources, manuals, textbooks, monographs, papers were studied in terms of preparation and submission of the main reporting forms. The financial result shows all aspects of the financial and economic activity of enterprises. Acting as a part of society's income, it should be used for the development of production and improvement of the financial situation of all workers employed in production.

Forecast of a qualitative renewal of the active part of fixed assets in agro-industrial complex

The renewal of fixed assets means the process of replacing obsolete means of labor with new, most perfect and modernized ones. In market economy and fierce competition between various manufacturers, one of the most important factors in increasing the profitability of production and economic activities of enterprises is the provision of their produced assets in the required quantity. Only with a good technical condition of production base, timely technical and technological re-equipment of production processes of economic entities, it is possible to have their stable growth. The goal is to analyze the theoretical and practical aspects of restoring the active part of the fixed production assets (hereinafter referred to as APFA) in crop production of the republic on the basis of economic and mathematical modeling. Methods – economic-mathematical, statistical, comparison, analysis and synthesis. Results – methodological provisions for the effective management of APFA are proposed. A system of standards was built and implemented, substantiating the indicators of economic efficiency of production (hereinafter referred to as IEEP). The main directions, tendencies and regularities of reproduction of the active part of fixed production assets are investigated. The criteria for the implementation of the method of planning and forecasting the pace of their reconstruction are shown. The set of normative IEEP is oriented to be used as a tool for decision-making by the country's authorities, allows to increase the volume of agricultural production over the forecast period (20 years). The calculation of the ratios of the shares of the APFA in the base and prospective periods, their productivity for five-year plans in the future, a comparison of the need for domestic investment by the state and the investment investments of large associations in the optimal mode of their recovery are presented. Conclusions – the ratio of active and passive parts is of great interest, since the capital productivity, capital profitability and financial condition of enterprises largely depend on their optimal combination. When analyzing the qualitative state of the active part of fixed assets, the completeness and timeliness of scheduled preventive repairs, their compliance with technical characteristics and operating conditions are checked.

Devising a systematic approach to the implementation of innovative technologies to provide the stability of transportation enterprises

This paper reports a study of the main key components of influence on the stability of transportation enterprises in the market. A model for evaluating the effectiveness of innovation activity in the transport industry, which takes into account indicators of expenditures on innovations, has been built. It makes it possible to determine the effectiveness of introduced innovations, which indicates the appropriate level of innovation potential and the ways that the enterprise must take to increase it. The main directions of innovative development of transportation enterprises were investigated. The assessment of the economic stability of transportation enterprises in the market has established that the current state of development of enterprises is characterized by a weak level of their innovative activity. A systematic approach to the introduction of innovative technologies by a transportation enterprise in the market has been devised. This approach makes it possible to determine the required level of enterprise stability and to form a relationship between the level of innovative technologies and their stages of implementation under conditions of environmental variability. This makes it possible to increase competitive advantages, improve the efficiency of production and economic activity of enterprises. The practical implementation of the proposed model for evaluating the effectiveness of innovation activity in the transport industry has been carried out, which made it possible to allocate the most important indicators of innovation activity for the enterprise. These include specific efficiency of innovation; unit costs of innovation; innovative potential of the enterprise (defined as the proportion of own innovative developments). According to the study results, it is determined that the specific efficiency of innovations (SEI) exerts the greatest influence, which, with an increase by 1 %, provides an increase in financial stability by 1.48 %

SIGNIFICANCE OF FINANCIAL STRATEGY IN THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF A MODERN ENTERPRISE

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the peculiarities of the formation and implementation of the financial strategy of the enterprise under the conditions of a low level of predictability of the development of the financial and economic situation, as well as to outline the key aspects of ensuring timely and adequate management decisions based on increasing its adaptation capabilities to the factors of the external and internal environment.
 The structural components of the enterprise's financial strategy are substantiated and the range of tasks that are solved within the framework of each of the strategies and allow to achieve long-term financial goals based on the assessment of the enterprise's financial capabilities, its financial potential and ensuring its financial security are highlighted.
 The main stages of forming a financial strategy are highlighted and the need to agree on organizational aspects of this process is emphasized, since the quality of the formed financial strategy, its compliance with the general strategy of the enterprise and the possibility of implementation in the period under consideration will depend on the expertise and competence of the specialists involved.
 The existing segmentation of objects of strategic financial analysis in terms of dominant spheres (directions) of strategic financial development of the enterprise has been supplemented. The range of factors influencing the financial and economic activity of enterprises in the war and post-war period is outlined, the comprehensive analysis of which allows forming a database on the future state of the enterprise and justifying the financial possibilities of ensuring its development.
 Approaches to the development of a financial strategy based on taking into account risk, depending on the general priorities of further development, management style, have been formed.

ОБЛІК І АНАЛІЗ ФІНАНСОВИХ РЕЗУЛЬТАТІВ В СУЧАСНИХ УМОВАХ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

Indexes that characterize the results of financial and economic activity of enterprises are the important informative base for acceptance of effective administrative decisions, for these reasons in the modern terms of management primary take an attention an account and analysis of financial results with aim of recreated the production and socio-economic development of territories and country in a post-war period. Research aim is there a forming of modern indexes for evaluation of financial results of enterprises activity in accordance with the requirements of recovering a production, development in post-war period and also European and International standards of record-keeping and audit. The methodological basis of research became modern international and national models of account and analysis of financial results of enterprises activity. In the conducted researches used methods of dialectic, methods and principles of scientific cognition, instruments of economic analysis for forming of certain methodologies of account, analysis and evaluation of activity financial results that allow accepting correct administrative decisions in a post-war period of recovering the economy of country. The basic hypothesis of research is there supposition that the account of the improved and complemented indexes of evaluation the financial results of enterprises activity will allow to get necessary information about socio-economic renewal of country and its separate regions in a post-war period and to approach the socio-economic standards of development to the level of European Union. Exposition of basic material of research. The modern registration policy of enterprises foresees application and determinations of financial results in obedience to rules and principles of National positions and its accordance to the International models and systems of account and analysis of enterprises activity that to examine the financial result of enterprises activity as final category of effectiveness of economic activity that represents the size of economic values, characterizes potential of profitability, economy growing and development of enterprises. The most important step is expansion of researches of effectiveness by an improvement and use of efficiency indexes, profitability of property and adopted asset, assets of enterprise for the aim to receipt a complex information about forming and drawing on financial results in the cut of types of activity, segments of production orientation, markets of sale, determination of the own financial resources state, efficiency of its use and prospects of development in the cut of those signs, that characteristic exactly for a concrete enterprise. Marked necessity of account the institutional and economic features of enterprises activity, territorial signs of forming of profits, charges and financial results, that will allow strengthening addressees and relevant of accounting information in a management effectiveness by enterprises activity. Originality and practical meaningfulness of research are confirmed by offered by directions of improvement the indexes of analysis and evaluation of financial results in accordance with the requirements of modern socio and economic development of Ukraine economy, to the International standards of account and European unions. Conclusions and prospects of further researches. The conducted research allowed establishing that a financial result is a complex concept that summarizes effectiveness and efficiency of functioning of enterprise and difficult registration work, receipt of expedient, objective information. Forming of financial results of enterprises activity is proceeding for the acceptance of administrative decisions. In an account and analysis of financial results it follows to take into attention the specific of forming the results of activity. And also to take in attention a necessity of including to the indexes of accounting and effectiveness such, that estimate an ethic, public utility, social justice, improvement of welfare of population, unconcern of natural environment and public responsibility. Further researches will be sent to the improvement of administrative account in relation to search the indexes of evaluation the results of enterprises activity most close to the requirements of European society and necessities of Ukrainian public.

A statistical study of climate change in Ukraine under martial law

The article concentrates on the development of theoretical and methodological foundations of statistical research in the field of national environmental and economic accounting, which forms the basis for the development of indicators of climate change under martial law and shapes the adaptation to these changes. Given Russia’s military aggression against Ukraine, the national statistical system is faced with an urgent task of ensuring the continuity of the production of complete and high quality statistical information. The issue of forming a methodology for the production of statistical information in the field of ecology, i.e. climate change statistics, remains unresolved. Outlining ways to address this issue is an important condition for the improvement of modern state statistics of Ukraine and the development of statistical theory and practice, as this largely determines the quality of the information-related support for environmental management at all levels. The statistical estimation of the dynamics and structure of greenhouse gas emissions on the basis of the economic activity of enterprises was performed. It was pointed out that among the various related branch methods of obtaining information, the system of environmental and economic accounting is the most relevant and source of high quality data. One of the aspects of solving the complex problem of forming methodological bases for collecting statistical environmental information is the creation of a national system of indicators of climate change and preparing statistical informational products using administrative data sources. The paper studies issues of producing ecological information relating to Ukraine according to statistical data. Moreover, the main problems which arise during the construction of national environmental accounts were characterised. Finally, the paper identified the key factors which influence to the largest extent the quality of statistical data and calculations, and which are necessary for the transformation and development of the statistical estimation of climate change under Russian military aggression.

The Analytical Aspects of Personnel Management in the Foreign Economic Activity of Enterprise

The article is aimed at studying the analytical prerequisites for efficient management of enterprise personnel as human capital in the context of activation of economic activity of enterprise in foreign markets. The article specifies that the contemporary category of «human capital» has several definitions and is constantly being updated. Thus, it was defined that nowadays the human capital of an enterprise represents a set of qualitative characteristics of a person, an object of investment, part of the total capital, a stock or a set of individual potentials of a person, and can also be considered as an opportunity to use the knowledge and skills of employees. During the study, it was emphasized that today it is the company’s personnel that allows building competitive advantages and achieving results in the professional activities of the enterprise. The authors summarize that this issue is especially relevant for enterprises operating in international markets, since the qualification of an employee should allow timely response to drastic changes that are characteristic of markets of such scale and be responsible of making effective business decisions. The article highlights the currently relevant methods and criteria for analyzing human capital in an enterprise. In particular, the main goals and stages of analyzing the state of the personnel of a company which has a foreign economic vector, are identified. Attention was focused on the difference in the assessing and accounting of personnel (human capital) in national and foreign practices and noted that there is no specific set and uniform indicators for assessing human capital at the enterprise level. In continuation of this statement, the article considers quantitative and qualitative indicators in the context of a comprehensive assessment of human capital of an enterprise – subject of foreign economic activity. In the course of the study, the main quantitative indicators (coefficients) of the impact of human capital on the development of the enterprise were analyzed: the coefficient of seniority, the stability coefficient, the health coefficient, the coefficient of professional growth, the coefficient of personnel education. In accordance with the normative values of such indicators, the necessary managerial decisions and actions in each of the simulated situations were interpreted. As a result of the study, the importance of taking into account the quality of personnel (human capital) for making managerial decisions at enterprises – subjects of foreign economic activity was emphasized.

Діагностика рівня транспарентності розвитку підприємств в умовах інвестиційної активності економічного середовища: методичний аспект

It is determined that the diagnostics of the level of transparency of the development of industrial enterprises, taking into account their investment activity, consists in that that in conditions of uncertainty of the external context and the emergence of a tendency to decline in the level of development it is necessary to adjust the tactics of management activities regarding the use of diagnostic instrumentarium with the already accounted manifestation of crisis phenomena in strategic periods, to accumulate financial resources in order to successfully counter the losses caused by the crisis situation: ergo, it is advisable to predict, diagnose and prevent the consequences of the financial crisis. It is concluded that the need to improve the methodological approach to assessing the level of transparency of development of industrial enterprises, taking into account the investment activity of the economic environment, is due to that that diagnostics of the level of transparency of development reduces the probability of emergence and development of crisis phenomena in the process of production and economic activity of enterprises. On the basis of the results of the aforementioned diagnostics, the negative consequences of the financial risks of enterprise are revealed, possible ways to increase the level of development are elaborated, a strategy for achieving transparency of enterprises development in the context of convergence of investment processes is built. This enables to prepare in advance options for strategically rational decisions on both the emerging and the forecast changes in resource prices, changes in own and in borrowed funds, to adjust plans for production, obtaining loans, and changes in selling prices. Also to forecast the onset of moments of destabilization of production (occurrence of crisis factors) and to use interactive innovation and investment management as the most optimal type of relevant management in order to prevent the development of crisis at industrial enterprises.

ПУТИ СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ БУХГАЛТЕРСКОГО УЧЕТА ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ПРИБЫЛИ И НАПРАВЛЕНИЙ ЕЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ

The relevance of the scientific problem under consideration is determined by the fact that in the conditions of dynamic changes in the market economy, the tax policy being implemented puts forward clear and specific requirements for timely and accurate reflection of financial performance. The relations of economic entities with the state are formed on a specific economic platform. The relationship between the budget system and specific legal entities is built only with the use of tools for redistributing the final financial results of financial and economic activities of enterprises. Accounting of financial results must be carried out systematically, throughout the reporting period. That is why correct and competent accounting of financial results is very important. Since it is the accounting data that provides information about the final financial result, as well as the components from which it is formed. Therefore, the topic of profit accounting and the directions of its use is quite relevant at all times. This problem is of particular importance for agricultural enterprises. This article reveals the economic essence of the category “financial results”, defines their structure as the most important indicator of the organization’s activities, and makes recommendations for improving the organization of profit accounting and the directions of its use. The assessment of the organization of accounting for profit formation and the directions of its use is given for one of the enterprises of the agro-industrial complex of the Krasnodar Territory.

RISK MANAGEMENT AT THE ENTERPRISES OF THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY

The article is devoted to the issues of risk management and safety, which are now becoming one of the reasons causing changes in the economic activities of enterprises in the hospitality industry. It is investigated that the hospitality industry is one of the largest, most dynamic and attractive sectors of economic development. In modern economic conditions, the activities of hospitality industry enterprises are constantly accompanied by risks. It is proved that the stable financial and economic situation of enterprises of the hospitality industry largely depends on how comprehensively all types of existing risks are taken into account in their activities. It is substantiated that a feature of the functioning of enterprises of the hospitality industry is that they are constantly under the influence of general economic and specific risks, especially in recent years. The global pandemic and military aggression of Russia had a very negative impact on the economic development of the hospitality industry in Ukraine. The general economic risks inherent in entrepreneurial activity in the hospitality industry are analysed. It is proved that in our time, security and risk management issues are important not only for the community, but have always been a prerequisite for the development of the hospitality industry. Risks in the hospitality industry are a very complex category in their management system. It is investigated that each individual enterprise of the hospitality industry is characterized by individual specificity of risk. Risk management of enterprises in the hospitality industry in the process of their economic growth is based on a flexible approach, characterized by conducting business operations and ensuring a balanced risk position of the enterprise. With this approach, only those operations are performed where the increase in risk is compensated by a corresponding increase in profitability. The article considers risk management as one of the most important elements of strategic management and internal control at the enterprises of the hospitality industry. This ensures the improvement of the quality of corporate governance, financial stability

ОЦЕНКА СОБСТВЕННОЙ МАТЕРИАЛЬНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКОЙ ОСНАЩЕННОСТИ И АВТОНОМНОСТИ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ МЕТОДОМ ФАКТОРНОГО АНАЛИЗА

Negative global phenomena, as well as regional and global tensions that have been intensifying in recent years, have created numerous new challenges for economic entities of various levels. Finding solutions to these problems becomes a critically important element of crisis management for any company seeking to navigate economic turbulence and maintain competitiveness. Consequently, there is an inevitable need to reform the methodology of analyzing the financial and economic activities of enterprises or, at the very least, adapt it to the new challenges faced by economic agents. This article examines a three-factor multiplicative analytical model based on key economic indicators of a company’s performance: the value of fixed assets, the cost of materials, the wages of production workers, and the company’s output expressed in monetary units. The model incorporates a previously unused factor, explores its economic significance, demonstrates its applicability using three real Russian companies from different sectors, explores a complementary variation of the factor, and establishes their interchangeable use for analyzing changes in their dynamics. Factor analysis using the proposed factor can be beneficial for assessing a company’s level of material and technical capabilities, production autonomy, independence from raw material suppliers and subcontractors, evaluating the impact of these factors on product output in monetary and absolute terms, and analyzing the changing dynamics of these production characteristics across reporting periods.

Theoretical basics of information technologies of the financial and economic activities of enterprises

Theoretical basics of information technologies of the financial and economic activities of enterprises